Evening Star Newspaper, June 2, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. June 2, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office. 11th nd Perasyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East st. Chieago Office: Tower Buildin European Office: 16 Regent St., London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only, 43 cents per month: Sunday oniv. 20 cents per month. Orders 1o mail or tele- phone Main 5000, - Collection is made by car- riers at the end of cach month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. g $8.40; 1 mo,, 70¢ $6.00: 1 mo., 50c r., $2.40; 1 mo,, 30¢ All Other States. Dafly and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00 Dally oaly . -1 £7.00 Sunday only $2.00; 1 mo., 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Prees s exclusively entitled fo the use for republication of all news dis- patehes credited 1o it or ot otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news pub. Iished ‘hereln. All rights of publication of special dispatches hercin are also reserve — = Japan's Protest. Japan's formal protest against the Japanese exclusion provision of the immigration law puts the case pri- marily upon the basis of international «thics, though it notes that the legal nnd technical objections to this action remain to be considered further. It suggests the claim that provisions by treaty are paramount to provisions by statute. On this point Japan, however, cannot hope to ablish the basis for effective protest. The Supreme Court of the United States has decided that statutory provisions supersede treaty provisions. This is now an established part of American practice. The fact that the administrative branch of the government objected to the legislative course in this matter does not give ground for any contention of invalid- ity. Congress passed the act in the face of the protest of the President and the Secretary of State, and the President signed it, though with a de- murver. The important aspect of the protest Hes in the suggestion that this action by the United States weakens the friendly spirit of Japan toward this countr: This suggestion is em- phasized by a tragic occurrence just reported from Tokio, where a man took his life outside of the ruins of the American embassy in token of an ap- peal to this country to repeal the ex- clusion clause. In the code of Japan this is a supreme patriotic sacrifice. It has intense significance to the Jap- anese people. It is impossible to esti- mate its influence upon the sentiment of that natfon. Japan could do no less than to en- ter its protest. It could not accept the American action, especially in view of the fact that no heed was naid to an earlier protestation by the ambassador. Were there no other con- sideration the Tokio government ‘would be impelled for political reasons thus to ask for reconsideration of an act which is viewed by the Japanese people as nationally humiliating to them. In reply, this government can only say that Congress has within its con- stitutional rights enacted a law which provides for the exclusion of the Jap- anese, notwithstanding the existence of a ‘“gentleman’s agreement” with Tokio. The President has already stated the case in the message accom- panying his approval of the immigra- tion act. That language might well constitute the basis, if not the full sub- stance, of the rejoinder now required by Japan’s formal complaint. The President and the Potomac. The President made a Saturday- Sunday trip en the Potomac, the lat- est of a number of such “cruises” on the river. This was the longest Mr. Coclidge has taken on the Mayflower since he became President, and it 18 stated to be the forerunmer of nu- merous week end trips aboard the yacht during the coming months, as it is his present plan to spend the en- tire summer in Washington. Tt is clear that the President has developed a sympathy and fondness for the Po- tomac. The great river has put its Jure upon the President gnd he feels the power of its beauty and solemnity. There is magic in the Potomac and it works a charm on many men. It weaves a spell about us in our youth which holds us till we are old. By the shores of the Potomac many of the great Americans have lived and died, and it is said that their souls dwell by the river still. No doubt the Po- tomac has said to the President, “Come to me for quiet and reflection and on my quiet, sometimes shiding, sometimes frowning water and be- tween my green and flowering shores you will find rest and inspiration.” ———— In contemplating the Democratic national convention prospects, New York refuses to consider anybody who may not to some extent be regarded 84 & favorite son. —————— ‘The fact that the anthropoid apes instinctively abjure alcohol does not meake Col. Bryan feel any more kind- ly toward them. — e Padlocking and Constitution. ' One who signs himself “a Philadel- phia Lawyer,” which is a term regard- ed as synonymous with great astute. ness and sagacity, writes & letter to one of the New York newspapers pro- testing against the imposition of the “padlock” punishment upon the own- ers of nine Broadway cabarets recent- 1y raided for infractions of the eight- eenth amendment. He cites the eighth amendment to the Constitution, which provides that “excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines im- posed mor cruel and unusual punish- ments inflicted.” He contends that the closing of these establishments for a year wll, it is estimated, cost their owners $600,000 or more. This, he ar- fuies, is an “excessive fine” in the lan- a(a of the Constitution, and he ex- his astonishment that the counsel for the proprietors are not fighting on this ground. The padlocking provision of the Vol- stead act is one of the penalties of the statute authorized by the elghteenth P amendment. It is distinctly understood as one of the penalties, similar to-the provision of the seizure and confisca- tion of any vehicle or ship engaged in the smuggling of liquor in violation of the law. This “Philadelphia lawyer” belleves that the forfeiture of an auto- mobile or motor boat, ‘“unless of trifiing value,” is contrary to the eighth amendment. 