Evening Star Newspaper, May 25, 1924, Page 31

EVERYDAY RELIGION By RT. REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. ULTIMATE VICTORY. HEY came unto the place Wwhich is called Calvary.” Seeming defeat, ultimate victory. This is pre-eminent- Iv 4gue ;0f Christ on Calvary. His cremiesithought they had made an end ot ¥itm, fhiey really contributed to the ighest, secomplishment of His avowed yirpose. sBow strong the words: “I, if T 1A, will draw all men unto me." What 'seemingly He could not do in life tie accomplished on His cross. Nothing 4 more remarkable in all history than ilie compelling power that proceeds from hrist on Calvary. A critical student of listony; declares that the effect of this single incident has been one of the nightlést factors in the development of ur present civilization. A great Ger- 1an scholar in commenting on it said, He lifted the gates of empire from ihelr hinges and turned the stream of centuries from its course.' * %k k¥ . The place called Calvary has literally marked the beginning of a newer and Targer conception of life. Says some one, “The cross is the plus sign in our minus lives” There are many lessons which Calvary and its uplifted Savior sug- zests; self-abuegation, sacrifice, incom- parable love, all these are there, but does it not teach us another welghty les- son that bears immediately upon our lives? Does it not throw some light upon problems otherwise obscure and insolu- le? Nothing is harder to bear than nisunderstanding_in the prosecution of i great cause. When this misunder- standing and misinterpretation of m ves proceed from those for whom we abor and sacrifice they are still harder o bear. And yet it is demonstrably true that the sure progress of the world has been effected through those who dared to hold to their course in the face of bitter criticism and stern condemna- tion. A great principle or a noble cause is worth more than any individual life. 1f dying for it means more than living for it, If it can gain a hearing only 1hrough supreme sacrifice, then no price ' too great to give it advantage. Cow- ardice makes no converts, heroism is the inighty magnet that draws all men to ts persuasive argument. That is what ‘alvary pre-eminently teaches. The avior on the cross has caught the islon and won the devotion of men liv- ing, its great spectacle has compelled the reverent praise and given sublime comfort to men dying. * % ok ok Before the wayside shrines on the open highways of France the soldiers vaused to catch inspiration and en- couragement as they hurried on to an uncertain and shadowy future. Calvary does not mean defeat, it does not suggest failure, it registers the highest fulfillment. The French sol- dier boy, but nineteen, who from a vermin-infected trench wrote home to his mother telling her that he was guarding with his life their beloved France, may have been a dullard in his class and a seeming failure in his community, but inspired with a great purpose he gave his all that dying he might protect those whom he loved. True, he lost out in that “supreme thing which men call ‘age,” but it is youth of his kind that lend glory and distinction to a nation. Sighing because he had but one life to give for his country, Nathan Hale died like a martyr, but the record of his Hero- ism fired the tired Continentals with new courage and flaming zeal. * ok ok % Our reckoning of values needs read- Justment and reappraisal. Success too often is measured by standards that are poor and mean. Our youths are trained to appraise life by what they see of success in those who have gained for the while material gifts and pos- sesslons. Of one who had acquired such things and boasted of his security Christ said: “Thou fool, this night shail thy soul be required of thee; then whose shall those things be which thou hast provided?” The heroic element is ever the most fascinating and com- pelling. Men bow to it as to nothing else. It is fundamental to the highest development of character. It does not always mean making the ‘“supreme sacrifice,” but it does mean willingness to do so rather than break with prin- ciple. “Piping times of peace rarely produce this quality; it thrives in times of peril and strife. Christ made it the outstanding thing of His ministry, and all those who have emulated His ex- ample have been the benefactors of the race. We forget Lorenzo the magnifi- cent and his beautiful Florence, but we stand uncovered by the spot where Savonarola gave his life that his mighty teachings might live. How many weaker men and women caught inspira- tion and encouragement from his noble example the world will never know. Yes, the world’s great advances have been registered by those who, count- ing not their lives dear unto them- selves, have gone bravely to their Cal- vary. With one voice these heroes of the world have seemed to say: “To you from falling hands we fling the torch, Be yours to lift it high.” The world's Calvarys are its inspira- tion “points; they mark the beginning of some new ideal; they nt anew some great and lofty principle of life (Copyright, 1924, by Current News Features, Tacorporated. ) Chance of Genuine Peace In Europe Now Enhanced (Continued from First Page.) is of economic France and to France— must become apprehension the prejudice Poincare in sfon that at least a ion Dbetween was essential < to Germany—and it evident with W Frenchmen looked at and even worse against both Britain and Germany. France had turned to Poincare in 1922 as she had turned to Clemenceau in 1917, not because of any popu- larity—neither man enjoyed popu- larity in the ordinary sense of the word, save as Clemenceau won it with the war and for a moment—but hecause in each case these seemed the necessary men. But in the end she dropped Poincare as she had de- nied Clemenceau the presidency be- cause the