Evening Star Newspaper, December 28, 1924, Page 4

£ * STIENCE PROGRESS | ADVANGES WORLD Way Has Been Paved for Many Miracles Yet to Come. The Amerifcan Association for the Advancement of Science will assemble here Monday at the end of a vear which has been marked by very nota- ble progress toward a better and hap- pler world The frontiers gf the been pushed back by in pid pioneers expl in a reaim of fantastic darkness. It has not been & year ofi miracles, by foundation laying, | gible ¥ work 1 * labora- unknown have 2 mall part of been done in the Gove tories at Washington. e of the foremost iflc work: in the men with iron nerves, great strength and rare ment The United d the world Old World, after the blood-letting of war. has been at a great disadvantage. The at German ties, for- merly the headquarters of the scien- tiflc we are pathetlc zhosts of thefr old selv men are Bravely strugglin pidly gath- t to an gather preser Ruxsia Probably Blufing. s probably progress. Her mpoverished. Her perished 1 ommu Wheth efforts to advance, st tious expedition of the little-l a Zembla aganda it is uffing at sci ities are lect has r of reported preten- exploration nd of or merely mpossible to deter- e have made entists of both hit by the com- ich is work. ionths re worried morning will war, 1 fortable, s ost hingto Feaviest load share of the glo h 15 the Smit u Stand t of Agri- e Survey have research, exp mains the most reple! and the most potential ix discoveries. Public attention was fo- cused sharply T s search last the observa- nal oppor Yorded during close opposition of the planet Not only did the photographs cat measure; s taken at that » result in a considerable advance scientific knowledge of the naeighbor world, but astronomers were placed Iightly better position to answer question which most agitates the man outside the cbser- —that concerning the possi- of intelligent life on that Arctic globe 35,000,000 miles away in space. New light has been shed on the temperatures of Mars during the daytime at a period of the plane- tary year comparable to May on earth. From the observations taken this Summer it has been shown that under these conditions, so far as ac- tual atmospheric heat is concerned, Mars is as capable of supporting life as some of the sub-Arctic areas of the earth. A man set down on the neighboring planet at noon with a supply of artificial air probably could live until night. Possibility of any actual communi- cation with 3ars by any means now avallable to man 1s scouted by Wash- ington scientists. But it is held that If observations should show that the planet has conditions reasonably fa- vorable to life, the logical conclusion Is that life exists—even though it be 2 low order of life. Mars has passed through a cosmic history very similar to that of the earth, and similar con- ditions produce similar results—such 43 the generation of life. The possibility of Iife on planets remains, and probably always will re- ain a field of interesting conjecture incapable of definite proof or disproof. But the astrophysical department of the Smithsonian, under Dr. Abbot's direction, has arrived this vear more closely tham ever before at what may be & very direct contribution of astronomy to everyday life. This is in the correlation of the radiation of the sun to weather on earth—in other words, a method of long-distance weather forecasting. Meteorological sclence at. present has excellent methods of forecasting weather for definite areas for a few hours, even for & few days, in advance. Beyond that everything is guesswork. But Dr. Abbot and his assoclates have worked for years to prove or disprove ihe theory that by the methdd accurate predict made for a longer time. The system is used by the government forecasters of the Argentine Republic but Amerfcan Government never has felt that it was on a sufficlently depend- abls basls for official use. Smith- sonfan scientists feel that there is an unquestionable relation between solar radiation and weather, but the laws governing it are very complex and can be established only after a long routine of experiments. Long-Distance Foreeasting. This year H. C. Clayton, assoclated for some time with the work in Argen- tina, has made regular predictions of th® temperature of New York City for each month. His broader prognostica- tions of variations from the mean nor- mal have provad fairly accurate. These results will be published within the next few months, ‘Work of Carnegie Institution astrono- mers has established at Mount Wilson, €alif,, that the spiral nebulae in the heavens, which have long been & mys- tery to science, are in fast fsland universes in space at a distance of a million light years or more from the earth—that is, the stars we see, the nearest of which, except for the planets in our own solar system, are trillions of miles away, constitute only one calestlal