Evening Star Newspaper, June 16, 1924, Page 6

6 é THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, JUNE 16, 1924, e e———————————————————— e Y 0y e ey ey e THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.........June 16, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Busivess Office. 11th St. and Pensylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicazo ofice: Tower Building. Earopean Office: 16 Regent St.,London, Eugland. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delivered by carriers within the ity at 80 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 centy’ per month. Orders may be sent by mail or tele- phove Main 5000. Collection is made by va: Tiers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo., 70c Daily only .......1yr,$6.00;1mo, 50c Sunday only .. 1yr., $2.40; 1 mo, 20¢c All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo,, 85¢ Daily only ......1yr, $7.00;1mo, 60c unday only ....1yr, $3.00;1 mo, 25¢c Member of the Associated Press, The Associated Press is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of all news dis. redited Lo it or not otherwise credited er and also the local news pub- of “publication of The Two-Thirds Rule. A week from tomorrow the Demo- tic national convention will open in New York, and within a few hours perhaps a lively row will start over the question of the rules. The advo- cates of Mr. McAdoo's nomination, claiming to hold nearly if not quite & majority of the delegates, would like to see the traditional two-thirds nom- inating vote abrogated. For some time t murmurs of discontent with the ancient rule, which has prevailed since \e first Democratic national conven- tion, have been heard in McAdoo cir- It would only take a majority vote to change the rule, but so firmly xed is the respect for that venerable mode of nomination as part of the Democratic principle that much doubt < felt whether even McAdoo partisans would uniformly vote to make a changs \ new angle, however, has been given to the case. One of the McAdoo supporters from the west now declares that us @ matter of fact the two-thirds was dropped four years ago at Francisco, when the convention formally voted to adopt as a mode of procedure the rules of the House of Representatives. This, he now urg mukes it possible for the two-thirds to be aholished by merel adopting the rules of the 1920 conven- u This course, however, ig not as clear it might seem. The House rules that were adopted four years ago were those of parliamentary procedure. Cox was not declared to be the nominee of the convention until he had reached and passed the two-thirds point. In the minds of the delegates the two- thirds rule prevails as to a nomina- tion. It would take more than a bianket vote to establish the House of Representatives rules to overcome the traditional nominating rule, and any proposition to the effect that the pro- cedure of 1920 permits the nomination of a candidate by a majority vote is certain to raise a storm of protest. Each convention establishes its own rules. One of the first things done in New York after the keynote speech has been delivered will be to proceed to permanent organization, when the committee on rules will make a report and a vote will be had on its adoption. It is quite well assured that that re- port will be watched with the keenest interest, and anything in it that may a departure from the two- thirds tradition will be immediately and stoutly resisted. A test of the McAdoo strength may come on that rule re- as suggest There are & thousand preparations for the last day of the public school term, which draws near, and there are| thousands of thoughts that go beyond the close of school into that fair region called vacation. There is a great stir- ring over graduation in the high achools, and the happy people who are finishing their studies so far as the public school is concerned have many things beside vacation to think of, but still one feels that even they, beyond ihe momentous ceremonies in which they are to take a part, see shady groves where a hammock swings, a canoe siftly passing through still water, fields with daisies and where cowbells clank, and all that sort of thing. With the boys and girls not yet close to the graduation point and age vacation is @ most important matter. Many of the boys almost lie awake at night, so filled are their heads with pleasures of expectation. They are full of plans and golden dreams. In the rosy future are trips to the wilds alung the canal and river, jaunte in the wildness that lies beyond the suburbs, picnics where cake 19 served in hunks and the jam may be laid on thick; and fishing trips; but it would take a page to tell of the joys that are planning. And the teachers! Vacation must mean much to them. Rest, quiet, re- life from routine and the strain which ‘must be on them from their obligation of bringing up other persons’ children. A good many of us not in the public schools as pupils, nor yet as teachers, are also thinking of something that is not spelled w-or-k. ———rr— There is no intention on the part of Russia to fight over Constantinople, says Trotsky. Even an appetite for trouble may reach a point of satiety. ——aee— An Italian Crisis. Last Tuesday Giacomo Matteotti, a Socialist member of the Italian Cham- ber of Deputies, disappeared. Sus- picion immediately arose that he was kidnapped by political enemies. A motive for this crime was apparent in the fact that Matteotti had threat- ened to make sensational charges against certain members of the gov- ernment party. One of the char ‘was that Deputy Finzi, undersecretary of state for internal affairs, had been grafting; specifically, that he had ac- cepted money to bring pressure to bear on Mussolini to issue & decree permitting gambling houses to be opened at various holiday resorts. Matteotti was to have delivered & speech in the chamber- SBaturday., There is circumstantial evidence that he was kidnaped, and several people have been grrested. One of them is the editor of a Fascisti newspaper, also a deputy, who, after being questioned by a judge, resigned his office and im- mediately left Rome. He was over- taken, however, and brought back in custody. Mussolini's position is affected by this scandal, which involves practi- cally the entire Itallan governmental organization. He has pledged himself to a thorough and unremitting pur- suit of the criminals and thelir prose- cution and punishment. So far as known there is no accusation against him, but the prestige of his party is at stake in the accumulating revela- tions growing out of the Matteotti affair. Just what became of Matteotti is not yet determined. There have been reports that evidence points to his murder by his abductors. Suspicion prevails that his body was thrown into ore v/ the northern Italian lakes. That he is dead is generally accepted, and that he was slain is also believed. 