Evening Star Newspaper, June 1, 1924, Page 43

- France Might Cut Its Army -EVERYDAY RELIGION By RT. REV. JAMES Bishop of RIGHTEOUS JUDGMENT. ST, JOHN: 7:24. “Judge not accord- ing the appearance, but judge righteous judgment.” The rarest thing righteous judgment ditions have, for the robbed us of that that disc he is on- in our ti Abnormal while at kind of judgment discrimination and need are not broad have Krown super- Mott was right when we need are not broad By through. least, pses “What of life we Dr. John “what but penetrative v this he meant views that se rather than those that How rarely do meet nowa regard dispas- calm judgment sai we views s we men and women who Iy with onditions in our life with peril to our The erowd is always pan and it is the erowd that conditions that are Mr. Lincoln was sl Breat city heads and sionat and those fraught tions. pre perilous ot, men York lost with them in of New along A5 though the iter of ity was to be riots and Jiumes A me disorde Garfield, mob and to eall it back to sanity Wl judgment. After quoting ADU passage from one of the pealms. he coneluded his memorable ance with the words: the government at Washington lives™ His action had u pacif auieting effect. A single man had reasoned judgment was atill the mob spirit and to order out of seeming chaos. How Situntions Are Saved. Repeatedly in the of tory man with convi tions and penetrative dered a like community, the course some strong a service, but to went not only nation. nst a g When cause him his hor presently him and s are brokei full surveyed the field, derly dashed ‘Sire, the and the columns Putting his gla ye the great tactician one surveved the field and even the duy was near its close, 10 the orderly with calm tion, “Tell Is the Iime” Without the message was carr treating of a halted up re s though he su delibera to reform d to the re Ereat master the retreat and before nightfall ane gain crowned the arms Franee " Other men in like situation would “have hesitated. It took master of men to save the day, We have had repeated crises in this countrsy in every case it ha New Questions around. that are ‘institu- Ky, ipitates When the their their Judgmients, and for a while it looked the dured nd up in the face of a turging and an utter- “God reigns and still and who able to bring his- vision has ren- to a at Merango, Napoleon, sitting quietly on when to French lines | t in to ain nent's pause solumns and winder the spur was vietory of E. FREEMAN, D. D. Washington. been the calm. dispassionate and righteous judgment of those whose faith could not be shaken who saved the day. Since the close of the great war the whole world seems to have lost its poise, with “men’s hearts failing them for fear, and for looking fter those things which are coming on the earth.” The very things of ilization itself have emed to be in pe urmistice nd the subsequent ¥_have ef- fected little, if anything. There has been restlessness with deen concern everywhere: suspicion and distrust hold sovereign sway. [ven those old. stable qualitiex in human natur. that are our safeguards have been questioned. A pussion for change. a st for variety, has seized us: even our social occupations and amuse- ments are hectic «nd the high stand- rds of music huve degenerated into what is commonly called “jazz.” Old Standards Quentioned. In the church itself the trumpet has given forth an uncertain sound and men are confused as to how and where to prepare for the battle. Old standards are questioned, old beliefs seem to be imperiled, and the com- fort asonable, religious and holy hope” ix taken from us. In the present hour have seized for a standard of judgment, “there is none that docth good. no not one” This situation is frausht with grave perils nd the time has come women of strong and stable convie- tions to stund up and declare their h. What an example we have in sublime calm of Jesus as He sfore the violent mob in Again, what amazing poise He discloses asx He silently the petty Roman governor. With a_consciousness of ab- power in himself, with the full realization that He is the “cap- tain of His soul” as well as of the souls of the muititude, He submits false judgments, and with the ross before His eves e goes on to His inevitable doom. He knew full well what the judgment of history would be concerning His cause. He could not be swerved from His course by the ephemeral judgments of men. ry follower of His who has al sorbed His teaching and lived by it has emulated His example. No mob judgment. no so-called vuice of the peopie (which is t frequently ken for the voice of God) has erved them from their course. me of these majestic leaders have seemed to fail, but where one g cration has condemned, a_succeeding one has applauded and lifted them to_the supreme heights of sainthood. The present hour calls for men and women of deep conviction, of vital faith, who have the power to Jjudge righteous judzment. Hasty opinions are dungerous. Righteous judgments that reckon with God in human af- fairs and that are touched with the charity which Christ disclosed in all Hisx dealinix with men are the su- preme need of this hour. (Copyright a we e the staids 1 Jerusalem. ent News Features, Arising In European Politics __(Continued from First Page.) another election there is little doubt that they will succeed by a tre- mendous Their refusal to go farther in participating in the pres- ent government may be a move to foree another election whereby party ends be gained and Germany thrown into the hands of a dictator- ship. The Nationalist demands, and on which they hope to gain eventu- &lly even further power in the gov- ernment, follow: First—lImmediate election of a new