universe—that ten times as distant as the farthest of them lie universes just as great. Here prob- ably is the greatest extension in his- tory of man's knowledge of what lies bevond. It is the discovery not of one new world but of clusters of millions of ‘new worlds, Of even greater importance is the work ‘of the famous British astron- omers, Hdington and Jeans. The svolution of a star hitherto has been held to consist of the gradual shrink- ing of an enormous gas mass to some- thing solider and solider. By this new theory it is established that these great stars are made up of elemental atoms which, under intense heat, are Stripped of their outer elec- trons—that they actually are send- ing out their electrons into space. Here is an example on & prodigious scale of the actual conversion of nass into energy which has been de- duced from mathematical data, but which has been exceedingly hard to prove By experiment. Edington's work has perhaps been the - most uotable advamce of the centyry in NOTED SCIENTISTS WHO éow “NEIL M.JuDD, National Muscum 2orMONSTON. €l STIN H.CLARK., 5 alglovul Museum. HARBIS & B miim o this most fantastic fleld of scientific research. Great Advance in Geology. In geology the great advance of the year has been one of intense practical value to mankind—the identification and classification of microscopic fossils. It is by fossils that rocks and rock strata are identi- fled. Now the existence of mineral or gas deposits can be deduced only by an accurate identification of geo- logical formation. Hitherto geol- ogists have been content to base their deductions on the larger fossils visible to the naked eye or under a magnifying glass. Most rocks con-. tain multitudes of these, but they have been so distorted during the ages of pressure that they often are badly broken up and difficult to identify. Within a comparatively few years paleontologists have turned their at- tention te an almost inexhaustible field of other fossiis—to reading the fine print rather than the capital let- ters on the tattered pages of the manuscript of time. To do this It was essential to learn the language —a remarkably difficult task. Mil- ltons of these tiny remafns of plant and animal life In the dead ages are found in a small rock. Every one of them must be studled under the microscope, its most minute variations noted and recorded for the use of others. Up to the present year this has been slow work. During the past 12 months several thousand have been definitely classified. Dr. J. H. Bassler of the Smithsonian Institu- tion has directly supervised the identification of several hundred. The practicability of the work fs shown by the fact that students of Dr. Bass- ler have been able to perform seem- ing miracles in the location of ofl deposits. The most notable new oil area to.be discovered recently—that in northern Tounessee—was de- duced largely through these micro- scople studies. Stady Alaskan Arctic Coast. The Arctlc expedition of Dr. Philip S. Smith of the Geological Survey, one of the most adventurous ev undertaken by a Government service, has greatly increased human knowl- edge of the Arctic coast of Alaska. Government geologists this Sum- mer have explored the most marvel- ous and largest cave known to man, the Carlsbad cavern in New Mexico. The results of this exploration, which led to a new insight into these under- ground formations, will be publish- ed in the near future. Medicine’s Greatest Feat. In medical sclence the year has seen the culmination of one of the greatest medical triumphs of all times—the utllization of insulin as a cure for diabetes. The value of in- sulin has been known previously, but the treatment has been difficult and expensive. Through the work of two Canadian doctors the drug has been brought within the reach of every sufferer. It {s not an absolute cure, United States Public Health officlals say, but an exceedingly valuable method of treatment. Next in importance s rated the work on scarlet fever by Drs. George and Gladys Dick of the McCormick Institution of Chicago. This disease has become comparatively mild in the United States during the past few years so that it causes few deaths. In Europe, however, its death rate is very heavy. The two Chicago doctors have discovered a means of telling who {s susceptible, how to {m- munize them 5o thai they are prac- tloally protected from ever contract- ing the malady, and they have dis- covered a serum which is considered very valuable in the treatment of actual victims. Two public health surgeons, Drs. Francis and Goldberger, are credited with unusually valuable contributions which have come into éffective use during the past 12 months. The flrltl has removed practically all danger of rabbit fever: The second has shown that pellagra, a disease which has inflicted itself upon thousands in the South, is due to deficiencies in diet