Evening Star Newspaper, August 27, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR *__With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY. ..August 27, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES ...Editor ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office. 11th St. and Pennsylvanis Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. Buropean Oftice: 16 Regent St.,London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, ia delivered by carriers within the city af 60 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sunday only. 20 cents per imonth.” Orders may be sent by mail or tele- ‘Dhone Main 5000. Collection is made by car- riers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo. Daily only r., §6.00 ; 1 mo,, 60c Sunday only .... r., $2.40; 1 mo,, 20c All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only ......1¥r, $7.00;1 mo., 60c Sunday only 1yr., $3.00;1mo, 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- Datches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news pub lished “herein. Al rights of publication of special dispaiches herein are also reserved. Street Widening Plans. A public hearing will be held on the 5th of next month on the subject of widening five thoroughfares to pro- vide more room for vehicular traffic. These are K street between Four- teenth and Sixteenth; Tenth street from F to Massachusetts avenue. Eleventh street from E to G, M street from Twenty-ninth to Thirty-fifth, and Bladensburg road from H street to the end of the asphalt. Some of these strects are in urgent need of resurfacing, and if the Commissioners conclude, on a full hearing of the case, to include them in the widening program, opportunity will be had to do this repair work simultancously. But the paving question is sub- ordinate to the major matter of street widening. Recently, as a result of a petition presented to Congress, Thirteenth street between ¥ and 1 was widened, this the sacrifice of shade mistake of judgment on the petitioners angd sidewalks cut trees. By a the part of Congress the were down too nar- rowly, the work has been pended pending revision of the plan and provision of & bond covering the cost in case Congress not ap- prove the change in dimension: Mcanwhile the street is in a very bad condition, and traflic, for which the widening was proposed, has been seriously impeded The experience ‘Thirteenth street to ascertain the wishes before Congress is asked for author- ity to make the change in width. But more is involved than the matter of relative pavement and sidewalk widths. The present proposal is to increase the traffic space, and this involves the whole traffic problem. Are the streets named in this sched- ule to be widened in order to pro- vide more room for moving vehicles, or to give more room for parked cars? All save the Bladensburg road are ‘within the so-called congested district, in which a time limit is in theory put upon parking. If the present rule against allday parking in this area is enforced, as it should be, the widening of the streets will not re- lieve the parkir situation. If the rule is not fully enforced, as at present, the street widening will merely give more room for moving traffic betwcen the lines of stationary vehicles. - Since the Thirteenth street work was started, and especially since the recent and instantly repudiated pro- posal to use Franklin square as a parking area, a strong public senti- ment has been expressed against any further spoliation of Washington's chief beauty, its shade trees. On K street, especially, would the street widening cause a sacrifice of trees. It is argued there, however, that as K street has a double line of trees, the removal of the inner rows would leave the street still bowered. But there is fear lest this process, already started on Thirteenth street, may continue as the traffic question be- comes more acute. All these considerations will be developed at the hearing on the 5th of September. It is to be hoped that every interest will be represented on that occasion and well voiced. This 1s a question in which all Washing- ton is interested, motor owmers, motor dealers, those who have no motors, and in general citizens who retain a pride in the appearance of the Capital. There are really no antagonisms, though some of the interests conflict. The true solution of this problem of Washington's traffic will not be reached tiough the undue pressing of selfish points of view, but will be attained after a careful balancing of all the factors. ‘The Commissioners must decide in order to make a report to Congress ‘which will be the basis of legislative action. ————— TUndesired voters may yet compel the La Folleste-Wheeler managers to Mevise a system for issuing permits. and sus- does| in the matter of makes it advisable of the citizens The Last of the Whalers. The last of the old squarerigged wWhalers of New Bedford has gone to her final rest. The old bark Wanderer that set forth Monday from that port on what was planned to be her final voyage in .the South Atlantic was driven by a storm upon Cattyhunk Island and wrecked. When she Stranded she quickly began to break, and hope of saving her was aban- ddfied and her crew took to the boats. #Ehis old ship, which was built about 40 years ago, had for some time passed out of active service. Several seasons back she was featured in a motion picture, but there was little demand for her as a “star’” in the movies, and she has remained idle at her berth at New Bedford since. Finally her skipper, Capt. Edwards, decided to take a chance on one more voyage. She was refitted with a new brick’ oven under the trypots abaft the foremast, and other equipment for taking the whales and preparing e blubber was provided. A good crew was engaged, and when the ‘Wanderer set forth on Monday she ‘was given quite & ceremonious send- off.