dent. ond—Repeal of the law protection of the republic. Third—Amnesty for all participants in the Munich and Kuestrin revolts’ Fourth—Trial on the charge of trea- #on of all who participated in the rev- olution of November, 1915, and col- laborated with the soviet government. Fifth—Expulsion of all Jews who have entered Germany since 1914: par- tial con ation of their property and abolftion of their right to change Jewish names Xth—All Jews to be placed under special legislation, It is just as well the allies have re- minded Germany that her future still 18 in the hands of the allies, The demand for inspection and curtail- ment of Germanic arms is just as #00d & means as any other to remind the conflicting German parties that, whatever their solution of domestic troubles, they always must consider allied stipulations and walk the chalk ine of rectitude in international dealing. Poincare Plays Hand. While the Germans are mil and there in order to find a solution of their difficulties, Premier Poin- re of France continues to play an tute political hand. During the hours he is to remain in power be- fore a new premler and government is selected he is building up a heri vot may for the ng here tage not wholly to be desired by an successor. ) Premier Poincare has announced that he will lead ' v the opposition to the party in power in the new cham- ber. Coincidentally he announces that always he will stand champion of the rigorous pol which caused his overthrow. anticipates cleavage in the ranks of t Left par- ties and some crises in which, if the government wavers, he may again as- sume a place in the sun Apparently last week was running smoothly ward eventual settlement of the Franco-German problems. This could not be designed to promote the fall of the Incoming government or work to further Poincare’s future ambitions. During the past week Poincare approached Premier Mac- Donald, also Italy and Belgium, ask- ing saction for the new council of ambassadors’ demands for disarma- ment in Germany. Approval was glven. Then the council. unquestionably greatly influenced at all times by Poin- care and the French viewpoint, dis- patched its demands to Berlin, attach- ing a practical ultimatum that Germany hall consent within a month. Poin- are will be out of office, presumably, that time. The Left parties will be in_control. Unquestionably Poincare visions a moment in the French chamber when he can righteousiy arise and cite- the fact that Ger- many has defled the demand. He could flay any govérnment which did not press the ultimatum to the finish, He could claim bet 1 of France. The only way in which the Poincare maneuver could prove fruitless would be for Germany to consent to allled inspection and control, a thing which might prove doubtful in case the German Nationalists should be sit- £ in the saddle in Berlin, Under no circumstances has the council of ambassadors’ demand helped the in coming left government, committed as it will be to the idea of amicable and speedy solutions of those prob- lems muddying European waters gen- erally. Youwithstanding ~ conflicting rents, again flowing strong! «till prevails an erything looking to- cur- ¥. there optimism unable to withstand close scrutiny that all 7ill be well the moment the new rench and German governments are seated . If U. S. Slices Off Its Debt (Continued from F shelter the people have been built.” M. Herriot admitted, “but the devas. tated regions have only the barest necessities of life. They still lack churches, schools, hospitals and gov- ernment buildings. We Have need of reparations money to complete this work.” “The British,” 1 suggested, “fear that if France receives reparations money that, no longer needing it, she will make military loans to the little entente. keeping Europe in a state of armed truce.” “I cannot speak for the govern- ment of M. Poincare.”” M. Herriot re- turned, “but I know that my own party, once in power, will counte- nance no such loans. Loans to the little entente have been voted in the past, it is true, but I have consistently opposed them. I have said on the floor of the chamber and at other times that France, without abandon- ing any of her rights, could rise above the clash of interests and passions and bring peace to Europe. Generals, 1 maintain, bring tories, but it takes statesmen to derive lasting benefits from these victories. Cautious About Debt. My next question, “Does France ex- pect to pay her debts?” was put with malicious intent. I had been inform- ed that no French statesman could announce publicly that the American debts should be paid. To do so, I was told, would be political suicide. “We want to recognize our debts, was M. Herriot's cautious reply. “And that is what we should do with reparatlons money if we had it. I'll tell you what we'll do,” continued the French deputy, Bl i, |a check on Germany. Help us collect reparations and we'll turn the money over to you.” My final question dealt with the proposal of the American Bankers' Assoclation to reduce the French debt to the United States in return for a corresponding reduction of the French army. “This sounds like a fair proposl- tion,” replied M. Herriot after some thought. “The American bankers, as I understand it, realize that about 70 per cent of the American loan to France was spent for munitions, gasoline and materials which con- tributed directly to the common cause of victory. A cancellation of about 70 per cent of the French debt would be a contribution to the cause of vic- tory, and if it brought a correspond- ing reduction in the French army would be a still more important con- tribution to the cause of peace. My party favors a reduction of the term of compulsory