8o it would seem to be a mere matter of the cost of the vehicle. In other words, according to this view, & $5,000 motor cargwould be immune from seizure if taken as @ rum-runner, while a flivver would be properly confiscated. Just 0, @ busi- ness establishment with a large trade would be immune from padlocking, while a small place might be subject to closure. The eighth amendment to the Con- stitution has been cited in a case quot- ed by this “Philadelphia lawyer.” A Michigan law imposed severe penalties for illegal liquor selling. A druggist was convicted for a second offense, for which the penalty was prohibition for five years from doing any business in the state. The court ruled that such @ penalty was excessive. No record of an appeal for a decision by a higher court appears. All persons who violate the prohibi- tion law are supposed to be aware of the possible penalties in case of detec- tion and conviction. The proprietor of a business establishment, drug store, cabaret, hotel, who permits the sale of liquor on his premises does so know- ing that the penalty may be the clos- ing of his doors for a year. Sufficient warning has been givi To contend that he may escape because the pen- alty is too severe is to open the doors to wholesale violations and to nullify the law. As long as this point has been raised, however, it should be car- ried to a final test to determine whether a statute enacted to carry into effect one provision of the Constl- tution is defeated by another. — A ing Criminality. Chicago's murder case grows more astounding with daily developments. The youths who have confessed to the killing of a boy for whom ransom was demanded manifest an extraordinary inability to appreciate the gravity of their crime. One of them says he ex- pects to get “a couple of years for this,” but it will be the making of him. The other says “it was an ex- periment, and it is just as ecasy to Justify such a death as it is to justify an entomologist in killing a beetle on a pin.” Such callousness is hard to under- stand. The young men who conceived this diabolical crime have had the ad- vantage of education. They are of good family, and have been raised in affluence. Yet they are apparently wholly incapable of measuring their conduct by established moral stand- ards. Disregarad of life may be expected in the lower strata of society, on the part of those who have been bred in crime- inducing conditions and have gone into criminal enterprises as a result of their environment. But here were young men of a wholly different type, to whom life apparently is merely a sclentific manifestation, and who do not hesitate to take it in a spirit of adventure and experiment. It is not fair, perhaps, to blame the educational processes which have pro- duced two such abnormal creatures as these Chicago youths. They might have developed as criminals in any circumstances. But the thought can- not be escaped that their laboratory experiences have created this condi- tion of mind. Immediately arises the thought that a plea of insanity may be based upon these extraordinary symptoms of ab- normality. Evidence appears that the prosecuting officials are endeavoring to forestall such a plea. There can be no other defense. The crime is acknowledged. It was premeditated. It was carried out in exact accordance with an established purpose. It was, in effect, contemplated months pre- vious, and although the victim was chosen hastily his death came as a re- sult of a deliberate program. ‘The great wealth of the parents of both of the confessed murderers raises the expectation that every possible means will be employed to save them from paying the full penalty of their crime. An unpleasant spectacle is thus in prospect of a long protraction of proceedings impossible in the case of friendless, penniless criminals. Too often in the past have these cases arisen in American jurisprudence, creating a feeling widely prevalent that money can defeat the law. Re- spect for the law and for the procedure of the courts is weakened by such demonstrations of the power of wealth to thwart justice. ————— John D. Rockefeller continues to demonstrate that a very rich man may render interesting and important serv- ice to the public without plunging into politics. —————t———— The prestige of a candidate is no longer to be measured in any degree by the size of his campaign fund. A few German politiclans have be- come 8o accustomed to frenzied finance that they resent a lucid interval. The Flag Code. Breaches of flag etiquette were re- corded on Memorial day, and it ap- pears that as many violations of the flag code were committed on govern- ment buildings, public monuments and quarters of patriotic socleties as on private buildings. At least there were numerous violations of the flag code on public buildings and monuments. The War Department has a set of regulations covering what military authorities have agreed on as the cor- rect use of the flag, and last June there was a convention at Washington at which a flag code was adopted, mainly under guidance of military men, Excerpts from the code printed in The Sunday Star show that direc- tions as to how the flag shall be flown or shown are clear and are not hard to follow. Education in what has come to be called flag etiquetts is not gen- eral, but especially in Washington we shonld know and practice what is right in this matter. 2 No harm was done to our patriotism, and there ‘was no thought in any American mind but that the flag of stars and stripes s the best and brightest of banners and the symbel of a glorious nation. Men who displayed the flag at half-staff from sunrise to sunset on Memorial day thought they were showing reverence in proper form. They did not know that the flag code calls for the flag at half-staff from sunrise to noon and at full staff from noon to sunset. In some Memo- rial day decorations the flag was looped 80 thut a star was obscured or a stripe eraged. Not long ago we twisted the flag into rosettes and festoons, but we have generally been led away from that form of decoration. The man who set up or hung out the flag with the “Union™ or the fleld and stars on the wrong side was as good a patriot as can be, and there should be no criticism of him, and there is none. But as long as there are regulations governing what mili- tary authorities consider the correct use of the flag let us learn them and observe them. There is no doubt some good reason for each of the regula- tions. —_——— Can They Get Away? Senators and representatives are re- ported as being strongly desirous of Congress adjourning by the end of this week or the beginning of next, and today are viewing the legislative log-jam inevitable in the closing days of every session to sge