and has shown how to effect al- most certain cures. Many Important Discoveries. During the year physicians have realized for the first time the enor- mous importance of Dr. Noguchi work at the Rockefeller Institute— the discovery and isolation of the germ of yellow fever. This ranks in fmportance almost with the work of Walter Reed in discovering the means by which yellow fever is carried. Immunization from diptheria, al- though the method has been known for the past five years, has just come intq its own. It is very effective in cutting down the death rate. In surgery the most {mportant de- velopment has been the introduction into general hospitals of the new anesthetic, ethylene, which promises %o replace both ether and chloroform. Not only is it safer and easier to in- hale, but it leaves practically no un- pleasant after-effacts. A measles preventative serum has been used widely with exoellent ef- fects in Europe. Two treatments for tuberculosis havs Le JWarT FEWKES, Smith sonidru, Institutions. PURTON E LIVINGSTON, Secretar mmfuu K W.E.HILLEBRAND, Bureau ofStandards Science Meetings The names of the societies asso- clated with the American Assocla- tion for the Advancement of Sci- ence which will meet here efther stmultaneously or in direct ‘eon+ junction with the association and the headquarters here are as fol- lows: American Mathematical Soclety, Franklin Square Hotel. Mathematical Association of America, Franklin Square Hotel American Physical Soclety, the Lee House. American Meteorological Soclety, meeting place unannounced. American Astronomical Soclety, Powhatan Hotel. Association of American Geog- raphers, Powhatan Hotel. Seismological Society of Amer- fca, headquarters not announced. American Geographical Soclety, headquarters not announced. National Council of Geography ‘Teachers, Powhatan Hotel. American Alpine Club, headquar- ters not announced. American Society of Zoologists, Hotel Raleigh. Entomological Soclety of Amer- ica, Harrington Hotel. American Association of Eco- nomic Entomologists, Harrington Hotel. Eugenics Research Association, headquarters not announced. American Soclety of Mammalo- gists. headquarters not announced. ‘Wilson Ornithological Club, head- quarters not announced. Botanical Soclety of America, New Ebbitt Hotel. American_Phytopathological So- ciety, New Ebbitt Hotel. American Soclety of Plant Physt- ologlsts, New Ebbitt Hotel. American Fern Soclety, head- quarters not announced. American Soclety of Naturalists, Hotel Raleigh, - Ecological Soclety of America, headquarters not announced. American Genetic Association, headquarters not announced. i American Microscopical Soclety, headquarters not announced. American Nature Study Society, headquarters not announced. American Anthropological Asso- clation, Willard Hotel. - American Folk - Lore. Soclety, Willard Hotel. American Psychological Associa- tion, Burlington Hotel. American Civic = Assooiation, headquarters mot ‘anpounced. utflemo Association, Willard Ho- American Psylological Society, Washington . Hotel. Soclety of American Bacteriofo- ts, Ralelgh Hotel. 5 American Society for Pharm e —— which still are In the -experimental stage, but which show some promise of removing one of the most dreadsd scourges of mankind. Dr. Calmette of the Pasteur Institute of Paris has 'vised a preventative vaccirie which administered to children of tuber- culous parents who might be expect- ed to inherit the disease. It is pre- sumed to render them immune. ' The Pasteur Institute dootors say that 20 years will be required—enough time for the children to pass the age of Ereatest dahger from the white plague—before anything definitely can be stated for the method, ‘The second, which if the claimis for it are true may-‘be one of the most sensational medical developments in history, is the injection of a serum ACcntigued on Tenth Pageld WILL TAKE PROMINENT PART IN CONVENTION HERE CAPT.JPAULT, - Qom. Non -magnel e AR ‘Dr. J.H.DELLINGER,, chiefof Radio Bureaw of Standards Lombs A.BPAUER, Jerrestrial Magnetism.. Here This Week cology ana Experimental Thera- peutics, Washington Hotel American Society of Blological Chemists, Inc., Washington Hotel. American Society for Experi- mental Pathology, Washington Hotel. American Society of Agronomy, headquarters not announced. Soclety of American Foresters, Harrington Hotel. American Soclety for Horticul- tural Sclence, Harrington Hotel. Assoclation of Official Seed Analysts, Willara Hotel. Potata Association of America, Raletgh Hotel. American Federatiin of the Teachers of the Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Central High School. Phi Delta Kappa Fraternity, headquarters not announced. Soclety of Sigma Xi, Willard Hotel. American Assocation of Univer- sity Professors, Hamilton Hotel. Gamma Alpha Graduate Sclen- tific Fraternity, Ralelgh Hotel. Gamma Sigma Delta Sorority, headquarters