Evening Star Newspaper, July 5, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY.. .July 5, 1934 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. . Editor ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Busioess Office, 11th St. and Penasylvanis Ave. N?mr'a"mi Othes: Tawer Pulidiog. Raropean Ofics: 18 Regent St., London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sonday morning edition, is delivered by carriers within the ¢ity 4t 60 cents per month: daily omly, & Cents' per mont 20 cents per month.” Orders. mail or tele- phone Main 5000, C made by car- iers at the end of . Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunday..1yr., $3.40 ;1 mo., 70c Daily only . 1yr..$6.00; 1 mo., 50¢ Sunday only ......1¥r. $2.40; 1 mo,, 20c All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo. Daily only ......1¥r., $7.00; 1 mo., 60c Bunday only ....1yr. $3.00;1mo, 25¢c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press in exclusively entitled 0 the use for republication of all news dis- Datches credited 6 it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news pub- Tished ‘herein. ~All rights of publication of special dispatches herein 190 reserved. —_— The Whirlpool of Indecision. Having broken all records, the Demo- eratic national convention in New York proceeds as though it were go- ing to set an endurance mark that can never again be attained. This morning it started on the sixth day of continu- ous balloting, taking the seventy-first ballot, fourteen more than the record established at Charleston in 1860. There is no sign of a change as the votes were recited in monotonous iteration. The shifts are immaterial. The only result of these successive ballots is to intensify tihe blockade, gradually to increase the votes given to McAdoo and to Smith. And as they increase they stiffen the deadlock. For at the present rate of advance by these two Smith is likely soon to have more than one-third, which if held in- tact gives him a positive veto power. This morning the leading Smith newspaper organ in New York called upon both of the leading candidates to withdraw as a means of saving the Democratic party from “division and utter destruction.” They should with- draw. it pleads, simultaneously and leave the field to about a dozen others who are mentioned by name. This ad- vice, however, appears to have been ignored. for today’s session opens with the situation unchanged, and with prophecies by some who have been called leaders that the cont¥ention is likely to continue over until next week. Despite the monotony of the ballot- ing. each session of the convention has had some dramatic high spot of hap- pening. Yesterday there were three incidents—four, in fact—of this kind. First came the withdrawal of Ralston, then the less significant, but still in- teresting. withdrawal of Cox, who is, as he has stated, still the titular head of the Democratic party. Then oc- curred at the close of the afternoon session the request to open the hall to all the candidates for speeches, fol- lowed by a, proposal to invite Gov. Smith to address the convention for half an hour. When this was turned down, because it was not supported by two-thirds of the delegates, the Mc- Adoo men were blamed for what was denounced by the Smith men as a dis- courtesy to the governor of the state in which the convention is being held. ‘The fact that the governor of the state is himself a persistent candidate would seem to lessen the obligation on the part of the convention to hear him, but that consideration did not in turn lessen the bitterness. Then. finally, at the evening session came a proposal by Mr. McAdoo that the governor be asked to speak, a proposal seconded by a delegate from his own state of California. Then came a bit of poli- tics. The leader of the Illinois delega- tion, an ardent Smith man, objected. Why? Because it was figured that McAdoo had been put into a hole by the refusal of his followers to invite the governor to speak, and it was sup- posed to be good strategy to keep him there. All of this seems a futile and rather silly proceeding. The Democratic party has been plunged by a combination of vircumstances and candidacies into a ‘whirlpool of indecision and ineffective- ness. There seems to be no escape as long as the factional waters sweep round and round, ballot after ballot, wession after session, and day after day. ———————— ical events have become so thrilling as to cause the public almost to forget the new and important rea- sons for erecting a statue to the im- mortal and glorious game of base ball. —————————— Continue the Safety Work! Next Tuesday afternoon the execu- tive committe¢ of the Washington Safety Council will meet for the pur- pose of considering the question of dissolving or continuing its work. This is an issue of moment to the people of the Capital, and the hope may be strongly expressed that the answer will be favorable to a continuation of the good work that has been under- taken-and thus far so successfully conducted. Washington's streets are badly con- gested with traffic. Conditions have developed with the increased use of motor cars that are highly dangerous to life and limb. The rush of motor use preceded the adoption of rules and the increase of the protective and regulatory force of police, so that measures adopted subsequently have merely served to keep a tardy pace with the dangers. Only through edu- cation of those using the streets, both motorists and pedestrians, is it pos- sible to maintain an average of safety. The Washington Safety Council was a ploneer in this work. It started measures that have been subsequently adopted in other cities, Where the con- ditions are as bad of wofse. It is & volunteer movement on the part of the citigens, financially supported by the people. Here are some of the things it has accomplished: It has maintained have conducted themselves themee- forth with scrupalous care; it has or- sanized & “safedrivers’ club” the members of which are engaged as mis- sionaries of care; it has promoted the display of moving pictures, teaching the lessons of carefulness in street use; it has conducted a campaiga in the schools, both public and private, to teach the children of Weshington the lessons of safety; it has organized twenty-one junior