if adjournment can be effected. There is formidable congestion of business, with a number of highly important bills pending over which there is strong feeling of both opposition and favor. It seems likely that if adjournment does come it must be at the cost of some of this legisla- tion. ‘The farm bloc is understood to be insistent upon the passage of some kind of farm-relief legislation, and dis- posed to stand in the way of adjourn- ment until it gets it. The progres. sives, under the leadership of Senator La Follette, demand railroad legisla- tion. The fate of the movement for early adjournment is said to rest largely in Senator La Follette’s hands. Today the Senate votes on the child labor constitutional amendment, which has already passed the House. All the appropriation bills are in good shape, and it is not expected that they will hold adjournment back. The special appropriation of $150.000,000 for re- habilitation of the N and restora- tion of 5-3-3 ratio is before the Senate, with its fate in doubt. An alternative of adjourning this gveek is proposed by some, who sug- gest that a series of recesses be taken during the period of the two national conventions, and that thereafter Con- gress resume its session. The next two or three days will determine the course. ——————— Many American citizens do not feel the need of “leadership,” preferring to assert the time-honored demand for servants of the people who will follow instructions. —_—ee So far as vice presidential nomina- tions are concerned, it is a great year for dark horses. —————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSO: The Merry Moron! Now and then there will persist A depressing rumor— Man may get a curlous twist In his senge of humor. Aristides Wobblebrane Thinks it rather funny To abduct & child to gain Trivial sums of money. And with intellectual glee Beats a friend to fractions, Putting him to death to see All of his reactions. Strangest things the news reveals; Shocking and confusing. Human suffering appeals As a sport amusing! Helpless sorrowing and pain Mar this world so sunny. Aristides Wobblebrane Thinks them rather funny! Appreciative Auditor. “You seemed very deeply interested in the minister's denunciation of Satan and his following.” “I was,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “I dunno as I kept up with the logic of the dissertation, but it had some great rhetorical points. I'm go- ing to see if I can’t borrow that ser- ‘mon for suggestions when I'm making speeches denouncing the opposition part, Income Tax Elegy. The notice comes of taxes that are due. The owing herd must come across and see The supervisor of the revenue Who runs the business strictly e. 0. d. ‘ Jud Tunkins says all he gets from descriptions of King Tut's tomb is|M. the impression that a Pharoah’s idea of happiness was to make life seem like one long circus day. Criticism. A bird in & tree Was singing with glee. And I said, “Mr. Bird, It you'r singing to me, 1 must say I have heard Some notes off the key! ‘The bird in the tree ‘Was gay as could be, Though I put in"my word So improving and free. Blithe and bold sang the bird, Never noticinig me. Example. “Women should be guided by their man folks,” remarked the old-fashioned lady. . “Aren't they?” rejoined .Miss Cay- enne. “Don't they wear short hair and knickerbockers and don’t they smoke in public?” % Short Hours. ~ In Europe politiclans find A strangely fickle frame of mind, An office one will scarcely hit Before he hears it's time to quit. “De world is gittin® better,” sald Uncle Eben; “only it's hard to realize de fact when everybody's busy eallin® attention to all de different improve- ments ‘dat’s possihlg” Answers to Questions BY FREDERIO J. HASKIN Q. What Is the origina of the word Tivoli and how is it pronounced?— . F. B. ‘ A. The name “Tivoll” as applied to theaters at the present time I3 un- doubtedly connected with Tivoll, an anclent town of Italy, which was a well known- -plemsure resort near Rome. The name of the anclent city was pronounced Tee’ vo les. The pronunciation in the United States, however, as of the town of this name in New York, is Tiv’ o li. Q. What college In the United st has the best boxing team?— H. F. M. A. The United States Naval Academy has the best boxing team in the country. Spike Webb is the instructor. Q. On enteringa cafe does a woman precede a man?—W. F. A, If there Is a walter to assign the table the woman walks ahead of her escort. If not the man goes first and chooses the tabl Q. How many solar systems have been discovered up to the present time?—M. H. A. No other system resembling our solar system 1s known to exist. However, there are many double, some triple, and some quadruple stars; but unless the smaller members of such systems are more comparable In size to the sun than to Jupiter, we have no means of knowing of their existence. The smallest star whose mass Is known with fair ac- curacy seems to be at leastone eighth as heavy as the sun, while Jupiter is less than a thoussndth as heavy as the sun. . Q. What _is the Havana?—E. H. G. A. The climate of Havana is not severe. The mean annual temper- ature s 77° F. The highest is 100.6° the lowest, 49.6°. The average rain- fall Is fifty-four inches. temperature in Q. What are the crops of Canada worth?—A. G. R. A. The gross agricultural revenue for 1922 was $1,420,170,000. This in- cluded the value of fleld crops, farm animals, wool, dairy products, fruits and vegetables and poultry and eggs. Q. Please give details about mus- tangs—H. B. M. D. . A. The ponies of the western states, the mustangs, are mostly southwestern breeds, apparently Moor- ish in origin, coming to this country by way of Mexico and having been brought over originally by the Span- fards. To these ponles the term “bronco” is often applied. Many of the small horses at the present time have been crossed more or less with the American trotter, the thorough- bred, or the Arabian horses. These Etill are known as ‘bronco: although in recent years they have been more commonly termed cow ponies and are used exclusively in herding. Q. For whom was Alexandria, Va., named?—A. M. _ A This town, which was a thriv- ing village when Washington was a_wildernoss, was named for John Alexander, who purchased the land on which It stands from a royal patent in 1669. The town was in corporated in 1748 Q. 1Is there any possible way for {a man to pass the eve test for the United States Navy with his glasses on?