Evening Star Newspaper, June 8, 1924, Page 41

EVERYDAY RELIGIQON By RT. REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. PLACES AND PEOPLE. T. MATTHEW, 21:17, “He went out of the city unto Bethany, and lodged there.” Places and personalities are almost inevitably and always associat- ed together. Weimar suggests Goethe: Abbotsford, Sir Walter Scott; Pari: Napoleon, and o on through the long list of villuges, towns and cities of the world. In our own individual lives there are certain places in which we have had our epochal experiences and we never think of them or visit them without becoming reminiscent of the past. Sometimes it is an ob- scure spot, unfrequented by the mul- titude that by reason of some signal cvent becomes famous, and to it in later periods men and women go as to Some shrine It is a fine thing to build up about some definite place associations and memorics that are refreshing and in- spiring. Most of us today live such hurried lives that we cannot dwell in any one place to make it rich with incidents and experiences that are useful and abiding. Even the cliff dwellers had more of permanence in their lives than most of our migratory peoples today. Childhood is the period that lends itseif most largely to the influence of associations. It was this that prompted the lines: “How dear to my heart are the scenes of my childhood, When fond recollections present them to view.” Sentiment Impaired. How many children there are today Who are denied the great and precious privilege of a real family roof-tree. Said a facetious son of one of these migratory households: “I am going to gather together all the pictures of the many houses in which my family has lived and make a composite of them and call it ‘home.” There was something tragic about this state ment. The serious thing about such situation is, that it deadens if it oes not destroy the habit of reflec- tion and impairs the finer things of sentiment. In the life of Jesus there are cer- tain places that must always be as- sociated with the great events in His life. Bethlehem has become such a shrine that vearly the peoples of every race and language say in uni- son: "Let us now go, even unto Beth- lehem, and see this thing which is come 1o pass.” Nazareth the homely hill town in which his youth and young manhood wero passed. where the village folk referred to Him the ‘carpenter's €on’ must always be regarded with reverent interest. Capernaum that witnessed some of His great works and that He declared had been ‘exalt- ed to heaven' will always be as- sociated with His ministry to men. ut of all the places where He left a | the enduring impress of His character perhaps none excels the little v.llage of Bethany or the silent helghts of Olivet. In these two places He dis- closed the deep humanness of his nature as well as the divineness of His mission. = Bethany Temporary Home. Bethany was to Him a temporary home. Here he found congenial friends, here there was a respite, however, brief, from the intensity of His mission. It is interesting to note that it was at a simple home, burdened with a great Sorrow, that He pronounced those immortal words that have been the comfort and solace of millions of men: "I am the resur- rection and the life, he that believeth in me shall never dic.” Not without design, may we believe, did He bring this message to the place where it was most needed. 5 Bethany and its simple home life and its homely village people ap- pealed to Him more than the crowded streets of the city. He loved people, but He seemed to love them more where life was natural and free. He sought for action in the city and He cried out with passionute yearning to its people. He sought for quiet in the country and while appavently resting, uttered some of the greatest messa g He ever guve to men. Bethany in His eventful life speaks of repose. It suggests a period when the strain was off; when He could sit with the two sisters, Mary and Martha for quiet intercourse, only a few fragments of which are pre- served, fragments so precious that upon them the world has built a veritable system of belief and prac- tice. The whole enviroment of Beth- any suggests simplicity, homeliness, freedom from all that is arlffi»clul and superficial. ““True to nature’ might well be written under this famillar scent. Jesus at home: ves. He who wandered alone, often unfriended. without shelter, has stamped His en- during personality upon the home in Bethany. Repeatedly, the vearning for some old. familiar scene comes to us in our later days of intense ac- tion. In the midst of so much that i purried and hectic and confused, we all rn for certain old places in Which we developed possibly the Strongest qualities of our mature. What a stimulating and rejuvenating thing it to keep these sacred spots fresh in our memories: yes. what a great thing it is for the muintenance of the finer things of our nature to treasure those experiences that speak of daye in which the hardening and Qeadening influences played no part; days when we could be to the utmost our real selves. Religion itseif is bound up with these treasured. early experiences and with those glorious personalities whose lives gave us our finest out- looks and richest sentiments. We shall retain the most whole- come things of sentiment as we keep close to those places in which were generated the noblest and truest im- pulses of our life. (Copyright by Current News Kathleen Mavourneen Now Ultra-Modern Business Girl om_ First Page.) h Free State is exerting itself to encourage this industry. heep raising flourishes limestone plains of central Galway and in Roscommon and Mayo. Great ficlds of turnips are grown exclusive- 1y as sheep feed Ireland’'s railways compare favor- ably with those of the rest of west- ern Europe. There are 2,705 route miles