safety councils to supplemnent and carry forward the in- structive work in the schools. ‘This is a notable accompiishment. It has cost relatively a trifle. The actual budget estimated for the current year is $15,000, of which to date $5,379 has been contributed, by 114 members, leaving 32,000 needed to carry on the work to September 1 and $6,000 to continue it throughout the year. The true measure of the value of this very small investment in public safety is to be found in a comparison of losses from traffic accidents. There were sixty less deaths from accidents in 1923 then in 1922, and six less deaths in the first five months of 1924 than in the same period in 1923, not- withstanding an increase of 25 per cent in automobile registration; there was furthermore a reduction in “pub- lic liability” insurance rates on pri- vate cars in 1924 of 11 per cent, based on the experience of 1923. . Money saved in insurance .rates! Lives saved as welll What better showing could possibly be made? The Washington Safety Council has proved its value. It should be continued, and every dollar needed for its mainte- nance should be given, promptly and eagerly. The per capita charge upon the people is a trifle of a few pennies. Before Tuesday afternoon those who compose the executive committee of the council should receive assurances that the community wants this work to proceed, and is willing to spend the small sum necessary to that end. —_———— Police Conduct. ‘Washington's police force bears an excellent reputation for efficiency. ' THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATU'RDAY, JULY 5, 1924 : The Marines Leave Santo Domingo and somg at Clontinental Hull. The Assoctation of| Oldest Inhabitants iotic words and to a most of the suburbs were pageants, spectacles and mieetings in recognition of the 148th national birthday. Petworth, Takama, Congress Heights, Clarendon, Cherry/dale and all the-other towns around had patriotic ralies ‘with pageants, speeches, music, sports and municipal fireworks. There were large crowds, heppiness and no acci- dents. Base ball, thei “national game,” played a big role M the celebration of Independence day. The celebration at the stadium, attended by thousands of patriots, was not as joyous as Wash. ington wished, but the Capitals team has done magnificently of late, and can afford to drop one ortwo contests. All the minor professional ctubs, the semi-pro clubs, the good amateur clubs, the rank amateur alubs, the back-lot clubs that pile up forty to thirty-five runs with several innings yet to go, made a great day of it. Altogether it was assanesand glori- ous Fourth. Educators on Pilgrimages. The National Educuition Association brought its sixty-second convention to a close with patriotic pilgrimages, and large groups of teachers and school officérs have leen. visiting his- toric places in or near Washington. At each of those places: fitting exercises were held yesterday. 'The historic places to which the pilgrimages have been made wereschosen some time ago by committees charged with making plans for the convention. The pil- grimage feature of the education meeting has been praised, and thou- sands of persons from all parts of the country have been getting a breath of the historic atmosphere of this part of the country. The teachers held exercises at the Tomb of the Un- known, at Lincoln Memorial, at the tomb of Woodrow Wilson, at the ‘Washington Monument, Memoriul Con- tinental Hall, American Red Cross Though small in numbers it has been effective, honest and generally com- mendable. The Capital‘has been proud of the organization as a whole and of the personnel of the force. But hap- penings that have lately come to at- tention lead The Star to question whether this standard of efficiency is being maintained, whether the police are as scrupulous as they should be in observing the proper attitude toward the community, toward all law-abiding citizens. The case that gives rise to this ques- tion may be simply stated. A reporter for The Star engaged in the discharge of his duty attended a fire yesterday, and on approaching a point where a policeman stood on guard to prevent public advance into the fire-fighting area was roughly, even brutally, thrown back before he could establish his identity and right of presence, and upon his protest and further attempt to identify himself was seized, arrest- ed, hustled into a patrol wagon and taken to the station house, being sub- Jected in transit to a vile verbal at- tack. The charge stands against him and will be heard in court, with further proceedings calculated to de- termine the right of a member of the police force to assault a citizen who has committed no offense. This case cited, and will be pressed, because The Star knows the circumstances to be as stated, knows the character of the victim and is con- vinced that the occasion has come for a thorough hearing to ascertain whether such conduct on the part of the policemen is justified by those in authority and whether it is character- istic. Nor is this the only case of the kind of recent happening. Other instances have come to attention of overbearing, domineering and even brutal behavior on the part of members of the police force, who, though charged with the preservation of the peace, have them- selves broken the peace by their ac- tion and their language. The difficulty in these cases arises from the fact that the victims have no witnesses. In this particular case, fortunately, there are witnesses. It may be that only a very few mem- bers of the police force have so mis- construed thelr functions and responsi- bilities as to adopt this attitude. But whether there are few or many they should be either corrected in their con- ception of their duty or eliminated from the force. It is to bring about such a reformation that The Star pro- poses to press this case to a conclusion and to insist that those who command and supervise the police department of the District insure a changé of at- titude on the part of every member of the force toward law-observing, peace- tul, well behaved citizens. e There was a widespread and gen- erous impression that weary and homesick delegates ought at least to have the soothing experience of being spellbound for half an hour by Gov. Smith. ———— Alabama