—E. M. A. A. There is no way that the ex- amination can be taken with glasses Whether or not a man will be ae- cepted depends upon his vision with- out his spectacles. Q. Are limpets used as food any- where in the United States?—W. 0. C. _A. Limpets are common along the New England coast and are used as bait. In Europe they are used as foed. but in this country only very poor people nced to use them for such a purpose. Q. What are we doing toward the %»:\';lofimen! of the Virgin Islands?— A._A bill has been introduced in the House of Representatives to ap- point a commission of three members to develop the agricultural resources and industrial business of the Virgin Islands. One member of the commis sion would be an expert in trade, manufacturing, shipping and trans. portation; one would be an expert in agriculture, including fruit growing, stock raising, and marketing, and one would be qualified to advise on matters affecting labor, ho ditions and home economics. Q. What s a tombs 2 ment?—C. C. C. tone tourns It is a golf game in which each ver is given a stake, or flag, to :an:flwhere(m; ball lies after using any strokes as handicap. DRI Q. How much of a tid Chicagaind 8" a tide is there at A. The tide of Lake Michi; about two inches. A true tidal varias of three inches - ot ety as been record. Q. What {s the stand: for a dozen eggs?—E. H..vr'# A. There is no stand: an. welght varies con!ld‘rlhl")"a.. El:fl"c'& good average size weigh about twen- ty-four ounces to the dozen. A dozen small eggs may weigh as little as elghteen ounces, while those selected for exceptional size may welgh thir- ty-two ounces to the dozen. weight Q. How many paintin, b, Paul Rubens are in elhl‘l’;ug—g.";ll: A. Bryan in_ his Dictionary Painters and Engravers savs’ ther the amount of Rubens’ pictorial work was prodigious. A lst records no fewer than 2,253, exclusive of 434 drawings. It was Rubens’ practice to employ many student assistants. It is not possible to say exactly how many of the pa Dinhy ot e paintings are still in —_— Q. How are boats towed tI !heHlanl of the Panama cflfl'r'_" A. Electrlo locomotives are used. Q. Wil you kindly tell me wh: it is that water placed high in the ll; in large tanks for supplying water needs does not freese in freeming weather when rivers, lakes and ponds will freeze thick enough for skating and even in the house the pipes freeze or burst?>—W. H. G. A. The Bureau of Standards says that the reason why water will not freeze in large tanks Jlaced bign in the air 1§ because the tanks are fairly. thick, affording _considerable insulation. heat capacity Is very large. In many cases heat is sup- plied the tanks to prevent freeszing. Q. Why 1s_the word colonel pro- nounced as if it contained an “r’?— R.R.C. A. The early spelling of the word —caronel—followed the Spanish and early French, accounting for the *r" sound. The present pronunciation, “kurnel,”” became established about 1800, before which time the second o™ ‘was given a value. Q. Is there any place in the Bible that cutting woman’s hair is for- bldden?—M. C. T e Bible does not spec ly ALAIE he cutting Of woman's hair. ly_what you refer to is found in the first book of Corinthians, eleventh chapter, fourteenth and fifteenth - verses: “Doth not even nature itself teach you that, if a man have 1 hair, it is & dishonor to him? But if & woman have long hair it is a glory to her, for her hair is given her for & cove ering.” ¢ gt The Brdoklyn Bagle Is convinced patients. ' STELLA M. IN TODAY’S SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS The House of Representatives had| passed a bill authorising an expenditure of $111,000,000 for the construction of eight crulsers for the Navy. Thereupon the erroneous announcement goes forth that the weakness of our Navy has been made good, provided the Senate and Executive agree. It appears to the public that through some oversight the ratio authorized by the international disarmament confer- ence of Washington, which permitted a ratio of naval strength to be 6-5-3, for the United States, Great Britain and Japan, respectively, had gone by default on our part down to a ratio of 4 for the United States, while the strength for Great Britain and Japan had been malntained, and that now that Congress had started to correct that neglect by authorizing elght new crulsers, all ‘would be well. It will tal about six years to build these eight crulsers, and even if_the authorization shall be con- firmed by the Senate and Executlve, they stiil exist only on paper, and within the six years much may hap- pen on both the Atlantic and Pacific —much with “grave consequences. Quoting from a speech made a few months ago by Capt. F. H. Schofleld of the U. S. Navy: “The total modern cruiser strength of the United States 1s 76,600 tons in ten vessels. The total cruiser rength of ' the Japanese navy mounts to 178,000 tons, of which six vessels are stili to be built, the total number_of vessels being twenty- eight. If we should lay down today enough cruisers to meet’ this program of the Japanese on the 5-3 ratio, we would have to lay down 228,000 tons in twenty-three vessels. The money has not been appropriated for a single one of these cruisers, and yet, next to battleships, the strategic control of the ific depends as much upon cruisers as upon any other type of vessel.” P atead of twenty-thres the House authorizes only eight! * o % K There was a failure of the Houste to appropriate $6.500,000 for elevating our guns upon battleships, so as to increase their range. This failure is sald by certain informed critics to have been due to personal considerations of certaln members of the House, and had nothing to do with the merits of the case. It is expected that the Sen- ate and then the conference will refn- state the item. The last session of Congress did make this gun-elevation appropria- tion, but it was not effective owing to & misunderstanding_among our diplo- mats. It had been stated by some officals in the Nuvy Department th it was necessary to elevate our guns and thereby increase their shooting range because England had recently elevated hers. It was stated that British battleships could stand miles bevond our range and hit our ves- scis while we would be helpless, ow ing to the shorter range of our guns. All the British ships outrange thir- teen of our battleships, while only five of our ships outrange all but three of the British vessels. But the State Department was told by Great Britain