military service to six months and we would certainly wel- come an American proposal such as the American Bankers' Association suggests.” o=t Dead Letter Mail. About 42,000,000 letters pass through the dead letter branches of the post office in the United States yearly because they are undeliver- able. This at the rate of 3,500,000 a month, and assuming that it takes fifteen minutes for the sender to write each of thesc letters, they rep- resent a loss of 10,500,000 hours, which, converted into working days with one of his good- | of eight hours each, would mean for men and | jat BY HERBERT COREY. F course, the finest rural scenery in the world s to be found in Kentucky. Or, in deference to the sensibili- ties of the other states, the rural scenery in Kentucky s just as fine as can be found in the world. But it dldn’t register with William C. Deming. He looked at blue grass. the Ohio River. the Old Pepper distillery and the Hargis clan and remained cold. Then he went to Warren, Ohio, and fell in love with an old-fashioned square set round with hitching posts. So he became the president of the United States Civil “Service Com- mission, That ien't s foolish as it sounds. Deming's father was a lawyer in Kentucky. Sons have a way of fol- lowing in the father's footsteps in the southern states. and young Wil- liam C. was packed up, crated and duly delivered to the law. He prac- ticed for a few years and liked it and was forging ahead and the elder prac- titioners were getting so they did not snort when he came around on the shady side of the courthouse. He even ot £o that he had clients. Journallvm in Kentucky. All this time it had neve to him that he might abandon Black- stone and go into journalism. JWhy should it? Journalism in Kentlieky was occasionally practiced through an overcoat pocket in those days. During campaigns editors carried shotguns. “I wish youwd go up to Warren Ohio, and take a look at a little paper we're think about buying,” said one of his clients. His client prob- ably called Mr. Deming “Bill" He naturally would. Mr. Deming isn't the biustering Bill sort, but he has a kindly, likable manner and a pleas- ant ression and candi straight-forward blue . Now- adays his brown haiv is getting gray the ends. He may never have been Bill to the general public but he must certainly have been Bill to his friends. So he went to Warren Ohlo, and fell in love with that fine old resldential western reserve town, with its wide streets shaded by ove hunging elms and hitching posts around four sides of the city square. “Buy It.” he advised his client. The client agreed on condition that Deming would hecome the editor, It was a good thing for both, for steel mills were struck in the neighb hood a little later and Warren is now the fourteenth town in point of business in the state and heen practically ruined for a residevtial center. But the hitching posts still there Editor Demi ceeurred g made fight for them when the progressive element wanted to turn the streets over to flivvers. He said that a horse had his rights A long way Trom being president of the United States Civil Service Commission, which presides over the conditions goveining the employment ¢ more than 400,000 persons in the fied civil service? Not so far. He made a success of his editorial venture in Warren. Then Wyoming called him. Buys Wyoming Newspaper. They were singing a more or less rugged song in Wyoming at the time which alleged that “they play their aces high, in Cheyenne, In Cheyenne,” along with a number of other irrele BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the as ended May 21: The British Empire—A pleasantly liclous Conservative resolution was moved in the Commons the other day, proposing that the salary of the min- ister of labor be reduced on the ground that, having falled to accom- plish or propose anything worth while toward relief of the ugemploy- ment situation, he was overpaid. The resolutfon sounds-bizarre, but it is a fact that the true ralson d'etre of (He Labor government is its promise to relieve the unemployment situ- ation, and the Commons were pleased to take the motion seriously. It was defeated by a vote of 300 to 232, the Liberals having decided, but only after much deliberation, to save the government. Mr. Asquith, however, warned the government in somewhat contemptuous language that it sur vived only by Liberal sufferance and that the Liberals proposed narrowly to scrutinize its procedure in future. The King and Queen of Italy and their daughter, the Princess Mafalda, made & brief visit to the King and Queen of England in the week just passed. The Prince of Wales knock- ed off steeplechasing for the nonce to act as escort for the charming rincess, wherefpre gossip all a-buzz. nSv\'eral memlfi-rn of the Russian treaty delegation now in London have been invited to King George's levee tomorrow. One hears that they were in & blue funk about their costume, but have devised something very “nifty.” This is pleasant and removes the doubt caused by their superhu- man loquacits as to their being hu- man at all. ‘At the invitation of Premier Mac- Donald, Premier Sir James Craig of Ulster and Mr. Cosgrave, president of the Dail Elreann. are spending the week end at Chequers Court for a three-cornered talk on the Irish boundary question. The expedition to scale Mount Ev- erest has had a serious reverse. It had been hoved to make a drive for the top starting from the Alpine Lase (North Col, or camp No. 4, 22,000 feet) about May 17. (The first assault in 1922 was started on May 20.) But the attempt to_establish the North Col camp was foiled by sudden develop- ment of frightful weather conditions —thermometer 22 below, violent