1f Mussolini can bring his murderers to justice he will regain prestige. If, however, there is the slightest sign of slackness in the prosecution of this crime the Fascisti government may be overwhelmed by a reaction that has been gathering force for months and awaits only a favorable opportunity for expression National Art Gallery. There is to be no slacking in the proposal to build in this city a gal- lery for the national art collection. Sentiment among all persons in the country who are deeply or mildly inter- of such a building, and a great num- ber of persons with no particular in- terest in art feel a patriotic impulse in this matter. The statement comes from New York that “plans for the proposed National Art Gallery build- ing at Washington will be submitted to Congress at the next se: n by the American Federation of Art.” Sena tor Lodge presented a bill at the late session authorizing appropriation of $7,000,000 for such a building, and fa- vorable action on this measure will be sought at the next session. Friends of the plan in the House stand ready to press an identical bill in their branch of Congress. This is not a movement toward the creation of a national art gallery. The national art collection is already here and has been accumulating for three-quarters of a century. During the past twenty vears the collection has grown fast through gifts from artists and art collectors, and it may be fairly described as one of the world's creditable collections of art works. A part of this treasure is on exhibition in halls of the natural his tory building of the Smithsonian In stitution, but these halls were not d. signed as a gallery of art and are not an appropriate place for the showing of art works. Hundreds of paintings in the collection are stored in base- ment rooms and corridors because a the halls where the paintings hang are needed by the Smithsonian Institu- tion for display of scientific collections which have been shunted to fess de- sirable parts of the building and are stored in the basement. Tt is said by artists, and it seems reasonabie, that the nation's art collection will grow faster when the government provides a proper permanent place for its dis- play. The secretary of the Smithsonian and many other public men and pri- vate citizens of influence have spoken strongly for an arts building. Regents of the Smithsonian, and who are also members of Congress, favor the pro- posal, and there are many friends of the plan in Congress. ———————— The Tokio citizens who felt that the United States Congress hgd spoiled a series of contemplated excursions and in retaliation broke up an American dance may, it i3 hoped, be content to regard the score as even and the in- cident closed. —_————————— Many Republican leaders feel that it would have been a mistake to nom- inate Senator Borah for the vice presi- dency, and on this point the senator himself is in full agreement with the organization. ——————— There are many kinds of research work. That contemplated by , Mr. Frank Vanderlip will not be of the variety congenial to the plodding stu- dent. —atee As a great and responsible city Chi- cago will welcome the fact that its political activities succeeded for g time in overwhelming its police news. Our Increased Population. Students of statistics will be inter- ested in the announcement that dur- ing the calendar year 1923 the popula- tion of the continental United States increased 1,943,000, bringing the total on January 1, 1924, to 112,826,000. This is according to the count of the census bureau, which has & way of keeping track of gains and losses in the states, without recourse to the sweeping enumeration of the decen- nial periods. This gain was chiefly effected during the latter half of the year, when the net increase was 1,- 162,000, as against 741,000 during the first half. This, it is stated, was the greatest growth in the nation’s history in a half-year period. This unusual in- crease is attributed both to immigra- tion and to the lowest death rate which ever prevailed in this country in & similar period. The time has come when there is no particular gratification in the mere in- crease of population. Thoughtful per- sons are beginning to be concerned, indeed, on the score of congestion in certain parts of the country. A better distribution of the people is more to be desired than the swelling of the numbers. If all those who were added to the continental population during 1923 had been placed, for instance, west of the Mississippi the result would have been for the good of the country. “More important, however, is the quality. Of what kind are the new- ested in art favors the construction | there is no wall space for them. Even | | | Are they likely to become good, sub- stantial American citizens? Or are they of the sort to bring disorder? The chief problem of the United States to- day is that of law observance. To the extent that new citizens are well grounded in respect for the law they are welcome. But this problem is not one of immigration. The law-breaking which is today so flagrant is com- mitted mainly by native-born Ameri- cans. Hairpins and Bobbed Hair. What is to become of the hairpin industry if the bobbing of hair is con- tinued by modern women? Despite predictions that the shearing of fem- inine locks would soon pass as a fad, it is continuing, and would even seem to be on the increase. And with the bobbing of the hair goes a large per- centage of