that she had not ele- vated any of her guns since the armi- stice; hence it was inferred that our action proposing to elevate our guns was based on misinformation. It now transpires that while Great Britain had not elevated her guns since the armistice, she had done so during the war. In the meanwhile, at the request of our State Department, the vy suspended operations and the 36,500.000 reverted back into the Treasury until a new Congress should reappropriate it. And the House has failed to do so. * % % % Great Britain has nineteen battle- ships with a range of 30,000 vards. Of the British ships now bullding, the two Rodneys will have a speed of 31 knots and the Hood a speed of 30 knots. She has five battldships 4 knots faster, and four battle crusiers, 9 to 10% knots faster than any of ours. None of our ships can exceed 21 knots an hour. Consequently, if we were at war with Great Britain and her battleships of 30,000 yards range, encountered our ships of 20,000 yards Ambassador Woods’ Resign Owing to the situation created by the enactment of the law excluding Japanese immigrants from the United range, they would keep in safety, about four or five miles out of dan- ger, while they demoiished our ves- sels; or it perchance any of our five of equal gun-power came -into the battie, the British vessels’ excess speed of 9 to 10% knots would make their escape certain. Mr. Hector Bywater, one of the foremost naval critics’ of England, said in_an article published recently in the Baltimore Sun: “Speaking as one who has studied the Washington naval treaty as closely as any one, I have no hesita- tion In saying that the United States could increase the elevation of the uns of its older battleships without nfringing either the letter or the spirit of the treaty. * ® ® Discussion on this poirt is really superfluous, in view of the well known fact that both France and Japan have recon- r capital ships along during the last two * % ox % The impression holds in some quarters that the disarmament con- ference required a lessening of com- petition between nations in all classes of naval ves: ‘whereas that decrease applied only to capital bat- tleships and airplane carriers, leav- ing the competition open as to sub- marines and crulsers. The United States Navy at that time was espe- clally strong In battleships and defi- clent in crulsers. This resulted seri- ously in the amount of scrapping re- quired by the United States, as com- pared with the British and Japanese navles, as has been stated by Rear Admiral H’ 8. Knapp, U. 8. N, in a speech soon after the conference. “In the following comparison,” said Admiral Knapp, “the American ton- nage scrapped will be used as the basis, reckoned as 100 per cent, and these years.” the order of mentfon will be United States, Great Britain and Japan in each instance. Considering total capital ship tonnage scrapped, the percentages are 100, 69 and 53. “This is the comparison usually stressed in non-technical comment, but it is very misleading, because it includes for all three nations a num- ber of superannuated ships due al- ready, or about to become due, for scrapping. The fairest comparison is based upon new tonnage laid down, plus that about to bo laid down, and for which expense had been incurred in the preparation of the material. On this basis the respective per- centages were 100, 28 and 46. * k¥ ¥ Not only in vessels was the Amer- fcan Navy crippled disproportionately by the disarmament conference, but by a shrewd “trade” made by Japan in the matter of the status quo of coaling and supply stations in the western half of the Pacific Ocean. Rear Admiral Knapp is again quoted: “Article XIX provided: ‘The United States, the British empire and Japan agreo that the status quo at the time of the signing of the present treaty, with regard to fortifications and naval bases, their respective territories and pos- sessfons specified hereunder.'” Rear Admiral Knapp comments: “When the specifications are read, all the territorles and possessions to which they refer ars scen to be In- sular. The agresment includes every- thing insular that Japan holds now or may acquire outside of Japan proper; it includes our Aleutian Is- lands and everything insular, present or future, under our flag west of the Hawalian Islands, and 1t includes Hongkong and present or future in- sular holdings of the British em- pire east of 110 degrees ecast longi- tude, except the Canadian Islands, Ausfralia and its islands and New Zealand. It will be noted that the language of the article is ‘fortifica- tions and naval bases'—not ‘fortifi- cation of naval bases.' A navy without bases, safely forti- fled, {s as useless as a gun without ammunition. We cannot _fortify, beyond present defenses, anv of our western Pacific holdings, but Japan can make her mainland as strong as she will. Japan is now building twelve cruisers and thirty-seven sub- marines—some ~ submarines larger than any in existence, and with a far wider crulsing range. Secretary of the Navy Wilbur says: “In cruisers and light cruisers the United States rates third with England and Japan with a ratio of 5-3-1. (Copyright, 1924, by Paul V. Collin: ation Considered Only as Protest that “Mr. Woods' resignation coming at this time Is a inatter for grave concern. Our relations with Japan have never been more severely strain- States, the resignation of Cyrus E.|ed. That country is in the midst of Woods, as ambassador to Japan, has caused considerable discussion by the American press as to his reasons for quitting this important post at the present time. Expressions of regret come from editors all over the coun- try, who feel that Ambassador Woods has rendered notable service in the orfent and that his influence would mean much toward preventing a rup- ture of friendly relations between American and Japanese people if he would remain in Tokio. As the Pittsburgh Gazette Times sees it “he personally has the good will of the Japanese and might do much to soften - their feelings,” though, “there is nothing more to be done on this side, there being no ill- will here,” but, “the personal reason given for Mr. Woods' resignation ought to be accepted without ques- tioning.” The New York Evening Post, however, suggests “those who realize how earnestly Ambassador ‘Woods has labored, how much he had accomplished and’ what, high hopes were his, will note that two weeks before May 1 the Senate of the United States had destroyed much that he, his