threw one bombshell into the convention, but after the voting began it delivered mostly duds. ——— San¢ Fourth. The Fourth was well celebrated, and leaves happy mefhories and few re- grets. There wefe some automobile accidents, but no mofe than usually happen on a bright Sunday or_other holiday, and they cannot justly be charged against the Fourth of July. There were & few fires, but the turn- out of the engines did not exceed the daily average. A few arrests were made for shooting imported toy pistols and firecrackers, but nothing sen: tional in that way is reported. From the whole country have so far come reports of only two Fourth of July fatalities, whereas a few years ago the tragedy list was long and the figures weré lumped és statistics. The hew- fashiohed Fourth is safer and more building, Walter Reed Hospital and at the home of Frederick Doughss. In the Washington region exercises were held at Thomas Jefferson's home and in the national cemetery at Gettys burg. — e The fact that the Democratic vote in Pennsylvania is not likely to have great responsibility in deciding the national election may have encouraged the Keystone delegates to be con- spicuously liberal-minded in joining the parades. —— e At times the deadlock appeared so stubborn as to suggest that the date for tearing down Madison Square Gar- den might have to be postponed. oo The New York convention made it clear that the La Follette Fourth of July demonstration was making no impression on it whatever. —_————————— Time might have been saved if the delicate questions arising in connec- tion with the unit rule could have been decided in advance. ————————— In Cleveland the experiment is sug- gested of picking out a candidate and allowing him to make up his party as | he goes along. ———————— Instructions in some cases were so binding as to make it appear that a system of voting by mail might have been worked. —_—————— One or two examples of patriotic self-effacement created a little sur- prise, but aroused no prompt imita- tion. —_————— A few delegates voted for a George G. Battle; possibly because they liked the sound of the name. ———. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. * The Town Spellbinder. I wish they!d call my Uncle Jim To make one little speech When lines of reasoning grow dim And drift beyond our reach. He has a large, persuasive wa: That soothes the troubled mind, And anything he has to say Is always good and kind. ‘Why should such things as deadlocks be To keep folks up at night ‘Where brethren frankly disagree And even want to fight. ‘When any question great or small They'd solve in speedy style If they on Uncle Jim would call And let him talk awhile! Used to It. “My small boy can ask more ques- tions in ah hour than I can answer in a year.” “So can mine,” confided Senator Sérghum. “But I don’t mind. My con- stituents for a long time have been doing the same thing.” Through by Thanksgiving., Election is a long affair; Delays are often great, When patriots draw near with care To choose @ candidate. The glorious Fourth has gone its way And still there's work to do. Let's hope that by Thanksgiving day day The voting will be through. Jud Tunkins says he likes the motto, “Try, tfy again,” but it's no excude for the man who talks through his nose always wantin’ to be the one Who feads the Deéclaration of Inde- “pendence. Strategists. “The folks around here aré talking about sending you to the legislature.” “I reckon mother and the girls started that,” responded Farmer Corn- tos#el. “Théy'd go to most ahy len’'th orderly than the old-fashioned. A large proportion of Washington's population padsed the day, of part of & system of protective and warning lines on the pavements to guide both claAses of street users: it has placarded the city with striking posters, su cinetly giving advice against care nesd and calculated to inculcate habits i It has conducted schools for . graduating no less than prectically all of whem “ i 1 it, in auto riding Ih the country and at “pleasure resorts” and pleasanter places. There were many celebrations in Washington. The President spoke to the delegutes of the N. A. on the uses of education in overcoming pov- erty and crime and in promoting higher citizenship standards. The D. A R cboerved Lhe day With epecedes to git me away from home durin’ house<cleanin’ time.” Gardening, Of all summer gatdens That bring us despair The hardest to manage ‘Was Madison Square. pry “We ought to do mo' talkin' "bout dishere Einstein Eben. “Even If it @08’ Slalt Bo M0’ BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN With the withdrawal of American marines now In progress, Santo Do- mingo resumes control of its own affairs. After eight years of Ame: fcan occupation, the country appears to be firmly united under the leade: ship of President-elect Gen. Horatlo Vasques and is, it declares, no longer in need of assistance in running fts ship of state. The presidental elec- ton, held a couple of months ago, w one of the most peaceful in Caribbean history; the finances of the republic are now on a stable basi and with a strong, well trained n tional guard to protect the govern- ment's Interests. Gen. Vasquez, who has been in Washington conferring with Presi- dent Coolidge, Secretary of Stafe Hughes and Sumner Welles, retiriig United States high commissioner to Santo Domingo, has given his prom- ise that the policies inaugurated by the American occupation will be car- ried out by his udministration. These include the maintenance of order without outside ald, the scrupulous administration of justice and the con- tinuance of internal improvements, such as the development of agricul- ture. good roads and irrigation. Whether or not Vasquez will be able to keep his promise depends largely, of course, upon the co-op- eration' he receives from the people of Santo Domingo. Will they continue 10 support his government, or will it be undermined and hampered by po- litical conspiracies and insurrections like those of the past? There are some familiar with the West Indies who feel a good deal of doubt on this question. But all agree that Santo Domingo should have its trial at domestic tranquillity—Its chance to make good as an independent, re- sponsible nation. When United States marines were landed on the island