Evening Star Newspaper, June 1, 1924, Page 41

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL ARTICLES Part 2—14 Pages DESTINES OF AT STAKE JAPANESE IN BIG ISSUES Settlement of Complex Problems of Hour May Direct All Future Courses. BY E. R. EGGER. Dispatch to The Star and Chicago Daily Copyright, 1924. , OKIO.—The Japanese empire is facing the most critical and complicated period in history since becoming a modern vower, and developments of the com- ing months may have a vital effect upon the future destiny of the nation. ‘The Tokio government is undoubted- ¢ facing more problems today than any other important country. Failure to properly meet these issues means the loss of international prestige rained during and after the world ‘war. Success, however, will mean the strengthening of Japan's position as the leading oriental power and in- suring the necessity of other powers paying greater heed to the Tokio au- thorities hereafter. Undoubtedly enactment of the American immigration exclusion clause dealt a severe blow to Japan's position as a world power, as it re- «duced her international authority and placed the Japanese in the same category as the Chinese and other orientals. This fact is really the basic cause for the deep resentment over the American action, since Ja- pan has diligently sought to main- tain a position of superiority and suc- ceeded in establishing her status as one of the five great powers of the world today. A series of unfortunate develop- ments seems to be working to under- mine the accomplishment of the past and relegate Japan to a position where other powers will cease to re- gard her seriously. The gradual loss of oriental markets following the war and the persistent adverse trade bal- ance marked the start of Japan's eco- nomic relapse and her huge gold re- serves are now steadily shrinking. The September disaster dealt the greatest single blow to Japan, as it greatly reduced her economic, finan- cial and naval prestige. Today the Yen is hovering around 40, whereas before the disaster it was quoted at 48. Her gold reserve continues to shrink and unless halted Japan faces the danger of losing her financial in- dependence and becoming a debtor nation within a few years. While the Navy is undoubtedly rapidly recovering its former strength, the lack of funds makes it impos- sible to keep pace with Great Britain and the United States, hence the sal- ation lies in further reduction of armaments. However, the present international situation makes many doubt the wisdom of this move, es- pecially in view of heavy expendi- ture the powers are making to strengthen their various branches of service. In recent years Japan has assidu ously cultivated the friendship of the leading western powers and has ne- glected her oriental neighbors. As a result relations with China are somewhat vague and insecure, and while there is a possibility of accord with Russia, it is still remote, de- spite the reports of early recognition as an outgrowth of the Peking par- leys. Everything indicates that Ja- pan’s oriental policies of recent years have largely conformed with those of other powers, with Japan relying upon the support and co-operation of the other nations in time of need. Developments since the war proved that the alms of the various powers are increasingly variant and the united front of 1918 has disappeared. Hence Japan is beginning to realize the folly of her internatidnal policy. Enactment of the exclusion meas- ure, while not representing the view of the American administration, proves that governments often follow a course to the contrary of their avowed policies and leaders, hence Japan is wondering about the ad- visability of relying upon past pledges of those considered to be her international friends and is begin- ning to believe in the wisdom of playing her own game. Undoubtedly Tokio could easily clitivate alliances with other na- tions, notably China, Germany and Russia, should the diplomats change their tactics. Moreover there is in- creasing evidence that France Is willing to cultivate a direct accord in view of large oriental interests. While Japan persistently denies rumors of such alliances various things are tending to force such action, notably the immigration issue and the persistent suspicion with which certain British and American circles regard the sincerity of Tokio. The belief still persists here that the Washington conference worked to the advantage of America and Britain and to the disadvantage of Japan, some even suspecting a deliberate effort to restrict Japan's growing in- fluence. Whatever the cost, Japan is determined to maintain the su- premacy of the orient even should the alienation of her accord with Wwestern powers become necessary. Lack of resources makes it im- possible for Japan to stand alone. hence unless Tokio receives greater consideration from those with whom she is now alinged, Japan will eventually turn to other sources for her international strength in order to insure maintainance of her present waning prestige as a world power. Japan today is in no position to assert her rights through force of arms. However, her virile national spirit is certain to nourish the de- termination to retain the position al- ready gained. U. S. Is