Evening Star Newspaper, January 5, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING ST& WASHINGTON D, (Jl SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1924, " THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. bk e & 'fWAlane'IDN, D.C b ‘!l.IODOIE W. NOYES 'The Evening Star Newspaper Company Buainess Office, 11th 8t. and hl‘{]'l-]l Ave, New York Offic East 42nd 8t Chicago Tower fiufldh:' European Ofice: 16 1tej .. Loades, England, «Editor The Evening Star. with the Sunday moraing edition, 18 delivered by carers within the city ‘at 60 conts per month; dally ealy. 43 rents per month; Sunday onir, 20 cents Grders may b sent by ma 5000, Callect the end ot ueh o Rate by Mlll—l’lylbh in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo. Dally only 1¥r., $6.00; 1 mo., 60¢ Sunday onl < 1¥r] §240 1 mo, 200 All Other States. Dally and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00: 1 mo., $6c Dally only.. 1 3 $7.00; 1mo,, “c Sunday oni; $3.00; 1mo., Member of the Ass A.unrll"d Preas. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the ‘use for republicatipn of ail news dis- patche credited o it o st etberwiss ety in this paper and alse the lehed herein. | All righs of vnuhnh- o #pecial dispatches berein are miso reserved. —_— No Tax Reduction Compromise. Indication is planly given at the ‘White House that the President is firmly opposed to any material de- partures from the Mellon plan of tax reduction which has been submitted to Congress. As he stated in his annual message, he is unqualifiedly for the recommendations of the Secretary of the Treasury. He does not propose to submit, as far ag his powers of ap- proval go, to amendments which alter the scope or change the purpose ot the measure, and it is intimated that his objection to such compromises and departures will go to the point of veto 1f Congress presents him with & bill of that character. Ever since the Mellon plan was pro- Pposed there has been a disposition in certain quarters to urge its change in one or another direction, to ques- tion its efficacy in bringing about a material reduction for the smaller tax- payers, to challenge its good faith in respect to higher taxes. These expres- sions of disapproval have been coupled with assertions that the bill could not become a law without radical changes. Now the Prasfdent has given notice, in effect, that he will “stand or fall” by the Mellon tax plan, that he will ae- cept as far as his approval goes no other measure, save, of course, s it may be changed in minor detafls; that the principle embodied in it is that which he recommends and which he asks of Congress. It is well thus to have defined the attitude of the Executive toward a proposition that is the keynote of his wdministration. Through Secretary Mellon’s proposal and his indorsement he has made tax reduction his major requisition upon the legislature. Ie is a candidate for nomination and elec- tion to the office to which he succeed- ed on the death of President Harding. He is before the people now as as- " pirant to retain the’ post. He feels that the people deserve and demand a tion of taxes. bill such a measure. He asks its enact- ment, and he 'will not approve a com- promise that departs from its prin- eiples and scope. Smuggling. It is published that federal authori- tles and state police believe that rum- runners from the West Indies are smuggling narcotics, jewelry, plumes and other things, and it is also said that they have succeeded in setting ashore aliens who otherwise would have to pass immigration inspectors. No report has been made that rum- runners have been caught with other than liquors, but if the authorities saspect that drugs and jewels, and perhaps laces, clgars and Chinese, are being landed they should find a way 1o prove or disprove their suspicions. There is something plausible about the } story. If a smuggler or rum-runner can get through the lines with cases of liquor he ought to be able to get through with less bulky contraband. A smuggler is a smuggler, and it is not likely that he has any pricks of conscience as to what he smugsgles. Profit is his main thought. The chances are that Rum row off the Jersey coast 18 mot a polite and pleasant neighborhood. Some of the iransients there are probably not high- minded men. It must be a pretty tough section. It is said that the rum- running vessels carry machine guns or small cannon, and that the crews have rifles handy prepared to meet sea pirates and “hijackers” who come from land to hold up the rum ships. If the rum-runners are breaking the customs law by landing less bulky and more valuable goods than liquor this form of smuggling might be stopped by stopping rum-running and yum-runners. More law officers and eternal vigilance should be the watch- words on the Jersey coast. ———————— In a Mexican election the question of who has the most ammunition arises as well as that of who has the gnost. votes. Union Station Plaza. Announcement that Senators Pepper and Fernald, respectively chairmen of the committees on libraries and pub- ‘lic buildings, propose to press for e settlement of the Union Station plaza «question brings hope that this unfor- tunate situation will be soon resolved. ‘When the Union station was located at the junction of Massachusetts and Delaware avenues it was contemplat- ed that all the land lying between it and the Capitol should be acquired by the government and made into a great plaza or park in extension of the Capi- tol grounds. A commission was ap- pointed, and a large portion of this space was obtained by purchase and by condemnation. A certain section, nowever, property of the Bajtimore end Ohio Railrcad Company, was never bought because - proceedings were halted upon interposition of ob- jection in the House of Representa- tives, on the ground