necessity had passed and the asset had become a liability. The Frenchman would say: I be- Jieve that Clemenceau had won the war and therefore deserved well of the republic, despite his later fail- ures. He would in the same way say that Poincare, by overturning Lloyd George and by occupying the Ruhr, had saved France's rights both to reparation and to security. But he would say also that, since Poincare had come to appear as militaristic, whatever that might be, that since he had become a symbol of trouble, un apparent barrfer to European peace, and- since, in any event, his task was done, It was time to choose other men to negotiate with both Britain and Germany. New Men In Power. The new men who have come to power in France are not, in the main, radical in our bolshevist sense, nor Soclalist in the German sense even, just as the British Labor party is millions of miles removed from the Russian brand of radicalism. Both parties are essentlally nationalistic, as, witness Labor accepting the air pro- gram of the tories and launching a naval program of its own. But both are lberal in the sense of bullding thelr policy without intent of ag- gression. To put it more exactly, in America the majority of British Laborites and French radicals would he out-and-out paclfists and in Europe they travel in this direction as far as their unfortunate situations permit. Now, obviously, between a MacDon- ald Labor government in London and a Herriot or Herriot-Painleve-Briand government in France there can be vastly more co-operation than be- tween a Poincare ministry and a Lioyd George ministry or a Poincare min- istry and a MacDonald ministry, for on both sides of the channel there will be now @ clear perception that men of the same general sympathies, beliefs and aspirations, but with dif- ferent national conditions, are with equal good faith seeking a solution. * Difference in Personalities. That is the great gain which I see in the French decision. France, the French democracy has met the Brit- jsh'half way, in §o far as the oholce of meh to govern is concerned. Mac- Donald can talk with Herriot, with Briand or with Painleve as he never could have talked with Poincare. Re- member, however, that any one of these three men will have to say to MacDonald much that Poincare would have sald, but the difference in per- sonalities is incalculable. A Labor England and a Radical France— Radical in the French sense, not ours —can probably get on together better than any other combination imagin- able. What then. of Germany, which has sone ‘in the opposite direction with a resounding bang? In reality nothing much of importance, because when- ever Britain and France can agree Germany must accept the terms pro- vided. But there are at least a cer- tain number of Germans as weary of war—of war In peace—as are the majority of Britons and Frenchmen. Vo them there has been no apparent out with Poincare In the saddle and France in the Ruhr perhaps im- movably. If the Nationalists won a zreat victory in the recent election iaey did not gain a majority, more- 1 over they are themselves divided be- tween extremists and moderates. 1t Poincare had won the French election the chances are that the mod- erate parties in Germany, the Center, the Peoples and the Democratic, ight in despair have joined with the tionallsts in a reactionary govern- ment. But the chances are now that they will join with the Socialists in a moderaté government. Issues Are Unchanged. Now, we have in Europe this situ tion. Britain has a Labor govern- ment, France will shortly have a Radical-Socialist government, Ger- many, despite her recent reaction can have a government made up of mod- erates. The fundamental issues have not changed, the basic policies of the three nations remain the same, but the superficial obstacles have been enormously reduced alike because of the change in British and French official personnel and because of the arrival of the Dawes report. In all human probability the first of the many conferences which must now take place, culminating in the September session of the league of nations, where Germany's admission is sure to be urged and probably realized, will fall in the month which sees the tenth anniversary of the assassination of the Archduke Ferdi- nand at Serajevo, the occasion of the world war and the fifth anniversary of the signing of the treaty of Ver- sailles, which marked its official, but, alas, not its actual termination. And, at last, in Britain, in France, all over western Europe, save only in Germany, the promise of the arrival of real peace is unmistakable. At the very least the present moment is the best since the outbreak of the world war itself, the best in the sense that the chances of real adjustment are better than ever before. {Copyright, 1824, by the MeClure Newspaper Syndicate.) N Human Wireless Declared Possible Recalling the experiments of Charcot and William James, in Paris, Georges Lakhovsky, who has done profound re- search work in radio-active energy, is conducting experiments which he pre- dicts will result In the possibility of human communication by emanations, or waves, from the body. James and Charcot, placing a subject in a catalep- tic state, in a dark room, observed blue emanations from the extremities on one side of the body and orange on the other side—possibly comparable to positive and negative electric impulsions. After many years, during which the work of the earller scientists was almost forgotten, Lakhovsky summarizes the resuits of his inquiries in the definite statement that these emanations exist, and predicts that they will be used in “human wireleas” communication. All animals, he says, have such waves radiating from their bodies, and he ex- plains mysterious communications of animals by this. He offers this hypothe- sis as explaining such facts