in 1916 it was to restore order out of a political and economic chaos that had lasted for many long years. As early as 1905 repeated revolutions had left the af- fairs of the Dominican government in such a hopeless state that the United States was compelled to come to its assistance in order to preserve the Monroe doctrine. A large group of foreign creditors, each ready to present his bill with a gunboat, clouded the horizon. Another large group of native creditors, each plan- ning to enforce his claims against the government by insurrection, agi- tated the country's interior. Clearly something _had to be done to re- establish Dominican credit, and the United States did it. Through its offices the republic as enabled to secure a loan of $20.000.000 with which to refund its foreign debts. This was arranged by @ bond issue, with the understand- ing that the bonds were to be pald off in monthly instaliments from the customs revenues. In an agreement hetween the two governments the President of the United States ap- pointed a general receiver of the Dominican customs, who was au- thorized to collect all the customs duties in the custom houses ot Santo Domingo until the $20.000,000 shouid be repaid. The amount to be de- ducted from the customs receipts for the repayment of the loan was $100,- 000 a month, in addition to the ex- penses of the general receivership. All remaining funds were turned into the treasury of the Dominican government. Dominican Promises. In this agreement, moreover, Domlnicans promised a wise efficient administration of their treasury. They were to pay the salaries of civil employes regularly in addition to back pay and any surplus was to be used for the build- ing of public works. They were not to increase the public debt without consulting the United States. But the continued outbreak of re utions made it impossible to keep this promise. Greaf sums were expended for military preparations instead ot public improvements, and other sums disappeared without any explanation as one faction after another came into control of the treasury. In order to make up deficits stam stamped paper and other government securities were recklessly issued. Thus within a few vears the republic was again burdened with an enor- mous_interfor debt, which made the position of the custom houses ex- tremely unsafe. Once more inter- vention became necessary and this the and time the United States sent its ma- rinee to take charge of affairs. While the five years of Americi occupation have brought peace and order to 8anto Domingo, the présence of the marines has not been relished by the Dominicans. No people enjoys the domination of another, especially Wwhen the differences between the two @re as vast as those between Domini- cans and North Americans. The ma- Jority of our marine officers contorm to the Anglo-Saxen type; they are blunt, practical, efficient ‘and "arro- gant, with a talent for administration respect for modern con- d comfort. The Domini- cans are suave, emotlonal, Imprac- tical, with a talent for ornamental lelsure and a graceful acceptance of conditions as they are. Both types are the result of their widely dif- terent histaries. Of all the islands in the chain that extends in a vast semi-circle from the southern coast of Florida to the northeastern coast of Venezuela, Santo Domingo has had the most hectic career. From the day of its discovery by Christopher Columbus it has known almost constant bloodshed and disaster. It has witnessed the extermination of one race within its boundaries and the virtual extermi- nation of another. Earthquakes and hurtricanes have desfroyed large por- tione of its population and disease has wiped out even greater numbers. The government of the island has always been extremely precarious, for no sooner has one group of vic- tors set up its authority than another group has appeared to contest it. Inland’s Hectic History. When Columbus and his small fleet landed in Santo Domingo, in Decem- ber of 1492, in the hope that the: reached Japan, they found an island of great natural beauty and riches, inhabited by friendly Indians. En- chanted with the surroundings, Co- lumbus immediately started the or- ganization of a colonial government on the island; built a fort from the wreckage of ‘one of his ships, and later founded a cathedral. It was evidently his desire to settle there as a planter and governor of the colony. But the atmosphere of Santo Domingo seems to breed conspiracies. The ex- plorer was soon the object of a half dozen intrigues, which kept him busy crossing and recrossing the Atlantic in order to explain his motives to the suspicious King Ferdinand : length, discouraged and sick at heart, he decided to remain in Spain Later the son and grandson of Columbus each attempted to settle on the ancestral estate In Santo Domingo, but were equally unsuccessful as the result of political intrigues. Mean- time the colony of Spanish planters grew rapidly on the labor of the Indian nat whom they enslaved and put to work in the fields and mines. Unable to stand the long hours of labor, to which their race was unaccustomed, the Indians quick- Iy died out, so that it soon beca necessary for the Spaniards to im- port negroes from Africa and the other islands of the West Indies to work for them. It is this negro strain which, after centuries of polit- ical upheaval, is dominant in the island, replacing the old Spanish families just as it replaced the In- dians. But the Spanish language and Spanish culture have prevailed through all the vicissitudes of cen- turies. When the French attempted to set- tle in the West Indies the western half of Santo Domingo—Haiti—fell under their influence and it has never been released. At one time Santo Domingo was forced to fly the French flag for a brief interval, and at an- other time it was annexed to Haiti under the Haitian negro president, Boyer. whose ambition was to build up a strong African state in the West Indies. The Haitian rule lasted twenty-two years. At the end of that time the Dominicans took ad- vantage of a revolution against Boy- er which occurred in Haiti to declare their independence. They met with very little opposition, and the date of this victory is still enthusiastically celebrated on the 27th of February every year. The