that excessive prices were being exacted. So the case has rested, with the land partially cleared and partially occu- pied, with a blight of virtual con- demnation over the whole, preventing most remarkable condition in the use of part of the land, owned by the railroad company, as sites for the so- called government hotels, tardily erect- ed during the war congestion for housing woman workers in the depart- ments. The railroad company has of- fered this land for male. Whils it is probable that a buyer could hardly be found except on the chance that the government will not carry thnough its project of a plaza, the fact remains that here is an unfinished work, threatened by the entirely rightful enterprise of an owner of the space in seeking a market for new unre- munerative property. This land ought to be bought or the whole thing abandoned. The govern- ment should proceed with its acquisi- tion of space for the projected plasa with no more delay, or it should draw the line of the park as tities now stand and let that which s privately owned be turned back into the market for improvement. But there is no reason to look for abandonment of the plan. The space now owned by the government in this area is irregular in shape, and would not make a suitable park space if the remainder were built upon. The whole should be acquired according to the initial project, and steps to that end should be taken with no more delay as plain ‘business equity and in the interest of the proper development of the Capital. —_—————————— Government Building Program. The Public Buildings Commission bas sent to the Senate a strong re- port on the need for new government bulldings at Washington, and recom- mends that $50,000,000 be spent for this purpose, the expenditure to be spread over a period of five or ten years. The propossl follows that made by the President In his annual mes- sage, and the plan had been previous- ly approved by the commission and many government and civic agencles. A program {s thought to be the proper Wway of providing public buildings now needed at the Capital, and In the words of the report “would make it possible 'ty carry out the entire pro- gram without the necessity of coming to Congress and asking for authoriza. tion for each new building, as hag been the custom In the past.” The report points out that there is a pressing need for & building for the internal revenue bureau of the ‘Treas- ury, which is now “handling papers and records representing Dbililons of dollars and ie occupying 636,000 square eet of floor spuce in nine bulldings scattered over an area of one and o half square miles.” The general ac- counting office should have a buflding of its own, for this office now occupies in whole or part twenty buildings, and a very considerable saving {n money and increase in effectiveness of admin- istration would reeult if the office were in one buflding. The report goes over familiar ground when it says that “the Department of Agriculture is without doubt the worst-housed government institution ih Washington.” of which twenty-eight are rented by | the government from private owners. Co-ordination of the work of the de- partment is interfered with and the annual rent bill is $182,850. It isurged | that the Department of Justice should {be housed In a government-owned ibuilding, and ft is pointed out that the department pays $115,000 a year for rent and upkeep of its present quarters. For fully twenty years this department has been striving to have { Congress appropriate money for a building, and when the squares be- tween Pennsylvania avenue and B, 14th and 15th streets, were condemned { part of the general plan was the erec- tion there of such & buildin The subject of an archives bullding has been before Congress many times. use of the general supply comnittee and other government purchasing agencies. The government's plight in the mat- ter of its bullding plant at Washing- ton is now squarely up to Congrees. It is known that there is in Congress a strong sentiment favorable to pro- viding adequate quarters for govern- ment agencies here, and it is believed that the sentiment is strong ehough to insure affirmative action. 1f revolutionists in Mexico were as strong @s they represent themselves they would be able to get possession of munitions shipped into the coun- ] try, regardless of the original address. ——————— ‘When reckless motorists make it necessary for the police to shoot at them the danger of stray bullets is added to the perils already confront- ing the innocent bystander. —————— There is in Congress a disposition to make a tak.reduction plan even more complicated than the task of filling out the present incoms tax blank. P — Occasionally a great metropolis seems inclined to welcome the insinua- tion that it is wet as ever as an in- ducement to out-of-town buyers. No economist would dare to propose limiting Benator Hiram Johnson to an eight-hour day. Dust Explosion and Heroism. Few tales of herolsm have ever been more impressive than that of Frank Lichtwelss, a worker in the starch plant at Pekin, Ill, where an explo- sion Thursday oaused the death of perhaps two score of workers. He, with @ group of his fellows, was trapped in one of the rooms of the ‘bullding by the flames, which left but a narrow chance of escape. For more than an hour Lichtweiss, gifted with a powerful voice, sang to his comrades and kept them from panic. The fire- men were fighting to rescue them, but rescue was slow. There was danger that the entrapped men would rush frantieally to exit points and perish in the attempt to escape. Lichtweiss was the last to leave. He finally Jumped from a window, and-was badly hurt as well as burned. Now and again such scenes have been enacted in theaters and other places of public assemblage where the influence of