as_the Mason bees' extraordinary sense of di- rection, which baffled Henrl Fabre: the sureness of migratory birds in flying in perfect formation toward an objective, even in the darkest night, and the power of predatory insects and birds in search- ing out their prey. M. Lakhoveky predicts, furthermore, that understanding of these waves wili add immeasurably to the resources of physicians in diagnosing disease. His theory is that the human body emana- tions vary uniformly in accordance with the germ causing sickness, and that it will be possible to ascertain from them the nature of the iliness and combat it by opposed radiation. (Copyright, 1924. in United States and Canada by North American Newspaper Alliance.) Registers Salt in Sea. An apparatus has been perfected which automatically . registers the amount of salt in sea water, thus making possible more accurate knowledge of the paths of ocean cur- rents. It is also expected that it will ald In detecting the approach of ice- bergs. It is an _electrical device de- veloped by the United Statés bureau of standards. “Desert Rats” Doomed. The oldest “desert rats” and pros- pectors may be put out of business by/ an invention of the Director of the United States bureau of mines. It is said to locate underground ores by = sensitive electrical device. A patent has been applied for. THE SUNDAY STAR., WASHINGTON, BY HERBERT COREY. might sketch the life his- tory of Charles Doolittle ‘Walcott. Or one might run through the story of the Smithsonian Institution, of which he is the secretary and the actual head. But it seems best to intertwine the tales. A great scientist. A great institution. A man who has been happy through a long life because he has been able to busy himself at the work in which he is most in- terested. An organization whose name among sclentists throughout the world is as the hall-mark on minted metal. Seventy-four years old. Tall, slen- der, erect. Straightforward, Kkind, fine, firm. He spends his summers among the higher peaks of the Cana- dian Rockies, searching for the fossils which have enabled him to set the time when life first appeared‘on this globe farther back than his predeces- sors in science had thought possible. Not to fix the time when life ap- peared. Merely to lift one corner of the curtain of the ages a little higher. Member of and honored by the major societies devoted to pure sclence. When the Wollaston medal was for- warded to him by the British Geologi- cal Society the president of that or- ganization said: Tribute from the Britixh. have ex- wher- “His personal researches cited interest and admiration ever geology is cultivated.” Suppose we begin with the Smith- sonian Institution, itself starved and poverty-stricken by comparison with the new institutions of research and vet superbly rich. One James Smith- son, the illegitimate son of a noble English mily, left fund to the United States government for the foundation of an institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.” His resentment of the bar sinister was bitter. Tradition tells that he signed as a reason for this act his a ““The name of Smithson remembered when that of my father’s family shall have long Been forgotten.” Others have added to the original endowment fund from time to time. Yet today that fund amounts to only little more than a millfon dollars. Its total is not as much as the annual income of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Its income is but $53,- 000 a year, a sum pitifully inadequate to carry on the work of research and exploration in which the scientific organization owned by the nation should be foremost. Its income, ac- cording to an authorized statement: How Institution Is Hampered. “Is no longer sufficient to take up big projects, attract young investiga- tors of promise, pay living compensa- tions, or publish valuable manuscripts offered. laboratories under its control cannot be fully utilized.” Here seems to be a discrepancy. Under the Smithsonian Institution in Washington is a group of magnificent buildings. The Smithsonian directs the National Museum, the National Art Gallery, the Freer collection, a score, perhaps, of immensely impor- tant laboratories and collections fn which are assembled the foundation stones of modern science. Most of the scientific activities of the govern- The extensive collections and | CHARLES D. ment today have been thrown off by the Smithsonian, as sparks from a whirling grindstone. The airplane overhead owes its existence to Dr. Langley, head of the institution. Here was developed the forerunner of all oscillating electric motors. Here Michelson developed the standard meter in wave lengths and Morley found the atomic weights of oxygen and hydrogen. A page might be filled with titles of Smithsonian researches. Yet the institution itself is povert, stricken as a Blue Ridge mountaineer. Went to Carnegle for Ald. The explanation is that Congress supports by appropriations the var- jous activities which have been grouped around the Smithsonian, but the parent of them all, the governing agency, the heart of the family, permitted to depend on gifts made by private donors. It was when Dr. Walcott found himself confronted by a heart-breaking need for funds to carry on the most intensely important researches that he applied yvears ago to Andrew Carnegie for aid. Trained in the severe school of the Smithson- ian, he did not ask for much. ¥ “Ten thousand dollars a year,” he said, “would enable us to make a be- ginning——' Carnegie li: tened and was con- D. C. MAY 25, 1 WALCOTT. vinced. He gave not the $10,000 a year asked, but $10,000,000 as an endow- ment for a Carnegie institute. Late~ gifts increased this to $23,000,830 from which the income is $1,300,000. Dr. Walcott was made its secretary, a position he later resigned in order to devote more