hairpins. The woman who needed eight or ten befare now uses only one or two. Some, perhaps, will use none at all who formerly used half a dozen or more. So the hairpin makers are in despair. The barbers have knocked the industry galley- west. Then, to cap the climax,.a Ger- man hairpin made an appearance in the American market of a type to appeal particularly to those with bob- bed hair. It has a peculiar quality which American manufacturers are now trying to-acquire. The bureau of standards, it is reported, has been looking into.the matter and has ren- dered some assistance by finding a way of tinting wire to the exadt hue that is now popular. But competition in hairpins will not be of any particu- lar moment if the market disappears. That is why the American manufac- turers of these once indispensable articles of feminine equipment are thinking of transforming their indus- try to some other lines. . An impression grows that it would be a waste of time for campaign con- troversialists to attempt to tell the public anything about oil that it does not already know. —e————— Platform construction may require deft workmanship in removing all the splinters from a plank without render- ing it too thin to stand on. e Failure to connect with the 1924 demonstration will not prevent Sena- tor Borah from holding on to a rain check for 1928. e A slightly confused impression is transmitted from Philadelphia. The vice raiders and the saloonkeepers are both reporting progress. —————e—————— in Europe a successful effort is oc- casionally made to modify a socialist’s ideas about government by electing nim to office. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. June. Nothing to do but blossom; Nothing to do but smile, When the skies are blue There's nothing to do But drift with the clouds awhile. Nothing to do but loiter In {he sheiter of leafy shade, Till the fading light | Bids the hours take flight To the land where the dreams are made. “Nothing to do,” we whisper, But the blossom its fruit must bear; And the song or sigh As it hurries by ‘Will teli of some cherished care. “Nothing to do” means sorrow, Should dreaming tco long delay, All life, we know, Must strive and grow Or falter and fade away Arts of Persuasion. “What has become of the old- fashioned spellbinders?” “It looks to me,” answered Senator Sorghum, “as if most of the species had drifted away from politics and gone in for plain every-day salesman- ship.” Credentials. When listening to an allenist Who tells of minds that go astray, I wonder if we might insist On proof that his'n is O Jud Tunkins says all the world may be a stage, but there's never a chance of getting your money back if you don’t happen to like the show. Inconsistency. I much deplore the jazzy show With jests a trifle rude; And yet to see it I will go And laugh in lightsome mood. The bathing suit that is too short, 1 vow, like all the world, Should be of a more ample sort And more discreetly furled. The slangy phrase I know is wrong And yet it makes me smile; I deprecate the ragtime song, Yet hum it for awhile. Unto my mind a question brings Some doubts I can't remove; ‘Why do I like so many things Of which I disapprove? Optical Phenomena. 'We never hear of the sea serpent.” No,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle- top. “This bootleg ruins your eyes so quick you can't even imagine you see something.” Gossipy Atmosphere. “What do you think of politics by this time?” “I'm a little disappointed in it,” ad- mitted Miss 'Cayenne. “I thought we might stimulate new ideas in political economy, and instead the gentlemen are getting together and talking scan- dall” Overlooked. For the white-collar chap No compassion is stirred. ‘We glance through the map And we have a kind word For the plumbers who plan And the farmers who fret. But the white-collar man— He is nobody’s pet! “Too meny gemmen,” sald Uncle Eben, “is influenced in deir political opinions by de fear of sayin' some- thing dat might damage de chances of comers who have helped to swell the | deir friends an’ relations foh holdin’ , to the 112826000 point?lomces P (Y q IN TODAY’S The nomination of Brig. Gen. Charles G. Dawes for the vice presi- dency has had an unexpected reac- tion in Europe. It is greeted in Berlin with aston- ishment in its supposed warning to Germany, since it is Interpreted— however unauthoritatively—as an American official indorsement of the “Dawes plan” The Reichstag had already accepted the plan, though certain amendments of the constitu- tion were necessary to make it legal, but the Nationallsts were scheming to oppose the amendments. The Nationalists, whose dream fs to re- build “Deutschland ueber alles,” re- Store the monarchy and defy the world, are dismayed at the apparent ct that they are to m the ricans in support of the French English In_ requiring Germany really to pay her reparations. The French anti-Poincare party of the Left, succeeding to nower on the very day of the Dawes nomination, rejoice in their assumption that “the American-indorsed Dawes plan” will enable them to collect where the Millerand-Poincare invasion of the Rubr has failed. “Monsieur Daw is no less popular than “Herr Dawes ok ok ok About as ny Americans have studied the intricacies of the Dawes plan as have comprehended the Ein- stein theory, and considerable mis- comprehension of conditions in Ger- many prevails. The Germans are accuscd spiracy, of rebelliousn against meeting_the obligations of repara- tions. “They are accused of having sequestered” their wealth in foreign investments for the purpose of evad- ing taxes to meet the debt. Capitalists | have continued to live in luxury, taxes have b lower than in the victorious nations. Reports of the starving of the poor of Germany have been doubted, for to the out- | sider the situation was summed up in the statement that Germany had suffered no invasion, no devastation and had ll her labor resources that had existed before the war, less only those killed or incapacitated in bat- tle. Hence with the tradition of Germany’s surpassing “efficiency,” if | now she did not pay her obligations | it seemed certain it was due to the | will to defeat the Versailles treaty