of trackage mostly standard gauge . The Free State is showing a keen interest in developing these lines. The present freight tes are causing considerable dissatisfaction and a government commission now is at work seeking some solution for the problem. Additional railway ex- tensions are advocated. There are 600 miles of na able rivers and ‘anals, but these have fallen largely into disuse, Two years ago they car- ried less than 7 per cent of the total tonnage transported in the country. Maritime facilities are good One bad drawback. according to the de- partment of commerce report. Is the high wage paid Irish dock laborers as compared with those in England. The Free State ix energetic in seek- ing means to increase the There are three great Pojts— and Queenstown in the Free and Belfast in Ulster Industries Handieapped. Ireland is unlikely ever to become a great industrial country because she never can produce sufficient coal for her own needs. Her coal resour- ces consist of shallow deposits of low grade, semi-bituminous which are scattered widely over the country. ‘With the exception of about 100,000 tons produced annually in Kilkenny most of the coal imported from Wales and England Estimates place the area of the peat bogs of Ireland at three million <. or more than one-seventh of the area of the entire country. Their depth exceeds forty-five feet in places 2nd the average depth for large areas is about twenty feet. It is estimated that the potential production of these bogs is about three billion tons of dried peat. This great natural re- ‘source, however, offers little hope to_industry. The development resources is _interes has been estimated tht ower per 24-hour Bontinually from the rivers and la of the country. This would be eq Qlent to a total consumption of . @00 tons of coal a year. The total annual consumpeion of coi S famd mow is lexs than 5.000.000 tons. Thus far, however, there have been no important developments of Irish Water power. The Shannon. Erne. Bann and Liffy rivers are the four on the Dublin State of water power ting_ Ireland. It 500,000 horse- 00.- shipping. | principal potential sources of hydro- electric forces. In 1923 direct exports from the United States to Ireland weré valued at $17,300,000. It must be remem- bered, however, that many American articles found their way into the Free State and Ulster by way of Fngland, so_that this figure by no means represents the total value of the market to American manufac- turers, even during the necessarily troubled period that followed so soon after the restoration of peace. Amer- jcan goods are looked upon with favor, according 1o the commerce department report, and the market is open for continual expansion if shippers take advantage of their opportunity. Desize to Buy Direct. With the establishment of a cus- tocs tariff system and fiscal separa- tion from Great Britain, merchants in the Free State are manifesting a growing desire to buy direct from the seller rather than from middle- men in London or Liverpool. The foreign trade statistics of the depart- ment of commerce report refer only to the direet trade between the Ameri. can ports und Ireland. In 1922 the value of American exports was more than double that of the average pre- war year. The trade balance in fa- vor of Ireland in 1923 was $11.500.- 000, while in 1922 it was $6,000,000 in favor of the United States. “Although Great Britain hasa prac- tical monopoly on the Free State trade,” says the report. “there is no time more opportune than the pres- ent for American exporters to gain a greater share. This, of course, pre- supposes a reciprocal trade. Ameri- can goods already are extensively used and favored and a. great in- centive for their growing use is the presence of a large percentage of the population which either has been in the United States or has, 1elatives there.” For trade between the Irish Free State and Great Britain colonial pref- crence rates are granted by each country. This, however, has brought about a higher rate for the entry of British goods than before the peace treaty was signed. Two Irish lines trade regularly with Germany, one with France, one with Belgium and one with Holland. Periodical sail- ings are_made from Queenstown to Spain, Portugal, Norway, Sweden and other continental countries. Thus passes the little green sister of sorrows, disappearing into the mist that folds the remote hill val- leys. It is not so pretty a picture—this of foreign trade and hydroelectric power and prosperous freeholders. But the old Kathleen Mavourneen made a_poor livelihood for Erin. ‘We will keep the photograph of the ‘business girl hanging on the wall. Just a glance at the old oil paint- Ing when we feel particularly senti- mental. Move to Simplify Calendar Now Is Seriously Considered Plans for an international con- gress to consider simplification of the calendar, with the United States issuing the call, are now being seri- ously considered after two vears of preliminary discussion of the need for such a change. Prof. C. F. Marvin, chief of the weather bureau, United States De- partment of Agriculture, is one of the leaders in this movement and advocates some very interesting in- novations in the calendar. The form of simplification which he supports would result in a year based on present seven-day week as a unit. The year would consist of thirteen months of twenty-eight days, or ex- actly four weeks each, and an extra day. The suggestion favored by Dr. Marvin is that the 365th, or extra day, be given a special name, such as “New Year eve” or other equiva- lent designation, made a world-wide holiday and placed between Decem- ber 28 and January 1. The extra month, for which a new name must also be invented, would be least likely to upset our present way of calcuiating, if introduced in midsummer, between