song has stemmed the s tide of peniy sad dapeme ben H This department is | moattered amonig forty-five buildings, | systematic, material, equitable reduc- " He sees in the Mellon | The commission would also have built | a large government warehouse for the | Iln.nt ‘declaton, Aq?t automatio ac- tion, occurs on the part of some one with what is Xnown as presence of mind. There i3 something calming and reassuring about & song in such situation. Lichtweiss probably acted impulsively, wilhout reasoning, but, he acted wisely. This explosion is one of many that have occurred in industrial establish- ments where dust is present. Dust is & powerfyl t of destruction. It is the more dhngerous because it is more insldious, virtually ugseen, be. yond detection. It #8 even more de- structive than powder, for its force is wider spread. Extensive research ha# been mads into this perdl in industry and much advance has been made toward over- coming it. The Department of Agri culture and the bureau of mines have investiguted the dust danger and have prescribed methods to meet ft. Tt would seem from this Pekin disaster that not all establishments have adopt- ed the devices praposed, or that there still remains an element of danger be- yond the reach of protective meas- ures. . Decline in Lynching. It is belfeved that 1928 will show a marked decrease in lynching in the United Stafies as compared with 1922, 1921 and mwevious years. There is gratification in this and it may be or that lynching Wil become an un- usual crime. The commlssion on tace relations of the Federal Council of Churches has reported that for the first six months of this year there were fourteen lynchings in the United Htates, thirfeen of the victima being hegroes, while in the first six months of 1033 there were thirty lynchings und in the first six montha of 1821 thirtythree. The report says that, though all figures for the last six months of 1938 are not at hand, the Indications are that they will show that the number of lynchings in 1923 will be less than half the number in 1822, which was fifty-ssven. The re- port tells of the campaign of educa- tion carried on by the churches against lynching and of remarkable co-operation by the press of the north and south. The figures indicate that Ameticans are making progress to- ward correction of this demoralizing vice. ——— 1t is universally admitted that min- ieters of the gospel are poorly paid. They are peculiarly situated. They are not even in a position to form a union. The modern tendency, how- ever, is practical, and they, as well as others, may yet benefit by the re- minder that the laborer is worthy of his hire. ———— Doubts sometimes arise as to whether revolutlonists are animated by a spirit of patriotic revolt or a de- sire to get control of the custom- house revenues. The fact that statesmen have been displaying their farm accomplishments in Washington may cause a quart of milk to take on additional value as a | souvenir. There may be delays in Congress, but none serious enough to interfere with the business of preparing for | next summer’s conventions. 1 Germans who thought. of bringing jthe ex-kaiser to trial have probably { decided that the satisfaction would not be worth the expense. | There is no serious popular demand | for censorship of the movies, but some | of the performers should be compelled to disarm. —_———— SHOOTING STARS. ©Y PHILANDER JOHNEOY ! Half-Hearted Reform. { When I am hustling for a car {1 grumbie as I gaze afar, And wonder how folks can endure | A service that I deem 80 poor. | I have a sympathetic mind— 8o I assume—and grieve to find That folks should walt out in the street And maybe never get a seat. But when at last I am inside The car and ail serenely ride I wonder why so many make A rush this vehicle to take. This car at least they ought to skip. They seriously delay the trip. Besides, no one should be allowed To add to this unwieldy crowd. I am ashamed of what I find Sometimes in my unconsclous mind. I wonder that such things should be; And 0, to square myself with me, 1 rise reluctant to my feet To let & lady have & seat— In most reforms how many are Much like the man who takes the car. Generous Incliations. crats es much a® you used to.” “As we grow older,” answered Sena- tor Sorghum, “our idesls grow more liberal and our sentiments broaden. As the campaign season approaches I realize that in nature’s economy every created thing may be made in some ‘way useful.” — Jud Tunkins says his folks make him lose so much slesp trying to be Joyous and festive that he's going to ask the office for a ten-hour working day so as to give him more time to rest up. | . Ant-Snow. Little Willie has a sled. The way he loves it frets one. “It hasn't had & chance,” he said. 1 hope it never gets one. — Precaution. “Gimme just two quarts of gas,” Eaid Mr. Chuggins. that the lynching evil.will disappear “I don’t hear you denouncing pluto- | ¢: IN TODAY’S Much Is written abwut the anclent republics of Greece and Retne, as if they were predecessors of the re- publie of the United States of Amer- fea. In fast, they wers ariatsoratic oligurchies, in which heither the re- straint of written constitutions ner any expression ef the whole peeple affected the dictation ef the ruling clagses. ‘The government of Great Britain s errolieously called & coastitutienal monarchy. In reality it is what the government of thes United Btates never was—a “popular government.” Great Britain is ruled by a cabinet, amenable to parllament, whese house of commons is directly subject to the beople, as {s our Congress. If the varliament and the cablnet agree, they can pass &ny law, hewever it may Tevolutionize the b 23 Yaw Sintil the peopie h‘-:-m-;l;';‘- | portunity to elect new members who, balnr in mnnn& with public ment, will repoal the