Wasting Millions In Housing Its Offices UST now members of Congress are in a hurry to get home to patch up their own political fences. But when they resume wark, next December, it is going to Dbe spectal order of business for’ them ‘to take care of Uncle Sam’s building program. It is more than eleven years since a public building bill has been con- sidered by Congress. That measure approved by the President on March 4, 1913, carried authorizations agsre- rating approximately $40,000,000. A report by the supervising architect of the Treasury made in 1918 shows in the neighborhood of 100 buildings ‘amthorized by that act which have ‘net yet been built owing to the fact that the limit of cost fixed in that bill was not enough to build the kind lofl stroctures then contemplated. So ithat about $13,000,000 then authorized ‘remained unexpended due to the ad- vanee in the cost of labor and ma- terials. In addition to that, as has recent- )y been emphasized by the chairman of the committee on publi buildings and grounds, the postal business throughout the country has more than doubled in the last eleven years. $250,000,000 Called For. There are now 920 bills calling for appropriations totaling some $250,- 000,000 awafting action by the pub- Jic buildings and grounds committee. This Includes $50,000,000, covering a ten-year period, urged by President Coolldge for housing government ac- tivities in government-owned build- ings in the National Capital. This in- cludes as of most urgent need an archives building for proper preser- vation of priceless government records that could mot be replaced and which are now stored in fire- trap buildings; for a large office building for the Department of Agri- culture, which now occupies more than twehty-five rented buildings, widely separated; for a special build- ing for the controler general. It also includes $14,750,000 for the new Arlington Memorial bridge be- tween the Lincolin Memorial and Ar- lington natiomal cemetery, linking the north and the south, and which is designed to be the gateway to a memorial boulevard to Washington's home at Mount Vernon in a class with the Appian Way and Westminster Abbes. Mugert Work, then Postrhas- ter General, and Andrew W:. Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury, in a joint Jetter to Congress on December 11, 1922, emphasized that as a result of an investigation to ascertain the most urgent cases (whick survey of government-owned buildings in com- suunities which - have doubled or trebled in population since the last public building bill was enacted oc- cupied an entire year) found that 140 buildings were desirable. Subsequently, the Postmaster Gen- eral and Secretary of the Treasury, on February 8, 1923, submitted a list of nineteen cities “where the govern- ment-owned buildings are inadeguate to house the federal service,” and submitted estimates aggregating ap- proximately $48,000,000. The Postmaster on Dej cember 18, 1 in a letter to Sena- tor Townsend, chairman of the joint commission on postal service, called attention to the evil of the leasing policy, which has been growing in a startling way during the last few vears. There are now 5,846 post of- fice buildings, under lease, while the government owns only 1,132. Many of the government-owned buildings have been outgrown. The aggregate an- nual rental for leased quarters is ap- proximately $13,000,000. Financial Advantages. The chairman of the House commit- tee on public bulldings and grounds figured out that at the prevalling rate of interest at which the govern- ment could borrow money, at least $500,000,000 could be expended in the construction of needed public build- ings with the working capital of $13,- 000,000 now spent for rent, and still a net saving could be had, to say nothing of the added advantage of having substantial, roomy, sanitary and fireproof buildings for housing government activities. In their joint letter on the subject, the Postmaster General and Secretary of the Treasury have advised Con- Rress that “because of the failure of the government to keep pace with its building needs in the larger cities, the Post Office Department has been forced, in a number of instances, to enter into agreements for leased quarters in buildings to be specially constructed for the purpose. The rent paid in such cases is frequently at a-rate to absorb the original costs during the term of the lease, leaving the government, at the expiration of the leases, with no equity in the bufldings. Great Need Is Realixed. Administration 1leaders, President Coolidge, the bureau,of the budget, chairmen of the Senate and House appropriations committees, the chair- men of the Senate and House public buildings committees, all realize the urgent need for the earliest possible action in providing adequate and sanitary quarters for carrying on the postal service, which is the closest touch that the people of the country have with their governments General, - EDITORIAL SECTION The Sundiy St WASHINGTON, D. C., SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 1, 1924 France Might Cut Army, If U. S. Cuts Debt, Says Herriot, Who Soon Will Be Premier By DREW PEARSON. YONS, France.