Dominicans have a strong feel- ing of nationalism. Although many of the young men and women are educated abroad, they invariably re- turn to their own island, which seems to exercise over them the same charm that it had for Columbus centuries ago. This patriotic spirit may vet insure a prosperous and peaceful future for the republic now that the American administration has straight- ened out its present. Mussolini, Chastened, Still Rules Italy, U. S. Press Notes Now that Premier Mussolini, Italy's dictator, has come through the crisis provoked by the murder of Deputy Matteotti, chastened and pledged to restoration of constitutional govern- ment, most American editors take an optimistic view of the Italian situa. tion. Whatever else may be said of Mussolini, the Springfield Union thinks, “he has brought order out of and hé may do it again, if need be,” moreover, “it is nfobnl‘! that there is little demand for his resignation among the more level- headed of the Italian people at this time.” Released from the responsi- bilities of an extra-legal authority, the Chicago Tribune is inclined to belleve, “Mussolinl will gain father than los: influence,” for “Italy needs a strong. consistent government such as Mussolini, and probably he alone, can maintain.” As the New York World sees it, “the Pascist organisation was severely tested by the Matteotti murder, but it has probably survived what its leaders correctly describe as its crisis,” and, “If it is shorn of some of its arrogance for the time being, that is not the worst augury for the future of the distracted and feud- rent country.” The Fascisti may have much for which to answer, says the Pittsburgh Gasette Times, but “it by ho means follows in the ab- sence of proof that the responsi- bility for the slaying of the Soclalist deputy should be placed on Mussolini.” * % % % To this the Grand Rapids Press adds, “if Mussolini by his tremendous personal magnetism and courage can bring the tall of his party along in the same path as its head—if he can persuade the less fational Fascisti| to back him up—perhaps the history of his nation willl justly hold” a higher place for him than even France has given Napoleon.” Noting that Mussolinl seems to have weath- ered the storm, the Cleveland Plain Dealer thinks that "“by his earnest activity inh apprehending the con- spirators who abducted and doubtless murdered Deputy Matteotti he has suffiolently indicated his own dis- approval.” In lhs opinfoft of the Loulsville Courlet-Journal, "it was a somewhat chastened Mussolinl that declated to the Itallan Senate his regret and horror at the murder of Deputy Mat- teottl. It was the old Mussolini when cked the widi E {sm. He again promised that justice should be done and the gullty should be pun- ished, no matter how high their posi- “onnlhnln mise to Rme b, the nu“ .- he IM. w to give Ttaly honest, autocratic government, furnishes ditional evi- dence that with all of its short-com- ings a constitutional government is greatly to be desired.” The circum- stances, the Miam! News Metropolis holds “wlll serve as a warning to the enemies that they had better not triffie with the premier or with the Fascisti,” for “Mussolini made it quite apparent that he would not tolerate any conspiracies against his govern- ment."” * k k ¥ Yet the Springfleld News argues that “a crisis will be precipitated in the event of any untoward circum- stances which may develop,” for, “Italy at the present moment may be characterized as a volcano, with the fire smoldering at the base and ready to break loose at the slightest provo- cation.” Despite reassuring statements the Scranton Republican agrees ‘“the critical period has not passed, for the success of the premier in meeting a trying situation may be negatived by some spontaneous explosion of senti- ment which, it is plain to see, every one fears.” The Liberals and the Conservatives, the Flint Journal joints out, “are quite as eager as the adicals to encompass his defeat, and the force by which he usurped ad- ministration and transcended the or- ganic law is no longer feared” and the Stoux City Journal concludes one thing is certain, that “he will have to prove that he stands for honesty in government and justice toward the people, or he will fall—it is only in Russia that tyfants are not thrown out.” The Broken Radio our radio is broken now Becalise of the convention row; The tender thing could not withstand The strain of strife, combined with band. Oh, such a noise! my word, the din S'enough to make a fat man thin, Bhoute and blows and catter- wauls, While every delegation brawls. To chogse a brand-new Presi- dent Is why these d sent, And all this noise, and cats, Is rivalry 'mong Democrats. But do you think, when all is gates were like dogs That we will have a nominee. Who's half as good as you or me? MARGARET C. BAXTER. 3 T. A had | The Library. Table BY THE BOOKLOVER There are two distinct types of diography—the critical biography and the blography which makes of its subject, at least for the time being, a hero. Each type has its admirers. Some of us prefer to worship the great ones in whom we are sufficient- ly interested to wish to read the storles of their lives; others care no less for a great man because he is represented not as a god but as a hu- man. To those who prefer the hero type of blography Lytton Strachey cannot be'recommended us a biogra- pher. He analyzes his subjects ruth- lessly; he shows them scheming, plot- ting, tyrannizing, raging and drink- ing, as well as praying, sacrificing themselves, ministering to human needs and acting the part of heroes. In “Eminent Victorians” Lytton Strachey has drawn four remarkably living portraits—those of Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, Dr. Arnold of Rugby, and Gen. Gordon. Of these the first and the last are perhaps the most interesting. * X % ¥ Cardinal Manning is presented as a strange contradiction; at times the intriguing diplomat plotting with the papal secretary, Mgr. Talbot, to pre- vent Newman from being made a cardinal, at other times the devoutly religious Catholic, self-analyzing and self-abnegating, resolved not to lift a finger or speak a word for his own advancement in the church. Strachey says that the two dominating forces in his nature were preoccupation with the supernatural and preoccupation with himself. 