It has therefore been asserted with cocksureness that all that wa needed was to “open her mills, i #tead of her mints,” and get to work The dictum has been accepted that | when Germany produced more wealth than she consumed the excess could be applied on her debt, and all would be well. From that viewpoint, then, what were the problems which have been solved by the Dawes plan? % ox German “efficiency” has been vaunt- | ed until the impression has been | given that, surpassing all other | peoples, the productivity of German labor, prior to the war, was un- cqualed and was accumulating great wealth in her treasuries. On the con- trary, “th® German trade balan. unfavorable for twenty conse vears before the war,” according a book, “Germany’s Capacity to Pay by Dr. Harold Moulton and Dr. Constantine E. McGuire, published by the Carnegie Institute of Economic The excess of IMPOrts OVer exports would have impoverished Germany without a war but for the revenu derived from foreign investments, estimated in 1913 to amount to eleven | and a half billion gold marks. When the war came these investments were confiscated by the alien property cus- todians of the various countries at war with Germany, and they have | not yet been restored. That loss of | income left Germany with nothing to | cover her continued and increased unfavorable trade balance. * x % % Prior to the war Germany pro duced only 80 per cent of her food Today she is producing only 70 per | cent of her pre-war requirements and | importing far less than before 1914 The difference is made up in de- creased rations. It is reported by scientists that the people are ecating only half the calories required to maintain efficiency in labor. In the British Parliament it was said a year ago that owing to labor- saving machinery in America the American wage earner produces five times the output of an English me- chanic. If that be true in England the proportion doubtless holds true also in Germany. where labor-saving m; of con- ce was utive to Disappointment To Provide Relief to Farmers Although the majority of editors admit that the McNary-Haugen bill had no saving virtue, there is general disappointment that Congress ad- journed without having passed some effective legislation in behalf of the farmer. This is particularly true, editors point out, because aid through legislation had been prom- ised during the last congressional elections, some campaigns being conducted on that basis. Since noth- ing has been done, editors fecl there will be a positive protest through the ballot. “The McNary-Haugen proposal was a roundabout maneuver to hood- wink the farmer, penalize the con- Sumer, undermine industry, provoke foreign reprisal by its ‘dumping’ feature, and, in the end, yield a fat profit to the speculator and the middleman in the grain and meat market,” in the opinion of the De- troit Free Press, which maintains, however, that “if this scheme de- served to die, there was no reason why one or another of the many farm relief measures before Con- could not have been put to the The Spokane Spokesman Review regrets that the sponsors of the measure “became convinced that the way to get relief for the dis- tressed wheat growers was to offer a log-rolling plan to win the support of ‘mers engaged in other produc- tion,” because “it would have been better tactics if they had adhered to the lines of the bill as originally proposed by the American Wheat Growers,” for “that plan was free from reasonable objections. The Sioux City Journal declares that “government aid of a character that temporarily would relleve the dis- tressing conditions and give the farmers a chance to live while searching for the best way to con- trol their own business ought to be provided.” Those who belittle the farm depression “are ignorant of conditions,” continues the Topeka Capital, which insists that “the best that the most optimistic can gay is that it has reached so low an ebb that it must get better because it can hardly grow worse.” * K * * “They know nothing about the fine farms in the west that are lylng un- tilled,” according to the Oregon Journal, which claims “they cannot be made to understand that the big tracts “peopled and worked would make such markets for manufactured goods and for the merchandise of the great stores as this country has never seen; that it would make a universality of prosperity such as America has never known.” If those who_are hostile to the farmer, the St. Paul Pioneer-Press argues, ‘‘con- sider that merely by defeating the McNary-Haugen bill they put an end to ‘equality for agriculture,’ they are vously mistaken,” because—"that BY PAUL V. COLLINS. | marks a | bonds and th | become SPOTLIGHT inery is no more “bundant than gland and where today the laborer is undornourished. American industry, it = claimed, can pay four times ihe wages paid in Germany, yet meet competition in the world markets, provided German wages are paid in sq £old-based moncy. The n found this ineffi- in Germany, with its conse- quent nability to buy products or even raw materlals of other coun- tries with ity worthless paper money. Fven If the indust could produce wealth in_excess of home consump- tlon the surplus would be measured in paper worthless in paying foreign debis. The only way that wealth can pass from Germany to a foreign country, an yet madntaln sound money, is through rmany’'s exporting more than she lmports, creating a foreign credit by he was not able to do_ this her home production before th Will she be enabled to do it By what revolutionary methods? b Tho only real wealth in the world Is what i produced by labor. Ger- many cannot produee gold, for she has no gold mines. She posse: '8 only hout 2,000,000,000 in gold— about what will pay one years in- stallment on her reparations, if paid in gold. It (s an obvious impossibils ity to drain her gold to pay foreign deébts without replenishing that sup- ply from foreign countries in ex- change for more manufactured ex- ports than the tot, imports—ereat- ing a trade balance to her credit in foreign countrie These were the conditions confronting the Dawes in- vestigation. with war. il * X% The Dawes commission three