bliz- zards. On May 12 a general retreat to the Rongbuk (base) camp was or- dered. It was evident that the route up from the North Col would be im- passable for a week, and precious hu- man energles were being sapped. Fortunately the supplies for that and higher camps had been carried up to No. 3 camp, and_thus establishment of the Alpine or No. 4 camp on clear- ing of the weather made easy. In the frustrated attempt one man died of cerebral hemorrhages, one was badly frostbitten, one broke a leg and two contracted severe bron- chitis—all Tibetans or Gurkhas. We learn the above from a message from Lieut. Col. Norton, dispatched from the Rongbuk camp on May 18, on the eve of & fresh start for the North Col. Squadron Leader MacLaren, the British aviator, who, with two compan- lons, has been flying eastward in & Vickers-Vimy amphibian, in at. seven WILLIAM C vant matters. So he landed Cheyenne, became one of the Johnn Come-Latelys, which term of oppro- brium was applied by the oldti to a crowd of youns men from enst who thought it was time ground rules of the prairie game modified into modernity, and bought paper that was suffering from per- nicious anemia Wyoming was a grand old state in those days. A grand old state Gambling was wide open and in the more up-to-date towns the saloons close during church hours and in some settiements “municipal ordi- nances had been passed requiring the well known Mrs. Warren to keep off the streets until after 10 o'clock at night. by which time the wives of the city had presumably finished their marketing, and officers of the law made a practice of fanning their two- and-three-quarter-pound Colt six- o in rers the the be shooters when any one started any- thing, by which method whatever had been started was abated in the smoke. Oh, it was a grand old state “We must change this” said Mr. Deming and the other Johnn Lately after sundry mishaps, was stalled for aslong time somewhere in the desert east of Karachi, India, waiting for a new engine, at last took to the air again and reached Allahabad, whence he expected to hop off on May 16, The chapter of aecidents must have continued, for he did not reach Ak- vab, Burma. until the 24th, In taking off from Akyab Harbor for Rangoon the machine (under what circumstan- ces does not appear) was fatally smashed, but without injury to the occcupants. And now follows the record of a very pretty plece of sportsmanship. A~ duplicate machine was awaiting MacLaren at Hakodate, Japan. Be it observed - that Mac- Laren is, in a manner of speaking, conipeting with our birdmen for the honor of being the first to make the aerfal circuit of the zlobe. Appar ently by permission of Washingtor, cabled in response to a cabled request from our naval attache at Toklo. the United States destroyer John Paui Jones appeared at Hakodate on May 29, took on board the duplicate plane and steamed off full speed for Hong- kong. At Hongkong the machine will be transferred to anbther American destroyer, which will convey it to Akyab. So MacLaren will still have a fighting chance. * x ok X France.—If ‘the dispatches speak true, Pelletier D'Oisy, the flyer, was delayed for several days by a bizarre and truly celestial development. It will be recalled that in the landing at Shanghai, in Kiangsu Province, China, his machine was smashed to smithereens by collision with a golf bunker. Thereupon the tuchun of Kiangsu and the tuchun of Chekiang (the province just south of Kiangsu) each offered him a new machine. D'Oisy accepted the one offered by the tuchun of Chekiang. Now the tuchuns of Kiangsu and Chekiang are-not exactly frlends and the for- mer was very wroth that his rival's offer should be preferred. Therefore he told D'Oisy that he might hop off from Shanghal and be hanged to him, but should he land anywhere in Kiangeu the gift of that scoundrel, the tuchun of Chekiang, would be confiscated, a threat sufficiently dis- concerting, since a landing some- where in Kiangsu refuel would be necessary. to But, whether the tuchun of Kiangsu swallowed his choler or yielded to representations from the French authorities, or whatever the explanation on May 29, D'Oisy hop- ped off, landed and refuelled at Suchau, in Kiangsu, and reached Peking that evening. I agaln postpone discuseion of the i political situation in France. By the end of another week that situation should be considerably clarified. Paul Cambon is dead. He will chlefly be remembered for his great services as French ambassador at London for many years, in which ca- pacity he contributed as much per- haps as any one toward the creation of the entente cordiale between France and Britain. There have been few more astute or successful diplomats. r. John D. Rockefeller, jr. has given & million dollars to the French government, to be applied to recon- struction of the roof of Rheims Cathedral and repair of the palace, DEM And they did. Nowadays Wyom- ing is full of oil and peace and pros- perity and irrigation plans and that noisome but nece ¥ animal, the sheep, and large hotels cquipped with animal and vegetable palms. The Johnny-Come-Latelys even succeed- ed in reforming Wyoming before the rest of the land took the veil. The | old-time sheep and cattle men did not quit drinking themselves, You un- derstand, but they perceived that it was necessary to their business that their cowpunchers and sheep herders quit lickering up. A drunken cew- puncher is not only not an asset, but he is apt to be a violent and demon- strative entry in red ink. “It was an economic proposition,” Mr. Deming. Of course, there were a few econo- mists who were not convinced, and some of them threatened to shoot the reformer, and even went so far as to weep bitterly all over some of the new hotel lobbies. But nothing more lethal happened. Then Mr. Deming got interested in the way that the government busi- ness is being handled and was made and of the Palace of Fonta and its grounds, “Versailles and been sadly neg ning of the war. welcome, as the French government lacks the funds their recondition- ing or for restoration of the -cathe- dral. ebleau | Fontainebleau have cted since the begin- The gift is most * %ok % Germany.