—France might welcome an American proposal for the reduction of French military forces, accompanied by a partial cancellation of her debt to the United States. This statement, coming from Ed- ouard Herriot, today the most power- ful politiclan in France, tomorrow perhaps prime minister, is indicative of the policy his new liberal govern- ment may take. Edouard Herriot in one month hu become the Ramsay MacDonald of France. Like MacDonald, he is a moderate socialist, began life as a school teacher, and is a product not| of the capital of his country, but of the inland city of Lyons. Finally, he is a great admirer of MacDonald, and Is known to be in agreement with him on the Dawes plan and the Ruhr occupation. That two nations, within four months, should have elected two men and two parties with similar ideals and sympathies augurs closer co-operation between the two allies. Herriot made Lyons, and Lyons made Herriot. At twenty-seven he came there to teach high school rhet- oric, as he now relates it, “with fifty francs in my pocket and a hat worse than the one I'm wearing now.” Lyons recognized real ability, and at thirty-three made him mayor. Today, after eighteen consecutive years, he is still mayor of Lyons and still a school teacher—though now his sub- ject is philosophy. Incidentally, he has also served as member of two cabinets, the French Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, has written several hgilliant books and is a poet of rare charm. Made Lyens Great. Herriot made Lyons by inaugurat- ing the Lyons industrial fairs, now famous throughout Europe. He has taken trips to Russia and the United States tb bring business to his city. He offered such inducements to the Olympic games committee that had not the Chamber of Deputies come to the rescue of Paris with a 10,000,000~ franc subsidy Lyons might be enjoy- ing the Olympics today. Perhaps because he was at early age an orphan, Herrlot is a great friend of the poor and an untiring so- clal reformer; believing that France's major problem is an increase in birth rate, he has established baby nur- series and free restaurants for moth- ers. He has inaugurated a sunlight and fresh-air campaign against eu- berculosis, pointing out that in the “nincteenth century war took the lives of 2,000,000 Frenchmen: white plague took 10,000,000." Under the administeggion of this business poli- tician-philosopher, Lyons has become the second largest city in France and the greatest silk center of Europe. Herriot has been called a “fat, good- natured and. foaming radical” and though he is a member of the so- NEW BROOD EDOUARD HERRIOTT, The man of the hour in French politics, is a French statesman who not only knows America well, but who has frequently expressed warm sympathy with American ideals and the American viewpoint in international affairs. M. Herriot indicates in the accompanying interview that, as far as power rests with him, he will abandon the policy of M. Poincare, which has probably served more than anything else to breed suspicion and fear in Europe—the policy of mhury loans and co-operation wish the new states of eastern Europe. The rise of M. Herriot 1o power regarded, both in and out of France, as a very decided defeat to the French militarists and an important step toward the pacification of Europe. called radical Socialists, he was put In power by the middle-class mer- chant and peasant, who opposes mon- archism and communism, and wants more government by the people and less by the church and big business. Herriot proved his political fear- lessness by visiting Russia in 1 OF ISSUES HATCHED IN EUROPE Allies Disarmament Demand on Ger- many Timely—Poincare Looks Again to Place in Sun. BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. IME, the hatchery of new European political problems, bas released a new brood of issues to dumbfound already grievously perplexed statesmen. Ugly ducklings there are in plenty and all panaceas for their ungainliness have failed. They remain as ugly as ever. However, since the election of a so- cialist regime in France, more in atune with the MacDonald regime of England, there still is some hope of eradicating evil conditions. But with all the old problems new ones arise daily and that is the dangerous thing in procrastinating when settlements should be reached. It is the weari- ness of European peoples, because of this procrastination, that eventually will force settlement. The latest little move to distract peoples and statesmen generally is the unexpected and sudden demand of the council of ambassadors that Germany, within thirty days, consent to an inspection of Germany’s fulfill- ment of the disarmament provisions of the treaty of Versailles. During the early part of the year the allies made the demand. Germany coun- tered with the statement that the disarmament question should go to the league of nations. Now the allies say that there should be mno such movement and that they retain the right to compel obedience to the disarmament provisions. The ambas- sadors declare that Italy, Belgium, France and England are a unit in this -demand and that the leaders of all nations intend to see that Ger- many gives heed. Demand is a Warning. The allies are well within their rights and in view of the sitnation in Germany are wise to let the Ger- mans know that they will not