great resources to The railroads are owned by government and are valued at billion gold marks. It is proposed to transfer them to a private corpora- tion, and to sell railroad bonds to tho amount of 11 billion gold marks to the eredit of the reparation ac- count. The railroads will continue to pay taxes on traffic—to be charged ipping and passengers. These 5, 250 to 290 million gold marks, rto going to the government, | will g0 to the reparations. The rail roads must pay interest on the bonds 3 to 660 million gold marks an- nually. The government is to assess a levy on all 'indusiries in bonds totaling five billion gold marks. The ap- parent prosperity of capitalists since the armistice is not due to production but to persistent failing in value of the inflated paper moncy, which en- wbled the industrialists to pay off millions of their ordinary bonds in depreciated money. Those profits will now be ahsorbed by the government ind paid in bonds for the reparations account The general budget is to pay from 0 million gold marks, beginning after the plan is accepted, million after the fourth discovered capltalize. the 26 one y up to year. rom these three sources Germany will raise a total of 2,500,000,000 gold ear on the reparations ac- count, all to pass into a bank of issue to be ‘financed by selling stock, most- to forelgn capitalist 1 con- rolled by a majority of forefgn di- rectors £ x * These details cover only ternal machinery for producing alth through setting the to work—not methods of getting the wealth out of the country without sapping the gold which Is the basls of sound money, for that would stop her purchase of raw materials and stop her industries There is the crux which may lead to the most disagreement Payments outside of Germany can- not exceed Germany's trade balance in exports. But exports are impos- sible unless countries will accept them as imports. Even her exports to other countries will affect our bor conditions, it is claimed, because of competition in the world mar- he unswer is given that what { would lose in that competition we would g in increased purchas- ing power of the rmans in their prosperity. The allies, through the control of the bank an control the competition | German exports whenever they troublesome, and our five fold productivity per man still gives a even with the in- we laborer of Issue, of at Germany can ever will cover the full damages and | of the war. The Dawes com- on was not empowered to fix a fotal, but only to ascertain how much she could pay per year and how could be restored to activity. (Copyright, 1924, by Paul V. Collins.) Marks Failure cquality is something which agri- culture is going to demand, in sub- tantially the same form, so long as there are exportable agricultural surpluses and a protective tariff.” What the west is going to do about it, the Des Moines Register holds, “is what disturbs the enemies of the bill, who for some unaccountable reason have failed to realize that western unrest is real”. The Register goes on to say “the farmers have got to take some thoroughgoing lessons in | pulling together if they expect to be listened to in_ Washington.” The Lincoln State Journal considers the experience of the past six months worth while “if it has opened the farmers' eves”; furthermore, “it is high time the farming west quit playing the gullible rube and learned to take care of itself,” for “it must See where its economic-political in- terests lie and follow a hard-headed policy of pursuit of those interests as other industrial groups do.” * * ok ok The Omaha World-Herald suggests that not only the farmers feel bitter disappointment, but 'very business man, every workingman and profes- slonal man is learning anew the les- son that has been learned before and forgotten — that the prosperity of every class and interest and section is wrapped up in the prosperity of the farmer”; therefore, there is a wide- spread “feeling of disgust and resent- ment."” The breakdown of *all Con- Eress’ glittering promises ought to make the farmer look closer into what Congress is doing for the other chaps,” the Milwaukee Journal con- tends, because “unless the farmer is ready to demand that price-fixing tarift scheme be ended and back it With his votes, he will have to go along placing ' his faith in empty promises—and borrowing more money to meet his notes.” Indorsing this the Lincoln Star adds that Congress ‘should remove the generous subsidy Which it has conferred upon eastern manufacturers through the provisions of the high protective tariff.” * ok ok % “Congress, having failed to’provide relief to the farmer and having left him in a competitive selling market,” the Wichita Fagle balieves, . “might well ponder the absolute necessity of seeing that the market in which he buys be made also a truly competi- tive one” 'The Detroit News calls attention to the report that a move- ment 18 in the making for a sub- stitute measure which will embody the principle of the defeated measure, but which abandons . th Messag. McNary and Haugen, and it declares “it {s difficult to see In what wise this will improve the scheme for a government farm export agen- cy,” because “it was the principle of ‘the McNary bill that made it utter- wbly unacceptable.” -~ | plication | alike ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. What political parties were in existence at the time of the framing of the Constitution?—T. A. A. The leading parties at the time of the establishment of the republic were the Federalists and the Anti- Federalists, forerunners of the Re- publican and Democratic parties respectively. The Federalist party as followed by the Whigs. The first known suggestion of the name Re- publican party appeared in a letter written by Horace Greeley. The earliest convention of importance to adopt the name Republican was held at Jackson, Mich., July 6, 1854, The present Democratic party was first known as the Anti-Federalist or Re- publican party, afterward the Dem- ocratic-Republican party and finally the Democratic party, which name it adopted during the administration of President Jackson. Q. How many organizations are members of the Chamber of Com- merce of the United States?