time to his first love, the Smithsonian. But the researches of the need of which he had been so convinced had been initiated. Science was being served. Only the Smith- sonian remained poverty-stricken— handcuffed. Attracted Attention at 23. Fifty years ago—in 1873—Charles Doolittle Walcott first attracted the attention of the scientific world. He was only twenty-three vears old, and vet the leading scientific magazine of that day published an article about the young man and his geologlc dis- coveries. One might say he had al- ways been a geologist. As a boy he spent his summers on a farm near his birthplace at Utica, New York, and like other emall boys, he trotted at the heels of a larger one. The eld- | er boy had discovered a lime-carrving | spring which “petrified” the forest leaves which fell into it. They gath- ered the leaves, boylike, for sou- venirs. One day the boy Walcott was Ilying in the shade of a tree by the 924 —PART 2. roadside when an old man approach- ed. He carried a market basket, from what seemed sticks protruded. “Why don’t you come with me and hunt for fossils?” asked the old man. The seeming sticks were the handles of geologists' hammers, One might weave a pretty fancy about that chance meeting. One might say that chance meeting deter- mined the course of the boy’s lif But it would not be true. The oppor- tunity came a little earlier than might have been hoped for, but already the studious boy had learned a little of the countryside fossils. Enough to have determined to know more. There was a brief and advantageous diver- sion Into business, but geology was his life work. Ho was only seventeen when his knowledge was so far ad- vanced that he had determined to spe- clalize on the Cambrian rocks. He has been at it ever since. The books he has written fill a shelf. Another man might find his activ- itles thwarted by the calls upon his time made by the administrative needs of the Smithsonian Institution, which I8 in correspondence with every first-rate scientist, one might say with every major institution of re- search, with every explorer and an- thropologist and the like in the world. But Dr. Walcott has reduced admin- istration to a system. He selects §ood men to take charge of his depart- ments. Then he depends on them to get results. They only come to him when they are in a jam. Scientists ask for the aid of the Smithsonfan in their various enterprises. “What do you want to do?” he asks. “What do you know about it now? What do you hope to accomplish? Why? What will it cost?” How He Finds Them for Work. He asks other questions, doubtless, but this outlines his application of common sense to his task. When he gets through with his inquisition he can either say yes or no or come back later. So that he is enabled between times to write his books and carry on his correspondence with other scien- tiste and dig into the history of the pest through the lenses afforded by shelf after shelf full of fossils in the werkroom of his office. There he works at one until he is tired, when he rests by taking up another. He is constantly active, yet never hurried. Not many men of seventy-four could take horse in the summertime and ride up trackless mountains as far as the horse can go, then walk and climb the rest of the way. He thinks nothing of it. To be more pre- cise, he thinks'everything of it. His summers in the Canadian Rockies have invested him not merely with strength and vigor, but with a cer- tain high courage that is inspiring even in casual contact. Yet he is not what is often called “rugged.” He may have little actual weight-lifting strength. But of endurance and kind- liness and clarity—no end, plus a calm philosophy and a gentle humor. It's a pity that the Smithsonian In- stitution should be so poor in this world's gear. It is barred from play- ing the independent part in the world of science that it might if its purse were only a little better filled. Yet it can match honor for homor with every other scientific institution in this country and have an abundance left. James Smithson builded well. The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. The following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended May 24: * % % % The British Empire.—On May 16 the House of Commons voted down by 264 to 168 a proposal to national- ize mines. The King and Queen of Rumani the latter Queen Victorla’s grand- daughter and the handsomest and cleverest of living queens, are visit- ing the King and Queen of England. The gossips are disappointed that they did not bring along the charm- ing Princess Ileana, whom the afore- said gossips have destined to be the Princess of Wales. James Brown, one-time miner, now member of Parllament, entered storled Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, on May 29, as lord high commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland; exercising in that capac- ity, as personal representative of the ing, functions more nearly regal than those of a viceroy. The fact that Mr. and Mrs. Brown have proved quite equal to the social requirements of the system seems deeply to have impressed the greater part of man- kind; in other words, the snobbish art. P8Maj. Gen. Sir Charles V. F. Town- shend is dead. He retired in 1920 af- ter forty years of distinguished serv- jces in the British army. His conduct of the campaign which ended with the surrender of the sorry remnant of his force at Kut-El-Amara was scarcely surpassed for brilllancy by any other operation of the war. The task as- signed him was hopeless and its as- signment one of the great blunders of the war. After terrible punish- ment of the enemy and sustaining a slege of 147 days against overwhelm- ing odds, he surrendered when there was no more food and his men could scarcely stand up. The Turks had an unbounded admiration for him. He