—The first meeting of the new Relchstag was beyond question the most entertaining legislative af- fair to date. For complete negation of order a Donnybrook fair or a base ball game between Yale and Harvard graduates would pale beside 1t. The show was furnished by the extrem- ists of right and left. ic., the Com- munists and the Freedomites (the extreme Nationalists). Tt besan with a singing contest, these rendering “Deutschland Ucber Alles,” those the “Internationale.” With the aid of the galleries the “Internationale” won. After that an interchange of the Ger- man equivalent of Billingsgate— coplous and rich, interspersed with the most hideous and ingenious ef- forts of the human vocal organs cluding a_speclal “sea breeza for von Tirpitz, horse laughs, deri- sive shrieks, abyssmal groans and the utmost varfety of instrumental ca- cophony—whistles, cowbells, rattles and the like. Ludendorff was the target of spe- cial amenities. Conspicuous amid the tumulit and the shouting was Frau- lein Iuth Fischer, the Communist generalissima, and'a new Communist champion, a huge longshoreman from Hamburg, who, clad in a swéater and smoking a pipe, invited Ludendorf et cetera to come vn and have their noses punched. On May 26 the Marx cabinet re- signed, but Marx has been commis- sioned to form a new cabinet. He has now relinquished hope of Nation- alist participation, the Nationalists refusing (what the other middle parties Insist on) to pledge support of the Dawes plan, and insisting on Nationallst domination of the cabi- net, with von Tirpitz for chancellor. It is probable that the new cabinet will consist of representatives of the Democratic, Centrist, Peoples and Bavarian Peoples parties; that the Socialists will not participate, but will pledge whole-hearted support of the Dawes plan. Such a government would have a working majority in the Reichstag, but not the two-thirds required for certain legislation called for by the Dawes plan. The conference of ambassadors has sent a note to Berlin, which reads like an ultimatum, demanding that the German_government assent to facili- tate a thorough allied inspection to de- termine the extent to which Germany has or has not complied with the dis- armament clauses of the Versailles treaty. For a variety of reasons there has been no allied military inspection of consequence in Germany since Jan- uary, 1923. There Is fear that this note —which, unlike some other notes on the same subject, is heartily backed by the British—will harden German Na- tionalist opposition to the Dawes plan. On the eve of relinquishing office, Premier Poincare solemnly asserts that German military preparations in violation of the Versailles treaty are monstrously increasing and that cor- rective action threatened by the al- lies is the very first necessity of the hour. * ok K K Italy.—The new Parliament, with its everwhelming Fascisti majority in president of the United States Civil Service Commission, as heretofore stated, and occuples the state office in the neat six-stery building on F street which has been given over to the com- mission. He is sold on his job or, more properly, on the importance of civil service. More than half a million men and women are required to carry on the government's business, outside of the armed forces. Each year a quarter of a million people apply for jobs and the commission certifies applicants to fill the annual 50,000 vacancles. During its life 5,000,000 applicants have come before it. There are 3,500 local boards before which applicants may go for examination. The idea is to discover fitness rather than scholastic knowledge. Still, the man who thought that bazaar is the fem- inine of czar probably got the gate, as @id the lady who hold that the plural of solo is duet. One man re- plied that: “The flappers of the country are its flora.” Regarding Incompetents. But he may have passcd the exam- ination at that. A sense of humor is not wholly detrimental. His ex- perience has convinced Mr. Deming that the civil service examinations procure for the government service the ‘best possible material. Political pressure, he says, has never been brought to bear on the commission in any way. He resents the often expressed theory that the commission holds incompetents in jobs. “As a matter of fact,” said he, “the retention of an undesirable employe is. wholly up to his superior officer. Every clerk who loafs can be and should be fired.” It has been charged that the Civil Service Commission is desirous of setting up a sort of supergovern- mewt, through which it could assert authority over the personnel of the various departments by compelling their retentlon in office or their pro- motion against the will of their su- periors, Yothing could be farther from the truth,” said the president. Thinks Ave He believes that the average gov- crnment employe is underpaid, on the basis of modern costs, but has not committed himself to the precise rate of increase which is advisable Contrary to the assertions of he belicves that in the ma tions go to the right persons in the government service. It is, he think fine preparation for the compe tion of private business iife, but he suspects that many of those who re- main too long are