—FP. A. A. On May 1, 1924, there were 1,349 organization members. with under- lying membership of 766,226, Firms and corporations that were assoclate members number 8512 Q. In the event that the veteran has died before makin pplication, or if he is entitled to eive adjusted service pay has died after making ap- but before he has received payment, who will be entitled t adjusted’ service credit?—F. E. D A. His adjusted service credit shall be paid to his dependents in the fol- lowing order of preference: (1) to the widow or widower If unmarried; (2) if no unmarried widow or widower, then to the children, share and share (3) If no unmarried widow or ver, or children, then to the (4) if no unmarried widow wer, children or mother, then to the father. Q. ls _any living artist represented in the National Galtery, London?—G. A H. A. John Sargent is the oniy living artist whose work is here exhibited The Wertheima collection of Sargent vas presented to the gallery last ear. his wido Q. What is the record yvield of po- tatoes per acre in the United States? —W. C. H. A. The Department of Agriculture ays that the record vield of potatoes per acre in the United States is 974 bushels and 48 pounds, or 58,458 pound: year 1890 by of Johnson county, Wyo. Q Pharach turgis Has the tomb of Smenkhkara, of Egypt about 1300 B. C B. The Egyptian department of the olitan Museum says the tomb nkhkara (it is not certain that 5 is the correct reading of his ne) has been discov Thirteen- eight B.C. is a better date for than 1300 B.C. He was not a pharach, nor was Tut-ankh- Amen. It is true that the tombs of all the great pharachs are now known, but they were all plundered in antiq and there is a considerable number of pharaohs, perhaps several dozen whose_tombs have never heen found We do not even know with certainty o names of some of them and those had very short reigne in trou- times may never have had Q. Give a shart outline of tha life of Christopher Gist—G. C. B. A. Christopher Gist was a colonial ut, woodsman and surveyor, pro: inent in historical records from 174 to 1753. He was the son of Richard Gist, a presiding magistrate of Baiti- D. C.-Federal Fiscal Relation To Be Up Next Session The controversy over the fiscal re- lations of the federal and District governments does not end with the drastic action taken in the last few | days of the session of Congress just closed. Even granted that Congress in both branches has gone on record in favor of the principle of a lump-sum appro- priation from the federal Treasury toward the upkeep of the Nation's Capital, there are still two or three important matters to be settled: First—What is a fair and just lump sum contribution? ccond—When a fair Jump sum has been agreed upon, why should the budget bureau longer continue to use the pruning knife on District esti- mates when the people here are go- ing to pay the bill? Third—How soon is the federal government going to turn over to the District for public works in_the Na- tional Capital the nearly $4,500,000 surplus from District taxes now held in the federal Treasury? Friends of the District in Congress are still giving serious consideration to the fiscal problem, trying to have it settled between the federal and Dis- trict governments on an equitable and permanent basis that Congress will not disturb annually at the whim of some one or two members indulging in the practice of bullying the Dis- trict when it can't fight back. In the closing hours of the ses- sion a member of the House Dis- trict committee under a five-minute leave put into the Congressional Record ten pages of remarks regard- ing the District, largely of a critical character. In the course of his re- marks he promised to bring in early in the next session what he termed a proper tax measure, which would relieve the federal government from paying more than $5.000,000 toward the support of the Capital City of all the_people. i . That threat, while tlie ink was still wet on e measure fixing the federal share of the Capital's ex- penses at $9,000,000, shows clearly that there is no guarantee that $9,000,000 will be maintained year after year as the federal quota, but indicates that early and repeated ef- forts will be made to reduce the amount to a dwindling minimum. Tt became apparent during consid- eration of the District appropriation bill, and especially the fiscal rela- tions provision, by the conferees for the Senate and House that some steps ought to be taken toward stabilizing fiscal conditions for the future. TRepresentative William A. Ayres of Kansas strongly urged the adoption of a resolution fathered by Repre- sentative R. Walton Moors of Vir- rinia for appointment of a special committee to report whatever legis- lation might be found desirable. This was agreed to on the part of the Senate conferees, but the conference failed to get gne or two of the House conferees to agree upon it. 4 * k¥ ¥ Just exaotly what the Senate con- ferces and Representative Ayres were united In supporting, but what Representative Charles A. Davis of Minnesota, chairman of the House conferees, refused to accede to, is as follows: wThat a committee to be composed of three senators, to be appointed by the President of the Senate, and three representatives, to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, and three residents of the District_of Columbia, to be appointed by the President of the United States, is created and is authorized and di- rected to inquire into the present fis- cal relations between the United States and the District of Columbia, with & view of ascertaining and re- porting to Congress whether the United States uld contribute a fixed or lump-sum amount annually as its share of appropriations for the more, his family having come from | England _and settled in that city. | From 1749 tp 1753 he explored the Ohio Valley in the interest of the | Ohio Company. On the lith of No vember, 1753, Washington, then on an expedition to the Ohio to determine | the French designs, met Gist and took him as a guide. It is said that Gist saved Washington from drowning hile crossing the egheny River. ! He afterward publihhed a journal of | his expeditions. Q. Who is * I S A A. Arthur Nash, president A. Nash Tailoring Co. of Cincinnati, who has undertaken to practice th. principle of brotherly tove in his bus- iness, has been given this name. He recently distributed among his 5,000 employes & $600,000 dividend #nd stock which ultimately will give them control of the enterprise jolden Rule” Nash?