clnuxl. W, :vo ourt can challenge the law, for he no e ot written, fundamental The republic of France resembles the “popular government” of England more than {t does the government of the United States, for ce, too, in overned by a ‘“responsible mints- . kh;r’l:. same ls true of practically ow re s publics growing out of n England the rights of th are oniy " thome which have boen Wwrested from the crown, descending from ebove to the musses, In the United States the rights originate with the people and remain wnn oot sk de e Segnd by 0 the govern: the Constitution, which mo:\tm:o:“_ ple,”" have adopted. The een no precedent to th has e constitutional re- ublic of the United rcl.. Thare tes of Amer- s uo polar star by which fhis tion can . ?5:‘%:: dourse. The peo definftely as- signed certain of their w:u- to un an written _Constitution Brovided definite means for amending that as- natitution signment. Thereby the became thc supreme and fundamental nd. ,The Con titution 19 law of th not * bova the p pressed will of (ho D‘oph themaelves. * Xk % 8 By the Constitution the people ea- tablished a government of three branches—Ilegislative executive and Judictal. In establishing the judi- clary the Constitution decrees that “it shall be vested In one Supreme Court and such Inferior courts a8 may from time to time or- ablial ‘ongress, the d1d not establish the Suprome Court’ To Congress were left the minor de- tails of declding how many members are needed to carry on the Buprem Court’s work, but while it can in- crease the membership it can never reduce the number except by per. mitting vacancies caused by death or resignation to remain unfilled, nor can {t clroumscribe fts constity- :'llul::l .mthm-‘l(y i‘? gedda all judiclal attens coming be or otherwlise. ¥ el T * ¥ % % Senator Borah has introduced a bill requiring that all decisions of the Supreme Court which declare a law of Congress unconstitutional shall be concurred in by seven of the nine members and not by a majority of | five to four. The consensus of opin- fon of lawyers who have expressed opposition to the bill is that it vio- | lates the very essence of the author- ity of the combined justices as vested by the Constitution. n the Su- preme Court is confronted with two iaye—the provision of the Constic tion and conflicting legislati court must decide that the “fundac mental always superior to legislation.” The opponents of the Borah measure state that if Congreas wete to enact & law which required that any declsion of a majority of the \ court should be vold on which coincided against the judg- three, or five against four, Russian Reco Justi; ment of | the ‘collective mind ot the country. SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS the final ucn of ‘would be the dicm- ority In place of &!“..J. “un lgflun dl net derlu nT- then lmx t n- otiier umulnl feguard: s of weliten Considbution. wowd be ustrped by the leglslative body. Then Con- gress would be higher than the fun- damental i ents, can l|n f\lnruno law, the Constitutl no lenger would remain the limit o! legisiative license. * % %x o much has been sald of the action of the Bupreme Court in declding agalnst the censtitutienality of laws that the Impressien is given that such rulings are common and that the Bupreme Court exercises a sort of censorship over Congress, declding what laws are wise and what un- wise, Never has there been any such censorship. The fact ls that in the century and third since the Constitution has n_in existence, with the hundreds and but nine lawe #o ruled out havi been rejected upon w vote of only majority of the court. Usually th rejection has been either upon unani- mous opinfon or with only ons or two justices dissenting. Many laws have been ruled as unconstitutional by the interlor courts, consisting of & single judge, d when euch rulings have nof been appealed by the liti- gants the one dlatrict federal judge or even state judge has erturned the act of Congress. ER I In the House of Representatives a bill similar to the Borah bill has Dbeen Introduced by Representative Frear, except that It goes further and would provide for the recall of justices of the Supreme Court, as well as all other judges. The Constl- tution (Article IIT, section 1) pro-| vides that “judges of both the su- preme and inferior courts shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall at stated times receive for vices & compensation which dlm,lflnllhed during their offic In Bancroft's “History of the Con- stitution” (page 353) that high au- thority say: “But the Constitution retains the means of protecting itself against the errors of partial or interested judgments. In the first case, the force of a judicial opinion of the Bupreme Court, in ®o far as it is irreversible, reaches only the particular case in dispute. * “The court is itaelt inferior and subordinate to the Constitution. It has only a delegated authority, and every opinion contrary to the tenor of its commission s vold, except as o settling the case on trial. “An act of the legislature at Cvarts ance with the Constitution is declared vold; an opinfon of the Supreme Court at variance with the Constitu tion is equally so. * * “A third influence may rise up as the rightful interpreter of this great charter of American rights and ! American powers, in the ‘good sense wiser than the judges selt the w selves; and this may lead either to better instruction of the court or to an amendment of the Constitution * % % Chief Julllco Marshall, the highest authority on the Constitution that ever lived, stated: “It 18 & proposition too plain to be contested that the Constitution con- trols any legislative act repugnant to it, or_that the legislature may alter 0 _Constitution by an ordinary act. + St is emphatically the province | and duty of the jull.lclll department