- Old-time seafarers were there td| process invalving | bid her Godspeed. There were prob- ably tears in the eyes of some of those old salts as they saw this last relic of a once proud whaling fleet put out amid the modern traffic of what the old salts still with scorn call “tea kettles.” There is a tragedy beck of the last voyage of the Wanderer, the tragedy of a lost industry. A generation or 80 ago the whaling ships of New Bed- ford were wonder-craft for stoutness and speed. They went out on their voyage, sometimes for a year or two, and were not heard of for many months, for their hunt lay in the remoter waters of the Atlantic and the Pacific, off the lanes of trade. When they returned with full holds they were given a rousing greeting. Their arrival made holiday for the port. Great fortunes were made in those times; wonderful adventures were had by their skippers and crews. Those were the days when ships were manned by real sailors, true navi- gators, hardy seamen, professional craftsmen of the deep. Seamanship was a heritage. Whaling was a fam- ily following. The whalers became known throughout the world. Their names were recorded in the logs of the ships of all nations. When steam came, whaling lost its picturesqueness. Later, with the use of gasoline, it became pure commer- cialism. No longer the cry, “A dead whale or a stove boat” was heard on board. It was plain and comparatively simple mechanical hunting and kill- ing. The whale had a chance in the old times, but there is no chance for the great animal fish in the modern motor-boat pursuit. So the Wanderer has gone, the last of the whalers of the old type. The pity is that she could not have made this final voyage with success, then to be preserved as a relic of an indus- try that has gone never to return. —r——————— Two New Ambassadors. President Coolidge has chosen two men of eminent capacity for the posts of Ambassador to Mexico and Am- bassador to Japan. In Mr. James R. Sheffield of New York, assigned to the former post, and in Mr. Edward A. Bancroft of Chicago to the latter, he | has secured the services at highly important capitals of men who, though not previously engaged in diplomatic duty, are neverthe fitted by their training and acquaint- ance with public questions for this duty. Both men are lawyers who have won distinction at the bar. The; have both been active in the con- sideration of national questions. Under the American diplomatic system it has been necessary to draft for service men without technical ex- perience to head legations and em- bassies. It has been the good fortune of this Government in these selections to be represented by capable envoys. perhaps more efficient in their broad dealings with other governments than if they had been trained in the routine and technique of the diplo- matic service. The average Ameri- can citizen, professional or business man, is competent for such duty, through education, through partici- pation in public affairs and through steadfast interest in the major ques- tions of government and foreign relations. At both Mexico City and Tokio the situation is one of delicacy if not difficulty. At Mexico City much has been accomplished toward the estab- lishment of sound relations through the invaluable service of Mr. Warren, who has just retired. His successor will find a firm foundation there established for the continuance of cordial feeling. At Tokio the case is somewhat different. A new act of Congress relating to immigration has aggrieved the Japanese people, and a strong anti-American sentiment has developed in that country which it will be the task of the American Ambassador to allay as far as pos- sible. He will, of course, be cour- teously received by the Japanese government. His duty will be largely to soften the asperity with which the people of Japan view the United States. Mr. Bancroft has made a study of race questions in this country, and has served also es a member of a commission named by France to study colonial administra- tion. Thus he will take to Tokio an equipment of understanding which will probably serve him in good stead at that post. ——a———————— Brief interjections during the re- marks of Herriot before the French Senate disclose a tendency on the part of Poincare to revive the politi- cal custom of heckling. —_————— Nobody cares whether or not President Coolidge pitched a heavy forkful of hay. The fact that there was a crop proves his family’'s agri- cultural status. two ‘With ideas at work on both sides of the ocean, Mr. Charles Dawes is per- haps the most cosmopolitan carh- paigner that ever came before the public. Parliament’s rejection of Lady Astor’s portrait will make little difference with history that concerns itself with the substance and not the. shadow. Champion Somersaulter. In the picture section of a recent issue of The Star was a reproduction of a photograph showing & man on his back and his feet upraised as though turning a somersault, which is the same thing boys used to call & “summerset.” Beneath the picture was this: “Takkenberg, & Dutchman, is turning somersaults from Amster- dam, Holland, to Marseille, France, a distance of 1,500 kilometers. He expects to turn more than 2,000,000 times on his trip, thereby winning a wager. The trip is half over.” Count- ing & meter as 39.37 inches, a kilo- meter is one thousand times that or 1,093 yards. Multiply it by 1,500 and the miles mount. When a man sets out to somersault his way along the hard public highways for that distance the popular inference is that he has given more atterition to athletics than to other forms of edu- cation, and that his neck and back are stronger than his—well, let us not cast & stone at the mental state of this brave tumbler, Mr. Takkenberg is ambitious. He means to be famous if he has to somersault his way to fame. A man of such ambition and a man who will work 8o hard for fame should have a niche in any hall of fame. Indeed, he should have a room and private bath in such an institution. Let us not be too quick to question the reason and reasonableness of this tumbler. We do things ourselves which may seem surprising to some of the people of Europe. Now and then we have an American who has his picture taken while rolling a peanut from New York to San Francisco, and another American seeks fame by pushing a wheelbarrow from Portland, Me., to Portiand, Ore. Also, perhaps you remember that we had "six-day foxtrots and that occa- sionally we have a pie-eating con- test. All the funny people are not in foreign