June and July. “Leap Year day,” by whatever name it may be known, would be accepta- ble as & midsummer holiday every four years. A slight change in the system of establishing century leap years is also recommended. Dr. Marvin argues that division of the year into months which are exact multiples of a seven-day week without a fractional remainder will greatly simplify the assembling of meteorological data, accounting and paying in business and industry gen- erally, computing interest and mak- ing many financial and other reck- onings bag¢ed on the calendar. Business men are in favor_of ‘an exact number of weeks in 2 quarter and school terms and recesses could be arranged with much less dis- turbance to the curriculum then at present. After a number -of conferences Prof. Marvin is convinced that there will be no insuperable difficulty. in arranging = consideration of = the matter . by representatives of the Roman. Anglican and Greek and other churches, and leading astrono- mers, if an international congress ‘or council is called, either through the league of nations or some in- dependent nation, such as- Switzer- land or the United States. If such a congress succeeds in taking action before 1928, the nearest year in which January 1 falls on a Sunday under our presént system, the. change can be instituted without in- convenienca. BY HERBERT COREY. HY is it that sailors can make money on a farm when farmers cannot? That query involves two |. distinet suggestions. One is that farmers are losing money. It cer- tainly is a fact that the senators and representatives from our farming states cry out loud every time they think about their vote-bearing con- stituents. The other is that sailors make money on a farm. That sounds incredible. Sailors are persons in bell-muzzled breeches who go ahoy- ing about the land. But the sailors of the United States Navy are perhaps the best farmers in the United States. Listen: Near Annapolis, Md. the United States Navy owns a farm of more than 900 acres. It was forced to buy that farm because the local farmers had been furnishing milk filled with typhold germs to the students in the United States Naval Academy. Congress loaned the Navy $300.000 with which to buy and equip that farm. That money wasn't given. It was loaned. The total cost plus a running fund was included in that loan. 'There isn't a farmer in the United States who could borrow so much money from a bank on the same amount of farm-land security. ‘That farm is today one of the best in the United States. It has 325 of the best cows you ever saw, pe greed, profitable, healthy, of which more than 200 are always fresh It has paid back $50,000 of the horrow- ed money. It has $100,000 more ready to pay back If Congress insists, And it is getting better and better in. every way every day. It could be sold at a big profit except that the Navy could not afford to sell Operated by Bureau. Here is the moral: That farm is operated by the bu- reau of supplies and accounts, which is perhaps the most efficiently func- tioning business organization in the United States. That has an extrava- gant sound, T know. But show me Show any one who knows what the bureau of supplies and accounts is doing. It is the most gorgeously ex- panded grocery store, bank, gents' furnishings and tourist bureau on record. One branch of its activities has as much relation to another branch as the doctrine of infant dam- nation has to hard boiled eggs. But it never flivvers. Its accounts are always straight. It can track a jug of shellac right to the wasteful old seaman who made hie cocktails out of the good varnish. Let's get a few facts straight about the bureau of supplies and accounts and the Navy There ave $6,000 men, more or less, in the Navy. Not encugh men, he- cause there are not enough to keep the machinery of the Navy function- ing economically, but there vou are. The §6.000 w. everythinz. from chocolate caramels to peajuckets The bureau of supplies and accounts furnishes everything for the men and the ships, ept big guns. ammu; tion and necessities for the Marine Corps, which is a touchy organization that looks after itself. 35,000 Itemx oh Itx Bookxs. The bureau of supplies and accounts carries 25,000 items on its books right along. It buvs fuel oil, coal, baking powder, silk handkerchiefs. steering engines, boats—everything. Not only that. It delivers all of the 35,000 items against a future need Here is the idea: On Thursday last certain ships were ordered to sail for Constantinople on Monday. Perhaps not last Thursday In every other respect this statement is literally accurate. Those boats had to be fueled, provisioned, medicined REAR ADMIR! for a stay of an unknown time Everything that their complement of wriggling bluejuckets might need or think they might need must be pro- vided them. along with meat, flour, canned cogkies and other table needs Arrangement had to be made by which the men of the little fleet might get their money on pay day, cither in cash, eredit or in the money of the country SWe did it i Rear Admiral Da- vid Potter, Supply Corps, paymaster general of the Navy. He did not seem to think anything unusual had been done. A good supply er is expect- ed to pull a miracle out of the air when it is needed. He isn't expected to make a fuss about it, either. Muck E When the fleet wakes up in eign port and rubs the sleep out of its eves and goes tg breakfast it con- fidently anticipat been wshore hours bef the country. icest edible treasures. And if “Pay” has failed to do so the fleedtells him about it. Rear Admiral Potter is one of the extraordinary characters of the Navy. He will not thank me for saving so, | for he does not believe in personal | publicity. But he is. for all that. A Princeton grad of 1896, admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1897, he be- ay. a for- .