to ll.y ‘what the law i (Coprright, 1024, by Paul V. Golli ! . ition Problem Up Again as Congress Reopens With Congress “back on the job” the controversy over the position |1 taken by Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes toward the present| Russian government again is injected into the limelight. Under the lead- ership of Senator Borah the case of | those who have questioned the au- | thenticity of the Btate Department’s documents showing that the soviet |}, wanted to raise the red flag above the | ‘White House is to be Tully published. Meanwhile, the declarations of both sides are commented on by editors throughout the nation, fully 75 per eent of whom insist that the Hughes policy is the correot on Insisting ¥the people of this coun. try have every desire to be helpful to Russia,” but that “an honest na- tion cannot have any desirable work- ing relations with a nation which has no code of honor or morality,” the Salt Lake City Deserst News holds| that “when soviet Russia comes to| recognise and appreciate the binding power of international relations, [Amerios will join hands with her in lf'\lovlhln and friendliness.” Com- B spias, i 80 v gat gf Hughes will be GII\IM h{ this talk in the Senate”™ h- Al hn:y Knickerbocker-Prees feels try is back of Mr. Hughes Ifl lll luld on this case mumnluu-. reat leader; perso :nve lmpuon oonfl anu in his judg- ment and they are supremely con. fident he dld noOt act until he had comnlo!e acquaintance with the Im u Yet the Balth Ol‘“..ln Mln‘lto ysis, .ewfiman rather than n.ny- tu.mgt ably, ‘ tion, |8 i B thecrics violeatly epposed "ta those which we espouse. LR In the opinfon of the Louisville Courier-Journal the Hughes state- “ment was “blunt and plain,” and en- { tirely warranted by the facts becaune it constituted the “whole case, the case that has cut red Russia from American recognition under Wilson and Harding and will cut it off under Coolldge as lofg. ulit exists un- = Brook! o mc:g-_ mm' e an an o with kid gloves of the old diplomac insists the Philadelphia Bulletin, and “Americars of every olass will feel that the United States has spoken | & tone of peremptoriness that is the | only proper one where the rights or hnnori of Q:; nhlllon is Involved. eeing with this particular peint, the Springfield Unfon argues “the Hughes statements were fine exam- les of straight - from - the - shoulder lplomuy but feel here I8 noth- unreasonable in any of the con- aifiona which were lald down, and on the contrary we could not in honor and decency Selinquish any of them.” And the Birmingham News adds Ythe soviet doctrine for, America is unthinkable” e fact that ny explanation of the reasons be- hlnd the .cflon was eontldored neaes- gTes: gome deliberately dishonest ones. * kX% Summing up the whole case, the Syracuse Herald insists “if Russia Qesires our national friendship it must first prove that it deserves that friendship. There are Americans of note who belleve and declare that commercial self-interest requires us to recognize Russla without condl- tions. But such, we are certain, is not the predominant sentiment of the American people.” Or, put In a line, as the Lafaystte Journal-Courfer @oes, the maxim actually is “Get right and show us that you are right” and recognition will prove easy. The situstion has not changed, in- sists the Boston Transcript, because “It 18 not within our province to pass judgment upon the merits of the government that the Russian peop chooses to sét up over them. It not our funotion to say whether it is & ‘moral’ or an ‘immoral’ govern mment. 1€ soviet Rusela should give practical proof that it proposes to act n decent ernments elsewhere act there would be no question of it recognition by the United State Until such evidence is produced, how- ever, this country cannot hold out its hands in welcome to soviet amba: udor- and consula™ The Springfield Republican ins it will be well to have all of the f: concerning Russia determined. be- cause “the subject matter of aileged communist propag should be -Imhlr“ll! and analyzed in order that the’ tmtn mey be estab~ lished beyond dispute. at-| Survey of Housing In District Is Urged of T the Editor of The Star: “Only two quarts!” exclaimed the |On On&'s man at the pump. “Yes. My wife is learning to run the flivver, and I want to make sure gy, that if it gets away from her it'll stop pretty soon of its own dccord.” : “When a friend axes you foh yoh advice,” said Uncle Eben, “deschances are dat he ain’ lookin' foh nuffin’ but some conversation to pass de time Mosoow Hsrlrd insists the No' York against in Before Congress decides as to the oontinuanes of the Rent Commission an scourats survey should be made of the dwelling houses, rooms and apartments now vacant and for rent. ‘There seems to be no let-up in the amount of bullding. There are many new apartment hou: in all parts of the city and suburbs. ‘In_every directton and in every nntlon thers are for sale many new o{.-) n‘ some u?