Evening Star Newspaper, June 21, 1924, Page 6

WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY June 21, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Tower Ruildi European Ctlice: 16 Regent ¥t.,Londo The Evening Sta=. with the edition. ix delivered by ear city at 60 conts per month nday mo - within daily only, 20 centy’ per sent by mail or tel is made by o Rate by Maryland and Virginia. 151, $8.40 1 mo,, 70¢ ... 1131 $6.00 1 1 mo., 50c Sunday only ... 1yr$240; 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. 5.1yr. $10.00 S5l er T 87:00 Lilyr. $3.00 1mo, i1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. is exclusively entitled sblication of all news dis- ) it ur not otherwise credited 1 also the local news pub. s of pul Thick Weather in New York. Little at New York, on the eve of the Democ convention is decidedly last few days before t the deleg where Atmosphere atic npational murky. These embly of tes to go through the tradi- tional procedure of candi- dates for their party for the two high- est federal offices are marked by fog- obscured leaders, With occasional shouts of confidence. The real manipulative work is hidden. But it is going on, nevertheless, and nobody can tell the outcome. From the question of the rules that are to prevail in the convention, cen- tering upon the traditional two-thirds- for-nomination requirement, the pre- convention debate shifts to the plat- form. Certain specific demands are made by the heads of one faction and resisted by those of the chief con- tender = Klan question dominate in this di Shall the Demo- cratic party go specifically on record in direct denunciation of the hooded organ The relizious question obtrudes, having been put forth by the faith of one of the leadin ndidates. The liquor issue is not now so much in evidence, but it may soon come into the focus of the fight. Bone-dry advo- cates will doubtless desire a distinct demand for full enforcement and no compromise; wet advocates may insist upon a demand for modification. There are the makings of a stiff fight on this matter. Foreign relations will certainly re- quire delicate handling. *“Woodrow Wilson's will” is being offered for pro- bate by the party. The proleaguers will seek to have it accepted as the mandate of the organization. Less strenuous party men look back to the campaign of 1920 and the seven-million majority cast for Harding and shy off from the league question as from something fearsome. All these questions are being talked over, behind closed doors and even in the open, while the mist settles down and lifts and drops again. The candi- dates or their managers hold court, issne orders, give interviews, make claims and watch the trains for early delegates. Not many of those who will cast votes in the convention are yet on the ground. They will not begin to come much before Monday evening. Hotel rates are not low enough to war- rant long stays, and the convention 1s likely to be protracted. And while these hectic conditions prevail a human touch is given to the situation by Gov. Smith's anxiety over his lost dog. ————— June Drinks. An Assceiated Press dispatch says that “special plans to suppress the sale of alcoholic liquors in New York dur- ing the Democratic national conven- tion will be announced, Palmer Can- field, prohibition director, said today.” Farther along in the message is this qualification: “New York will not be entirely dry,” said Mr. Canfield, “as no combination of agents could dry up New York in a day or a year, but it is hoped to reduce the traffic in liquor to as low a point as possible.” The phrase “alcoholic liquors” is used, and probably means what is commonly called “hard liquor.” Beer is legally and in fact an alcoholic beverage, but for a long time men made a distinction between hard liquor and malt liquor. What the prohibition director no doubt has in mind is sup- pression of the sale of super-alcoholic liquor. 1t delezates to the New York con- vention and the thousands of visitors who will assist at that memorable meeting have any disposition toward super-alcoholic drinks in weather such s this they must be hard-boiled and accomplished politicians. The common run of men who have not been trained in politics show in these June days a slant toward ginger pop, sarsa- parilla, ice water, soda, lemonade and watermelon. No matter what a man’s taste may be when February snows fall and March winds blow, it is be- lieved that now he inclines toward a drink that is soft and cooling. If a man thirsts and pants for something super-alcoholic under present weather conditions he surely has a thirst that marks him apart from wise and rea- sonable men. selecting maneuverings b ——————— The Republican party has every evi- dence that Senator Lodge's experiences @o not prevent him from being suf- ficiently at peace with the world to be rated as a genial guest at a dinner party. . Political Betting. “There is nobody much more foolish than the man who bets on a political proposition merely as a matter of sentiment. He is simply saying: “I be- lieve, or I hope, that So-and-so will be elected President, or governor, or sen- ator, and I believe and hope so strong- Iy that I am willing to sacrifice a bunch of money if I am wrong.” Asa matter of fact, he ought to be willing to sacrifice his money as a means of making Soand-so President, governor or senator. His bet does So-and-so no good. Its tender as forfeit if the elec- tlon goes the other way is & gesture, A a wave of confidence in the usually unresponsive atmosphere. Nobody knows, of course, how much money is put up in the course of a presidential campaign as bets. In cer- tain quarters, like the betting corner of Wall street, books are kept and totals may be available before election day. Dut scattered throughout the land are thousands of other bettors, who make their wagers privately. Their financial contests cannot con- ceivably affect the judgment of peo- ple by swaying them to the side of the favorite. In the definite betting centers, such as Wall street, the post- ing of odds may have an effect. Singularly enough, most political bettors ask or give odds. Usually odds are first asked, and after some dicke; ing are given, perhaps