countries. Some of them have come to the United States, and we seem to read most about them in dog days. - Senator Ball's Defeat. Defeat of Senator L. lHeisler Ball of Dalaware for renomination means that the District will lose the services of this good friend as chairman of the Senate District committee in the next Congress. This is 4 matter of regret, for Senator Ball has devoted himself to the welfare of the National Capital with energy and comprehensive understanding of the District's needs. Readily accessible to citizens who have gone to him to present their views of local questions, he has given a willing ear to petitions and argu- ments. He has studied the local situa- tion thoroughly, and has handled diffi cult problems courageously and wisely, The District has had a good friend in him at the head of this im- portant committee. Back of him in line for promotion to the District chairmanship, should he care to take that assignment, is Senator Jones of Washington, who, with longer service in the Senate, has had an extended acquaintance with local matters. If Senator Jones does not wish to yield his present chairmanship for the Dis- trict committe®, another good friend of the District is next in line in Sen jator Capper of Kansas, in case he is re-elected in November. e SIS Automobile inventors cannot be classed with men ahead of the times. 1f they had produced motor cars for popular use before the big cities were constructed the work of providing parking facilities would be much caster. = T The fascinations of the campaign 0 not swerve Mr. Will Hays from his onerous task of making the movies so decorous that no candidate need feel the slightest hesitation about in- trusting himself to the camera man. el Mr. Darrow puts in an eloquent plea for the children of the rich. Many of them manage to get on fairly well, especially it they have the benefit of first-rate legal talent. ey Much is expected of the airplane, but the space it requires for & land. ing leaves little hope that it will ever assist the authorities in solving the parking problem. S It Leopold 'and Loeb could have had the benefit of a few talks with Clarence Darrow before they selected their reading matter they might have been spared much sorrow. L T e The demand of Mr. John W. Davis for common honesty sounds like a happily and appropriately modern- ized version of the Golden Rule. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Too Bad. From Mars we didn't get a word; And that's too bad! Conditions have again deferred The tidings glad. ‘We thought our many problems queer ‘Would all be solved in language clear. But not an answer did we hear. And that's too bad! ‘We must keep guessing as of yore; And that's too bad! On what the future holds in store— Gay hours or sad. No planet in the distant skies ‘Will teach us to become so wise That we can loaf and win a pri: And that’s too bad! Garbled, but Pertinent. “You want to get down to brass tacks in this campaign.” “I mean to.” answered Senator Sorghum. “But I vaguely recall a very highly respected admonition to the effect that he who scatters brass tacks for his neighbors must keep a sharp lookout lest he sit on one him- self.” Improvement. In Texas very long ago The politicians fierce would grow; But now we're glad to see them strike A pace thats much more ladylike. Jud Tunkins says there has been S0 many insinuations about his be- ing descended from monkeys that he's getting bashful about ordering a piece of cocoanut pie. The Important Conclusion. ‘They say, who venture in the sky. Success in any flight Depends much less on flying high Than on the way you light. With Legal Assistance. “I don’t believe psychoanalysis has practical efficiency of any kind.” “I do,” rejoined Miss Cayenne. “In several instances it has been known to prolong life.” Not So Bad. A docile bonehead’s not so bad If he in plodding will persist. He's_rather luckier than the lad ‘Who needs a psychoanalyst. “It's wrong to git mad if somebody don’t agree wif you,” said Uncle Eben. “You may change yoh yohse't one o' dese days.” IN TODAY’S SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The war between Spain and the R tribe of Morocco grows more threatening to Spain and may over- turn even the diotator, Gen. Primo de Rivera—If not the dynasty itself. There is no countrv which so com- pletely illustrates the changing con- ditions of government as does Spain— not because Spain changes, but rather because she stands like a milepost beside the highway along which all the world is progressing. Spain holds in high esteem old- tashioned “glory,” and the idea of imperial conquest in her colonial acquisitions. She is the greatést of all failures as a colonizing kingdom. For 15 years she has been in active and costly warfare to hold possession of a strip of rocky.coast and desert and mountains in Africa. This limit- ed strip is peopled by a seml-bar- barous tribe of Moslems, who hide in their mountain fastnesses and harass any forces sent against them. In 1921 the Riffs completely routed a great Spanish army, and Spain has only recently completed the military trial of the officors of the defeated regiments. For the glory of her past, she simply court-martials defeated generals, but continues to pour out her treasury and sacrifice her best fighting columns. Spain remained neutral in the World Waf and amassed wealth because of her neutrality. At the same time, she burdened her people with excessive axes, that she might continue her war of conquest against the Riffs, who fought desperately to de- fend their independence and liberty. Now other tribes have joined the Riffs, and Spain, with an army of 100,000 in Moroceo, is calling for more reinforcements. The King con- tributes a flag and a farewell speech to each departing regiment, but there no popular enthusiasm, and states- men, including the dictator, Gen Prima de Rivera, who has held all power for nearly a Yyear concede that the Riff crisis Is the greatest problem confronting his country. King Alfonso plays the monarch and visits his fellow monarch, the King of Ttaly, so that France and England grow suspicious of the rapproche- ment of Spain and Ttaly-—possibly against the interest