|the hands of six men. DAVID POTTER. came assistant paymaster in the Navy in 1898, after a severe competi- tive” examination. Some men would have risen in grade through the oper- ation of itme and squeeze. Potter seems to have risen not only be- cause of his remarkable personal qualities, but because he had ade- quate appreciation of the importance —even of the romance—of the old Pay Cor He is a man who sees widely and far. Like Old Yankee Skipper. The old Pay Corps was then just pulling out of a slump, if I read his- tory correctly. It was the legitimate son of the old Yankee skippers, who fought. fished. whaled, traded and privateered all from the same deck. Those salty old gentlemen did the buying for their vessels and the sell- ing from them. That is precisely the Pay Corps' job. It pays out $75,- 000,000 each year for supplies and $121,000,000 for pay and allowances and has on its books more than $3,000,000,000 worth of property. It sold—by open, sunlit, copiously” pub- lic bidding. for it never touches a private bargain—war goods that had t us $306.000,000. and got $13 000,000 for them, which is a high re- covery. ican Navy was not as fine an instru- ment as it is now. W. C. Whitney as Secretary of the Navy discovered in 1888 that all the money spent by the Navy for supplies had gone into They may have been honest, but the system was silly. He put the Pay Corps in charge of all the business of the Navy and it has been handling that business ever since. The Pay Corps is not directly interested in the big or little Navy argument. All it has to do is to provision and clothe and fuel and bank the ships of whatever Navy there may be wherever they are.” And it does, Reforming Business Methods. ¢ Potter was one of the prime forces in the tremendous work of reform- ing the Navy's business methods. His monograph on the system of dis- bursing money helped standardize the new practice. Now that he is paymaster general he has a little class of five officers studying world exchange. The Navy does not get the worst of the exchange situation, no matter where its ships may be—and the gobs always have the sum of money they want in the sort of money they want when they get shore leave. He was one of a group of officers who radically changed and improved the entire accounting system of the Navy. Some of his monographs on this subject have been translated into Japanese and French. Not long ago the British admiralty officially announced in Parliament that it is reforming its system of cost ac- countancy upon the American plan. That plan was very largely Potter’s. The Navy has officers in Brazil and Peru, helping those friendly South American nations modernize their na- vies. The American cost accountancy system goes in there, too. Admiral Potter, the Man. He is tall, slightly gray, smooth- faced, genial. I do not like the word “genial.” It has a sort of blah sig- nificance as often used—as though the person described is a hand-shak- er. Rear Admiral Potter is friendly, cordial, likable. There nothing of the stand-off about him. He is an enthusiast over the Navy's busi- ness side. But he is not a profes- sional enthusiast. He impresses one as sincere, capable, big—in a word, fine. Between times he has been able to write several nove that have been real successes. I have said the bureau of supplies and accounts is efficient It is more than that. It has its officers in fac- tori learning how cloth is woven and in broom factories watching the making of brooms It keeps a set of books by ma- chinery in the Washington offices so that the exact cost of every ship can be discovered by putting a few per- forated cards through a separator. Was Right., Experts Wrong. It operates a railroad bureau which routes its men by the quickest and best routes all over the world, and a | fuel bureau that saved the govern- ment half a million in buylng oil last year, and a textiie bureau that saved $200.000 on cotton, being right where wise cotton men were Wrong. 1t sends out ailotment checks for 46,000 men to heaven only knows how many beneficiaries each month and gets them all straight. Tt has handled millions upon mil- lions of money—split into 487 appro- priationaccounts under 1,400 sub- hea thanks to Congress, although the British navy gets along with fif- teen—and its accounts are straight to a penny. Rear Admiral Potter all about these things. not tell you about Rear will tell you But he will Admiral Pot- But in the early nineties the Amer- ter. The Story the Week Has Told Y HENRY W. BUNN, The following is a summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended June 7: = % ox % Irelamd—The result of the formal conversations at Chequers Court last week end, between Prime Minister MacDonuld of Great Britain, Sir James Craig, prime minister of Ulster, and Mr. Cosgrave, president of the Dail, Eireann, concerning the boundary between Ulster and the Irish Free State, has not been dis- closed. On June 5 Mr. MacDonald announced that the British govern- ment had appointed Justice Richard Feetham of the South African su- preme court as a member of the boundary commission preseribed by the London treaty of 1921, which created the Irish Free State, which commission should consist of one member appointed by the Free State government, one appointed by the Ulster government and one appointed by the British government. There has been no intimation that Sir James has appointed, or proposes to appoint, an Ulster m¢mber of the commission. The absence of any communique concerning the Chequers meeting is, in fact, disquieting. * % ox = Framee—The most important re- cent development In the domestic po- litical situation is the Left move to force the resignation of M. Millerand, the president. It is not certain but it is extremely prabable that the