with a com- promise. Sometimes, however, enthu- m dominates judgment, and odds are offered as a means of inducing re- sponse. The offerer of odds is likely to overstate the proportion, just as the demander of odds is likely to un- derstate it. If bets are published or bulletined odds “prevail”; that is, are the guiding of the betting mar- ket just like the stock quotations. But there is a large difference between political bets and stock quotations. The lattef represent in a certain de- gree the relations between supply and demand of particular sec ties. The betting odds represent the relationship of enthusiasm, belief and hope on the part of respective bettors. Now is the time for highly specula- tive bets. Nobody knows who will be the Dem®ratic candidate for Presi- dent. Nevertheless there are at pres- ent 0dds of § to 5 in favor of Presi- dent Coolidge's election. They have prevailed at practically the same point for several weeks. The real “line” on the case cannot be drawn until after the Democratic convention has done its work. Then the political betting quotations will serve as a guide to at least the judgment of enthusiasts who are willing to capitalize their beliefs. Justice Works Swiftly. Two young men were yesterday sen- tenced in this city to spend ten years each in prison for robbery. They, with a companion who was let off with a sentence because of his com- parative youth and his smaller degree of complicity, held up the employes of a mercantile establishment three months ago and stole $13,847. They, of course, thought to escape scot free with their loot, but within a week one of them had been caught and con- fessed. Two of the others of the orig- inal quartet were later arrested in New York. The fourth man is still at large, but he is known, and will doubt- less also eventually be caught. This case reflects credit upon the police, and its prompt disposition is likewise creditable to the prosecuting officers and the court. The speed with which justice has been administered should have a wholesome effect. It demonstrates that there is no safety in crime, however daringly skillful in execution. A few days ago a mail train was held up by robbers in the neighbor- hood of Chicago and loot worth mil- lions was taken. Friday ten persons were indicted for the crime. Again, speedy work by the police and by the court. If the case is pressed with the same degree of energy it is possible that these miscreants will be serving prison terms before the close of the year. Crime is rife in this country, but it is not as safe an enterprise as it has been. Not even the agency of the mo- tor car has availed to prevent detec- tion. In the case of the Diamond brothers and their pals, who held up and killed two bank messengers in Brooklyn last autumn and got away in fast machines, the law in short order had them in custody, and now four men are in prison awaiting execu- tion. These young men who held up the grocery clerks here in Washington undoubtedly thought that they were going to escape altogether. Now they are on their way to prison for ten years, and their situation may well be considered as a warning by any others who may be contemplating the “‘easy money” of crime. There is no ‘“easy mone; The chances are against the criminal. He may escape for a time, but eventually he is caught. Let the swiftness of justice in the cases of these men be understood as an assur- ance that the tide has turned and the way of the transgressor has indeed become hard. —— e Psychologists have often referred to the vanity of the criminal. The Chi- cago boy who would rather be regard- ed as a kitten than as a crazy man offers an example. ————r———————— An early warning against dema- gogues may have the effect of dis- couraging some interesting oratory that may have been planned for next week's convention. —r———————— France dismisses statesmen with a readiness which indicates no confi- dence in the brains that cannot assist the franc in holding its own as money. “White Indians.” From the Isthmus of Darien have come many stories of strange people. There have been reports of white sav- ages living in the country soytherly from the Canal Zone and between the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Pan- ama, and now an American exploring expedition comes from that country, arrives at Colon and brings several “white Indians.” In the published cor- respondence from the Canal Zone these people are written of as “appearing to be primitive Nordics.” *“Nordic” is a term of anthropologists meaning a person characterized by tall stature, blonde hair, blue eyes and elongated head, evidently descended from the early people of morthern Europe. These people are described from Colon as having “fine flaxen hair, blue-green eyes and white skins.” They are com- ing to the United States, and there will be much curiosity among certain groups of scientists and among vulgar people to see them. ‘What the answer is to be must come from the men of science. Scien- tists have never come to Iqreement as to the origin of American Indians or the origin of what seem to be different races which’ we lumped under the term “Indian.” The Hnl_l_snlhn_ origia of North Amefican Indians is fa- vored. It has been held that the Maya, Aztec and other races may have been of Phoeniclan or Carthagenian origin. Same sclentists have held that carvings on monuments left by those races show relationship to Egyptian, Chaldean or Babylonian characters. There is also the question of an earlier race or races dwelling on our con- tinent than those found by the first explorers of record. So far as a layman recalls we have never found so-called ‘“aborigines” who show descent from the neolithic tribes, or tribes of the stone-implement age of Northern Europe. And now comes Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, head of the division of anthropology of the National Museum, who says that a “white Indian” in the jungles of Darien is impossible, and that “there is not a bit of scientific evi- dence to back up the claim, there can be none and if the expedition is bring- ing back ‘white Indians' they are al- binos.” This is a hard blow to the Nordic claim. The indications are that the