unfitted for the struggle outside. On the whole he praises the industry of the govern- ment clerk, although admitting there are exceptions to this rule of toil. ke Employe Underpald, “We are especially proud of our research department,” said Mr. Dem- ing. “Our aim is to keep abroast of the requirements of business life in fixing the terms for admission to the government service. To pass tl civil service examination now real meaning.” But if he had not fallen in love with that fine old, hitching-post-sur- rounded, tree-shaded square in War- ren, Ohio, he might never have heard of the United States Civil Service Com- mission. has Mussolini afinounces in his way that the parliamentary system in Italy about to have a crucial test under conditions most favorable it. 1f the new chamber “comes across,” very well. If not, some other system will have to be substituted. Pope Pius has issued a bulletin pro- claiming 1925 a holy year of jubilee —the twenty-second jubilee of the Roman Catholic Church. The first jubllee was proclaimed by Boniface VIII, fn 1300, the idea, of course, he- ing ‘adopted from the anclent He- brews. pleasant is to 'EE TUnited States of America.—The tax revision bill, as reported from con- terence, was passed by the Senate m May 24, sixty to six. and by the House on May 26. 374 to 9. It 4ppears from a new official calcula- tion that the budget estimate of the 1925 surplus was too low by about $250,000,000, a fact which consider- ably alters to the good the appearance of the bill On May 26 the President signed the immigration bill. He afterwards fs- sued a statement expressing regret at the impossibility of severing from the bill the exclusion provision af- fecting the Japanese. Discussion of the important Butler Navy bill (quite distinct from the naval appropriation bill), which has passed the House, must be postponed. ® ok ok % Mixscellancous.—Mr. Morgenthau, head of the commission, which under the auspices of the league of nations, is trying to establish about a mil- lion Greek refugees from Turkey on land set apart for them by the Greek government, declares himself firmly convinced of the stability of the new Greek republic. Whether or no per- manent, there is, says he, a cessation of partisan strife which has been thc plague of Greece since the beginning of the war of independence in 1821 The Bessarabian question continues obscure, but the state of mind of the Rumanian government sufficiently appears from the fact that it has called out ten military classes for maneuvers in Bessarabia. A terrible explosion occurred re- cently in the arsenal at Bucharest: not an accident, say the Rumanians. The annual convention of the Com- munist party of Russia is in process. The mossbacks, the hardshells, the Catos, the intransigents, are in con- trol. Those distinguished critics Within the fold, Trotsky and Radek, who have dared to champion extbn. sion of the nep rather than curtail- ment thereof, have been severely tak- en to task. Radek, it would seem, has been disciplined, but Trotsky gets off with nothing worse than a repri- mand. It is reported that the necessary funds will soon be available for real- izing the scheme of harnessing the waters of the River Jordan to pro- Vide, light, power and heat to Pales- ne. The Japanese government has ca- bled a protest against the Japanese exclusion provision of the new United States immigration 4ct. Mr. Hani- hara, the Japanese ambassador at Washington, is to return to Japan, ostensibly for conference with his government. It is, however, pre- sumed that he wijll not resume thy onie — now | U. S. TREE FAMINE FEARED Woods Laid Low With Little Attempt at Reforestation. BY HAROLD K. PHILIPS, HERE was gathered at Get- tysburg during the past week n earnest group of men and women who traveled to the historic little Pennsylvania city from every part of the United States to discuss measures for averting a crisis that is stealthily coming upon the nation without the average citizen gleaning even the slightest suspicion of its omnipresence. It was the fourth national conference on state parks, and the outstanding note that dominated each of the ses- sions that were held morning, noon and night for three days was the pressing need for averting the ever- increasing danger of a tree famine. From everywherg delegates brought the same message of commercial de- forestation without any visible effort of replacement. To the average, casual observer, the idew of a tree famine in the United States appears, perchance, too ridicu- lous for words. Trees scem to abound everywhere. Even within a mile or two of the National Capital itself nature seems to have supplied man with far more than he might need, | and when the dense forests of moun- tain ranges within a short automc Dile ride of Washington are consid- ered, the thought of a tree shortage apparently becomes little short of madness. Approaching Famine. But the fact remains, if one may believe men and women who have devoted their lives to a study of the situation, that the United States, with all of its sparsley built areas| and its empire of natural domain, is rapidly approaching the crisis of & tree famine. Forests capable of sup- plying the commercial needs Or wood—lumber and timber—are rap- idly being stripped by the trees' two worst enemies—the axe and the fire demon. . If there are two things that state and national parks can and will do for the citizens of America they are —preserve the forests from wanton and unnecessary destruction, and provide the tired men and women of the nation a place where they may find real recrcation, a playground in which nature will give back to them the vigorous health and peace that the swirling business