of rance and Kngland—but De Rivera still holds the premiership and virtually gives orders to the throne while he is baf- fled by the barbarous Riffs across the strait. The Rift war cost Spain $400,000,000 in the last 15 years. What will be the end? PR The beginning of the story of B ropean nations in North Afric: o far as modern diplomacy is con ned, dates back to 1881, when France launched a series of campaigns of conquest—the first against Tunis, over which she established a protec- torate with ill-defined boundaries. Spain soon followed with a protecto- rate over a narrow section of North Morocco, opposite Gibralter, and it was not long before acute boundary disputes arose between France and Spain. Real trouble began, however, when Kaiser Wilhelm II, in the early years of this century, looked with jealousy upon France's colonial expansion, and undertook to stir up resistance amongst the African tribes. War between France and Germany threat- ened, and a conference at Algeciras, Spain, was called (1906), in which the following countries participated, with the view to a general settlement: Morocco, France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the United States. Our country participated because bandits had captured certain naturalized Americans. This conference of Algeciras “set- tled” the boundary dispute between France and Spain by decreeing that the two countries should police the boundary jointly, and hold adminis- trative offices alternately—a mixed compromise almost certain to lead to future friction. Germany agreed to relinquish all claims in Morocco and Algiers to France, In exchange for other territory in Africa, which was in dispute at The Hague. Since then the old quarrel was reopened between France and Germany, nearly leading to war, but the sacrifice of all her colonies’ in the World War has now eliminated Germany altogether. 'The entire Spanish claim in_ Morocco (which covers only a small part of Morocco), was decreed to Spain on condition that she maintain it against the inhabitants. But the inhabitants have never been conquered, either by Spain or any other overlords. * % % % The Rifts have learned to fight by modern methods. Their soldiers have been trained by English officers. They use airplanes and bombs. The Span- iards claim that the Riffs arearmed by munition firms of all the great powers. Spain, too, uses the most terrifying of modern weapons; last month Spaniards reported having bombed 400 native villages, destroy- ing not only the homes, but mass- acreing the women and children as well as the soldiers in the garrisons. Dictator—or premier—Gen. Primo De Rivera is seeking to re-establish Spanish prestige after recent defeats, and will then offer terms of settle- ment, agreeing to withdraw from all inland posts and fortifying only the seaports. It is not assured that the enemy will accept the terms or any terms except complete withdrawal, and the militarists of Spain will not listen to any such retreat. In the meanwhile Dictator de Rivera, who seized the power over Spain last Fall by force of arms and abolished the Cortes, the parllament of Spain, and suspended the constita- tion, is still in control. King Alfonso, fearing for his throne, has recently legalized the Rivera cabinet by issue- ing decrees appointing all the min- isters, with De Rivera as premier. They ‘are responsible directly to the King, and not the Cortes, as the constitution provides. No reassem- bling of the Cortes has been decreed, but all political prisoners have been given amnesty, at the will of the dictator, sanctioned by the King. Thus tho King becomes the legal head of the revolution which suspends the constitution he swore to uphold. I"or what great stake is Spain fighting? The officials in power con- gratulate the country, that while continueing its 15-vear war with the the budget deficit of 1922 wa. 20,000,000 petetas and for 1923 00,000 pesetas. What is the end of all this struggle, aside from stubborn pride? * ¥ * ¥ A rumor is extant in diplomatic cir- cles that there is a greater trade pending than when France traded other territory to Germany and re- tained her hold on Tunis. This is said to be a dream of Spanish patriots. It is that when Spain will have accom- plished an undisputed title to Ceuta, the port in Morocco opposite Gibraltar and within twenty miles of that frowning fortification, she may be able to trade it to Great Britain for that famous rock. According to strat- egists this shocking proposal ma. not be o impossible as it seems, i view of modern changes in warfare. Heretofore Gibraltar has been the key to the Mediterranean—the high- way to Egypt and India and the Far East; today .military authorities es- teem Ceuta, as a base for submarines, to be of more value than the rocky prominence across the strait. For Spain to re-possess Gibraltar, regardless of its practical defense value, would be more glory to the King who achieved it then the conquest of a continent. From that standpoint, say the diplomats who claim to under- stand, it becomes clearer why Spain continues to pour out her millions, bankrupt her treasury, endanger her dynasty, by fighting an unconquer- able tribe, for possession of an im- poverished desert. Spain Is fighting, they say, not for Africa, but for Gi- braltar. (Copyright. Anglo-Russian Treaties Suggest Real Trouble When Premier MacDonald signed two treaties with Delegate Rakavsky of Soviet Russia, he started wide dis- cussion in his own country as well as in the American press. In return for Russia’s recognition of her public debt in principle, he had agreed to a government loan for that country and granted diplomatic immunity to a number of Russian trade delega- tions. The Soviet has won two substantial concessions in return for what seems to be none at all, for the public debt had already been recognized. And, although the editors of this country believe English labor may benefit by further employment, they fear the premier has taken a step which may spell his doom. THe reason for Premier MacDonald's willingness to come to terms with Russia is generally supposed by the American press to be summed up in these words from the Ohio State Journal: “England has