ex- plorers have not made so rich a find as was reported. A great many strange peoples, faithfully believed in,' have been disproved. We have never been able to get a real scientific clew to the Cyclops, who had but one eye 'in the middle of the forehead. We have never been able to lay hands on the “men whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders.” We have had re- ports for tens of centuries about pygmies, but the best we have found in that line are the Negritos, and these are represented in lay groups in the anthropological section of the National Museum. Every now and then some scientist finds the bones of the earliest form of primitive man, and then other scientists take the matter up and find that after all there may not be so much in the Pithecanthropus Erectus, the Neanderthal man and the bones of the Piltsdown man. b ‘The man who wants to go into a monkey cage to call attention to the zoological resemblance between him- self and primates may encounter a so- cial difficulty. The monkeys are quite likely to look him over and decide that he is not in their set. Most of the discussion of prominent names in connection with the Demo- cratic convention has been addressed to theories that not one of them has a chance. The dark horse has seldom claimed so much consideration. Compliments will fly when Demo- cratic quality meets in New York, and it will doubtless be a relief to Senator Walsh to enjoy the contrasting ex- perience when officlating as permanent chairman. ————————— 1t is the privilege of Mr. La Follette to be exacting. He does not even de- sire applause unless it comes from selected sources. The campaign Mr. McAdoo has con- ducted assures the people that there is available to high office a man who is not afraid of hard work. It has been the fate of W. J. Bryan as a controversialist to find the scien- tists and the politicians equally set in thelr opinions. Should Mr. Dawes succeed immedi- ately in suppressing the demagogues half the pleasure will be taken out of the campaign for the radio fans. Communism has never yet benefited any class of humanity save to the ex- tent of affording momentary gratifica- tion to the habitual trouble hunters. Personal experiences do not prevent either James Cox or W. J. Bryan from being confident of a victorious Democ- racy. —_———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Sunshine. There is a sun out there in distant space A million times as big as this down here, ‘Which for our summer climate sets a pace ‘That candor must admit is most severe. Oh, mighty sun, a million times as hot, Yet glimmering benignly thus afar, I only ask, as torrid grows this spot, That you will kindly stay just where you are. Song and Sentiment. “Doesn’t it make you cheerful when the band starts that rousing tune, ‘Hail, the Gang’s All Here'?" “Not always,” sald Senator Sor- ghum. “The last time the band played that tune it wasn't my gang.” Jud Tunkins says if you don’t be- lieve times have changed think of when the Seven Sutherland Sisters set the hair fashion. Leadership. In many a good but bygone play A man will rise and have his say In accents quite distinct and loud To voice the impulse of the crowd. ‘We like to listen, now and then, To words from a “First Citizen,” But present times afford no job To fit & “Leader of the Mob.” Transportation Courtesies, “Would you give a lady a seat in a street car?” “Gladly,” declared Mr. Chuggins. “But a lady isn't content with a little politeness like that. What she wants is all the right of way all the time ‘when she's driving her car.” Recognition, The chorus lady sang and danced, Industrious and clever. The fickle public never chanced To notice her endeavor. Now, we the public must agree Art has much cause to blame us. She married several men—and she Is now both rich and famous. “De only time some men undertakes to work fast,” said Uncle Eben, “is when dey's tryin' to square deirselfs’| foh a week's rough doin's by two bours in church.” A NEW GOVERNMENT SET UP IN ALBANIA BY CONSTANTINE A. CHEKREZI, Former Commissioner of Albania to the United States. The revolution is over in Albania. It came to a surprisingly successful end, after three weeks of almost bloodless hostilities, when the insur- gent forces entered Tirana, the capi- tal, on June 10. The insurgents of the other day are the government party of today. They have already formed their own cabinet, & very remarkable one, with no one to oppose them. The members of the old government, including Ahmed Zogu, the would-have-been dictator and real power behind the throne, left the country before the capture of Tirana, fleeing in all di- rections, some by airplane, others as best they could. Some of them sought refuge in Jugoslavia: others in Italy. Yet every one expected a stiffer and more desperate stand on the part of the old government. It was believed to have the control of the army. Moreov while the hostilities lasted, grave fears of international cations arose. Italy, Jugosla Greece, old claimants of various Al- banian territories, were reported to ping, if they slept at all, with and_an ear on the Albanian situation. The American minister, Ulysses Grant-Smith, was reported to have offered his personal mediation between the contending parties, At his suggestion, also, Amerfcan de- stroyers were dispatched into Alba- nian waters, a hitherto unprecedented event in the relations between the two countries. But, happily for Albania and the peace of the Balkans, this upheaval came to a swift and decisive end. At present, the helm of the Albanian ship of state is in the sturdy hands of level-headed helmsmen. * k% ox The cabinet formed by the erst- while insurgents is a guarantee for both peace and better government. In fact, it comes into power as a “new era government.” It promises, first of all, to sweep away the rub- bish of medieval conditions, accu- mulated during the long Turkish mis- rule, and later scattered about in un- sightly heaps by the events of the world war. Under those accumula- tions the vitality of the Albanian peo- ple was giving signs of suffocation, resulting in famine and pestilence. And that was, by the way, the gist and object of the revolution. Th party and government