tale- rate, using an American vulgarism, “any monkey business.” The demands of the ambassadors® ecouncil comes st an opportune mo- ment in one respect. It serves notice on the Germans that they had better watch their step in the formation of their new government, perilously near complete nationalistic control, one which would be tantamount to announcement of resistance to allied decrees. The council of ambassadors evidently decided that it would be better to help shape the governmental destinles of Germany in thelr formu- lative state rather than attempt to deal with a Natiomalistic regime or possible Nationalistic dictatorship. Un- doubtedly in the formation of a new government in Berlin the allies’ de- mand will have great weight though it wil lead to Nationalistic outbreak to fortify the monarchial cause among that element of German life insistent on the thesis that the allies should be defied to the bitter end. It the Nationalists have builded up a gigantic military machine it would be detected under allied inspectfon pro- posed, and if Germany did not capit- ulate and reduce her organized forces to within the bounds of the treaty of Versailles there would be a reckoning. Situatfon in Germany. The political situation in Germany at the moment is exceedingly difficalt to summarize. The Nationalists by virtue of their demand that they re- cetve the chief posts in the cabinet cansed the resignation of Chancellor Marx’s cabinet early last week. President Ebert immediately asked the chancellor to form & new gov- ernmont. Then began a series of con- ferences between the Nationalists and so-called middle parties of the Reichstag. Chancellor Marx and Forelgn Minister Stresemann hoped to commit the Nationalists to accept- ance of the Dawes reparation plan and head off complete Nationalist domination of the government. At first it appeared that the new gov- ernment would be composed solely of the bourgeoise parties, but only Friday the Nationalists confessed that they at heart still opposed the Dawes plan and resistance to cer- tain of the allied demands and would demand prolonged negotiations in the settlement of allied-German prob- lems. Palpably Chancellor Marx was forced to start negotiations for a government composed of the Peoples, Center and Democratic parties. At the moment of writing he his not sucoseded. Inasmuch as the Nation- alists still dominate the situation from .the standpoint of numerical ‘way the political tides will flow once the Reichstag meets and Chancellor Marx presents a government. New Election Forescen. Already Berlin is discussing a new Reichstag election to give one party or group of parties more preponder- (Continued on Third Page.) in the teeth of bitter eritieism. He came back an enthusiastic advocate of closer co-operation between the Russian and French people in place of the old Franco-Russian alliance. .| drdsses outside the berth, but rather skeptical about the real value of Communism and the Soviet government. It is recognized, how- ever, that one of the first steps of the new French government will be the recognition of Russia. Last fall Herriot came to the United States and crammed his diary full of notes on President Coolidge, Sam Gompers, the Chicago stock yards, downtown New York, prohibition, the sleeping car and the Americans in general. One statement credited to the French deputy during his visit certainly could not have reached his constituents at home or they should never have re-elected him. While in a Philadelphia restaurart drinking the American national beverage he was heard to remark: “I can't help but belleve that if our people in France were sitting about drinking ice water they would be better off than they are.” Sleeping Car Experience. Herriot's first experience in an American sleeper was one which his friends, at least, will not forget. Having been accustomed to the Euro- pean sleeping compartment, similar to our drawing room, where one Herriot in- sisted upon srobing in the aisle, much to the chagrin of the porter, who tried to hold the curtains around the amply proportioned French deputy until he was finally arrayed for bed. 1f Herriot becomes premier he will be able to fall back on his previous experience as minister of food sup- plies and transportation during the crucial year of 1917 and as minister of the newly created department of national sustenance labor under Bri- and. M. Herriot is a man of prodigous frame and one can quite understand why he did not want to wriggle out of his clothes in a lower berth. His face is of similar proportion—heavy, strong and frank. His iron-gray hair stands straight up in a stubborn sort of way that may have some relation to the perseverance with which M. Herriot champions his principles on | the floor of the chamber. Would End Ruhr Mena. My interview took place in acrowd- ed anteroom of the chamber, where M. Herriot was not only one of the busiest men present, but on this oc- casion extremely reticent. He pre- ferred not to discuss the Ruhr, but made the statement that the “advent to power of the new government meant a quick solution of the trou- ble” After considerable conversational sparring, during which M. Herriot declined to discuss almost everything that was interesting, I struck the one subject upon which any and every Wrehchman will always talk-—repara- tions. “What,” 1 asked, “will with reparations money The devas- tated area has been rebuilt What further need is there of reparations?” “Most of the_houses necessary to (Continued on Third Page. France do LEAGUE MAY GAIN FORCE BY FALL OF POINCARE Must Be Considered in Closer Co-Oper- ation Between England and France. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. HE recent French election, with its overturn of Poincare, has not only had immeliately considerable political conse- quences in international relations but is bound to have important and even decisive results so far as the league of nations is concerned. When Ramsay MacDonald became prime minister of Britain there was general appreciation of the fact that his for- eign policy would revolve around the idea of giving to the league of na- tions something of the position and influence Mr. Wilson had dreamed for it ‘While Poincare was premier, how- ever, there was small chance that this MacDonald purpose could be fally realizéd. It is true that after his overturn in the French chamber last April, Poincare formed a new cabinet in which at least two members were believed to be named because of thelr British views. These two men ‘were Loucheur and Jouvenel. Lou- cheur was a strong believer in Anglo-Freach co-operation, Jouvenel was perhaps the most conspicuous French champion of the league of nations. It was falr to assume, then, that even had Poincare lasted, France ‘would have shared in bestowing upon the league at least a modest fraction of the power MacDonald desired for it. Yet it is probably beyond ques- tion that in his heart Poincare be- lieved as little in the league as a very large number of his fellow countrymen. The key to Poincare is to be found in the fact that he comes from Lorraine, that within his own memory his countryside has twice been occupied by the Germans and that his family memories go back to at least two other invasions, those of 1814 and 1815. As He Saw Pretootien. For Poincare the -real - protaction for France 4id not lie in any Jeague covenant, rather it was to be found in a series of alliances. That he would have preferred the British al- liance to all others, goes without saying, but he insisted that any Anglo-French compact should be ‘in fact an alliance, what it is now fash- jonable to call an old-fashioned alli- ance in which each nation pledged its armed strength to the other in case of war, such an alliance as bound France to Russia and Austria to Germany in 1914 And this alli- ance Britsin steadfasily declined te makea Under the circumstances, Poincare was driven to make such compacts as he could, and there was built up that series of alliances which bind France to Poland, to Belgium, to Czechoslovakia, and are at least planned to unite France and Ru- mania and perhaps Jugoslavia. All of these alliances have the common foundation of a desire to preserve the territorial status created by the peace treaties and in the case of a number a common menace coming from Germany. This system of alliance was bitter- 1y criticised in Britain, where it was garded, on the one hand; as certain to bring new wars and, on the other, as a direct menace to British prestige and influence on the continent. It was not more popular in Italy, which felt herself become a world ‘power but nevertheless condemned to ses France occupy a dominating position on the continent. As for Germany, it was passionately denounced in Berlin as a French method of fasten- ing chains upon the German people. ‘When Deciine Began. Polncare's real decline began, one may calculate, at the precise moment when he failed to turn German sur- render to advantage. France had seen the Ruhr occupation as a sher- iff's operation, but when the sheriff had seized thie.property, having over- come the iTesistance, then in some fashion actual. paymient continued to be lacking. ‘Moreover, France began to feel uneasy at the unmistakable severity of the criticism ‘of the out- side world and particularly at the sharpness of British and even some American accusations. France, the mass of Frenchmen, desired reparations payments. They also desired security with even greater earnestness, but most sensi- ble Frenchmen had come to realize that the France of the twentieth century was no longer in the position to play the role of the France of other centuries, that the role was at once too great and too expensive, that it could mean only a brief pe- riod of European supremacy at most and then a long and perhaps final stage of weakness, $ In that mood the French people finally overthréw Poincare. They had followed him in his occupation of the Ruhr. ‘But, perhaps a little illogi- cally, they were not prepared to fc:- low him in a policy which without later rewafds seemed certain to alien- ate most of Europe and particularly Britain and America. So, far the time being, at least, France has renounced the Poimcare mtm. '\hl in its ity Suitable BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. HE selection of a running mate for Calvin Coolidge on the Republican ticket is giving the party leaders some con- cern. The nomination of a vice pres- idential candidate and the adoption of a platform are about all that the