move will be successful. It originated with the Unified Socialists, who by its suc- cess would be paying off old scores against Millerand, once a Unified So- cialist and ever since denounced as a renegade. The Unified Socialists allege as the chief motive of their present action against Millerand solicitude for the constitution, the spirit of which they claim to have ‘been violated by M. Millerand when, in the course of the recent election campaign, he expressed hope of a Nationalist victory. On_the other hand, the friends of Millerand argue that the admitted im- propriety is a trifle when weighed in the scales, against the consequences to be apprehended from the oust- ing of the president at the ur- gency of a minority. They assert that such ousting would terribly em- bitter the political atmosphere ard would deal the constitution a blow far more serious than the une aa- ministered thereto by Millerand. The Unified Soclalists have an- nounced that they would oppose any government so long as Millerand should remain president. Therefore, since without Unified Socialist sup- port .(the Left majority, assuming no in- defections, being a slender ome), a Left government would be out of the question. M. Herri head of the Left forces, was constrained to accept the dictation of the Unified Socialists in the matter of the president, or else abandon hope of a Left government. He chose the former alternative. Some thought the president would take it lying down—that convinced of the futility of fighting, he would offer the premiership to M. Herriot and simultaneously tender his resig- nation to parliament. He elected to fight; not that he pro- tests on personal grounds, but in de- fense of the constitution, against es- tablishment of a u..ugn- precedent. _ It seems_probable t the presi- | dent, after vainly | miership to several Left leaders in succession, will offer it to Poincare | or some other of the Risht who will | 80 before Parliament with a message statin issue and with a motion of confidence 1o Le voted on after |a offering the pre- a strong possibility that, E se. both houses would pas: | the motion by slicht majorities b cause of solicitude of some Left mod- erates on behalf of the constitution, but it seems fairiy certain that the chamber would reject it. On the other hand, the probability of a favorable vote in the Senate is said to be strong. That. however, would not much ease the situation (as- suming an unfavorable vote in the chamber), unless the favorable ma- jority should be two-thirds, in which case the chamber would automatic- ally be dissolved, and new elections would follow. Such a result is extremely unlikely. It would be exceedingly distressing to the gentlemen of the Left. By superior ‘management the Left won more seats than the Right, though the popular vote for candidates of the Right considerably exceeded that for candidates of the Left. In new elections the Right would manage better. Thus then, the situation stands—doubtful, but' with a strong probability that we shall within a few days see a new President of France, and M. Herriot, precariously installed as premier. . From the point of view of those who distrust a_Left government the malice of the Unified Socialists had, if reports are true, ope happy con- sequence. In return for consenting to give effect to that malice, M. Her- riot, a very moderate socialist, ob- tained from the Unified Socialists their promise to support his fairly moderate program. Should the President win -out in both houses on a motion of con- fidence the only practicable govern- ment would be one of a center bloc. On June 2 Pelitier D'Oisy, the fiyer, flew from Peking to Mukden, stop- ping en route at Pei Tai Ho to re- fuel. The next day he went on to Pieng Yang. in northern Korea, and on the fourth he reached Tai Ku, in Legislation by That this is “becoming a country of legislation by propaganda” was de- clared by Representative L. J. Dick- inson of Jowa, when Frank W. Col- lier, postmaster of the National House of Representatives, in testifying be- fore the appropriations committee, stated that in the last four years the volume of mail in the House post office has nearly doubled, and that this is due to propaganda. Postmaster Collier explained to the committee that this refers to incom- ing mail, which brings the petitions or protests instigated by interested organizations or groups addressed practically every member of Con- gress. But at the same time the out- going mail is correspondingly in- creased, due to the fact that the members of Congress who received these letters feel compelled to answer them. 3 Postmaster Collier said that the in- roming mafl amounts to about 25,000 ,letters per-day-and 5,000 newspapers, southern Korea. That day, and again on the 5th, he hopped off for the flight across Korea Strait. but both times he was turned back by fog. * ok ok ¥ rmany.—Chancellor Marx's binet is discovered to be the s new me | cabinet which resigned the other du The Socialists, while refusing parti pation in the government, are pledged to support the Dawes plan and like support by the Bavarian People's party seems certain. - This means a majority for the plam, but not the two-thirds majority required to the enactment of certain items of legis- lation called for by it On June 6 the Reischstag passed, by 247 to 183, a resolution expressing approval of the Dawes plan as “a basis for settlement of the repara- tions problems” and then adjourned for three weeks. When it reconvenes, drafts of the laws called for by the Dawes report will be ready for its consideration. * ok % x Albania—Vague reports, reach us trom Albania, or perhaps rather concerning Albania, imparting that the greater part of that country, in- cluding -the cities of Scutari and Av- lona, is now in the hands of the rebels and that rebel columns are marching on the capital from north and south. No doubt the disaffection is largely attributable to the famine, which has caused terrible distress to about a sixth of the papulation, the government, as so often happens, be- ing held responsible for misfortunes beyond its power to avert or mater- ially to alleviate. As with the famines in Russia and in China, the bulk of the distress is properly chargeable to lack of adequate means of transpor- tation. 