that was power until the outbreak of the in- surrection, composed, as it was, great landowners and puny arist R was in favor of maintaining those stifling conditions as their inherit- ance of the past. In trylng to pre- serve them they transgressed, time and again, the constitutional restri tions placed on the governmental power.” One of the major grievances of ‘the’ insurgents was that the old government had tampered with the results of the last elections to the National Assembly in order to return a substantial majority for itself. The new government is, therefore, pledged to dissolve the assembly and hold new elections. P The new government has, likewise, pledged itself to bring to trial and punishment the murderers of the two Americans, George B. de Long of New York and Robert Lewis Coleman of San Francisco, and of the Albanian assemblyman, Avni Rustem. The fact is, again, that the indignation aroused among the people by these dastardly crimes cast a fatal reflec- tion on the old government and turned the tide in favor of the late insurgents. In punishing the assas- sins the new cabinet aims to re- establish the rule of law and order, which has been dangerously shaken bysthe policy of favoritism indulged in by the old government toward its own adherents. ‘Another important feature in the program of the new government is to bring Albania into closer collabora- tion with the league of nations. As it may be known, Albania holds a dual position in the councils of the league—she is a member of the league and at the same time its offi- cial ward and protege. In the ful- fillment of its obligations as a pro- tector of Albania the league appoint- ed a staff of expert organizers for the various branches of administration of this new state. But, one by one, the O delegates of the league were dis- missed by the government of Ahmed Zogu, in his desire to have a free hand for himself. To be sure, organization is the paramount need of Albania—a thor- ough, painstaking organization. Great wealth is reputed to lie under her soil. Green plains, whose surface has scarcely been scraped, lle near the coast, the beauty of which was sung long ago by Lord Byron. These plains give way to forests, almost virgin, as one moves inland. And the forests, in turn, sweep up over panoramic hills that are believed to be bursting with mineral wealth. The Anglo- Porsian Oil Company, the Standard Oil Company, the Sinclair Oil Com- pany are already on the spot, vying with one another for the exploita- tion of her ofl fields. Italian and French companies are bidding for the construction of railroads. Education has been paralyzed. For reasons of false economy Ahmed Zogu closed a great number of the schools. The Methodist Episcopal Church of America has been consid- ering the project of establishing in Albania an American college to rival the Robert College of Constantinople, but, seemingly, it has not been en- couraged to put it into execution. * % * *x Those are, broadly speaking, some of the problems that awalt solution in the hands of the present govern- ment, as outlined in the statements made iby its new head, Bishop Fan Noli. He is the founder, head and bishop of the Albanian Orthodox Church of America; a graduate of Harvard, a man of remarkable learn- ing and literary ability. He has made a masterful translation into Albanian verse of Shakespeare's “Othello,” of the orations of Brutus and Marc An- tony from “Julius Caesar” and of Poe’s “The Raven” and ““Annabel Lee.” Until the vear 1921 he was com- paratively little known in_ Albania, because he was born and had lived practically all his life outside of her territories. But in the month of De- cember of that year he won a great reputation as head of the Albanian delegation by the admission of Al- bania to full membership in the league of nations. It was a crucial moment for the fate of the Albanian people. The great powers were undecided as to whether there should be any Albania at all on the map of Europe. The council of ambassadors admonished then the assembly of the league not to admit Albania. But, in a_heroic of defiant challenge directed S| nipotence aimed by the great powers to regulate the af- fairs of Europe, th mbly of the league unanimously admitted Albania to full membership. * k x * Bishop Noli's colleagues in the new cabinet are all members of the old parliamentary opposition and active leaders in the recent insurrection. The minister of foreign affairs, Sulejman Delvina, is the war-time premier of Albania. He was at the head of the government when the Albanian people asserted thelr own independence by driving the Italian troops of occupation out of their coun- try. The minister of public works and agriculture, Kiazim Koculi, is, on the other hand, the renowned head of the force that stormed the fortified Ital- ian position by laying their heavy woolen cloaks on the barbed-wire entanglements and climbing over them, as it was reported by The Evening Star's correspondent, Hiram L. Moderwell. Strange to say, M. Koculi had spent a long time in the ranchos of far-off Argentina before he won his military laurels. Prof. Louis Gurakuqi. the minister of finance, is the leading man of the north. He has been member of sev- eral other cabinets. The two colonels of the cabinet, Redjep Shala and Kasem Kiafezezi, wero the military leaders of the in- surgent forces of the north and south, respectively, during the late hostil ties against the government of Ti- rana. To all appearances the new cabinet is a well chosen team. It ought to work as well and redeem the good name of Albania. It is high time that an end be put to the undeserved reputation that she is the chronic disturber of the peace of the Bal- kans. And it is quite possible that she be made an element of pe: Republican National Ticket Subject of Press Discussion The nomination by the Republicans of President Calvin Coolidge to suc- ceed himself was accepted as a mat- ter of course. The nation was pre- pared for it and the editorial com- ment inspired by it reflects the po- litical viewpoint of most of the writ- ers. Not so the selection of Brig. Gen. Charles G. Dawes as the Coolidge running mate. Dawes has been a subject of bitter attack and