world has tak- en from them. to further this idea, to bring their needs more and more to the at- tention of state and national authori- fourth national conferenc parks convened for a thr within the sacred pre- one of th nation’s most hallowed national parks—the battle- {fleld of Geitysburg. In many ways it | | was one of the strangest. one of the | most_impressive conferences that bas | ever been held There were no rich organi ions to pay the expenses of the delegates to the conference, no powerful corpo- rations ready to lend their influence. Only about 300 men and women who reniized the meed of thelr mission, €ach paid his or her own expen: . gave of their time freely and {then contributed as much money as they could toward a fund for the financing of a similar conference, at a place to be named later, next year. Purposes Set Fort Judge Joln Barton Payne was the chairman of the conference, and by unanimous vote he will again have charge of the meeting next year. | Judge Payne summed up the reason for calling the conference in a few words on the opening day, when he declared it to be a convention of friends of the state parks, convened to enable them to exchange views, take new ideas home from each other and keep alive the ever-growing de- mand for state and national reser- vations for the use of the people and the protection of posterity. The idea of such a conference orig- inated somewhat more than four| vears ago, although the Gettysburs | meeting was only the fourth The first was held at Turkey Run, Ind.;| the second at Bear Mountain. in the | midst of Interstate Park. and the | | one previous to_Gettysburgz at Des Moines, Towa. The middle west is| making a strong bid for the next| one and it_seems likely to win out, | although Waushington has appealed to the conference to visit the great northwest next spring in order to help that state's campaign for a state park bond issue, which will then be in full swing At the present time just twenty- six states have ope or more state parks. There were at the Gettysburg conference representatives from every State in the Uniou—the first time since the conference hegan that the whole nation has manifested an in- terest in the problem. The battle ery of the conference leaders is: “A state park in every state” And if interest manifested by dele- es at the Jast conference may be epted as a ingzer, that ideal will be achieved within a few years. Purposes of Parks. Although the functions of state and national parks are more or less cor- related, each has a different origin. National parks have the special func- tion of representing some site of outstanding historic value to the whole nation, are representative of the natural development of a whole section or are set aside because of the marvelous scenic beauties that are to be found in their confines State parks serve the purpose of supplementing the national parks There are scores of areas that should be set aside for the use of the citi- zens but can not be taken over by | the National Parks Service because they would simply duplicate features already abundantly represented in exe isting national parks. It is such areas that the states could maintain for the particular benefit of its own citizens, and to this end the national parks service is doing all it can to further the idea of establishing state parks in every commonwealth. Stephen T. Mather, director of the national pari service, gave some idea of the vast amount of territory that is available for state parks when he said that there had been introduced in the first session alone of the pres- ent Congress, twenty bills which would create as many national parks if_they were enacted into law. Most of them, he said. covered areas that were either unsuited for national park purposes or duplicated features already represented in gxisting federal reservations. Appalachian Park. A committee is now selecting, how- ever, a site for a national park in the southern Appalachian Mountains which would be representative of that part of the country and might be available for a national park. In it, he sald, the flora and fauna of that section will be preserved in its natural state. Tt will be the first national park representative of the section, and he held scant hope for the use of the other lands mentioned in_Congress as national park areas. In_ these vast areas, however, speakers declared, there are vast op- portunities for creating state parks that in future years may be the sole means of saving posterity from the danger of the ever-encroaching tree famine. Not only would the people be provided with needed, natural, out- door playgrounds, but they would make ideal sites for the establish- ment of tree nurseries, where trees could be grown to replace those that eX0-bolng-Lalied IGiRk pux- | but poses or destroyed by fire at alarming rate each vear. The last day of the conference the delegates were given an opportunity to see how seriously the state of Pennsylvania regards the tree crisis. After electing their officers and con- cluding the business of the fourth conference, the delegates were taken by automobile to the Mont Alto for- est reservation, containing 25000 acres of native timberland and a nur- sery covering six or seven acres. an State 1o Have Exper: Within the reservation is the Fenr- sylvania State Forestry School, an in- stitution maintained by the common- wealth, where a limited number of young men are given courses in for- estry each vear So that in the years to come Pennsylvania will have a trained corps of experts to protect its forests against devastation either from natural or man-made sources. The nursery is a part of the school. The delegates were first entertained