persuaded the Turkish government to sue for peace and it was through him that the Turkish offer was made which resulted in the Mudros armis- tice. He was the great-great-grand- son of the Lord Townshend who re- {.;elved Montcalm’s surrender at Que- ec. 1t is quite possible that by this time Mount Everest has been topped. It was on May 21, 1822, that Mallory, Somervell and Norton, having started on the 20th from the North Col or Al- pine camp at 22,000 feet, reached 26,800 feet without oxygen, and on May 27 that Finch and Geoffrey Bruce, having started from North Col camp on the 25th and using oxygen toward the end, reached 27,300 feet—within 1,700 feet of the summit. This year's expedition arrived at the base camp two days ahead of the 1922 schedule. Two Australian birdmen, in one m: chine, have just completed the circuit of Australla surveying the coast in connection with plans for coast de- fense—a most hazardous exploit be- cause long tracts of the coastland are uninhnbited. * x k¥ France.—Of course, gossip is rife, in and out of France, respecting what may ensue upon the French political shake-up, but* I postpone discussion of the situation, pending some clear development. = Pelletier D'Olsy flew from Hanol, French Indo-China, to Canton, China, on May 18. Bun Yat-Sen, President of the Canton or South,China repub- lic, rose from the dead to greet him. At any rate, he was reported dead the other day. Shanghai was reached on the 20th, but in landing the ma- chine struck a golf bunker and was wrecked. The tuchun at Shankhai offered another plane and the flight is being continued today. The output of the French coal mines is now 72 per cent of pre-war nor- mal. * ok ok % —DMore fighting in the Span- of Morocco: the Spaniards still on defensive. An outlying be- leaguered Spanish garrison is re- Iteved, but at terrible loss to the re- lief force, “mostly native troops and members of the foreign legion.” What about that long-promised advance in force, Dictator Primo De Rivera? There is no falling off in ‘Spanish enthusiasm for bull fighting. A new arena is being built at Madrid with seats for 35,000 spectators to replace one with seats for only 15,000. One is under construction at Seville which will accommodate 60,000 spectators. * ¥ ¥ % Germany. — Negotiations contem- plating a coalition government to in- clude Natlonalists, Democrats, Cer- trists and representatives of the Peo- ple's party and the Bavarlan People's party have failed. The representa- tives of the old Central bloc refused to take in the Nationalists unless the leaders of the latter should pledge support of the Dawes plan, which pledge was not forthcoming. In oth- er words, the political situation is still in_the air. The great strike in the Ruhr con- tinues and some estimates show 600,- 000 out. Rioting in several townsis reported; the worst at Gelsenkirchen, where workers clashed with police and many persons were wounded. * k X X Japan.—The cabinet of Kiyoura is popularly known as the “peers’ cabi- net” and the ‘cabinet of the priv- fleged classes. The defeat of Kiyoura's party at the recent elections seems (one should be careful not to exaggerate) to indicate a powerful trend toward democracy. But Viscount Kato, head of the Kenselkai party, who will probably be the next premlier, is no Gracchus, no tribune of the people. Unless he has greatly changed, his attitude respecting foreign policy is not precisely liberal. It is he who drew up the twenty-one demands agalnst China. It is understood that of all prominent Japanese statesmen he is the least friendly to the United States. It is reported that the Japanese minister at Peking and the Russian envoy there are In uegotiatlon look- ing to a Russo-Japanese treaty. * & * K United States of America.—On the 17th the House passed the bonus bill over the President's veto, 313 to 78. On the 19th the Senate passed it by 59 to 26, & margin of two above the required two-thirds majority. The biil is therefore now law, and that's over. On Wednesday the conferees reach- ed agreement on the tax revision bill. The normal tax and surtax and the personal exemptions proposed el:{ the Democrats are those adopted. The relief proposed for persons of moderate means is extraordinary. For nxunfl;. under the present law a m: man with an income of $7,000 and:no dependents except his wife, pays for tax and surtax $160, the new Spni ish zone measure would cut $57.50. The tax revislons mean a total reve- nue loss in their first year of opera- tion of about $47 0,000. A surplus of about $372,500,000 had been - mated for that year. That is, vou would have, through operation of the bill, instead of a surplus, a deficit of $100,000,000. Add to that deficit $150,- 000,000 for the bonus. . Legislation for the relief of farm- ers and to increase the wages of post- al employes might further increase the deficit total to the nelghborhood of $500,000,000. So the pessimists. There are, how- ever, optimists who assert that the budget surplus is an underestimate: so much so that despite reduction of revenue and increase of expenditure as per above, the deficit at the end of the fiscal year 1925 would be in- considerable. “And now, presumably, for legislation in aid of the farmer. Senator Pepper has submitted to the Senate another world court plan. Every Ameri®an who has not done 8o shouid read (in the daily press of May_ 22) the letter of Secretary of the Navy Wilbur to the chairman of the House naval affairs committee, in which, in compliahce with a House resolution, he sets forth the condition and strength of our Navy. the latter relatively to the strength of the British and Japanese navies. He pre- sents the following grand conclusfon: “A fair comparison of the present fighting strength in spips of Great Britain, America and Japan would appear'to be 5-4-3. This ratio does not take