not announced. American Physiological Society,’ ‘Washington Hotel. American_Political Sclence As- sociation, Willara Hotel. History of Science Powhatan Hotel. Wid Flower Preservation So- clety of America, headquarters not announced. Crop Protection Instftute, Franklin Square Hotel. Phi Mu Epsilon Mathematical Fraternity, Willard Hotel. Phi Sigma Biological Research Soctety, Willard Hotel Sigma Delta Epsilon Woman's Sclentific Soclety, quarters not announced. There are.a score or more other associations identified with the American Associatlon for the Ad- vancement of Sclence that either wil] not meet at all this season or will gather {n other cities. A num- ber in the latter class are to con- vene in Ithica, N. Y., Baltimore and Seattle. Society, Graduate head- DR.GEO.L.STREETER. 1 (Carnegie Institutiown of ashington. BACHRACH. CHARLES GREELEY i ABBOT, Astronaomist. ALTER HOUGH, » Anthropotody. el ion®{ Museum ANCIENT JEWELRY PLACED ON DISPLAY National Geographic Society Shows Objects Found in New Mexico. A special exhibition of antiques from the prehistoric Pueblo Bonito, obtained by the National Geographic Society during recent explorations in New Mexieo, is heing held in the Hall of American Archeology, in the New National Museum Building. Although comprising only a small portion of the collection recovered in this par- ticular operation, the speclal exhibi- tlon is being held to meet the nu- merous requests from local members of the Geographic Soclety. What is said to be the most inter- esting exhibit {s a turquoise neck- lace and two pairs of large turquoise ear pendants. The latter are believed the only ones of the kind ever found in an anclent American ruin. There are many other personal ornaments. The National Geographic Society's explorations in Pueblo Bonito are be- ing conducted under the personal di- rection of Neil M. Judd, curator of American_archeology, United States National Museum. A permanent and much larger exkhibition of Bonitian antiquities, it is announced, wili he held next Winter, upon conclusion of the explorations now in progress. S Fortune in “Wishbone.” CHEHALIS, Wash., December 27.— B. A. Graetinger pulled a turkey wishbone with a guest Thanksgiving day, winning the lucky break. No one knows the wish Graetinger made, but this week he received word to hasten to Skagway, Alaska, to help hold down a gold claim which Ted Carson, prospector, had located in the interior. 10 Saleswomen Wanted For our special sale of Hart Schaffner & Marx Coats for Wom- en. Unless experienced in selling to a high-grade clientele, please do not apply. Permanent positions if satisfactory. Applicantsshould be at the store between 8 and 9 o’clock tomorrow morning—and those se- lected will go to work at once. Raleigh Haberdasher Thirteen-Ten F. Street Inc. Women's Dept., Third Floor |{NOTED SCIENTISTS GATHER HERE IN 483 SEPARATE CONVENTIONS Achievements in Various Fields of Research to Be Reviewed by Specialists—Many Impres- sive Exhibits Planned. (Continued from First Page.) at 3:20 o'clock. J. McKeen Cattell of Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y., presi- dent of the association, will preside. Becretary of State Hughes will de- liver the main address, selecting as bis topic, “Some Aspects of Inter- national Co-operation.” Dr. Walcott to Speak. Dr. Charles D. Walcott, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and retiring president of the association, will speak on “Sclence and Service.” Immediately following the inaugural session a reception to the visiting delegates will be held in the Na- tlonal Museum. The reception will be tendered the visitors by the local committee, which arranged the con- vention detalls. Six other general sessions will be beld in addition to possibly a hun- dred or more sectional meetings. The second gemeral session will be called to order at 4 o'clock Tuesday after- noon in the auditorium of the Na- tional Museum. At this meeting Dr. Austin H. Clark of the Smithsonlan Institution, & member of the Navy Department’s advisory committes on oceanography, will deliver an illus- trated lecture on “The Navy's Ocean- ographic Program. ‘The third general session will con- vene at 8:45 o'clock the same evening in Memortal Continental Hall and will be devoted to the third annual “Sigma Xi Lecture,” held under the joint auspices of the Society of Sigma X1 and the association. The speaker will be Dr. Frederick Fuller Russell, general director of the International Health Board. Lecture om Expleration. Dr. Walcott will deliver a lscturs on “Geological Explorations in the Canadian Rockies” at the fourth gen- eral session. which will convene in the auditorium of the National Mu- seum at 4 o'clock Wednesday after- noos. Through the medium of the camera Dr. Walcott will help his audience enjoy the beauty and adven- ture of exploration in remete moun tain wildernesses. Dr. Edward