1In his early life, while still in the English Church, Manning was married. When his wife died he was inconsoiable and would sit beside her grave, day after day, writing his sermons. 'In after years, however, he came to count her death s one of “God's special mercies.” He blotted her memory from his mind, destroved every letter and record of his mar- ried life and never spoke of her. When he was notified that her grave was falling into ruin, he answered: “It is best s0; let it be. Time effaces all things.” Strachey says of him: “He belongs to that class of eminent eccle- siastics * * * who have been distin- tinguished less for saintliness and learn- ing than for practical ability. * * * He seemed almost to revive in his own person that long line of diplomatic and administrative clerics which, one would have thought, had come to an end with Cardinal Wolsey. In Manning, so it appeared, the middle ages lived again.” * Xk x % Somewhat the same contradictory characteristics as are found in Car- dinal Manning appear in Gen. don—religious fervor and world am- bition. Gordon's religion was Prot- estant, but at times approached fa- natical mysticism. He always de-| pended on his intuitions, which he usually considered guidings of Provi- dence. Like most ambitious and re- ligious persons, he was likely to con- sider that Providence led him to do what his own personal choice also indicated. Just before he was sent on his fatal mission to Khartum he had been consulting his Bible, which | he often used as an oracle, and won- | dering to what remote corner of the world the hand gf God would next lead him. As he left Victoria station for the Sudan he whispered to Lord Wolseley an inquiry whether a com- mission of his had been carried out— the sending to each member of the cabinet a copy of Dr. Samyel Clarke's “Scripture Promises.” Of the last days of Gen. Gordon there Is no cer- tain record, but it is known that he “had long debated with himself what his action should be at the s moment.” He had told Sir Evelyn Baring that he should never be taken alive. ' “He had had gunpowder put into the cellars of the palace, so that ! the building might, at a moment's notice. be blown into the air. But then misgivings had come upon him: was it not his duty ‘to maintain the faith and, if necessary, to suffer for it?—to remain a tortured and hu- miliated witness of his Lord in the mahdi’s chains? The blowing up of the palace would have, he thought, ‘more or less the taint of suicide,’ would be, ‘in a way, taking things out of God's hands.' ™' It is probable that he met his death on the stair- case of the palace of Khartum at the hands of the savage followers of the mahdi. The popular verdict on Gen. Gordon, Strachey says, has been that he was “a contradictious person—even a little off his head, perhaps, though a hero.” * % ok * H. G. Wells has again voiced his disapprobation of the present-day world, as so often before, in a novel. “The Dream,” is a study of the twen- tieth century viewed through the eyes of people living two thousand years hence, one of whom either has or dreams he has, in a former state, lived in this barbaric age of con- fusion. Sarnac, formerly Harry Mor- timer Smith, considers the people who lived during his earlier incar- nation children of “that hairy old ape-man. Man is a creature,” he says, “which under nearly every sort of stress releases hate and malign action, and we were then still sub- dected to the extreme stresses.” In this old world the disgrace of dikease existed. “Living the queer lives they did, with abnormal and ill-prepared food in a world of uncheck infec- tions, they found the very tisues of the bodies going wrong and breaking out into the queerest growths. * * * Their bodies were like their com- munities.” Marriage was still an in- stitution. akin to slavery, adhered to by nearly every one, and out of it grew selfishness, tyranny and bru- tality, because the code was still one of sex jealousy. The new world, on the contrary, “has a tempered air. In this world we breathe mercy with our first fluttering gasp. We aré so taught and trained to think of others that their pain is ours. But 2,000 years ago men and women were half- way back to crude nature.” If Mr. Wells could only have given some indication of the methods employed to rid the world of its physical and moral disease he would perhaps have made a valuable contribution to science. So difficult is it to conceive and express a form of existence en- tirely different from any experienced in reality, that Mr. Wells, like all creators of utoplas, has been obliged to fall back on the usual language and facts of the known world. For wiis reason his ideal world 2,000 years hence seems very similar to the old one. His personages over- work and are obliged to have a holi- day, s0 they g0 to the mountains and lakes for climbing and boating. Why not a trip to another planet? Chil- dren are still brought into the world by a painful “crisis* Why not pain- lessly? Mr. Wells aiwo seems to think it desirable to retaiw, even through 2,000 years, present habits of eating and drinking, for his holiday makers always dine well, never go off for a day’s ramble without taking a lunch and partake of a ‘*‘warm bowl of dfink”"—not_soup, to judge from the context—before going to bed. * * % *x The publishers of “Editing the Day's News" claim that it Is the first book covering newspaper practice written by a newspaper man, George C. Bastian, copy reader fof the Chi- cago Tribune. Devoted entirely to the technical newspaper methods of today, these method, Ised with cuts, diagrams d dem- onstrations of forms. Such & book s simply to practicing newspaper man and students In schools of , sinee It tells in In n o way the secrets of hews handling newspaper making. It takes tl the editorial oftices w it la done Answers to Questions BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. In the balloting for a nominee for President, how does it happen that half votes are cast?’—M, I. A. The number of total votes in the convention is fixed, being appor- tioned among the states according to & definite plan. The number of dele- Bates to a convention, however, is a matter left to the discretion of the state represented. From a state with thirty votes, there may be sixty dele- §ates with a half vote each. In this Way votes may even be divided into fourths, fifths or other fractions. Q. Which takes the most heat to melt, gold, silver or copper?’