5 * % * x Chima—The Chinese and Russian governments have concluded a treaty Propaganda - Seen as Congress Is Swamped not to mention a heavy parcel post mail and the greaf bulk of mail from the various government departments. This same evil of propaganda and questionnaires designed to bull- doze the legisiative body was vigor- ously discussed by Representative Harry B. ‘Hawes of Missouri. He pointed out that “the questionnaire demands in advance of a hearing, in advance of testimony, in advance of a discussion -and in advance of an opportunity for amendment, and un- qualified ‘ves’ or ‘no’ -answer on a subject which even the author of the questionnaire has not investigated and upon which he has not taken testimony nor heard evidence. “This is_unfair to the public, it is unfair to Congress, and it is even un- fair to many misguided men . and women who thoughtlessly indorse a bill or a project which they do mot understand and which they have not even examined. “Congressmen and senators are overridden with this sort of thing. It is undermining the individuality of Congress and is harmful to a large degree.” L T which involves de jure recognition by Peking of the Muscovite govern- ment and establishment of full nor- mal relations between Peking and Moscow The most interesting treaty are those relating to Mongolia ‘nnd to the Chinese Eastern railway The soviet government is recognized | as succeeding to all the rights of the czarist government in the railway. Whatever the wording of the treaty, one may doubt whether ‘Moscow has in reality repudiated its much valued “interest” in that cradle of the hu- man race, Mongolia. The latest from said cradle is that the Mongolians have proclaimed an independent re- public. o ox United Stutes of Ameriem—The Congress adjourned vesterday sine die, a resolution offered by Senator La Follette, that Congress take a re- cess from June 7 to July 9 and recon- vene on the latter date for action on certain specified items of legislation, having been voted down in the Sen- ate. Legislation relating to the follow- ing named important subjects failed of consummation in the late melan- choly session: Muscle Shoals, the rail- road labor board and other railroad matters and the world court. On June 2 the President signed the tax revision bill, at the same time is- suing a statement severely criticizing certain of its features and expressing a hope of cofrection thereof at the next session of Congress. e McNary-Haugen bill proposing agricultural relief was b: v i the House on Juneg > defeated On June 5 the Butler Navy bill, previously passed by the House, was passed by the Senmate. This bill pro- vides. for construction of eight scout gruisers and six river zunooats and for important modernizati i bagtleships, e vec s s worthy of remark that none of the cruisers may be lai B e d down prior o ouse and Senate have now passed the -child labor constitutional amendment. It G nt. B0es to the states for 1 On June 1 our worl off trom Kasumiganra, ¢ Kagoshima the next. On the three planes hopped off from Kago- shima for Shanghai, but the com- mander, Lieut. Smith, was compelled by engine trouble to turn back. The others continued their flight, reaching Shanghai without incident. Below them, stationed at regular inter- vals between Kagoshima and th mouth of the Yang Tze, was a line United States destroyers—no doubt a thrilling and comforting sight to the birdmen. Lieut. Smith reached Shanghai the next day. At his own request, dictated by generous motives, Maj. Martin will not rejoin the ‘round-the-world aerial squadron. * ¥ x ¥ Neotew.—Dr. Seipel, the admirable Austrian chancellor, has paid the common penalty of devotion to the true interests of one's country. He was shot the other day by a fanati- cal Socialist. A bullet is lodged in one of his lungs and it is doubtful if he will recover. The three planes being built at Pisa, Italy, for Amuedsen’s polar ition are nearly completed. They probably hop for Bpitzbergen about June 18 4th the items of the, South America to Build Roads Visit of Delegates to U. S. Has Great Significance at Present. BY BEN McKELWAY. CONFEKENCE of “shirt sleeve delegates” who know more about working than talking and care more for accomplish- ments than the most flowery of prom- ises are impressions of the Pan-Ameri- can highway commission, which ended two frantic days of offictal calls of cour- tesy last week in Washington and at last has headed for the great open space to carry out the object of its visit to this country. Invited here as the guests of the highway education board, forty engineers, representing [all but one of the Central and South American republics, are now begin- ning a three-week intensive study of roads and road bullding and the prob- lems of the automobile industry of the United States. The delegates at the conclusion of their tour will de- cide upon a program for a PFan- American highway conference, to be called in Rio de Janeiro some time next year as a result of plans formed at the fifth Pan-American conference in Chile. ! Trip of Importance. The visit to this country of the Latin American delegates means much more than a polite exchange of courtesies and a most interesting au- tomobile tour through a beautiful section of the United States. There is significance in the fact that their coming here is the first real