predecessors and a gen- erous nation had done through many years.” The Miam{ News Metropolis is confident that “the action at the Capital was the means of hastening a step that the ambassador had been contemplating.” A political upheaval already has transpired in Japan, “predicated In_ some measure upon the position of the American Con- ot continues the Springfleld ews, and, since “Mr. Woods opposed the exclusion act, he feels that he cannot properly represent his gov- ernment in Japan under the circum- stances.” * k ok ok Mr. Woods' presence in Japan “dur- ing the exclusion excitement has been of great benefit to both nations,” in the opinion of the Salt Lake Deseret News, which claims “there are ahead important and, in some respects, crit- ical developments and readjustments in Japan, and it is unfortunate that Mr. Woods will not be there .to help in guiding them.” For Mr. Woods was ‘“the best Ilked representative the United States has ever had in Japan, according to the Wilkes-Barre Record, which believe: ‘would have been fortunate to have had so capable and well liked a diplomat at Tokio,” because, “another may not do 8o well.” 'The Minneapolis Tribune re- calls that the quake gave him an unusual opportunity to strengthen the friendly bond between the two countries, and sinco “the situation created by the action of Con; s on the immigration bill has had an in- jurious on this friendly bond, his presence would have been a reminder, h as possibly no successor can pro- rican people enter- feelings & st their oriental nelghbors,” th re, “he could do more than others to recon- cile them to the decision in favor of exclusion, and to convince them that the motive that lies behind exclusion 13 economie rather than social.”. ’ a dramatic political upheaval. The government has just been toppled over in the election and our Con- gress has caused consternation in the island empire by tearing up the ‘gen tlemen’s agreement’ governing imm gration. 1t is a situation in whic almost anything may happen. Cer- tainly if we ever needed an am- bassador in Tokio it is now.” The Milwaukee Journal refers to Mr. Woods™ address and declares .“it is not an edifying thing for our am- bassador in Japan to wax apologetic to a foreign people about & law drawn up by Congress.” To this the Kala- mazoo Gazette replies: “An ambassa- dor—certainly, at least, one of Woods' fine discretion—would not have given expression to such thought at such & time unless he wished both the Japanese and the American_ governments to accept them as the real reason for his resig- nataion.” In fact, the St. Louis Post- Dispatch Insists, Woods “is discour- aged by = congressional action that undoes so many years of diplomacy and strains long-cultivated ties of friendship.” * ok K ¥ “It 1s all very unfortunate and re- grettable,” continues the Roanoke Times, and “all the more so because it could have been avoided by the exercise of congressional moderation and intelligent understanding of the tuation in all its phgses.” The Davenport Democrat maintains that it “seems to be difficult to keep one man long in the post of American ambassador to Japan,” because, “three times within the last three years a change has been made in the head of the American mission to that country,” but, “the mysterious orient cannot be mastered by residence there of only one year,” and when trained en are sent to important posts hey should be retained there, no matter what may be their political faith on domestic questions.” If the American government is to have a real diplomatic service, the Louisville Courler Journal believes “this defect of short-time residence at a foreign capital must be rectified,” because, “it s incredible that this frequency In displacements in one of the most Im portant posts of the American diplo- matic gervice can be helpful to Ame: ican prestige or American interests abroad.” Protests Condition Of Suburban Roads To the Editor of The Star: I am glad that somebody has at last had the courage to protest publicly against the disgraceful condition of the roads it is now necessary to use ‘Jfoi'n" ‘wishes to drive out to Cabin Besides being a positive danger to life and limb through accidents, they are a' menace to the very heaith of the community, for physitians, who: ractices cover the district Letween thesda and the Potemac, now find it practically impossible to reach— extept by _foot—many of their McGEHEER, shall be maintained in | COURAGE “I am the master of my fate, 1 am the captuin of m‘; soul.” —HENLEY. Being suspended from college and without any aim or desire in life ex- cept to have a “good time,” Eugene O'Neill was slated by his friends to be a sure-fire failure. James O'Neill, famous portrayer of “Monte Cristo” was his father and the boy traveled with his parents untll he was seven years old. At seven he was placed In a convent school, then went to a Dreparatory school and at eighteen entered Princeton. Within a year he got into an escapade and was suspended. Being secretary of a mail-order business, in which his father was interested, was too tame, and he went to Honduras, fell sick and was sent home. His father made him assistant treasurer of his dramatic company, and he lasted six months, Shanghaled, he was saflor for sixty-flve days until reached Buenos Aires. There he worked for representatives of Amer- ican concerns a short time, shipped to Portuguese South Africa, then to New York, where he hung around “Jimmy the Priest's”, a waterfront dive, until he shipped as sailor on the ' American liner New York to Southampton. Working his way back he again went with his father, play- ing & small part in a vaudeville ver- sion of “Monte Crist Next he was reporter for a New London, Conn., newspaper. The doc- tors said he had tuberculosis, and sent him to a sanitarium, and for six months _he had to live according to rules. While thero he wrote poems, and decided to settle down and be a writer. While recuperating he wrote some one-acf plays. Then, at 25, he entered Harvard to study playwriting. Writing longer plays, he mailed two to a New York manager. They came back two years later, unread. He sent two others to another manager, the producer failed and the manuscripts came back, also unread. A magazine published thres of his short plays and Provincetown Players, at Provincetown, Mass, tried out some of them. He wrote “Beyond the Horizon” in 1919 and it won the Pulitzer prize. Next came “Emperor Jones” and “Annie Christie” and others followed. Today O'Nelll is one of the leading playwrights of the country. (Copyright, 1024.) Urges Art Appreciation. Writer Declares Study of Beauty Will Remedy Unrest. To the Editor of The Star: The patrons of the arts who as- sembled {n Washington recently in attendance upon the sessions of the American Federation of Arts sent a wise message through the land when they upheld an appreciation of art as the best investment open to mortal man.’ In their discussions it was ex- plained that much of the restlessness, the seeking after sensation and the lawlessness of the present day spring in no small measure from the im- pulsive efforts of individuals to escape the humdrumness of everyday life. Mr. Otto H.. Kahn, the New York financier. who developed this thought at length, contended, and wisely so, it stems to the writer, that art can lead these impulses into fruitful channels, remarkihg that rich and SUMMER SONG BIRDS BY J. C. RANSON. Bird song is at its best tn May and June. By the end of May the bitds have arrived for ‘the season” and are busy with nest building and house- keeping. Meanwhils the male birds. and sometimes the females, fill the air with melody. You have heard the robin as he greets the dawn or bids farewell to day at sunset. The car- dinal, as he asks “what cheer!” {8 no ' stranger to you. You have “listened | to the mocking bird,” and have been delighted with the “jazz” of the ! noisy catbird or the gay browa . thrush, and you have stopped to listen during your walk in the woods to the pewee, who seems to fear the world will forget his name. You - must have heard the little warbler who greets you with “dearte” and’ the song sparrow, one of the most tuneful of our summer birds. There will be no dispute about plac- ing the mocking bird first among the summer songsters. Some think him noisy and declare him a nuisance, but | to one interested in birds he and his mate are the Caruso and Tetrazzint of the feathered opera. The mocking bird has never fully overcome his in- nate shyness, but nowadays these birds often nest in the honeysuckle beside the house or in a thick tree top . in the yard, and hover near and be- come friendly. And how they do sing, at dawn, at intervals through the da in the evening and sometimes in t moonlight_in the mating and nesting season. The mocking bird's song is ° unequaled in variety of notes, in vol- ume and melody by that of any other bird, unless it be the skvlark of Eu- rope. The mocking bird's song is never twice the same. He has his fa- vorite call to his mate, but inter- spersed therewith is a series of and variations, suggested, it m by sounds which it hears from other birds. Whether the mocking bird really imitates the songs of oth; birds is not clear. Some of the soul are like that, but if he is rea “mocking” other birds, his renditions are such an improvement upon th. original as to be hardly rccognizab! #ox % % Next after the mocking bird. un doubtedly the cardinal grosbeak i our greatest summer singer. Th beauty of the cocl bird's plumage is equaled by its melody. He sings from the highest branch of the treetop. and his notes, fn which one recog- nizes “what cheer,” followed by other combinations which do not lend themselves readily to expression in words, is a beautiful bird song. The cardinal should not be confused with the scarlet tanager, whose plumage is brighter and his song less mi- lodious. The fobin stands forth as cne of the greatest feathered songsters. He is a familiar object and his song is too well known to need description Every one knows his melodious “to: ral-1oo” and remembers the sweo melody. The robin is notable in many ways. He prefers the orchard to the forest for nesting and the dooryard and plowed fleld to the secluded thicket for his foraging. From choice the robin lives in the open He is nearly as domesticated as thc dooryard chicken and just us useful He dwells near men because his food i& most easily found about farms, gardens and orchards. The robin lives upon earthworms, the larvae of beetles, bugs. and insects of many kinds. Ye#, he somfetimes eats cher- ries, strawberries and other small fruits, but oniy the man who does not know his value to orchard and gar- den would think of shooting him for visiting the cherry tree. The robin does not eat cherries or poor alike must be taken out of their |any other ffuit i{f he can find worn surroundings from time to time to give their souls an airing. The statement that art is not a thing to be set apart for the enjoy- ment of an opulent few only, but that it is a vital, daily part of the lives of all the people, as contended by Mr. Kahn, surely opens up an interesting vista, wherein is glimpsed the effort to set up a love for the beautiful in nature, in painting and In sculpture as an antidote for the degradations of an age so generally held to he decadent in the direction of the good and the noble, particularly in music and painting. The writer does not recall having ever seen listed among the many panaceas urged upon the world as a corrective for its present evils by political leaders and statesmen the study of art; but it is certainly true that the normal man who stands be- fore one of the masterpieces of paint- ing or sculpture, contemplative of its beauty and of ‘the skill of its de- signer, is not the type of human be- ing who will go forth and lose bal- ance and perspective, or seek to de- stroy those things which are pre- rved under government in harmony and order, and an appreciation of art to this extent can, indeed, interpose an obstacle to the evils of the time. There was a time in America—and not so long ago, either—when interest in art upon the part of the so-called “plain people” was decried; it wa held to be above the masses of our citizens; indeed. it was in numerous instances thought to be entirely for. eign to their aspirations and ideal Happily, this view has undergone a radical change, due in part to the in- fluence of such organizations as the American Federation of Arts. Stead- ily there has been a growing number of students and of art schools in Which to instruct them, while there have come into being In our dail press features involving the gene: discussion of art and the work of artists. This is noticeable here in the District through The Evening Star, the contributions to the art col- umns of which from Miss Leila Mech- lin, secretary of the federation, are of conspicuous interest and add much to the knowledge