—A. L. 8. A. The geological survey says that ®old melts at a heat of 1, 083 ze.grt:! centigrade, silver melts ‘at 360 de- Brees centigrade and copper melts at 1,083 degrees centigrade. Q. How much butter t should cream contain creamerys R m "t '8 #0ld to a A. The Department of Agricultyre says that about 30 per cent butter fat is recommended standard for the de- livery of cream to a creamery. If the test is lower, there is less skimmed milk left for use on the farm and the cream is more apt to sour. 5. here is the Emerald Buddha?— k& This Buddha is in the Wat Phra €0, one of the most remarkable pagodas in Slam, situated in Bangkok, Bangkok contains about 398 wats or temples. Buddnlat Q. Are the white elephants flam a breed or are they Taibinoarst A. These animals are albinos are not really pure white. covered with yellow splotch disease. and They are es, due to : no longer poseible to buy sheet music at a price lower than that marked on the cover?—T. M. A. The Federal Trade Commissi has’investigated the practica of meil: ing sheet music at a discount, and as a result has ruled that the price printed on the music shall be paid for it. This will not result, however, in higher price to the general public, as leading music publishers have con- sented to mark their output at the price thev think it should bring— that is, one-third less than the price thdt formerly appeared on the music. Q. Did Europe have any middle ages to this contin w. is improbable that sout Europeans had any knowledge ot these transatlantic voyages of discov- ery. the people of southern knowledge in the concerning the voyages ent made by the Norse- Q. Can you tell me if in Lincoln's day, for ‘example, long addresses were published in full, as in the case of Senator Harrison's and Representa- tive Burton's speeches?—W. N. G. _A. Four New York papers - lished in full Lincoln's “Coaper Union Address.” Q. What hens have laid more th 300 egRS in a vear in an officlal con: test>—W. R. C. Seieon A. The Department of Agricultur $ays that at the Vineland, N. J., laye Ing contest there is a 301 egger— White Rock hen. At the Puyallup, western Washington, laying contest there are several 300 eggers, nearly all of which are Leghorns. It is stated that one laid 335 CERE. This is supposed to be the highest official record of any egg laying contest. Q. What is the origin of Boston baked beans and their place on New England breakfast menus’—H. E. B. A. In the abrence of positive in- formation eon the subject thix con- jecture ix offered: In the early daye of the Plymouth colony people did their baking in brick ovens. These ovens were heated on Saturday and enough baking for the week was done at that time. As the oven cooled off the temperature was just right for beans, which need long, slow ©00kIng, so they were thus ready to be eaten on Saturday night and were Probably put back into the oven to keep hot and_these were eaten for breakfast on Sunday morning. Many New England people reheat them and eat them for breakfast each morning until they are gone, and some people who bake them on Wednesday con- tinue to serve them for breakfast each morning until the Saturday beans are baked. In northern New Sngland beans have been baked from immemorial in a hole in_ the ground, the hole having first been lined with stones and the stones made very hot with a fire built in the hole. In lumber camps the beans are usu- ally put in to bake the night before they are to e served for breakfast Q. Has the Navy Department a complete file of documents concern- ing its own history?>—T. A. G. A. Tt has a larfge but incomplete coliection. Any one who has letters, journals, pictures or other docu- mentary material of historical in- terest concerning the Navy, who is willing to give or lend them, should forward them to “the superintendent, office of naval records, Navy Depart- ment, Washington, D. Q. What becomes of unclaimed ex- press packages?—B. E. M. A. Th> American Express Company says that unclaimed packages are sold after one vear, in order that the express company cah obtain the amount of money that was used in the shipping of that particular pack- age. Q. A friend of mine maintains that the first American-citizen President of the United States was Martin Van Buren, and it was decided to leave the matter to you for decision.—W. J. A. Martin Van Buren was the first President of the United States who was not born a British subject. All of his predecessors, of necessity, had been American cltizens, but President Van Buren was born an American citizen. Q. How long is 8andy Hook?—M. J. A. Sandy Hook is a peninsula run- ning six miles north from the coast of New Jersey and partly inclosing lower New York. Bay. Q. What does “B'nai B'rith” mean? —J. P. E. A. The expression “B'nai B'rith” means Sons of the Covenant. This association of German Jews has for its purpose the motal improvement of its members. It was established in the United States in 1843, Q. What acid will dissolve a dia- mond?—J. G. g A. The geological survey says that there is no acld which wiil do’ this. Q. What Is the ofigin of the term “turned turtle"?—-S. S. 8. A. The phrase “tufned tuftle” is derived frém the helpless position occupled by a turtle which acci- dentally or otherwise has beén turned on its back. Q. How is a six-day bicyéle race scored?—E. R. P. A. It is scored according to the Berlin system. Prizes are given to those who lead at the end of a cer- tain pefiod of time or a certain num- ber of miles. The old system was to give the prize to the one who won at the end of the race. (Let The Star answer yowr ques- tions. Address The Etar I'nformation Burean, Fredevic J. Haskin, director, e1at and O streets northiweat. Inoloss 2 cents in stamps for return postage.) A man who the to a woman driver is nol rous, b prudent.