%’.flf"" ARt mand, b :::dfnh: ”-hqo‘fizé M‘ latur-lnea be~ i|yond doudc or disputs. Y | Mary Jonnston's The Library Table BY THE BOORLOVER Dr. Bdward A. Ross, the distin- guished professer of soclelogy in the University of Wisoonsin and werld traveler, has just added a third to his serles of ‘books on Russis during and since the war. The first, “Russia in Upheaval,” was a soctological study of Internal conditions in Russia dur- Ing the latter half of 1917; the second, “The Russtan Bolshevik Revelutien,” ended with the expulsion of the con- stituent assembly by the belsheviki in Jauuary, 1913; the third, *The Rus- slan Soviet Republic,” recently pub- lished, brings the tale to the close of 1933. The author states that he will not continue the series. He says that “the revolutionary epech in Russia has closed. Nothing of the old se- cial order remains, so that all men's thoughta are bent on reconstruction.” The author twice vieited Russia to study the situation. L The temper of Prof. Ross’ book is indicated by the fact that he ad- mits—aay, proclalms—that he writes in wrath, aati-bolshevika” “I am wroth” he says, “with the forked tongue propa- gandists who, almost from the be- sinning, have hidden Communist Rus- s from the eyes of the world by guveloping it in & Juogle growth of en.” book 1s an attempt to tell the truth about the prement Rus- slan government, as he belleves it t be. The author gives an exceedingly sympathetio sccount of the eoviet | republic, and thinks that it has had anything but a square deal from the rest of the world, Including the United States. ERE None the less, Prof. Roms re- pudiates the communistic economlc systom as mad, In his concluding chapter he say: “One outcome of the Russlan experiment in production on the public account is the vindica- tion of the so-called ‘orthodox’ eco- nomics from the ol followers of unive istic, thought designed to justify the for- tunes of wealthy donors, has been vindicated as a reasoned, honest and trustworthy account of the mo system of production and exchange ana. of “the. Institutional bases on which the whole affair rests. » It seems safe to say that the xuun‘ capitalistic system of pradueuon for profit is now in a securer position than It has been for & generation. LR ) Prof. Ross' final thought I that, in view of the Russian object on in the unworkableness of com- munism, the revolutionary spirit which has spread throughout the world as a result of the war and of the Russian upheaval will every- where fight to make the system of private capitallsm “in very truth serve society—as it professes to do— instead of plotting to dominate and exploit {t” From it he expects “that the oid arrogant labor-crushing type of employer is doomed to come to grief, and that a new, more humane, suave and reasonablo type will come to be representative of capitalists. * ¥ % % The early days of the Virginia colony, which formed the subject of “To Have and to Hold,” “Prisoners of Hope” and udrey,” are again presented to the reader in the author’s ‘recent novel, roatan.” The personages of t.hu romance are the adventurers sent AP Rileign in 1657 e setts Virginia, Virginia Dare, the first | white child born in the group, is the heroine. The Croatan Indiuns were lha friends of these colonists, l.ndl from the name of thelr tribe is taken the title of the book. The rescue of | virginia Dare from Indian captors forms the climax. *xx % The prospects are that “bridge” as a game will soon be as nearly extinct as the horse 18 in transportation. Up- to-dateness now requires that every family own its box of mah-jong, whether In pasteboard or thin ivory, whether costing $5 or $50. Socletles are belng formed to promote knowl- edge of the game, and already these socleties are almost split by disputes over the spelling and pronunciation of the name. There i3 a wide cholce —mah-J« Dnfi ml-chhnx. ma-jung, gheuk an ~chow. A - handbook by Edgar B Wnter! recently pub- lisher, bears the titie ‘Ma-Cheuk.” It describes the f"m minutely and glves variations the Chinese and | American methods of playing. L A post-war novel that has some similarity to Ernest Poole’s “Danger” in its presentation of the effect of ‘War service on nerves and character is Alexander Black’ plucky, red-haired heroine, Jo Ellen, has not been enthusiastic over the ‘war and has done little to help it along, but when Marty comes back iwith a lilmp she cannot bring herselt to refuse to marry him, though she does not really love him. tragio result of Mll’!yl period in France be- comes evident on their dding day, and Jo Ellen courageously takes ub her burden as her share in the war, ger'—Jo Ellen begins to 'ondar if she will be able to carry it indefinitely. She wonders still more and almost ru: from the situation when covers that Marty is not really casualty, but is ’ lmm hll o;:n sins. The ndlnl. like that in can only .f‘&ly t Jo mes '.hronn hero! LR Harry A. Franck has won a wide reputation as & literary tramp, and has furnished pleasure to many read- ers who have some of the instincts of the tramp without the willingness aure the hardahips and a oF tram Tio s mow tn China d in Northe Ch! He has pene- trated the interior with only native guides and native conveyances; has slopt, eaten and lived in native hovels of Kores, Manchuria and Mon; lia, and un- a tale full of interest his own experiences. The volume hu nearly 200 illustrations from photo- graphs. * K K K Two recent translations of forelgn novels by authors of reputation bring to the reader of English excellent pleces of nationalistio reallsm. One |8 1s the Norwegian story, “The Famlly |y at mm, ’roubz the muurvl :‘c Toaen and Bjdrnson. It is .’:mry of domestic life in the 40's, located in the mountain ‘alders. novel I o E Q3 of oll heoyer with the oait Staten, 18 the author Spanish society in its various oh.u L “The Discovery of God" is the title used by Basil King for a volume of biographical sketches of Bible char- acters.. He tries to show that in the of Abraham, J 8 of the nature of Jacob, Moses, miah, Daniel l.nd 5‘“ believes that human fall to realise and important o.c'l»:? Basil but not at bolsheviks or|fs | case |In Great Bri ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q. When was the Terra Cotta ‘wreck?—T. O. A This wreck on the Baltimore and Ohlo rallroad occurred J-nu-ry' 1, 1807, Q. Who was the first governor or mayor of Qeorgetown, D, C.7—J. H. B. A. Georgetown was Incorporated December 25, 1789, and by the act of lnw?ornun Robert Peter was mads t mayor. Q. What has become of the mother .! nn former lulnr of Germanyt—J. A ‘l‘ho mother of the lornnr illnr of Germany died on August 5, | Q. Does Towa have more su: In a year than California?