Republican national convention which assembles in Clevaland Jume 10 will have to do, outside of putting its formal seal of approval on the nomi- nation of President Coolidge as the standard bearer, A “who's who" for the Republican nomination for Vice President, if ‘written today, must contain a large number of names—almost as large, for example, as a list of the candi- dates for the Democratic nomination for President. It is reasonable to sup- pose, however, that Mr. Coolidge will have quite a bit to do with the selec- tion, finally, of the man who is to be on the Republican ticket with him, and before the voting in the conven- tion takes place the party leaders will be fully informed. Men Mont Suggested. The names that are heard most fre- quently today, most persistently, in connection with the Republican vice presidential nomination are those of Senator Borah of Idaho, former Gov. Lowden of Illinois and Secretary Hoo- ver of the Department of Commerce, who hails from California. All are from the west or middle west. For if there is anything today certain about the nomination for Vice Presi- dent by the Republicans, it is that no easterner will be seriously consid- ered. With a New England man as the nominee for President, it is felt that the ticket must be geographical- ly balanced by picking a man from {the west. So strongly is this felt that no man from the eastern states has even been mentioned for the place. Furthermore, this man from the west must be popular with the ‘western farmers, must make some appeal to the progressive element of the west, if possible. That progressive element must be reckoned with seriously if the Republicans are to bring home the bacon next November. Not unnatur- ally the more conservative element in the Republican party would be will- ing to see picked a man whose pro- gressiveness is not more than skin deep, however. Semator Bornh Favored. But to get back to the threc most prominently mentioned men for the vice presidential nomination. It is no secret that Republicans close to the President weuld be delighted to see Senator Borah nominated. He would be, n fact, a STeat asset to the ticket. As a com- paigner, as a national character, as a progressive, Senator Borah evould fit in just the right place. But Senator Borah, while he will support the candidacy of President Coolidge for re-election, has not been in sympathy with much that the administration has favored. The, Idaho senator has been particularly a critic of the foreign policy. As Vice President, it is felt in some quarters that he would be of the administration | but not in harmony with it. His voice, which as senator has been potent on public questions, would be hushed as Vice President. In other words, the question arises as to whether Senator Borah cannot perform a greater public service by remaining senator. While Senator Borah himself has said nothing for publication as to whether he would or would not accept the nomi- nation, his friends are emphatic in say- {ing that he would not consider it. There is a strong group of Republi- cans who would like to see former Gov. Frank Lowden of Tlinois on the ticket with Mr. Coolidge. Gov. Lowden was at one time a member of the House; later he was Governor of Illinois, and his administration was highly regarded. At the Republican national convention four years ago, he was one of the fore- most contenders for the nomination for President. More recently still he had been head of the National Wheat Coun- cil, an organization which is working to build up co-operative organizations through which the farmers may market their wheat to best advantage, but through private organizations instead of government. He has himself been interested in farming on a large scale for many years. Reports here are that he is growing in favor with the farmers of the middle west. But whether he has a sufficient progressive tinge to meet the requirements for the nomination is another matter. Doubt of Acceptance. Falling to nominate Gov. Lowden, many of the Republicans would wel- come the nomination of Herbert Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, who also was a candidate for the Repub- lican nomination for President in 1920, who had a host of friends throughout the country but who had no delegates to speak on the floor of the convention. Some question is raised as to whether either Gov. Low- den or Secretary Hoover would ac- cept the nomination. But, on the other hand, there is a strong feeling that the man who oocupies the vice presidential chair, if the Republican ticket is sucoessful and the resulting administration proves acceptable, will be in a strategic position when it comes to nominating a successor of President Coolidge. Others who have been suggested as vice presidential timber include Sen- ator Watson of Indiana, who was in- dorsed by the Republican state con- vention of Indiana, though it is ru- mored this was done to kill off the aspiration of former Senator Albert J." Beveridge; Charles (“Hell and Maria”) Dawes of Hlinols, Repre- sentative L. J. Dickinson of Iows, Gov. Hyde of Mimouri, Judge Willlam Kenyon of Iowa, Gov. Joseph M. Dl:nn of Montana and Senator Capper, VICE PRESIDENTIAL POST NOW WORRIES POLITICIANS BotH Republicans and Democrats Are Casfing