— of the Q. Does America produce as much coal as It uses? —A. I A. America produces 43 per cent of the world output and consumes per cent Q. Why was Abraham Lincoln's mother called Nancy Hanks instead of Mrs. Lincoln? S A. Prior to her mother _of Abraham Lincoln Nancy Hanks. It not infreguentl happens that the mothers famous men are referred to by their Christian and malden names. For cxample, the biography of the mother of James Barry written by her son is called “Margaret Ogilvie Q. What is the significan Forefathers' day?—W. D, V. A. It is the day celebrated to com- memorate the anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims and was first observed in 1769, Q. How much d Guiana postage stamp | Hind?—A. B. €. A. The sale price for this stamp. the only one of the kind kpown be in existence, was § 00 Tt wa « part of the Ferrani collection sold in Paris and It is understood that | the tax required by France w | $9,000, making the total stamp more than $41,000. Q. What do_the stand for?—B. M. G. A. These letters, which quently seen in articles and are the abbreviation for gratia,” which is a Latin ver: the phrase “for example mar; the British Arthur letters are Q. Where was Alexandre born?—V. I M A. The famous author was born in France. His father, Gen. Alexandre Dumas, was the natural son of th Marquis_de la_Pailleterie. rich col- onist of Santo Domingo, and a negress named Dumas. Q. Was Champ Clark ever a col- lege professor’—R. I was president of Marshall t Virginia, in 1573-74 Dumas Q. How much weight will a dirigi- | ble balloon with a capacity of 30,000 | cubic feet of gas carry?—D. V. H | A. Tt will carry 1,920 poun The | nding of a balloon which is carry- | ing its full capacity is sometimes a ! ditficuit undertaking. It depends | tirely upon conditions as to the amount of gas that must be allowed to escape in order to make a xafc ding. Some laneings are de without allowing any gas to escape while as much as 2,000 cubic feet c is sometimes let out to effect al (Readers of The Evening Star should send their questions to The Star Infor- | | mation Burcau, Frederic J. Haskin. di- rector, 2Ist and C_streets morthawest. Washington, D. C. The only charge for this service is 2 cemts in stamps for return postage.) District of Columbia in lieu of the | existing percentage proportion basis and, if €0, what would be a fair and equitable amount to be so contributed. “The committee is further author- ized and directed to inquire into the relations of the government of the District of Columbia with depar ments and branches of the govern- ment of the United States, with a view of ascertaining and reporting wheth- er there should be vested in municipal officers certain duties and responsi- bilities in connection with estimates, appropriations and expenditures of the District of Columbia now vested in the federal officers. “The committee is further autho: ized and directed to make a survey of the administrative services of the government of the District of Colum- bia and report what changes, if any, may be desirable or exped necessary in the present municipal organization: particularly should find, and recommend, the federal gov- ernment should contribute a fixed lump sum amount annually as_its share of appropriation for the Di. trict of Columbia in lieu of the pres- ent percentage basis. “That the officers and emploves of all administrative services of the wov- ernment of the Distri® of Columbia shall furnish to the committee such information regarding powers, dutie activities, organization and methods of business as the committee may from time to time require, and the committee, or any of its employes, when duly authorized by the commit- tee, shall have access to and the right to examine any books, documents, papers or records of any adminis- trative service for the urpose of se- curing information needed by the committee in the prosecution of its work. “The committes shall report its findings relative to all matters herein contained to the Senate and House, respectively, on or beforo the first Monday in" December, 1924.” * * ¥ % Results showed that no appropria- tion bill for the District would have been passed, o bitter was the oppo- sition of at least one of the House conferees, if that action proposed by Representative Ayres and agreed to by the Senate conferees had been in- sisted upon. Representative Ayres is determined to continue to urge that some sort of a committee be appointed to we- termine what is. the falr and just lump sum that the federal govern- ment should pay. Ropresentative Moore, author of the resolution, has never taken an ob- structive stand relative to the amount of contribution to be made by the federal government, or in reference to any other phase of the question. He has consistently urged that the present condition of ~ uncertainty should be removed, and that one method of guarding against the de- lays and hasty action which have marked the past would be through appointment of a joint committee of the Senate and House to have charge of District legislation and ap- propriations instead of maintaining separate Senate and House commit- tees, as at present. The entire subject will be consid- ered again in the next session of Congress. In a Few Words. The old saying that the king can do no wrong has been changed to the people can do no Wrong. . —A. W. PEZET. I have found women's brains as good as men's and men’s hearts as good as women's. —SHEILA KAYE SMITH. 