into consideration strategic- ally located and well equipped naval bases, which add greatly to the sea power of the nation, nor does it take into consideration . the _relative strength of the various merchant ma- rines. No doubt the above figures show- ing relative strength are based upon profound study and the nicest bal- ancing of considerations, but our weakness under several categories, as shown by the letter, is profoundly disquieting. Thirteen battleshipe re- quire very considerable moderniza- tion: we have tankage for onl 4,000,000 barrels of fuel oil, wherea: We require tankage for 48,000,000 barrels. In respect of light cruisers our strength Is as 15 to Japan's 3 and Britain's 5; we have no subma- rines capable of maneuvering with that figure to the fleet at battle speed nor at the usual fleet-cruising speed ‘under all conditions of sea and weather, and only three such buflding; we have no flotilla leaders, no mine-laying sub- marines; our reserve supply of tor- pedoes 'is 20 per cent short. The amount of construction under way or authorized toward making good the main items of deficlency just noted is Inconsiderable. As an off- Set we are far in the lead In respect of destroyers and probably some- what ahead of all other nations in respect of naval aircraft. Mr. Cyrus Wood has resigned his post as our ambassador to Japan and the resignation has been accepted. On May 15 our six round-the-world flyers hopped off in their three planes from Attu Island, the most wester- ly of the Aleutians, headed for Paramusir Island, one of the Japanese Kurile group. But they were com- pelled by fog and snow to deviate somewhat to the north of the direct route to Paramusir and to_alight near one of the Commander Islands (Russian). They hopped off the next morning and reached Paramusir that day, the 17th (a day having been lost when crossing the International aate line just west of Attu). It re- quired nerve to attempt the flight of the 15th-16th in face of the weather conditions. Two Japanese and one American destroyer (the Ford) were at Paramusir, help if required. On the 19th our birdmen flew on to Etorofu Island, another of the Kuriles. On the 22d at 3 a. m. they took off from Etorofu and at 11 they alighted in the harbor of Minato, near the northeast corner of Nippon, the main_island of Japan. Having re- fueled, they hopped off again at 12:30 and arrived about 6 p.m. at Kasumiga —Ura, the Japanese naval air station, about’ fifty miles from Tokio. They will stay there some day overhauling their planes and install ing new engines. There seems to be some doubt whether Maj. Martin and Sergt. Har- vey will be sent to India to rejoin the flignt, as was planned. The American Telephone and Tele- graph Company claims to have solved satisfactorily for commercial purposes the prablem of sending photographs by wire. But the illustrations from photographs reproduced ‘ by its proc- ess which have appeared in the news- papers seem to me to lack the required clearness. The Atlantic Aircraft Company to_turn out Fokker planes. Fokker planes are carrying all be- fore them in European commercial air service. Our Fokker Army plane has been, T understand, a striking suc- cess, standing by to give * kX ok Miscellaneous.—A treaty between Caechoslovakia and Italy, similar to the treaty concluded between Czecho- slovakia and France, is by way ot be- ing consummated. A rebellion in Albania. The insurg- ents reported to have seized several cities, including Scutari. Worse yet, the Tirana government, according to report, has summarily dismissed the financial advisers appointed at the government's request, by the league of nations. It 1s reported from Athens that Ve- nizelos is fully recovered from the ill- ness which recently compelled him, in the midst of the Greek crisis, to re- nounce political activity and leave Greece: that he is disposed to enter the political arena, and might not be averse to the presidency of the new republic. On invitation of the Greek and Bul- garian governments, Senor de la Bar- ra, one-time Mexican ambassador to Washington, is acting as mediator in the matter of Bulgaria's claim to a commercial outlet through Greece to the Aegean. One hears that Poland is balancing her budget by normal methods. The Associated Press reports that the Russlan soviet government has issued a decree which practically ex- cludes all children of the burgeois from the high schools and the univer- sities. A civil war is on In Persia. The Amir of Afghanistan has a rebellion on his hands. But the details are ob- scure. Lightning Bolt Worth $1 When a housewife uses up one dollar's worth of electricity in light- ing, cooking or vacuum-cleaning. she uses the equivalent of a bolt of light- ning. A lightning flash represents 50,000,000 volf, but it lasts less than one one-thousandth of a second. This equals about ten kilowatt hours, or about one dollar's worth at the average domestic rate. TREATIES HEAL WOU DS U. S., Colombia and Panama Now More in Accord BY BEN McKELWAY. N outstanding accomplishment of the present administra- tion's Latin American policy has been to heal the old wounds and smooth out the difficul- ties botween the United States, Co- lombia and Panama, the three parties most Interene_d in construction of the Panama Canal. One of the first acts of former President Harding was to push through to ratification the treaty with Colombia, and the closing days of the administration he began will witness the final negotiation of a treaty with Panama, which will re- place the so-called Taft agreement and rid Panama of what has become a smarting thorn in her side. Between these two steps was an- other—the resumption of diplomatic relations between Columbia and Pan- ama and the settlement between those countries of old boundary difficulties, which have kept them apart and cre- ated