—. Times-Plcayune. It Rhode Island Republica turn to the Benat, to conduct business, on the program ma ation fof gas mas| o . right of way only chival- ew Ofleans TAX APPEAL BOARD 10 FORM AT ONCE Twelve Members Already Named—Others to Be Chosen in Fall. HAVE WIDE EXPERIENCE Hearings of Board Will Be Open. Speedy Decisions Intended. The twelve members of the Board of Tax Appeals appointed by Presi- dent Coolidge iIn accordance with the provisions of the revenue act of 1924 will organize immediately. The act provides that the board shall con- sist of seven members “except that for a period of two years after the enactment of this act, the board shall be composed of such members. not more than twenty-eight, as the Presi- dent determines to be necessary.” It is probable the remaining members of the board will be appointed in the fall Of the twelve members whose ap- pointments have been announced, seven, Adolphus E. Graupner of San Francisco, J. S. Y. Ivins of New York City. A. E. James of New Jersey; John M. Sternhagen of Chicago, Summer L. Truseell of Minneapolis. John J. Mar- quette of Washington, D. C., and W C. Lansdon of Salina, Kas, were - lected from the general pu Five Charles D. Hamel of Grafton Dl Benjamin H. Littleton of Nashville, Jules Gilmer Korner. jr, of Winston Balem. N. C.; Charles 'P. Smith of Boston, and Charles M. Trammell of Lakeland, Fla., were appointed from the personnel of the Bureau of In- ternal Revenue Graupner Is Ex-Judge. Adolphus E. Graupner is a lawyer, and for some years was judge of the su- perior court of San Francisco J. 8. Y. Ivins is an accountant and an authority in tax work. Mr. Ivi formerly was director of New York State income tax. A. E. James is a lawyer, sccountant and tax expert John W. Sternhagen is a lawyer and a speclalist in federal taxation. Sum- ner L. Trussell also is a lawyer and was admitted to practice in Minn~- sota In 1885. John L. Marquette is a lawyer, a_graduate of the University of North Dakota and a member of the North Dakota and Montana bars. Mr. Marquette came to Washinstun from Missoula, Mont., in 1919, e entercd the Army air service, and resicned captain in December, 1420, his discharge from W pital, where he was recovering from injuries received in a fall. Since 1022 Mr. Marquette has practiced law Washington. W. C. Lansdon, for many vears has been an executive officer of the Kansas State Farmers' Union. He is & former newspaper man, and at one time was a member of the faculty of Kansas University. Wide Charles D. Hamel, 1923, has been chairman of the committee on appeals and review. Mr. Hamel is a lawyer. In 1906 and 1907 he was clerk to the United States Senate committee public lands and in 1908 was clerk to the Senate mmittee on agriculture and fc From April, 1908, to Octoler, 915. he was emploved in legal work in ‘the Interior Department, and in October. 1915, was transferred to the Department of Justice. In October, 1017, he was appointed special assist- ant 'to the Atorney (eneral. serving in that capacity until December 31 1821, In February. 1922, he entered the office of the salicitor. hureau of internal revenue. For several months he was chairman of the special com- mittee on appeals and review. Jules Gilmer Korner, jr.. isa lawyer and accountant. On Janiary 1, 18 he was appointed assistant solieitor charge of the penal division. Mr Korner was graduated from Trinity College. C.. with the degree of A M. in 1903, and later attended the Harvard law_school. In 1917, he enlisted in the United States Navy and after the war resumed the prac- tice of his profession in Winston- Salem. He entered the bureau of internal revenue as special attorney in the office of the solicitor. July 1, 1921. Bonjamin H. Littleton is a high school and business college graduate and received a degree in law at Cumberland University. He was en- gaged in the practice of law from 1914 to 1916, when he was appointed to the bureau of investigation, De- partment of Justice. In 1918 he was appointed assistant United States attorney for the middle district of Tennessee, which position he held until appointed to the solicitors office, October 26, 1921 Long Employed by U. & Charles P. Smith, since November 2, 1922, a member of the committee on appeals and review, was graduatsd from Brown University with a degree of A. B. and studied law at Brown and George Washington universities From 1905 until his appointment to the bureau of internal revenue, in 1914, Mr. Smith was employed in the bureau of the census. Following his transfer to the golicitor's office he werved for a time as head of one of the interpretative divisions. He was appointed assistant to the commis- sloner June 14, 1921, in which ca- pacity he served until his appoint- ment to the committee on appeals and review. Since December 1, 1921, Mr. Smith has served, also. as a mem- ber of the tax simplification board. Charles M. Trammell of the solici- tor's office received a degree of Ph B. from Emory College and Ll from Vanderbilt ~University. = Mr. Trammell began the practice of law in 1909 and in 1913 was clected judge of the county court gf Polk County, Fla., serving until 1917. In that year he entered the Army air service and in March, 1919, was transferred to the office of the judge advocate general, He was appointed to the solicitor's office October 11, 1920 The revenue act of 1923 provides that “each member of the board of tax appeals shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, soiely on the grounds of fitness to perform the duties of the office.” Hearings to Be Open. The act provides that: “Notice and opportunity to be heard shall be given the taxpayer and the commissioner, and a decision shall be made as quickly as practicable. Hearings be- fore the board and its divisions shall be open to the public. The proceed- ings of the board and its divisions shall be conducted in accordance with such rules of ewidence and procedure as the board may prescribe. It shall be the duty of the board and of each division to make a report in writing of its findings of fact and decision in each case, and a copy of its report shall be entered of record, and a copy furnished the taxpayer. If the amount tux In controversy ix thun $10,000 th the hearing sh ing und the report shall contuin an opinfon in writing In_addition to the Andings of fact and decision. All re- rts of the board and its aivisions evidenee recelved by the It divisions (Including, in re the oral testimony Is re- Itin .Ihl trenscript be e recol open SH%s publia™ Sxperience Here. since November on and board a wh o U