—R. A. The weather bureau says that more sunshine is received, on the whols, In Californla than In Jowsa, although at points along the coa of the first-named state there Is pro ably less than In the latte: Q. Are seals found In the southern hemisphere?—N. L, A. Seals are found on Guadalupe and and the coast of Chile, New and and southern Australia, zouthern coasts of South America and neighboring islands. The northern fur eeal is confined to the north Pa- clfic ocean and Bering sea. Q. What are nhom«kl called by the Japanese?—L. P. A. The Japanese word is hashi. i Q. What are plate marks?—F. H. | A. Plate marks or hall marks are the legal impressions made on watch Jewelry, ] a few exceptions, optional. The plate marks are of four kinds: The stand- | ard or quality mark, tI mark of the F-ruculu office where the assay is | e maker's private merk. Q. Where wers hogs first domesti- cated?—K. M. N. suthorities olaim that swine were domesticated in eastern Asia about 2900 B.C. pean records indicate that dpmestl- cation dates back to about 1500 B.C. Q. Please (lve recipe for orange eggnogg I—N. A. Add one nblenoontul of sugar to one-half cup of orange julce, add beaten egg, pour into a glass filled with cracke Sprinkle with nut- meg. | e Q. Where are t.he olde-t tapestries in the world?—E. A. The oldest of -.u ‘existing tapes- tries are those discovered in the Crimea by Stephani, who believes they were woven In Asla 400 years batan the Christian era. brain as heavy as the male brain?—R. T. A. The human brun 18 heavier in the male than in the female. The average weight of ‘the adult male | brain of the white races of Europe | and America has been estima from forty-nine to fifty ounces, of the female at from forty-thres to forty-five punces. All parts of the central nervous system of males are heavier than corresponding parts. of females. Q. Is the femal | Q. Are street cars on Delancy street, New York city, stlll drawn by horses?—J. L. K. A. The New York Chamber of Com- merce says that there are no more h‘ornvdrl\\n street cars in New York eity. Q. How is wood beat?—F. B. A. The forest service says that in bending wood the steam process is lLighthouses as used. Wood that is used f. 1 or this purposs Js usually lLickory and asi A stralght plece of wood Is steamed thoroughly in lyed steam, then bent over any kind of shape to suit the rpoke and clamped down until ITLa “dead man's hand” | Q. Wha poker?—AL L” although i1y hand’ consisting o ‘2 18 similarly desig n & saving that «, ‘dead man’'s hand” is never beater, but that, of course, not true, as he only hand that fs never beaten 4 that which cannot be beaten . soyet Q Does the Ford Motor Compa: ads, Ltd., produce many ripidd A. The production figures for i first ten months of 1328 are 89452 cars and trucks. The production fig ures for the Detroit plant for the same period are 1,668,810 cars an trucks. Q. What is the size of the Welles ley freshman class?—R. G. lharlshm 402 fresh- s ear there were 434 There have been as many as 1,119 reg- istrants, bLut through a procees ot elimination the number hes been re duced to the present onme, with the expectation of nmklng the' class sti smaller in a fe Q. Who owns the old Lincolis i in Springfield, Il o A. It is the property of the state of Tiiinols. It was presented Lo the st by Robert Todd Lincoln * Q. What Is the alfference betwe, condensed and evaporated i . D ed milk” A. The Department of Agriculture says that condensed and evaporated milk are the same, in #o far as they consist of milk evaporated to one- third or ome-fourth of its bulk. Tha condensed milk, however, also con- talns sugar, Q. Who wers the Men” and from what country did v.ney come?—E. F. H. - The three wise men who visited the ‘infant Jesus at Nazareth, accord. “Thres Wise {ing to tradition, were thres kings of provinces In_ Persia. Their names were Gaspar, Melchoir and Balthazzar. Q. What was the original name of Col;l)mbu!s ship the Santa Maria? A. The old weather-beaten given to Columbus by the town of Palos was first called La Gallega. She was seventy-one feet three inches long, her beam was twenty- five feet elght inches, the depth of her hold was twelve feet five inches. E Q. Deseribe Angor: y ol e gora and Persia A. The Angora cat came originall: from Angora and has a small head and rather large tufted ears; the long siky hair should hang in tufts and c s, shortening toward tho end of the tail. The colors are varied, but black and dark slate colored ones with orange eyes, or blues and white with light eves, are most val- ue coarser and increases toward the end of the long tail. The color may be al- most any, but deep black with oran eyes i3 preferred; blue is t best color. (If you have & question you want answered send it to The Star infor- mation Burean, Frederio J. Haski director, 1220 North Capitol street. The only charge this service is 2 ounts in .mmps for return poat- age. Memorial To Italy’s Sailor Dead in War BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. ‘While nearly every town and vii- lage in Europe has erected memorlals of one kind or another in honor of the soldiers who fell in the great war, Italy enjoys the distinctlon of being the first of the nations who took part in the conflict to commemorate the heroiem and sacrifice of life of their sallors by means of the erection of lighthous The funds for-these particularly appropriate monuments are belng raised by a committee com- posed of the leading Italian admi- rals and officers of every rank repre- senting the naval service, together with a picked number of army gen- erals and statesmen. Thus far $600,- 000 h been subscribed and by way of beginning three great light- houses of the purest white marble, 80 to 100 feet high and Roman in style, are In the course of being