dlscord and {1l feeling for the last twenty years. Diplomacy works in & mysterious way its wonders to perform, and those who have watched the developments in settling the old three-cornered troubles between the United States, Panama and Colombia are able to trace a close connection between the resumption of relations between Colombia and Panama and the forthcoming treaty between the United States and Panama. Tripartite Agreement. Some years after the break between Colombia and Panama, resulting in the latter's independence, a tripartite agreement was signed between Co- lombia and the United States, the United States and Panama, and Pana- ma and Colombia, which arranged for the settlement of the boundary be- tween Colombia and Panama and for the negotiation of agreements to set- tle certain questions of pecuniary lability. In this agreement Colombia also recognized Panama’s independ- ence, but the treaty was never rati- fied by the Colombian Through a later treaty with United States, however. Colombia recognized Panama’s independence, and designated certain geograph- ical points as marking the boun- dary line between the two coun- tries. But Panama never was a party to this treaty. It seemed to be an easy matter 1o obtain an agreement between, two of the countries, but it could never be stretched to cover the three of them. Two months ago a special mission came to Washington from Panama to undertake negotiations for & new treaty with the United States. The ate Department saw the opportuni- to kill two birds with one stone. Panama wanted something the Unit- ed States had in_its power to give, while the United States wanted some- thing that Panama could very easily bring about. Panama wanted a new treaty with the United States, The TUnited States wanted to see Panama and Colombia forget their old troubles and become friends again. Agree to Resume Relations. The State Department obtained what it was after early this month when representatives of Colombl and Panama met Secretary Hughes at the State Department and formally exchanged compliments and enthusi- astically agreed to resume diplomatic relations, exchange ministers and set- tle on what constitutes the boundary between them. Colombia recognized Panama as an independent mat Panama thanks Colombia for such recognition and a most enjoyable time was had by all In the mean time, the final stens are being taken in drawing up the new treaty between the United States and Panama. The original treaty ne- gotiated between the United States and Panama when the canal was built was Interpreted by what has come to be known as the Taft agreement, mad by Mr. Taft when he was Secrefary of War under Roosevelt. Since that agreement came into effect Panan has found it hard not to become a bit jealous of the nal and the canal territory's development under the United States. She has seen the canul BTOW o & paying business. The army of canal workers are fed through United States systems of marketing and storage. They are transported on United States railroads They live and profit within a narrow stretch of territory so close, yet so far, from Panama’s domain that the contrast in conditions hurts. Panam. i ed big things from the canal. True there might have been no Panama i there had been no canal, yet Panama finds it hard to see such olden treas ure pass, day in and da out, within far without her gras er existed, To mak ong story short, | o the Oniven States has gone into the canal bu: ness as a commercial proposition and is making money, while she is leti high and dry and too much out of it to suit her taste To Smooth Out Dificulties. The new treaty between the United States and Panama will attempt to smooth out all he difficulties which have arisen since the canal placed in operation. The Taft agree- ment, made many yvears ago, did not smooth out all th difficulties whi. have been made since that time. Soms questions have never been settled satisfactorily. Panama wants to know just what right the United S has and how far it may go in ut ing the Canal Zone for commercial purposes She wants to settle with the United States the future methods of land acquisition. She wants to know whether this land will be valued at past or present prices. Then ther: is the question of th mount of co- operation the United States will ex- tend to 1% ma in ro building, and the points at which Panama’s roads will join built by the United States. Question as where ti of Panama may bridg the has never been definitel settled. and the use of the airplan: has brought up the need for regulau- tions concerning Panam o fly machines over the canal. Panani. [has made clear that she does no |want to jeopardize the canal defenses but growth and elopment have necessitated new agreements as to what she may and may not do where the Canal Zone is concerned. President Porras of Panama has e cently issued a decree which will per- mit foreign governments to establish upon due application, landing field< and fuel stations for airplanes. The decree was issued in response to i request from the United States gov ernment for permission to establish such fields at Ceiba and Pedregal, it connection with projected aer: flights and mancuvers. While the decree gives permission to “foreign governments,” Panama will see that the interests of the United States are safeguarded in granting permissiol to anybody else. was Poland, Surrounded by Foes, Has Made (Continued from First Page.) war, especially by Russia and Ger- many. The disarmament movement inaugurated by the league of nations may apply to the reduction of military forces under arms in peace time, but it cannot cut down the number of able-bodied members of the reserves. “Opinion abroad, that we should like to see the regime of arms relgn- ing supreme in central Europe, and that we bring trouble into the world, which suffers