E. Slosson, who was a member of the expedition that took a trip through the West immediately following the Toronto meeting of the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science, will be the lecturer at the meeting at Memorial Conti- nental Hall at 8:30 o'clock Wednes- day evening. Some motlon pictures taken on that trip will be shown. The scientists will celebrate New Year day by continuing to work with- out cessation. .Two general sessions are scheduled for that day, the first at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, In the auditorium of the National Museum, and the second at 8:30 o'clock in the same place, which will be the closing general session of the convention. Astronemer to Speak. Prof. A. E. Douglass, director of the observatory of the University of Arizona, will speak at the afternoon session. He has chosen astronomy as the subject of his lecture, illustrat- ed with pictures taken on the Univer- sity of Arizona eclipse expedition of September 1923. The lecture will be presented in an easily understood style so that fts meaning will not be confined to astronomer: One of the most interesting lectures of the convention will be that of Dr. Willis T. Lee of the United States Geological Survey on the closing night. He will speak on “Explora. tions in the Carlsbad Caverns of Ne Mexico.” His illustrations will in- clude motion pictures obtained in the caverns by means of flares. The pic- tures will show hitherto unpenetrated caves. The annual prize of the association will be awarded for the second time at the meeting to be held here. The prize amounts to $1,000 20d is award- ed to a person, salected by a commit- tee appointed by the council of the association, who has presented during the meeting a notable contribution to the advancement of sclence. Awmrd to Be Continued. The wiuner will possibly be an- nounced at the oconcluding session Thursday evening. The prize was in- ugurated last year and s to be con- tinued for at least five more years. Funds for the prizes have been given to the assoclation by one of its mema bers, who made the stipulation thag his name should be withheld. The general officers of the assoclae tion are as follows: Presid J. Mce Keen Cattell, Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y.; retiring president, Charles I, Walcott, Smithsonian Instituti Washington; permanent secreta. Burton E. Livingston, Johns Hopking University, Baltimore (association mail address, Smithsonlan Institution Building, Washington eral sec. rertary, D. T. MacDougal, Desert Laboratory, Tucson, Arlz.; treasurer, R. 8. Woodward (deceased); assi ant secretary, ¥rancis D. Murnagh Johns Hopkins University, Balti more; assistant treasurer, John I, Wirt, Carnegie Institution of W; ington, Washington; secretary of tha council, Sam F. Trelease, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky.; execuy tive assistant, Sam Woodley, Smith~ sonian Institution Bullding, Was ington. The main committees that h had charge of arranging the vention consisted of the follo persons: Local committes Washington meeting: Willlam Mather Lewis, chairman, president of George Washington University; C. G. Abbot, secretary, Smithsonfan In Gilbert H. Grosvenor, pr the National Geographic Vernon Kellogg, permanent tary of the National Research Coun ail; John C. M 1am, president the Carnegie I itution of Wa Ington; David White, home secratary of the National Academy of Sclence and senfor geologist, Geologlca Survey. United States Department of the Interior. Committes ments for for the fifty on the special arra fifth Wa lbert, on rrows, chalrman, Washingto natio Re 1 Brockett, Na of Sclences; Aust! United States Nati h Miller, George W W. J. Showalter, Society; Henry secretary, Ca Washington Ca . lark, Museum; Hu ington TUnive tional Geograp comm negle Institution te. of Plan Mount Ararat Resort American capital is reported inte ested in converting Mount Ararat ir a pleasure resort. It is on the pea of Mount Ararat that history pietures the Ark as finding a resting pl Few mountains of the world are as well known as Ararat, because of is Biblical associations. SEVENTH STREET s ad b SINGLE~ BREASTED BREASTED EHIS is a very opportune time to get your overcoat, if you are looking for quality at an attractive price. Here are stocks of overcoats that sold for $50, $55, $60 and $65 — fancy overcoats — overcoats that you can well be proud of, for they represent all that Saks and Company demand in their clothing. They are of the highest grade fabrics and practically all hand tailored. The assortment is quite extensive, consisting of all the popular models cut from fabrics of unquestionable reputation. There is no res- ervation in this assortment of $50, $55, $60 and $65 coats, so come prepared to select the over- coat you desire. 350 and 355 Coats, *39 360 and *65 Coats, 45 Saks & Company—Third Floor