1 abhor sentimentality in women, because I believe it to be a masculine weakness. —H. L. MENCKE! Solitude is the real secret philosophy. —M. BRIAND. en- | is |SLIM FARM MARKET FOR U. S. IN EUROPE Institate of Economics Against Predictions Trade Pick-Up. Warns of COMPETITION IS TO0O KEEN / Result of Conditions Developing Even Before War. “For the United States to plan its ricultural future on the assump tion that Europe may be induced to buy large quantities of American foodstuffs at higher prices than now prevail would be to build on quick sand.” This is the conclusion of the Institute of Economics, based on an exhaustive study of European needs European purchasing power and the competition offered by -other food- producing countries. The study has been made by Dr. Edwin Vourse, a member of the council of the institute and president of tho American Farm conomies Association. The limited European market which now confronts the Am farmer,” says the institute, * result of conditions which were dc veloping even before the war. About the turn of the century America agricultural exports Legan to decline owing 10 a combination of influences European countries were increasing their own production of foodstuff~ and the competition of Canada, South America, South Africa and Australia for the European markets creasing. At the same srowth of our own domesti was lessening our exportable surplus Reversed by War. “The great war reversed t rent for a time. Not only were th uropean demands for foodstuffs in ased, but. in consequence of the shipping problem, the United States Lecame the most available source supply. In response to the incr demand and to the o 00d will win s the ch and to our strous re fa dented prosperity cam ers, resulting in the di: land boom with which all miliar. Cauxe of Collapse. When the war ended it was naive- assumed that thesa wartime de- nds and wartime prices would con indefinitely. Immediately fol- the armistice they did con- tinue for a time, being made Possi blo by additional isions of credit This piling up of debts to the United tates, however, could not go on for- ever, and the inevitable collapse came in 1420. “Today,” concludes the institute “the pre-war trend of decreasing ports has been renewed in intensificd form. FEurope's agricultural produc on is being restored faster than her industry, and, consequently, than the buying power of her c And the ttion of rival producing arcas Keener than cver before. T whole economic tide is against an in - of European demands and high for American foodstuffs in th The solution of 's must_therefore sought in internal readjustme a changed world situation.” “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.” —HENLEY. Discipline, rules and constantly before Rudyvard Kipling ir his early years, and he had to submit and follow without question, Born of English parents in Bomba: India, he played with Indian childre and learned to read at his mothe side. At five he was sent to England and, living with relagives. school where he was subjected to nar- row and irksome tr Then came the rough and rigid 1if at the United Service College of West ward Ho, managed by vivil and mil tary officers for voung men intendi to enter the Indian _sery H edited the College Chronicle, an when, at sixteen. he returned to Indix he found work on the editorial stafl of the Civil and Military Gazette a! Lahore. And there the editor told him that orders were not only orders but that they must be obeved on run, not on a wal Next assistant editor of the Pioner at Allahad. he had frequently to g up short “fakes.” and wrote sketche verses and parodics in a hurry. Thes he compiled into “Departmental Dit ties.” and had them published in & cheap booklet. “Plain Tales from the Hills* and other volumes followed While touring the world for I newspaper he tried to sell his mani scripts in America, but America had resented his severe strictures this country, and he left disappointed Finally, at twenty-seven Years, rec ognition came. Then, in England “The Courting of Dinah Shad” anc The Light That Failed” appeared. At twenty-nine he married an Americal and settled near Brattleboro. Vi where he issued “Barrack Room Bal- lads” and other wor Then cam: a quarrel with an “in-law" that endcd in court and he quit the country dis- gusted, Next in Africa he found ma- terial for his jungle stories. Back in New York in 1889, hc nearly died of pneumonia at the time his daughter succumbed to the dis- ease. And America sympathized and grieved with him. He established : home near Brighton. Ingland. and produced many works that brought greater tame. Then came the world war and his son went into No Man's Land, never to_return i He 'was awarded the Nobel prize in 1907; other honors followed and to- day, at fifty-eiight, he is considered one of the world's greatest writers (Copyright.) system wer a Luxury Taxicabs. The last note in luxurious taxicabs is now to be seen on the London streets. Tt is dark blue in color with a fine threading of light blue It carries no fewer than ten lights to brighten its way by night. The occu- pant can dim or switch off the three interfor lights at will. The furnish- ings include curtains of blue and gold brocade, maroon upholstery, Spring- cushioned tip-up seats, leather arm swings, three mirro; ash trays, a silver flower vase and an ampiifier for the speaking tube. A gilt Statue of Liberty surmounts the bonnet. They Seem to be very popular with the London public and also with the driv ers, for, although they are not allow- ed to charge more than the ordinar. rates, the “tips are somehow larger, as one of them sald. A New Stage Idea. The French architect Perret, wlo built the Theater des Champs Elysees perhaps the most beautiful playhouse in Europe, has a new idea. which he i8 to put into execution at next years great exhibition of the decorative arts. It is a rectangular auditorium, which will face two ways. It will be longer than it is wide, and at the narrow end there will be a small stage suitable for delicate comedy and other plays of an intimate appeal. On one of the long sides will be a much larger stage, designed for trag- edy and spectacular drama. It will even be possible for Y:mth of th?u stages Lo be used in the courss of a ulnsle play, for each seat will swing around on & pivot., and the spectator Will be able to face both ways. In- cidentally, also, a man who has bought a seat in & back row for the small stage may sudgenly find that he is admirably placed in the second act, when the action is transferred to the larger. stage.