an unemploy- ment situation that is breaking down the morale of the workers. The la- bor men would be anxious to better it with a development of trade. Rus- sia has material for which she seeks a market. England has workmeu and seeks raw material that labor may be utilized and trade possibili- ties developed.” Dissatistaction with what is thought to be the outcome of the conference is already evident in England. Lloyd George rushed into the fray immedi- ately with a biting attack on the government and particularly on “Mr. Ponsonby’s statement that both gov- ernment debts and intervention claims are ‘written down for the time and put in cold storage’” ac- cording to the New Orleans Times- Pieayune. In fact, the very signing of the treaties may hasten the end of the MacDonald Labor ministry, the American press predicts. For Parlia- ment must approve or abrogate the treaties and “the premier has ex- pressed a willingness to consider the vote on this issue as one of confidence or lack of confidence in his govern- ment,” recalls the Cleveland Plain Dealer, which the Columbus Dispatch feels, “this may turn out to be the question on which the MacDonald government will stretch to the break- ing point the very weak tie which gives it enough Liberal support to remain in power.” * * x % The Chicago Tribune, convinced of Lloyd George's desire to return to leadership, sums up the situation: “If the treaties are signed and workid, this will not be the issue which can return him to power. On the con- trary, the Labor party will obtain far greater strength than it has yet en-, joyed. If the treaties are not ap- proved by the Commons, or do not work, Labor will meet its most seri- ous test and may be expected to fall.” On the other hand, “MacDonald’s friends are sure he can command a majority of the House of Commons for such a settlement,” the Brooklyn Eagle says, “for the anxiety of the British merchants to have differences straightened out is apparent enough.” Extending to Russia the guarantee often offered to exporters of a large proportion of the risk in opening up European markets, England has made an arrangement which, if it works, “British business will be loath tQ break off,” in the opinion of the Baltimore Sun, which goes on to say that “as the Soviet government main- tains a monopoly on foreign trade and has everything to gain now by making a good impression on British exporters, it is unlikely that the po- litical opposition will get much of a ha_ndle for attack from any Russian failure to PYy for purchases.” The Russians have won a big point, the Pittsburgh Gazette-Times declares, for “they have found that a considerable portion of the vocal Britons are more concerned about a trade agreement than they are about justice,” thus finding “a lever with which they can pry out of the British what they desire.” It, however, seems probable the Soviets will have to “come to heel” if they are to get the money they need, the Newark Evening News points out, for “at the London con- ference the bankers showed how rig- idly they could insist upon making an international loan so secure that it would attract the capital of inves- tors” and “without closely defined se- curity for their loan, they will na- turally be slow to make money ad- vances to Russia.” * * ¥ *x x The settlement with Great Britaln suggests Russia’s willingness to pay pre-war debts and to compensate for- elgn interests “for some of the losses consequent upon the general confisca- tion of property by the communistic government,” the Charleston Evening | Post explains, adding that “if this is to be the general policy of the Soviet, a new attitude on the part of that institution is indicated, which should lead to general acceptance of the communist regime as a political power among the nations of the world.” But general sentiment seems rather skeptical of results of the treaties. For, insists the Buffalo News, “the sages of Moscow are great on prom- ises and poor on performance, and they must Drove their ability to fulfill their pledges before they can get the world's confidence.” And it seems probatle that, how- ever honest Russia’s purposes now, considerable loss on the old obliga- tions will be felt, “would appear fore- cast by a treaty chapter In which the British government admits that the financial position of the Russians makes full satisfaction impracticabdle,” according to the. Indianapolis News. The Lansing State Journal believes that Russia will “repudiate any obli- gations on her own part when they come-due, and the British will have difficulty in securing payment of any loan unless there is ample securi- ty_to insure {t.” Yet, with all this comment, the treaties are yet to be seen through to a climax. As the New York Herald- Tribune regards it, “Mr. MacDonald’ statesmen appear to have met all the existing complications by a brilliant essay in evasion. The treaty of com- merce and the general treaty will, in time, be signed, tut for the rest one is left with the feeling that this is an elaborate way of explaining that all the real issues are precisely where they were three months ago.” The New York Times describes the treaties as “not really a settlement, but a postponement,” although, as the New York World polnts out, “in keeping the way open to readjust- ments, which may presumably work themselves out with time, Premier MacDonald has chosen g Wwiser course than attempting to s¢nd all Russia into exile for another. term,”* THIS AND THAT BY C, E. TRACEWELL. One of the greatest indictments against men and women in gencral it seems to me, is that they are not cheerful before breakfast. Any one can put’on a smiling coun- tenance after a warm repast, but it takes a real man or true woman to Set out of bed with a smile. Such a person {s a philosopher greater than Socrates, a preacher more wonderful than Solomon, an optimist who .can give pointers to Dr. Frank Crane and Orrison Swett Marden. Wonderful, cheerful ome! In the home where you exist the entire family is blessed, although mnot a member will give you credit. Like many of the best things of life, you carry your own reward with you. * kX % “Look cheerfully upon me.” Sometimes one feels like amending