erected at the most conspicuous &nd useful points of the coast, dominat- ing the Adriatic, the Tyrrhenian and the Tonian geas. * The very powerful lights are to be electric and will cast their rays through the bars of an ancient bronze “gra” or altar. It is intended to dot the whole coast line of the Itallan peninsula, of Siclly and of Sardinia with memorial lighthouses of this kind, and inasmuch as their lights to warn vessels from To “cioge “Gpproach to dangerous shoals and rocks and, therefore, t. ve life, they may be regarded a far more useful memorials to the sailor dead than mere crosses, and more or less elaborate pleces of stat- uary. ll cannot, however, be sald that the {dea is altogether a new one. Some fifty years or more ago the old Mar- quise de Blocgueville, only daughter and heiress of one of the first Na- famous commande h muhland and Duke of Auerstadt, be- queathed at her death a large sum of money to the French government for the construction and maintenance of the finest lighthouse at Penmarch on the dangerous and storm-beaten coast of Finistere, which has been the acene of so many maritime disasters, and has often been described as the graveyard of shi ‘The lighthouse, known to Seafaring men throughout or the o1d marshal, has an slectric auick fluh. proloctxnr TAYs over the I:l distance of som xty miles, like- 'Ila is equipped with a very power- tul fog horn, worked by compressed alr, and i8 a beacon which has been instrumental in saving many tho sands of 1ives and many hundreds of ships during the past half century. c rainly " constivutes ' far beitor memorial of the group h wn followed By several om; ‘hlmllhl":our;eld der rel o o first e ore 'ars today at lsast half & down‘l’:= ::;‘:- nd w--onornm of torl the great paladl First ltnvll\ bearing the y and Brittany mel’"“_ of the L All the negotiations which were in- stituted on the death of the last Mai quis of Ripon, a few months ago, for the purchase of the matchless ruins of Fountains Abbey, in Yorkshlre, with a view to their being transferred to the United States for reconstruc- tion there amid analogous environ- ment in one of the most picturesque gofllnnl of the Hudson valley, have een mv thanks to the action of o thors iang with .‘. el 01 land ..‘n which they stand and the w fl?“ e ln-l. 50 88 huwun along the coasts of | prope to,Drevent theic removal across the Atlantic and in order to preserve them as one of the most beautiful f.",:'g h‘:ll:\'\'\ed m‘emgrllln of old Eng- e ear! orma - Bgenct et y n and Plan e late Marquis of Ripon, al- though Possessed Of a very remark able knowledge and taste for paint ings and bric-a-brac, seems to ha: been totally unimpressed by the love liness, the religious atmosphere and by the sacred character of the Foun tains Abbey rufn: sk fold to the highest bidder and the proceeds added to the residue of hix Immense fortune, which at his death was yielding hlm an_Income of nearly two million dollars. Lord Ripon when showing the visitors around the ruine was wont to remar! “This is all hnt“ remains of the Q\)ulh sea bub- ble” thereby recalling the manner in which his family came into possessior of the abbey or when his ancestor. John Alslable, after having, whil chancellor of the exchequer, bromot and jockeyed through parliament the bill for lha enterprise eventually known as *“the South sea bubble,™ which, according to him, was destined to enable the government to liquidate and to pay off the national debt brought the concern to terrible grief, involving the people in wholesal: ruin, he retired after a few months' detention as a prisoner of state in the Tower of London, to his country Yorkshire seat, known as Studle Royal, where he devoted himself 1o landscape gardening, incidentally using a considerable sum of monex which he had saved from the wreck of the South sea bubble to acquire by purchase the neighboring Fountain« Abbey estate and the ruins, from thi desoendants of Henry VIII's friend, Sit Richard Gresham. x x ok X The Marquir of Ripon divided his big fortune into two parts, two-thirds of it going to his cousin, the former lovely Violet Vyner, who after the dis- solution of her union to the thor- oughly discredited Earl of Rosslyn 4ave her hand in marriage to Charles Jarrott, now a wealthy motor mag- nate, but whose only claims to public notice in those days was his amateur motor champlonship and the fact that he had won the Gordon Bennett auto- mobile race in 1803. The remalning third of Lord Ripon « fortune went to his other cousin, Mrs Jarrott’s sister, widow of the late Lord Alwyne Compton, at one time & frequent visitor to the United States. She had already inherited the bulk of the fortune and the Lincolnshire and Yorkshire estates of her father, old Squire Robert de Grey-Vyner, who had left them to her on the under- standing that they should pass at her death to her second son, them Mid- shipman Clare Compton of the royal navy, it being provided that he should on entering into possession of the rty assume the name and the armortal bearings of the Vyners, in stead of his own patronymic of Comp- ton. Old Squire Vyner made no pro. vision for Lady Alwyne's eldest son, Edward Compton, as the latter was next in the line of succession to the peerages and extensive estates of his cousin, the uis of Northampton. Lady Alwyne, being already a very' rich woman, soon turned over thg bulk of her father's property to he youngest son, Clare, who thereupon retired from the navy and settled down to the care and udministration of his big territorial possessions. Be- ing, therefore, very rich and unwiil ing to allow the ruins of Fountainiy Abbey to pass into the hands of strangers, probably for conveyance to America, he has purchased them fo: @ large sum, in ord.: ‘hat they might be preserved as a national monument il‘ landmark, y i