enthusi- astic praise ever since he aired his views on war costs before a congres- sional committee. His labor opinions, his banking affiliations and the man- ner in which he was forced on the ticket seemingly over the protest of the administration leaders at Cleve- land all lend picturesqueness to the comment concerning his availability. The characteristics of the two lead- ers from the Republican point of view are aptly summed up by the Kansas City Journal (Republican), which says: “Coolidge is solid, sub- stantial, dependable, with a great record of accomplishment, conserva- tive, safe and possessing the un- bounded confidence of the American people. Dawes is dynamic, pictur- esque, many sided, with an experience which’ fairly runs the gamut of pub- lic service, with a wonderfully varied record of achievement in a wide va- riety of effort, and yet with a re- serve of gifts not often called upon. Thus the “admirable qualities of Coolidge,” the Portland Express (Re- publican) adds, “are most admirably supplemented by the equally admirable qualities of Dawes. * k k¥ No “sounder two pieces of Ameri- can manhood,” says the Boston Transcript (independent Republican), “have ever been put together—they are brave enough to do what they think is right in any and every sit- » In the character of these Ba o en, the Buffalo News (Repub- lican) declares, “are combined the elements that make for success in the election and in the administra- tion of the affairs of the nation. They will, the Pittsburgh qP:ette~ ‘Times (Republican) believes, “appeal o all elements in the country that are concerned for the common wel- fares Other Republican papers ‘which follow the same line of (houshv: are the Scranton Republican, Albany ews, Butte Post, St. Paul Pioneer- gl’all, Topeka Capital, Grand Rapids Herald, Cincinnati Times-Star, Min- neapolis Tribune, Philadelphia Bulle- tin and Sioux City Journal. » * k * ¥ .The opinions of the independent newspapers are divided into two dis- tinct classes. One follows the thought of the Springfield Republican (inde- pendent), which maintains: “The country’s reaction to the combination of Coolidge and Dawes Is not yet entirely clear; however, Gen. Dawes a can ad trength to the tigket where the ticket needed strengthen- ing. If there were a Dawes vote it was already for Coolidge. Dawes has been for years the head of one of the greatest banks in Chicago. The Coolidge ticket was not in sore need of such additional banking and finan- cial connections as Gen. Dawes brings to it"; furthermore, “we shall hear much in derogation of Gen. Dawes from organized labor.” Another thing, the Reading Tribune (independent) suggests, “it will stamp the party as anti-farmer and lose for it the vast Yoting strength lying west of the Mississippi River.” The other independent viewpomt is expressed by the Lansing State Jour- nal (independent). which says that the two will appeal to all classes, for ‘what one lacks the other possesses in personality and both have records of efficiency and accomplishments back of them.” From a popular as Well as efficiency point of view, the Salt Lake Deseret News (inde- pendent) holds Dawes “will undoubt- edly be regarded as a strong team- mate for President Coolidge.” * K *x x The Democratic papers are also di- vided into two classes—those who take the Republican ticket seriously and those who do not. The latter view is pointedly put by the New York ‘World (independent Democratic), which feels Gen. Dawes is the ideal man for the ticket. because “he can advertise their goods. He can jazz the plati- tudes. He can mix with the boys at the downtown luncheon clubs and make them feel that it is not only a duty but something of a pleasure to vote the regular ticket. He will not bring disaffected labor over to the Republicans. He will not recapture the west. But he will warm up con- siderably the vote that would have gone to Mr. Coolidge any way. All that section of the Republican vote which is not on the inside of big busi- ness, but does its best to make a noise as if it were, will find in Gen. Dawes a man around whom it can rally.” * % % The serious attitude of the Demo- cratic papers is voiced by the Hart- ford Times (independent Democratic), which maintains, “Such a ticket com- mands respect and it will command many votes. It cannot be assailed upon either the basis of character or of ability. Its nomination makes it necessary for the Democracy to nom- inate similarly if it expects to be in the running. The ticket of Coolidge and Dawes will be beaten only by rallying the highest ideals and the best ability the Democracy com- mands.” The Democrats will not find the ticket an easy one to beat, as- sents the Brooklyn Eagle (independ- ent Democratic), because “Gen. Dawes makes a good running mate for the President—he, too, 1s & man of cour- age and candor, and one who will not be a negligible factor in the cam- paign.” The Roanoke World-New: (Democratic) also observes “in Dawes they have added a remarkably able, vigorous and.picturesque man to the ticket, and they have secured for Coolidge a running mate who will bring thousands of votes Al The Library Table BY THE BOOKLOVER The congressional investigations of the recent session have been so nu- merous as to crowd each other out of mind. We have, therefore, almost forgotten that these quests for vil- lalny actually included an inquiry by a subcommittee of the Senate com- mittee on foreign relations into the award of the Bok peace prize. What- ever the motives of the investigation of this “propaganda,” we recall that there were protests at the method of the award on the part of some of the unsuccessful contestants. I am not sure whether any one proposed that the 22,165 plans submitted should all be published by Congress and that the committee should read them all and pick a winner in place of Dr. Charles H. Levermore, to whom the prize was actually awarded. Since such a whole- sale job of printing was too great even for Congress to authorize, per- haps a better purpose will be served by the publication in a volume en- titled “Ways to Peace” of twenty of the plans “selected from the most representative of those submitted for the American peace award for the