hli;!.!hlkeweare by adding: “Or not at all Just why this universal grouchiness before breakfast it is hard to say. It would take two doctors, a couple of honest psycho-analysts and maybe three efficiency experts to solve the problem, with the results in doubt even then, for experts often cannot simplify a thing half as well as the application of common sense by some average person who has no particular ax to grind in the world. What a cheerful world this would be, if the ax grinders could be elim- inated. There would be a national prohibtion worth while! As it is, the ax grinders in polities, business, literature, life, grind away assidu- ously, spending their spare time whetting their ~grindstones, sending out sparks that enthrall only them- selve Everybody has got a panacea for something or other. Every man you meet has wedded himself to a few convictions about something, so that there is no earthy good in talking to him about them. Here i3 one thing in which marriage means something. When a man is married to an idea he does not need any gold ring or wed- ding license or solemn pledges to keep him true. No man ever has been divorced from his pet ideas yet. * x ox x Cheerfol at morn. be wakes from short repowe, Breathes the keen air, and carols as he goes. Few there are who answer to this description. Ask any woman. Many wives fail, too, in preserving the matinal cheer. As for children, they are just as apt to be sulky in the morning as their elders. Getting out of bed in the morning is not a pleasant task, when all is said and done. Something essentially irksome hangs about it, as if this coming back to consciousness were not altogether pleasing to the awak- ening soul. Oh, sleep. it is a gentle thing, Beloved from pole to pole. Here is a mystery second to none in our daily life, one we experience at least once every 24 hours, yet com- monly never stop to consider at all. Sleep has been described as a little death, and it is true that while we are in it we know nothing of our- selves or what is going on around us. When a man is asleep he has ceased to exist in so far as he him- self is concerned. Dreams signify nothing. When one realizes he is dreaming a dream, as often is the case, he no longer is asleep, but wak- ing. The soul seems to resent being ushered back into the full tide of consciousness. Animals order this awakening process better than we do. When a cat wakes it takes a good stretch, gets up leisurely and starts its renewed enjoyment of life. Man looks sour and feels worse. He refuses to stretch; he simply refuses | to get up. What cares he if the alarm clock rings its back off? He will stay here in bed for a while longer. If he practices that pernicious doc- trine preached by countless genera- tions of well meaning mothers, “springing out of bed,” he upsets his entire nervous equilibrium for the day. More boys have grown up to be train robbers by practicing this form of “getting up” exercise than the world willingly admits. On the other side of the bed, if a man’ eases himself out gingerly, still he is angry with himself and the world, as if this monstrous injustice were leveled at him alone. Yet everybody else is doing it, too. At this same hour thousands are dra ging themselves to their feet with determined air, in the “do-or-dle” spirit. * % x % Yet, surely, getting up should not leave such a mark on a man. The average person in the National Capi- tal, or anywhere else, with average health and the average amount of funds, the ordinary amount of joys and woes of life, ought to be able to get up with a smile. Perhaps all that is necessary to bring about a great reform, one that will mean more to mankind than .many mightier sounding affairs, is to start all of us thinking about this morning problem of cheerfulness. We need to think about getting up as we do about politics, for I am sure it is of much more importance to the average family to meet around the breakfast table with smiling faces than it is for the members thereof to have read the acceptance speeches of President Coolidge and John W. Davis. Yet what have we? at the children; mother is upset because a glass is overturned; the little ones bang each other over the heads and holler all together. This is the normal breakfast procedure ‘in countless homes. The young lady of the house sulks over her cereal. The only happy creature in the house is the dog. Down at the office good cheer is lamentably lacking until about 10 o'clock. Men come in solemnly, open their desks, sit down, seem absorbed mostly in themselves. After a while the clouds break up, the sun begins Father growls to shine. Men laugh and joke. * k % ¥ Now, why is this thus? The world all out of tune, and it takes most of us until 10 o'clock each morning to tune it up again! A rather long time to do so simple & thing as smile, if you ask me. A cheerful look makes a dish 8 feast. Remember that at breakfast. That load becomes light which is cheerfully ‘borne. There is nothing that so lightens the world for a husband as a cheel ful wife, or makes life so happy for a wife as a cheerful husband. Let all of us who have sinned resolve from this day forth to smile in the morn- ing. “'Cheer up, the worst is yet to come,” as Philander Johnson said. In a Few Words. One of the most striking contrasts in America is that between the gigantic power of the people and their innafe tende: . Americans undertake the impossible and vet do not exhaust their strength. But he who would arouse this strength to action must know how to play upon the heart-strings. —ARCHBISHOP SOEDERBLOM (Sweden) ‘Worry is the result of poor physi- eal condition rather than the cause of it. —DR. EUGENE LYMAN FISK. One will never know how far pre- tension to be on the same footing as the United States has animated Eng- lish policy since the war. + —M. ANDRE SIEGFRIED. Soclalism is eonnmpi ©of-thespeople, it 3 qualified by Sattery. ED MOND. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q. Why is the part of Alan-a-Dale in “Robin Hood" always played by a woman?—B. L. A. A. De Wolf Hopper says the role of Alan-a-Dale was written for Jessie Bartlett Davis, famous contraito of “The Bostonians”; that precedent and the fact that the score calls for the contralto voice demand that Alan be intrusted to the fair sex. Q. Are the nurses at Johns Hop- kins Hospital allowed to have bobbed hair?