at luncheon in the gymnasium. It was a sight to gladden the heart of the city-bred man or woman. The gymnasium rests in the heart of the mountains, whe ymes roll hun- dreds of fect above the low wonden building, carpeted with nature's lus- urious hlanket of green in its highest state of cultivation—a wall of trees bushes and flowers too thick for the 1o penetrate for more the of baly trees—most were just nursers millions of ‘them white pines beginning to push their pointed cones skyward. Most of the work is done by the students. They plant the seeds and under the car:- ful supervision of instructors heln the sprouting treelet to the point o growth where it is ready to e shipped to some distant point, re- [ planted and there protected from d- struction until, in future years. it will form an important unit of a rich forest. Five Million Trees Shipped. Withi the last month lityle trees have been shipped f the nursery to different parts of ti state where the danger of defor- estration is more acute. Counticss millions are about ready to be shipped now, and throughout the summer the nursery will continue to supply the needs of communities in every part of the stat In ddition, experi- ments are being made to determin whether or not the climate will per- mit the cultivation of valuable im- ported trees. If that phase of the work proves su ssful it will give Pennsylvanla a supply of rare woods it would otherwise have to impc at tremendous prices The Mont Alto forest one of a number P Set aside as protection the crisis that fore tain to descend upon States unless Congress ple are awakened to th mediately But Mont Alto serves other purposes as well Within its densely wooded reas are « and recreation grounds whe tourists by the score stop for or more to refresh themselves, green-clad heights are an ever open invitation to the tired man or woma of the city to renew his health one of nature’s own playgrounds. Also Fights White Plague. Just at the summit of the mountain some 500 feet above the State Fo try S Mont Alto Sanitoriuin rests. There Pennsylvania is fighting the dread white plague with success far beyond the dreams of the medical profession a generation or so bac Men, women and children, strick with_tuberculosis down in the popu- lated lowlands, are winning ba health and hope there in the high lands, where the air is always fresh and pure. The delegates were shown a group of new buildings which have be erected for the use of children who are predisposed to tuberculos by birth. The doctors declare one of the best ways of stamping out the disease is to give proper care to chil- dren born of tubercular parents be- fore the germs have taken hold of their systems and gotten a start that neither medicine nor nature have yet learned to overcom Pennsylvania’s s Alto, the delegates poi true’ example of the things sta parks ave capable of accomplishin everywhere in the United Sta is serving a three-fold purpose in interest of America and all tion: Firet provides the trees muy d ural state without danger of struction by commercial interests. Second, it provides a site for a tres nursery, where trees for section ready shorn of their timber m. cultivated and prepargd for trans- plantation in the deforested areas. Third, it supplles the tired business man nd woman with a natural healthful plavground and the sic and weak with a haven wherein return to strength and usefulness i ired than a place less en th the henefits of nature could promise. It is to encou ment of more such parks, in every tate In the Union, that the state parks conference was formed work toward that end the are meeting every each conference inte ment is becoming more widespread. At the last conference a score of chambers of commerce were repre- sented, and those who fostered the movement declare that they feel con- fident the next few vears will see every commonwealth with its state park similar to the protected area a-top Mont Alto. Botanic Garden Needs Buildings 3.000.0 re has the United nd the peo- danger im- ol Mont at ted out, age the establish- That the United States Botanic Gar- den is run with the smallest appro- priation of any botanic garden in the world, that in its main conservatory it has the very best collection of plants in the United States, but that this conservatory has been closed to the public because it is in a danger- ous condition, was emphasized by George W, Hess iluring hearings by the House appropriations committae. Last year the Botanic Garden left untouched in the United States Treas- ury $162,000, which it had been au- thorized to expend on repairs, but which were not made because experts pointed out that the greenhouse was not worth that expenditure. Legislation now pending the House, for prompt consideration of which'a special rule nas been asked the House committce on public buildings and grounds, would give au thority for the purchase of two blocks of land south of the present Botanic Garden, on which the best conserva- tory in the United States would be built. and which would take care of eleven other greenhouses that are lo- cated on the land which the Fine Arts Commission is desirous of developing into a_ beautiful promenade between the Capitol and the Washington Monument. in Largest Known Fish. Fishermen in the Seychelles Islands, in the Indian Ocean, aré troubled by the whale shark, the largest known fish—sometimes seventy feet: long. —but not because the fish is hostile. He merely tries to rub the barnacles off his back on the catamaran or canoe of the fishermen. The whale shark is beautifully spotted and mot- tled, and strains his food, such as jelly fish and crustacea, u.rmfix a meshivork of “gill rakers” ins! his ihroaty —