best practicable plan by which the United States may co-operate with other nations to achieve and preserve the peace of the world.” The selection has been made by Esther Everett Lape of the policy committee, who has written an_introduction to the book. Edward W. Bok, the founder of the award, supplies a preface, telling how he came to offer the prize. * ¥k * In addition to Dr. Levermore, au- thor of the winning plan, the other writers selected for inclusion in “Ways to Peace” comprise such names as Charles W. Eliot, David Starr Jordan, Bishop C. H. Brent, Profs. Edwin Borchard of Yale and Manley O. Hudson and Nathan Isaacs, both of Harvard; Miss M. Carey Thomas. formerly president of Bryn Mawr College: Gutzon Borglum, the artist; William S. Culbertson of the United States Tariff Commission, Charles A. Hertner, formerly assist- ant to Secetary Hoover, together with three lawyers, a chemist, a mining engineer, a statistician, an Army of- ficer and two whose professions are given as writers. It is interesting to note that a large proportion of these representative plans recommend the use in one way or another of the ma- chinery of the existing league of na- tions and the Permanent Court of In- ternational Justice. This volume con- stitutes a compendium of the best present day thought concerning the road America must follow if she is to find peace for herself and the rest of the world. It is a notable achieve- ment to have led more than 22.000 Americans to write out their ideas and untold thousands to read and discuss plans for world peace. * Kk x x In the foreign relations planks of the Republican national platform it is announced that “the basic princi- ples of our foreign policy must be independence without indifference to the rights and necessities of others and co-operation without entangling alliances.” If Dr. Herbert Adams Gib- bons had no part in framing this statement of foreign policy, at least his new book, “America’s Place in the World,"” will serve as an excel- lent exposition and defense of such a policy. He says that the so-called isolation policy,” the refusal to take sides or become involved in the in- ternal political quarrels of Europe is not only the oldest doctrine of Amer- ican foreign policy, but that in every crisis that has arisen in our rela- tions with Europe it has been re- affirmed and has met with the ap- proval of the American people. He maintains that our intervention in the world war was no infringement of this traditional policy, but that in our participation in the war and thereafter we took particular care to avoid the appearances of “entan- gling alliances.” Dr. Gibbons believes that the United States was entirely justified in rejecting the treaty of sailles and its league of nations use we were not permitted to ify it without the reservations that would obyiate such political en- glements. He points out that the ts of the past four years, during which the former allies have been constantly at loggerheads, have only served to afford more convincing justification of our rejection of the ieague. That Americans are eagerly desirous of taking an active and helpful part in world affairs is shown, according to Dr. Gibbons, by the nation-wide interest in the Bok peace plan contest, and particularly in Dr. Levermore’s proposal for the co-operation of the United States with the league of nations. He be- lleves that thoughtful Americans are in accord with the general lines of the Levermore plan, which, in_turn, the Booklover finds to be substan- tially the policy laid down in the Re- publican platform. American mem- bership in the Permanent Court of International Justice Dr. Gibbons takes for granted. * % x * “Man’s Judgment of Death” is the title of a book on capital punishment written by Lewis E. Lawes, warden of Sing Sing prison. Warden Lawes went to Sing Sing a believer in the death penalty. Since then he has witnessed more than 100 executions, and his book is a record of his change in conviction. It deals with many phases of a problem which is always new. * * * *x Corra Harris confesses in her auto- biography, “My Book and Heart,” pub- lished recently, her desires for the here- after. “My idea would be to choose a short, stout pair of domestic wings and settle down as a peaceful old gray pigeon saint in Paradise. No harp nor glittering crown for me, dear Lord! I should leave all that stage costume stuff for the public-spirited saint.” * X % % ‘When the Quaker boy, Edward Mac- Dowell, played marbles in Clinton street of the New York of 1870, and drove in the old family carry-all for all-day picnics to Central Park, he was no more attentive to his daily practicing on the piano than the average little boy. Ab- bie Farwell Brown's “The Boyhood of Edward MacDowell” tells an amusing story of Edward, who, having been pre- sented with a coveted new book, retired with his small brother to the parior, shut the door, and, bribing the child with two pennies to play on the piano and make sufficiently continuous noise to decefve the family, lay on his stom- ach on the floor and read. * * * x A South American revolution in ac- tion is portrayed by L A. R Wylie in Ler new novel, “Ancient Fires.” A ruthless soldier of fortune cuts his way through the various dramatic scenes of the story and defles convention in all its forms. As should, of course, be the case in a true romance of adventure, he suc- ceeds in everything, however great the odds against him, and even turns ap- parent evil into good. * k k% “Mrs. Montagu, ‘Queen of the Blues,’” is an extraordinary compilation of amus- ing anecdotes and hitherto little known but entertaining events. For Instance, the daughter of Mr. Bowes was a much- abducted lady. “She married the ninth Earl of Strathmore in 1767, and on his death In 1776 was wedded to Lieut. An- drew Stoney, from whom she obtained a divorce in 1789, after years of brutal ill treatment from this unmitigated blackguard. The poor lady’s life, indeed, was a_purgatory of violence. Having narrowly escaped abduction as a girl, she was actually and forcibly abducted by her husband, from whose brutality she had taken refuge in London, and carried off to Straithland Castle, only to be rescued and abducted back to town again. Her only peace was when Bowes was imprisoned in Kings Banch." ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. How many editions does The Evening Star run each day?—A. E.R. A. There are three editions daily— the mail edition, at 2:30; home edi- tion, at 3:10; regular news edltion, 4:45. When there is a base ball game there is a base ball edition at about 5:30. Q. How are radios grounded that are on busses and*trains?—M. J. G. A. They are connected with the axle of the wheel. The wheel is in constant contact with the ground. Q. Where are most of the silk goods of the world made?—W. C. P. A. The United States produces 50 per cent of the world's finished silk products. Q. What is the Biblia Pauperum? —L A R A This “Bible of the Poor” was a medieval picture book representing the chief events of man's salvation through Christ. It was meant for those who were unable to read. Q. Why is court-plaster so called? —A. F. G. A. Court-plaster was thus named because it was first applied by ladies of the court as beauty patches on the face. Q. I am receiving compensation from the Veterans' Bureau. Will this be stopped if I receive adjusted com- pensation?—F. A. G. A. Compensation or insurance re- celved through the Veterans' Bureau will not be affected in any way by the adjusted compensation. Q. Over the entrance of El To- var Hotel, overlooking the Grand Canyon of ' Arizona, is the quotation: “Dreams of mountains, as in their sleep they brood on things eternal.” Who is the author?’—C. F. W. A. It is from the pen of C. gins, who until his death was nected with the Santa Fe Railroad Company. Q._Did Columbus carry a map on his nn!Gvoyue across the Atlantic? A. Ferdinand, son of Columbaus, in a biography of the latter, tells of a copy of a map by Toscanelli which the Genoese discoverer carried with him. The map was prepared by a fa- mous Florentine doctor. It indicated the proximity of Asia to the western coast of Europe and showed in favor- able positions mid-Atlantic islands which proved to be mythical. Q. How many children had Robert and Elizabeth Browning?—A. R A. The poets had but one child, a son. Robert Wiedemann Barret Browning, who died a few years ago. Q. Were there any lives of Ameri- can soldiers lost during the transport to Europe during the world war, ex- cept by disease?—H. H. A. No lives were lost by the United States cruisers and transport force in carrying the soldiers. One cargo boat was torpedoed and sunk, with a loss of 102 Army men, and 622 lives of American soldiers ‘were lost on Brit- ish ships. The total number of lives lost, United States troops, being transported to Europe, amounted to 724. Q. When was the first buffalo nickel issued; when and why was the die changed and is there a pre- mium on the first issue?—E. P. A. The first issue of buffalo nickels was in February, 1913. In May, 1913, the die was changed, in order to bring out the words “five cents” more plain- ly. There is no premium on the first nickels. Q. What was the reform bill of 18327—J. T. A. It was a measurc passed by the British Parliament in England for the purpose of increasing the elec- torate for the House of Commons and removing certain inequalities of rep- resentatio act enfranchis the midd of England by'fi?m stroying certain property clauses and abolishing what were known as’ “pocket boroughs.” By these were meant ticns of the country which might be owned entirely by one per- son, giving him an almost arbitrary right to represent the district in Parllament or to nominate whoever he chose for that post. Q. Who Washington?—H. F. A. John Adams, who received the second highest number of votes, be- came Vice President in the first and second administrations. In the same Jefferson was elected in 179, when Adams was President, and Aaron Burr took second place in 1500 whe Jefferson was elected President by the House of Representatives. Hy the twelfth amendment to the Con- stitution, effective September 25, 1804, the electors were instructed to ballot _separately for President and Vice President. ~George Clinton was the first man nominated and elected to the office of Vice Preside vas Vice President with Q. Why are the boundaries be- tween the time zones so irregular? — H.T. D. The Interstate Commerce Com- fon fixes the houndaries hetween time zones. Often the boundaries are made to depart from the half- way position between the standard meridians in _order to suit the con- venience of the railroads or to meet the demands of the communities af- fected. Q. What is the coating on eges called that keeps the eggs from spoiling rapidly? W. G| A. When an egg is laid the shell is aled with a protective coat known s the bloom, which may be com- pared t coat of fine cement put over rough cement, in that it fills up the spaces between the coarse par- ticles. This bloom helps prevent evaporation from the exg lopment of molds and time keeps out d When this protec stroyed evaporation rapid and the egg is to contamination. Q. Where which J. had the into he: A, s no actual historical knowledge as to where the stone on which Jacob rested his head during his vision is at present. but, accord- ing to legend and tradition, this stone the one on which for ierations the Scottish kings crowned and which at present -r the British coronation ch the ruler of Great ated during the corona- tion ceremonies. The stone is kept in Westminster Abbey, England. Q. What the meaning of the name “Kelly"?