—B. A. A. The superintendent of nurses at Johns Hopkins Hospital says that ap- plicants with bobbed hair are not prohibited from entering the train ing school for nurses. However, if they do have short hair, they must wear a net while on duty that the fact may be disguised as much as possible. Q. DId Claude Kitchin oppose our going into the World War?—F. H. F. A. The late Representative Kitchin, Democratic floor leader, voted against the entrance of the United States into the war against Germany, but gave his support to financial and other war measures after it was declared. Q. How does the number of mer- cantile firms in the United States now compare with the number at the time of the Civil War?—R. G. F. A. R. G. Dun & Co. says that in 1866 there were about 160,000 firms in business. The number has increased each year, with the exception of a few years of trade depression until in 19211t was 1,929,304, Q. What would happen if an am- meter were connected across the line in an electrical circuit?—W. P. O. A. The Bureau of Standards says that an ammeter has a very low re- sistance and would cause a short cir- cuit if connected across the line. It would then be a question of which would blow up first, the ammeter or the fuse. Q. Should corn suckers be pulled oft>—T. D. A. Let the corn suckers grow. Leaving them on adds materfally to the yield of both grain and forage. Q. What is the endowment of the Rockefeller Foundation?—F. R. W. A. On January 1, 13924, the pro- ductive funds of the Rockfeller Foundation amounted to $165,321,424, yielding an annual income of $5,- 700,000. Q. What was Harding's electorial vote?—J. M. W. A. Warren G. Harding received 404 votes in the electorial college to 127 for James M. Cox. Q. What is t average size of women's hands?>—L. S. P. A. Women's hands have been grad- ually getting larger for many years, but the growth has been most marked since the war, according to a French glove manufacturer. “A few years ago,” he explains, “there was a fair demand for size 5% gloves for women, and the average was 6% and 6%. To- day there is practically no demand for the smaller size; the average is 6% or 6%, and these are also being cut wider." Q. How many people die annually in the world and in the United States? —N. N. W. A. It is estimated that 35,000,000 people die throughout the world an- nually, and that 70,000,000 are sick. In the United States there are about 1,500,000 deaths a year. Sanitary science has demonstrated that at least one-quarter of these deaths could be postponed, and that 40 per cent of the sickness could be averted. The lead- ing nations of the world are making a united effort to raise the standard of santlation and to stamp out dis- ease. Q. What s libodo?—F. D. W. A. Libido is the term used by Freud and other psychoanalyists to describe the impelling force of our social ac- tivities. His theory is that in the in- fant there are only two forces, those of self preservation and of sex. As the child grows up, the sex force is suppressed, disciplined and turned to other than primitive sex purposes. Thus all of our activities, except those directed toward self-preserva- tion, are believed by the psycho- analysts to be sublimations of the primitive sex energy or libido. Most forms of scientific, literary, artistic philanthropic, political and soclal activity, as well as love and life, are expressions of this urge, cipliaed and trained for the purposes of civilization. Most kinds of in- sanity and perversion are believed to be failures of this force to find coy genial outlets in civilized life, with the result that it reverts to primitive forms or tries to do so. Q. What kind of engines did the ZR-2 have’—K. L. D. A. The power plant of this i11- fated “ship” consisted of six Sunbeam “Cossack” engines of 350 horsepower each. Q. Can a presiding officer vote as a member of a body and have also a casting vote’—B. R. K. A. The casting vote is the final and decisive vote which the law in some cases confers upon the presidir officer In case of a tie vote. rules governing the particular semb’age would govern the right of the officers to vote at all. or to vote only in case of a tie, or to vote as a member of the body and afterward cast a deciding vote Q. Is there any huckleberries S. D. M. A. In New England the di is very clearly drawn. The huckl berry is restricted to plants of the genus Gaylussacia, and contain larg. brittle seeds. The blueberry plied to species of the cinium in which the seeds 3 numerous, are so small that they 4 not noticeable when eaten. The latter is market standpoint Q. ture, tion, difference between and blueber ‘hen was John Trumbull's pic- The Signing of the Declar made. and_ when the Dur: etching?—E. R. H. A. John Trumbull was employ by Congress to paint “The Signinz of the Declaration of Independence in 1817. Asher B. Durand’s etching of this work was made about 1525 Q. What is the meaning of the ter “sul generis”" A. The definition oy the term is merely “Of his. her, its or their own kind; peculiar.” Q. What can b to keep W. L. S. A. Frequent washing of the ice box is important. A small saucer of air slaked lime set in the refrigerator will absorb by food. ut in a refrigera- ree from odors’— odors caus Q. Does aspirin contain a habit forming drug?—F. A. A. The Bureau of Chemistry that aspirin is acetyl salicyli This is not recognized as a h forming drug. Q. What weight should be carried by a horse 1412 hands high and welghing 25 pounds?