step tak- en toward meeting one of South America's gravest problems, the prob- lem of transportation in the scheme of her future development. That this step Is taken as a result of the sym- pathy and interest on the part of the United States government and a group of private citizens is a good sign and augurs well for the future. Plans for bringing the Latin Amer- ican delegates to the United States were hatched last fall when the whole question of what this country might do to aid the southern repub in the future development of *hoir high- ways was discussed at a conference of highway experts, automobile men and representatives of the govern- ment at the Department .f Ccm- merce. Qut of the conference the sug- gestion came that the most practical aid this country could give Latin America now was to show what American engineers have done and what they have discovered not to do in bullding roads to stand under the heaviest automobile traffic. The high- ways education board., an organiza- tion composed of representatives of the War Department, the United States bureau of public roads, the b reau of education and the automobile and tire industries, sent invitations to each of the Latin Amcrican coun- tries to select delegates whose ex- penses would be paid to the United States and who would be conducted on a trip which would provide o portunities for intensive study of the highway and automobile industry's problems. Where Visitors Will Go. The delegates are engineers, and the majority of them are now en- gaged in road building or highway engineering in South America. They were rushed about from one govern- ment department to another, from the White House to the Press Glub here last week and with their tongues lolling out from pure exhaus- tion were tucked away in lower berths on & southern-bound train a few nights ago. Now they are somewhere in the state 6f North Carolina, study- ing at first hand and from the cush- ioned tonneaus of fast automobiles one of the finest examples of state road construction in the country. From North Carolina_the delegates will be taken through Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Mich- igan and back to Ohio during the next three weeks. They will see the good roads with the bad. They will (Continued from First Page.) the in- Japan. were tries as far removed as United States and Brazil volved. Same System Exists. In the Europe of 1924, as in that of 1914, tne same system of interde- pendent agreements subsists. The nations have changed partners, or more precisely, their interests would lead them along different lines in many cases, but the old system of al- liances holds just as good today as a decade ago. Russia at the moment is playing a lone hand: she has quar- Feled with ali the western powers and with Germany. Yet Russia’s enemies Poland and Ru- mania, are direstly or indirectly Ger- many's foes. Poland directly and Ru- mania_indirectly, because Hungary and Germany would inevitably make a common cause and Rumania is the Geadly foe of the Magyars. Now. looking at this situation from the broader point of view. how can the league of nations operate to pre- serve peace? Russia is not a member, nor is Germany, therefore the league has no control whatever over either, and Russia, at least, is not amenable fo ‘the thing which is called world rentiment. If Russia attacks Ru- mania the league can denounce the attack, it can demand that it stop, i can appeal to the other nations' to take up arms or to boycott Russia. but that is the sum and substance of its powers. ) For myselt T do not believe that the Russians mean to ttack just now: they are more intérested in getting most recently (Continued from First Page.) “One by one, the countries of the world will turn to us for financial help in carrying out their reconstruction pro- grams. Germany will be the first. ‘When we raise this German loan for the Dawes plan—as we undoubtedls will since the resident's speech—we shall use some e iMe gold as & basis for the loan. Later when France and England are ready to rejuvenate their countries they can draw on this gold. Thus we can keep it working. The gold will either be lect on deposit in this country, as we have done in the past with Mexico and the Philippines, to be converted on demand, or will be shipped abroad.” “wwhat is your opinion, } asked, wot the contention of European economists that the world's gold sup- piy will soon be exhausted and that the fluctuating supply of gold must lead to its abandonment?” i “Gold will not soon be exhausted.” was Dr. Seligman's vigorous re. joinder. “There are vast untouched and unexplored supplies in Africa. Siberia, Alaska and Australia. Even should 'the mines be exhausted, gold is never lost as iron and other metals Our store is constantly in- sed and never used up. Furthermore, the production of old has been so nicely governed by ts demand’ that the price fluctua- see the result of careful planning fer the Leavier automobile traffic of the future, and they will witness what the lack of preparedness in failure to provide suitable highways will do & retard the growth of development of a normal community. In each state the delegates will be welcomed by the governors and put in charge of state highway engineers, who wil show what each state is doing in developing its part of a great system of federal highways. The delegates will see how the United States gov- ernment can spend §75,000,000 annu- ally in co-operating with the states. They will have pointed out to them the federal policy. which requires, be- fore a state reccives its quota of road-building funds, the building of highways to connect with those of neighboring states; built not so much to provide a comfortable surface for travel, but built so that the cost of the road will not outbalance the road’'s earning