from a disturbed sys- tem of production, is wrong and is in- sulting to democratic Poland. No one wants peace more earnestly than does Poland. Peace is absolutely indis- pensable to the improvement of our economic conditions and necessary for the final interior consolidation of the state. Dangers of Poland's Position. h the progress in the develop- ment of military forces, legal as well as illegal, in both Germany and Rus- sia, those states might attack Poland at any time, and we must be on the alert. The frontier line of Poland is extended and without natural protec- tion, and therefore difficult to defend. For this reason we are in a more dan- gerous position than any other Euro- pean country. “I wish to point out the fact that Poland inherited no military eq ment after the war, and does not own big supplies of the war material that was in posscssion of all the armies, whether victorious or vanquished, in the fall of 1918. As a result, we must equip the army gradually and part of the annual budget—I wish it could be as large a part as possible—must be saved for future needs. In considera- tion of these facts, the army budget for 1924 has been estimated at about 600,000,000 Polish zloty (about $120,- 000,000) or one-third of the state budget.” Finances of Poland. The Polish mark appears to be stabllized at about 9,300,000 to the American dollar. A new currency that will be based on the gold franc (one franc is worth 19.3 cents), will be introduced July 1, if the hopes of the Polish government are real- ized. Last Decomber Wladyslaw Grabski, who had served as minister of finance in other Polish cabinets, was not only made prime minister and minister of finance but was given unlimited au- thority for six months to stabilize the Polish mark. This is how he did it: There are both optimists and pessi- mists in Poland as regards the finan- clal outlook. I understand that even Grabski admits that, if by July 1, he can not get the 500,000,000 gold francs in foreign loans, which the sejm (parliament) has authorized him to get, he does not know what will be- come of the Polish mark by next next fall. Some Polish financial ex- perts with whom I have spoken are even more pessimistic. Take More Hopeful View, On the other hand there are many optimists who have been cheered up recently by the loan of 100,000,000 francs which the Italian government has announced it is Willing to make to Poland. Poland, like Austria and Germany, when the local money was dropping, suffering from what in central Europe 1s cyhpnal flucht” (the flight of Steady Progress capital), and the Polish government certain to take steps to prevent wealthy Poles from going to the Riviers to spend their money. One of the measures the government plans t adopt to charge £100 for every passport issued to a Pole. This will affect only middle-aged Poles and wom- en and children, young men of military age being refused passports, unless they have gilt-edged papers showin that they are going abroad on real business. Situation at Dansig. When I visited the free city Danzig, four years ago, 1 saw many soldiers—dapper British Tommies and Polish soldiers, wearing the four- pointed Kosciuszko cap. -There w many British and Polish flags, sentr) boxes, military railroad officials and twice the usual amount of red tap« involving special passes for entranc: into certain areas. Today no soldier of any nationality are seen in the free state of Danziz There is, however, a sufficient number of policemen in blue and green uni forms to safeguard the persons aud property of Danzig's population. For eign flags have disappeared from pub- lic buildings and the sentry boxes have elther heen stolen by the shiv- ering poor, to be used as firewood, or stand inside alleys, as faded, decaying reminders of a more feverish perfod Under a Constant Menace. Danzig is an independent country, whose autonomy is guaranteed by the league of nations under the treaty of January 10, 1920, but whose saféty may be considered as continually menaced. Poland needs Danzig as an outlet to the sea and is not satisfied with the privileges of making use of the harbor for all peaceful purposes and with the neighboring naval ba Godynia, turned over to her for mil- ftary purposes. 1If Poland has a chance take Danzig by a coup d'etat while other interested powers especially Germany, are involved in other matters, she will do so, accord- ing to military and diplomatic experts in these part On the other hand, Germany is no likely to forget that the “Polish cor- ridor,” which gives Poland access to Danzig, has cut off Bast Prussia from the rest of Germany, leaving it mor: or less at the mercy of the Poles. The military experts assume, therefore that when Germany thinks “der tag” has come for recapturing Danzig, as well as the “T'olish corridor,” she wiii try to do so. Abandon German Money System. According to official figures fur nished me by a neutral diplomat in Danzig, the free state has a popula- tion of 360,000, of whom only from 4 to 6 per cent speak Polish. The of ficial Janguage is German, but recent- Iy Danzig broke away from the Ger- man money system, and, instead of using German marks as its ofticial currency, it is now using gulden. which are based on the English pound stefling, the official rate of exchange being 25 gulden to the pound ($4.86) Danzig expects a considerable boom in shipping this summer, as the Pol- ish government has announced that it will permit emigration from Poland to the United States and Canada only by way of Danzig's port. Whether or not this measure will go through is still uncertain, and the free’ state has made no preparation to enlarge the port in order to accommodate the increased shipping that would result On the whole, the individual citizen of Danzig Is fairly happy and the city gives the Impression of prospenity. a