—M. A. A. The Bureau of al Indus- try says that it would be impossi to say exactly what weight & 825 pounds and standing 141> hands high could bear without inj Such a horse would be considered under- weight and underfed for Arm poses. In any case 150 poun be the extreme weight which horse of this size should carry for any length of time. Q. Can a co White's will ba obtaine A. A certified copy of this will may be obtained from the order depart- ment of the register of wills of courthouse, Washington, D. This will contained but 51 words. It reads: This is my last will. 1 give, bequeath, and devise to my wife, Leita M. White, in complete and perfect ownership, all my rights and prop- erty of every kind and nature, wheth- er real, personal or mixed, wherever situated, appointing her executrix of my estate, without bond and giving her seisin thereof.” (Are you ever hampered for want of information? Do you wonder and blander, through misinformation? This column was instituted to serve @ very apparent need of our readers and its popularity is attested by the thousands who seck information daily. Use this service and learn its possibilities. Address inquiries to The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director. Twenty- first and C streets morthwest. In- close a 2 cent stamp for a direct reply.) RUSSIA SINCE LENIN The truth about that country as it is today, in a series of uncensored articles by an observer who spent months in Russia studying conditions BY SEYMOUR B. CONGER. ARTICLE XXIL ‘The Russian textile syndicate pur- chased this year up to mid-June some 220,000 bales of American cotton, 20,- 000 or more bales of Egyptian cotton, and contemplated, according to pub- lished announcements, importing in all about 400,000 bales, principally American, in the current operating year ending October 1. It hurts ex- ceedingly to have to spend all these millions of dollars on American cot- ton when rigid restriction of imports is the watchword of the hour. The Soviet government is, therefore, de- voting much attention to developing domestic cotton growing to a pitch which will make Russia independent of imported cotton—a goal which the Russian cotton industry was well on the way toward attaining at the out- break of the World War. If and when it is attained, the principal opening for American ex- port trade in Russia will disappear, our other exports to Russia before and since the war consisting chiefly of agricultural implements and com- plicated specialties, like typewriters, cash registers and computing ma- chines, on which America has almost a world monopoly. Russia has in the irrigated or irri- gatible lands in Central Asia and the Caucasus an ideal field for cotton raising, capable of a materially greater yield an acre, as was shown before the war, than in the United States, as yet free from the boll weevil and other pests which sour the life of the American cotton plant- and with an abundanct supply of cheap labor. A large acreage of the cotton lands in semi-arid Turkestan and the Caucasus was already under irrigation before the war, and needs only to have the irrigation reservoirs, canals and ditches restored and re- paired. Projects for irrigating hun- dreds of thousands of acres more, prepared by experienced engineers before the war, are ready for execu- tion whenever the bolshevists find the money to carry them out. Progress Slower Than Anmounced. The progress of Soviet Russia to- ‘ward. cotton ,independence is much slower than bolshevists would like, nd far, far slower than they an- nounce to their deluded followers in thelr official statements about cotton acreage and yield. A few weeks ago, for example, the All-Russian Textile Syndicate put out a statement about the cotton acreage and expected yield in Turkestan and Russian Armenia this year, which, if true, would have made Russia textile industry in its present stage immediately independ- ent of imported cotton, Some 778,000 acres, it announced, would be planted to cotton in these two areas alone, ‘which, with the anticipated yleld of 537 pounds an acre in Turkestan and somewhat less in Armenia, would provide 832,500 bales of cotton. As the total consumption of the Ri n textile plants at the present scale of production is about 600,000 bales, this would relieve Russia of any need for imports, irrespective of the cotton raised in Caucaslan Georgia and Azerbelzhan, where 134,000 acres were to be planted. Both acreage and yield figures were ridiculously padded. Acreage esti- mates of the bolshevist ministry of agriculture, which invariably prove exaggerated, placed the acreage pre- pared for cotton at 60 per cent of the textile syndicate’s figures, and the anticipated yield an acre, which ex- ceeds the record results obtained in Egypt, is about twice as heavy as the yield on irrigated lands in Turkestan before the war. More sober cotton experts, after receiving reports of the acreage actually planted—not e pected to be planted- that this year's Russian cotton crop will prob- ably be only slightly larger than the 186,000 bales raised in 1923, instead of the approximately 1,000,000 bales figured by the textile syndicate from Turkestan, Fergana, Bokhara, Azer- beizhan, Georgia and Armenia. Irrigation System Neglected. Reasons for the delay in getting back to pre-war acreage and produc- tion are found in the neglect of ex- isting irrigation systems during and since the war, in river changes in arid Central Asia, which have left formerly blooming irrigated lands dry, and in the breakdown of grain- moving apparatus which has forced the indigenous population to devote much of the land formerly under cot- ton to ralsing the food which was shipped to them from European Rus- sia and Siberia by the Russian tex- tile interests before the war. The indigenes, too, have had a taste of liberty, and no longer can be exploit- ed as before the war, Bolshevist imagination, capable of considerable flights on this year's crop, gets full swing only when esti- mating the future. One estimate L have eeen places yield from the cot- ton lands already opened to Irriga- tion at more than 2,000,000 bales as soon as the silted-up canals are dug out and the most advantageous usc of avaliable water made, and figures another 3,250,000 bales coming from new areas open to irrigation. As the Russian textile industry before the war consumed only about 2,000,000 biles of cotton a vear, and has since lost a considerable part of its spin- dles and markets through the loss of Poland and other now independent territories, this vision sees Russia becoming in a few years a cotton exs porting instead of iimporting land, and shipping three or four million bales of cotton to compete with the American product every year. (Copyright, 1924_bv Public Ledger Company.)