capacity. After their inspection of the coun- try's road-building and highway traf- fic problems the delegates will be shown some of the great automobile plants of Michigan and the rubber in- dustries of Ohio. And after a few days' rest and recuperation at Atlan- tic City the delegates will sail for home to try to convince their govern- ments that the United States knows how to build roads®and its profit from its knowledg Value of Exchange of Ideas. Those in this country interested in the visit of the Latin American dele- gatlon see a real significance in this exchange of ideas and the action of the highway cducation board in its practical effort to allow others to gain from its experience. Secretary of State Hughes, in welcoming the delegates to Washington last weck pointed out that all the questions which hitherto have been obstacles to the closesst friendship between the American nations are being - tled through the orderly processes of conference, accommodation and arbi- tration. 1t has come to be no longer a question of eliminating matters of difference, he told the delegates, but rather of developing a positive polic through which the best thought and experience of every Amsrican nation will be available to all. This. he said was a true spirit of constructive Pan- Americanism. And the United States is frankly in- terested in the Fctterment of means of cqmmunication and transportation in South America Highway con struction opens the w for enlarging the markets of South America, but it accomplish as much for the United States. With such enlargement comes a general economic advance. and the United States has every reason to desire the economic progress of her neighbor republics. There is no need for concern when they prosper. for prosperity means that the resources the world are heing developed: country can get its nesded . in turn, can find a mar- ket for its product Should the visit of the Latin A ican delegates hasten the construction good road= in South Am ! mean the purchase of y and supplies in the United States, as well the creation of a new and potentially large market for automobile products What Brazil Would Gain. Brazil offers a good example of the opportunity and need for a con- structive program of highway con struction in South America. Brazil larger than the United States by 50,000 square miles. It has neither the deserts nor the mountain arcas which rehder large sections of the United States unavailable for cul vation. It has superb waterways and fine harbors. The Amazon is naviga- ble for 2,400 miles. The country al re ady has 17.847 miles of railroad But only the land near the rivers and railroads is populated. High- ways will bring vast new territories into communication and open their resources to development. ~ While Brazil is typical, the mines of Mexico and Uruguay, the products of the Central American states are ~bein developed to a fraction of their po: sibilities, Intensive transportation their outstanding need. Causes of War Abound In East Europe Issues recognition and losans than in engi ing in hostilities at this mement. hu the very earnestness and emphasis with which they pres: Bessara- bian claims sugges! they are keeping the future open Morcover if Russia ever does resume the march upon Cornstantinople, her pathway lies across Rumania and Bessarabia is the first province she will invade. Claims Constantinople. Russia, too, clings to her claim upon Constantinople. It was prom- ised to her as reward for her par- ticipation in the war. Even the Brit- ish, through Sir Edward Grey, as- sented tc Russian possession of the agelong objective of the czars. Did the Russian title, thus witnessed and z1proved, lapse becaure Russia, after gigantic efforts and colossal sacr fices. finally collapsed into revolution and the ignominious treaty of Brest Litovsk? The Russians, at least Ceny this. But as long as Germany on the north is determined 1o rexain her lost provinces—provinces which she stole in her own time from their rightful racial and national owners—with the Magyars in the center looking with similar eves upon Transylvania and the Banat. with Bulgaria set upon re- covering the Dobrudja, Macedonia and even Thrace; with Russ in the east looking both to the Baltic and to the Black Sea tp recover los lands which she also took:from their righ ful owners in past time. and. finail with the present possessors of 1l these lands determined to defend both their legal and their moral rights how can there be stable conditions in Europe? Gold Will' Remain Basis Of World Currency Systems tions are not serious. Just at pres- ent, for instance, it is not extremely profitable to mine gold. Gold is not worth what it was before the war. 1f 1 remember correctly, the value of gold measured in terms of ‘com- modities is now only 40 per cent of What it was. This means that the mine-owner in South Africa has to pay over twice as much in labor, machinery and costs of refining his gold than he did before the war. Naturally, the mining of gold has de- creased, and the production this past year was $50.000,000 less than the average for the past ten vears. But gradually as gold becomes more valuable, mining operations will in- crease. “The United States, however,” con< <luded Dr. Seligman, “is by no means leaving jts monetary system to be governed by blind chance. More and. more we are recognizing the fzcl that it Is the function of the central banks—that is, the federal reserve—- to protect the country’s business from severe peaks of inflation. We cannot follow the same plan as the English in this, for we do not have their system of ‘mcceptances. But. as I have already explained. the Federal Reserve Board has, to a cer- tain extent, adopted a ‘managed’ -yltetm.,by refusing‘to incrBase the country’s -currency - in proporti its gold stocks. R