of the citizens of this city upon the subject. ‘The writer has noted the fncreas- ing interest displayed upon the part ot visitors to the National Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, in the works of art on exhibition there, as supporting the view of the American Federation of Arts that art is a vital, daily part ef the lives of all the peo- ple. This ‘may be better realized when it is understood that there are frequently 1,600 people in this gallery during a day. Tourists and excur- sionists make it a stopping place for the purpose of inspection. One may hear there the casual visi- tor declaim upon the merits of the beautiful “Lady Rodney,” Gaine- borough's masterful canvas in blue, the center of the McFadden collection, contrasting it with the same artist's “Blue Boy,” his world famous colorful portmait, brought to America in 1922, although painted in the-same year as the “Lady Rodney,” about 1770, both being Gainsborough's challenge to the school of that time, who held that a plcture in which blue was the domi- nating note coujd not be successful. One cannot, in fact, remain long in this gallery without becoming aware of a better and growing knowledge among people of art. Let this appreciation of art be fos- tered by. our government and by the patrons of art 1n our country to the end that it may, indeed, in harmony with the views of the American Fed- eration of Arts, become a softening medium whereby “rich and poor alike may be taken out of their surround- ing from time to timé to give their souls an alring.” WILLIAM L. QUAID. Argues Against Boost In District Taxation To the Editor of The Star: I do not think you have missed any points in your splendid fight for a fair participation by the government in District expenses; but there is one consideration which cannot too often be urged. Yesterday in the Senate, it was contended that taxation in the District should equal the average of other large citles. It should be re- membered that the tax burdens in many cities is largely increased to meet t wapte, past and present through political graftérs and favor- ed_contractors. It the District has escaped these abuses, it is entitled to the benefit of its good fortune in this respect. 2 WOODBURY PULSIFER.- s and insects enough. He i8 a vora- cious fecder. The adult bird needs fully one and one-half pounds of worms and insects each day. Youns robins in the nest require about four times their welght in grubs and beetles each twenty-four hours while coming to maturify. It is some job for two parent birds to forage enough for a family of four to six. No wonder they steal a few cherries, strawberries .and, other small fruits. The birds can be kept away from the frults by “sgarecrows,” and it would not be o great a task for the farmer to cultivate his garden or field, when the robin would forsake the cherry tree for the freshly turned eartl, where the grubs are to be found. And why in the name of all that is decent have not farmers and orchard growers not fallen for the idea of planting a few cherry trees for the exclusive use of the birds? Only the robins, the purple grackle, = the cherry bird, the catbird and the ortolan carc for cherrtes anyhow. * % % % The song sparrow is entitled to a solo part in the summer opera. No- body can listen to this little fellow trilling inkle-tinkle, teter-teter, tee, tce.,” and not be enchanted. He is the embodiment of rapture and enthusiasm as he mounts a stake or alights upon a dry limb and pour forth his melody. His nest is alwa near by and his mate i§ warming the €gEs. . The mourning dove is another me- lodious bird. His note is low, sooth- ing and plaintive, but has no equal, except in the ring pigeon, a Chine bird, which one may see at the Zoo The notes of the mourning dove affect some persons unfavorably, re- minding them of the sounds of woe at a human funeral. But when it is taken into account that this song 1s that of the male bird to bis mata at the mating time or when she is sitting upon the nest it ought not to have any such sad significance as those who dread death and dislike 2 funeral give to it. Beuatiful “Bob White” must not be forgotten among the summer birds. He is the quail or partridge, as people of southern birth call him. —His whistle to his mate may be called a love song, or its bold blast may be taken as a challenge to his rival in the next field. There is probably nothing more inspiriting than the whistling of two or three of these birds on a summer morning about sunrise, while they stand vigil as the hen partridges and their broods are foraging below. Little “jenny wren” is also ¢ tiled to a_place among the summef singers. She lives in a box set up Dby. the thoughtful farmer near the house, in a hollow tree in thc orchard, or even in aw abandoned woodpeek- er's mest in a -dry limb. The house wren {s & saucy creature, and as full of business as . the proverbial old woman- in the shoe. She builds her nest of a half peck of small stigks with strings and feathers she picks up In the dooryard. The wren de- lights in driving out the jack spar- row. She pulls th¢ nest out bodily and builds her own, of a size to con- trast with her owx diminutive pro- portions. She, darts everywhere in search of the small. worms and bugs upon which she’ feeds, and both birds sing long and lod as they stay with us. Their song:is a merry rountde- lay, as delightful agthelr rapld move- ments, their jerking tails and spar- kling black eves. TR kAR ¥ Space does nopallow of a u&alogug of the warblers,, but one cannot re- frain from pointing out the song.of the goldfinch, ‘which comes late M June and lasts wéll into autumn, when these birds are feeding upon istle seeds. from which they e heea given the mame of “thistie bird. The> o!he:“ ye:low-tbronted are . good: Singers, s are. B e Sparrowe, some. of the verios and the orioles. In Washing- ton we seldom see the beautiful Bal- timore oriole and miss hiz song. The bobolink s also a northern bird, for whose breesy song there is no substi- fute in this latitade. Some one was trying to tell this writer the “hob- olink” was plentiful here, but he is ‘ot plentiful, and is ¥ery rare, if he iy ever seen here-at all, The writer has not seen one of them 'in a residence’ in Washington af twenty-five years, cx- cépt-in the autumn. “when tfey gic migrating_southward as “reed b The meadow lark, the Killdeer, the whipoorwill and thé flicker are’ tere and can be heard at times, the Sicker often. = e = <