—H. F. A. 1t is derived from the Gael which means “a warrior.” the reputed stone on s head when he | family of Ttaly de- Q. Is the roy royal family of Sar- scended from t present roval family of so Kings tor Emmanuel, King of in 1561. Most geneal the origin of the relg to the German Count Per- thold, who in the eleventh cemtury establi the western Alps and became Count of Savoy. In this ly obtained the isiand of Sicily with the title of king, but the isiand was exchanged in 1720 for Sardinia, to which henceforth the royal dignity remained attached. gists truce ing hous: (Have you G queston you want an- swered? Sond it to The Stor Informa- tion Bureau, Prederic J. Haskin, Dircc- tor, 21st and C streets northwest. The only charge for this service is 2 cenls s stamps for return postage.) WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE Washington is immensely more “het up” over the Democratic national con- vention than it was over the Coolidge ratification meeting at Cleveland. Everybody at the Capital knew what was going to happen at the Republi- can show, President’s running-mate. Nobody has the ghost of a notion what is go- ing to happen in New York next week or the week after. The banks of the Potomac are heavily populated with the Republicans, yet few among them look upon the November elec- tion as a 100 Der cent certain G. O. P. victory. It is the La Follette menace that keeps Coolidge patriots awake at night and makes them wonder what dire fate the political gods may have in store for them. All sagacious Re- publicans acknowledge that the out- come is problematical. At the moment, thelr fondest hopes are pinned on what they call the Democrats’ genius for doing the wrong thing at the right time, ie, nominating a weak can- didate at New York. * k¥ % In the vestibule of the Central Trust Company of Illinois at Chicago, “Charley” Dawes’ bank, there stands a beautiful bronze bust of Gen. Per- shing. It is the work of a French sculptor, who presented it to Gen. Dawes. The Republican candidate for Vice President and the general of the armies were young men together at Lincoln, Neb., when Dawes was begi ning his carcer as a lawyer and Pe shing was military instructor _at the state university. Dawes was Pershing’s personal selection as gen- eral purchasing agent for our armics in France. The banker-soldjer-dip- lomat has a couple of long-standing acquaintances in the ememy's camp. Atlee Pomerene, Democrat, of Ohio, was graduated in the same class as Dawes at the Cincinnati Law School, and George White of Ohio. former Democratic _national chairman, was born and raised in Dawes' home town of Marietta. * ¥ ¥ % Mrs. Coolidge's reputation for ami- ability and vivacity has spread across the country. It is always mentioned by people who know the First Lady, when they discuss the relative “re- serve” of her distinguished consort. Compared to the President, Mrs. Cool- idge is almost what Dr. Burton at Cleveland said Mr. Coolidge is_not, viz., hilarious. An admiring Dem- ocrat recently observed to Mrs. Cool- idge: “The Democratic party is in only one real danger this year, and that Is, a possible decision by the Re- publican national committee to send you out on the stump!" Mrs. Cool- idge is reported to have blushed de- murely under this pretty compliment. * k¥ ¥ Owen D. Young, president of the General Electric Company and col- laborator of Gen. Dawes in the repa- rations settlement, is the very latest Democratic vice presidential sugges- tion. Friends of Young argue that it would be nothing but poetic justice to match him against Dawes, inas- much as the latter's record as E:A 'l itator is so much to the fore '{:Efi“;. said to have been the eal force behind the §€(ll=menl ver there” He is a New York State native, not yet fifty, and once taught law in Boston University. He has never held public office. Har- vard, when making Young an honor- ary LL.D. this week, acclaimed him as “a master builder, through a wil- except the name of the! derness, of a highway on which the nations may travel and find the road to 3 nd to pe: ollette folks are prepar- ing a “demonstration” for “Fighting Bob” at Cleveland on July 4 that will make anything that happened there in Coolidge’s honor tame by com parison. The entire Wisconsin dele- gation in Congress, accompanied by aunts, will be on nd act as a_committee of the enthusiasm. From the Badger S 1y every one who can raise the price of railway are and hotel bills is preparing to nator et decided whether he will go to Cle and. “Young Bob," who represented him at the Repub- lican convention, may again do duty as the son of his father. Representa- tive Henry Allen Cooper, who so pic- turesquely played the role of Ajax defying the lightning at the first Cleveland conclave, will be a leading figure at the La Follette lovefeast. * X ¥ x Shipping Board officials are delight- ed with the decision of the House's select committee of investigation to continue its inquiries in Europe this summer. The committee expects to sail aboard the United States steam- ship America on July 4. The main purpose is to look into the activities of Shipping Board officials in the old world, especially on the subject of L e’ and “extravagance.” The board thought money and time would be saved probing in Europe, in- stead of detaching officials from their posts of duty for examination in Washington. Incidentally, Chairman O'Connorand his associates hope the congressmen will avail themselves of an opportunity to see exactly what the American merchant marine is “up against” in the way of Euro- pean competition. They will be able to find out, if they go about it right, that the path of our budding mercantile marine is not altogether a calm and unny ¢ S It is beset on all sides by rivalries and intrigues. to meet, first and foremost, rt which European bankers, ants, manufacturers i shippers accord to their own ship- ndustry. Such a thing is wholly king in America. * x ox ¥ In Washington there’s a popular restaurant famed for its vast collec- tion "of autographed portraits of statesmen, past, present and future. Its menu this week is adorned with this legend: “The Republicans went to Cleveland. The Democrats are going to New York. God bless them alll We are neutral in politics. Our platform is: ‘Food, Speed and Serv- ice’ " There's a suggestion for plat- form makers in the brevity of that set of principles. * % ¥ * Will H. Hayes has become a na- tional chairman again—of the asso- ciation formed to honor the memory of Paul Dresser, musician. It is pro: posed to transfer the remains of the composer of “On the Banks of the Wabash.” the Hoosler anthem, to the soil which that classic glorifies, neat Terre Haute, where Dresser was born and raised. He now lives in an ob- scure Chicago graveyard. An impos- ing tomb is to be erected in the midst of a park named after him Hays, himself a Hoosfer, has thrown himself into the movement to honor Dresser's memory with characteristic enthusiasm. (Copyright, 1024 ’