Eyes About for Timber. of Kansas Mr. Dawes most recent success was won as a member of the commuesion of experts on the German reparation question. He is a banker, however, and, although a popular member of the American Legion, thers is some doubt a8 to whether the farmers of the west would fell that he was the right man for the ticket Head of Farm Bloe. Representative Dickinson has been active in support of farm relief leg- islation. In the last Congress he was head of the farm bloc in the House and this year has been in charge of the so-called McNary-Haugen bill in the House. He has been Indorsed by his Republican state convention, Gov. Dixon of Montana is an old Bull Mooser. He is a strong-progressive and 4 former senator. Judge Kenyon, who also was formerly a member of the Sen- ate, would be very acceptable to the progressive element of the party. But whether he would leave the bench is another matter. He declined to do so to become Secretary of the Navy when that portfolio was tendered him by President Coolidge after Secretary Den- by's resignation. Still others whose names have been talked of are Senator McNary of Oregon, that state which started the stampede for Coolidge for Vice President at the last national convention, co-author of the McNary-Haugen bill, and Senator Shortridge of California. Democrats Also at Sea. The Democrats have been so active in the hunt for the right man to nominate for President that the vice presidential nomination has scarcely risen yet as problem requiring solution. Neverthe- less, & number of combinations for the Democratic ticket have been mentioned, one of which is Senator Ralston of 'lh- diana and Senator Copeland of N York. Their names have been used mor: or less interchangeably for President and for Vice President. Until the Demo- crats decide whether their nominee is to be from the north, the west or the south it is almost impossible to fix on vice presidential nominee, for here again the geographical necessities of a national ticket must be reckoned with. A poll at Harvard University recently resulted in a preference for Senator Glass of Virginia as the Democratic presidential nominee and Senator Walsh of Montana of Teapot Dome fame as nominee for Vice President. Former Senator Saulsbury of Delaware has been indorsed in Delaware for the vice-presidential nominee, and still others who have been mentioned in- clude Gov. Davis of Kansas, Gov. Sweet of Colorado (who has also been put forward as a presidential possi- bility); Gov. Bryan of Nebraska (sug- gested particularly as a running mate for John W. Davis of West Virginia, should he be named for President); Mayor Dever of Chicago; Senator Wheeler of Montana, who would have the support of many of the progres- sives in the Democratic Party; Sena- tor Gerry of Rhode Island, democratic whip of the Senate, and former Sena- tor Phelan of California. Gov. Al Smith of New York, who will go into the convention with considerable number of delegates de- manding his nomination for Presi- dent, is being suggested also as the vice presidential nominee, with Mc- Adoo at the head of the ticket, or some of the others now proposed for President. From Missouri comes the word that former Gov. Frederick D. Gardner is being talked of as a running mate for John W. Davis, Care in Selection Needed. The selection of vice presidential nominees too often in the past has been hastily and inconsiderately ac- complished. Certainly, however, in the Republican national convention this year the selection will be given a great deal of prominence. Further- more, the demand for an outstanding man on the party tickets of both great parties as vice presidentiai nominee is growing stronger stronger. President Harding ecstablished &« precedent which is likely to be fol- lowed—he invited Jr. Coolidge while he was Vice President to attend the sessions of the cabinet and to give his advice and state the position of Congress with regard to the ques- tions coming before the administra- tion for discussion. There is no good reason why a Vice President should not be a real power in an administration, though for so many years the Vice President was considered a kind of fifth wheel in the governmental machinery. The possibility that Senator La Fol- lette of Wisconsin, running next fall as an independent candidate for Pres- ident, may obtain sufficient electoral votes ‘to prevert ecither President Coolidge or the Democratic nomines having a majority in the electoral college and thereby throw the elec- tion into the House of Representa- tives adds to the importance of se- lecting strong men for the vice presi- dential nomination. If the House should itself be unablé to elect a Preaident, then the Vice President, chosen under the Constitution in such an event from the two men recelving the highest number of electcral votes for that office, would act as Presi- dent. and An engineering student of Kug- land, struck by the rapid flow of the river Thames ar Oxford during & period of high water, measured the flow and found it to be 3,000,000 gal- lons per minute. It cannot be said that this quantity reached the sea each minute, because a very large volume of water Is taken from the river at a place below the polnt measured for the water supply of London.