Evening Star Newspaper, December 31, 1923, Page 5

s + . . wime - SOVIET RESOGNITION BY FRANCE LOOMING Moscow Reported to Have Acoepted 4 Paris Basis for Nego- tiations. POLAND IS LEFT ISOLATED Military Pact With Csechs Alarms | Warsaw. BY CONSTANTINE BROWY, Ty Radio to The Star and the Chicago Daily X opyright, 1022 RLIN, December 31.—The excite- ment which prevailed Friday and aturday in German official circles was due less to the announcement of | signature of a military convention between France and Czechoslovakia than to the fact that soviet and ¥rench Pourparler: stage where a Russian and French treaty is considered only ,a question of week . According to informants in close touch with the Berlin soviet delega- tion, discussions have been going on between Krestinsky, the sovfet repre- | sentative here, and Margerie, the French ambassador, since November 16, when Margerie informed Krestin~ sky that France was willing to rec- ognize the soviets as the legal gov- ernment of Russia and was ready to facilitate the floating of a substan- tial loan in the Paris market 4n ex- change for the following: First, rey suition by the soviets of all pre- r and war debts, the amounts to be cstablished by a mixed mission; see- at no communist propaganda ulated in France, and, third, ccognition of private property in Hussia. at least as far as foreigners were concerned. . Favored in Moscow. According to German sources, these terms were transmitted to Moscow and, to everybody's great astonish- ment, Krestinsky was instructed last Wednesday to tell the French that these terms may form the basis of discussions. According to the same our simultaneously with politi- al pourparlers, discussions were en- d between the soviets and a French-Belgian company for the con- cession of Immense coal and other mines in the Donetz basin. Be the war the French' com- van rivoy Fog" had been working in that district but was compelled to abandon the work when the soviet regime was established in Russia. 0w a company has been formed with majority of the former sharehold- ers of Krivoy Fog and it is engaged in discussions with the soviets for what is called the most important sions the soviets ever granted. May Return Concessions. tion of returning to | pre-war concessions s participation should d only to giving it a pref- erential price over other competi- tors in purchasing raw or finished Products from the compa When the co ondent pointed out 1o German officials as well as mem- bers of the communist party that such a treaty was preposterous since it would mean the negation of all the principles for which so much Dblood had been shed, it was maln- tained that both sources of informa- tion were absolutely correct. It is argued in German official cir- ! cles that France realizes that as soon as the new government comes into office in England, be it labor or liberal, the first act will be to offi- ecially recoguize the soviets. On the other hand, it is known that Italy will recognize Russia within the next few months. Seeks 10 be Firat. In order to forestall her former allies and obtain better terms, France decided to recognize the bol- st regime as soon as possible, As for Russia, German communists assert that even now the soviets con- sider treaties scraps of papers. It is | essential, however, for the Moscow i government to obtain first French | recognition, for two important rea- sons. One only redu is that th realize that the important European factor for Russla’s development is Great Britain and in the coming discussions with that country they want to have trump cards in hand. Recognition by France, the bitterest enemy of the sovfets, would give them an immense advan- tage over the English and for that is probable that the soviets ept partialy the French have reached the | “Banana’ Song Belied; 45,093,892 Bunches . Used by U. S. in 1923 Although the popular song of the summer told us we had e . banamas, there must have been & plentitude’ of the frult at some period of 1822, for every person in the United States consumed two-fifths of a bunch of bananas during the year, the Department of Commerce announced today. Perhaps there was a shortage, but the year showed no shortage of bananas, the United States import- ing 45,093,892 bunches valued at $19,145,911. . At the same time we spent $51.- 39 for Imported diamonds in tht rough and uncut state, while milady's neck was amply provided for in the importation of unstring pearls valued at $8.580,520. o Art works valued at $26,989,083 were imported imo the country during 1922. Of these,-products of American aritists, admitted free of duty, were valued at $246,095. LEAGUE PHYSICIANS INDORSE DRY LAWS Group of European Docto: Prohibition Has Benefitted American Health. HAD TOURED COUNTRY | Considerable Keluctance Shown in | Publishing Views. By the Associated Press. GENEVA, December 31.—Physicians Tepresenting Great' Britain, Jugosla- via, Belgium, Poland and Norway went on record at the health experts' mee ing at Geneva as saying that prohib tion was proving a success in the United States, according to a state- ment by Dr. Ludwig Rajchman, direc- tor of the health organization of the league of nations. A score of these physicians, includ- ing Russians and Germans, have been meeting in Geneva to compile the re- sults of their investigation, which be- gan at Washington and covered sthe | scuthern states. as part of a plan to | determine in all countries. Dr. Rajchman said that the meetings were private he did not be- lieve it fair to give the names of the group which, after visiting America, reported prohibition working we it might- prevent freedom of dis sion in the future. There are evidences in some league circles today of divided views re- garding the wisdom of the league's giving publicity ‘to the experts de- liberations. This is based on the fear that the opinion might arise in the Tnited States that the medical ex- perts would have done better to keen off the subject, which is a topic of domestic debate. Report Is Guarded. Dr. Rajchman, who was present at all the meetings, declined to disclose the name of the delegate making th report. He said it was approved 1 five other delegates of the countries mentioned. “As a matter of fact,” he continued. “there was_a general debate on pro- hibition. No vote was taken. be- cause our exchanges of views are al- ways informal. Five other delegates seemed rather doubtful about pro- but it would not be fair to what countries they repre- health conditions as hibition, specify sented. “I am not clear whether their re- marks referred more to the effects of prohibition in the United States of to the practicability of applying prohibi- tion to their own countries.” In conclusion he said the experts went to the United States, not to criticize, but to learn, and the general report to be made to the health or- ganism of the league would be on the question “have they benefitted by their American trip? From Medieal Viewpolnt. According to the statement given out by the information section of the league, one group of European phy- sicians studied prohibition in the United States, especially from a medical standpoint. They reported public health conditions in that country improved by the dry regime; they sald the prohibition' law was terms, War With Poland. The other reason. according to% Scandinavian - &erman communists very recently returned from Russia, | is that there is a strong desire in that country to settle the still ex- isting misunderstanding with Poland by arms without involving other western nations. For that reason it is believed that Russia is willing to secure, at a price, France's neutral- i Official annouricement of the Czecho- slovak-French military convention caused considerable excitement in lo- cal Polish’ quarters. Czechoslovakia, whose unfriendly feelings toward Po- Jand are well known, is considered a bridge toward a Russian-French un- derstanding, eventually, at Poland’s cxpense. Polish newspapers reaching Berlin today are unanimous in_stat- ing that the conventioh isolatés Po- land completely, leavin® her to the mercy of her,enemies since France's attitude indicates that she is going to withdraw her protection from the young state, POSTPONE ‘INVISIBLE’ OCCUPATION OF RUHR Franco-Belgian Authorities “First to Watch Effect of Plan in Germany. ' a | | By the Associated Pr ; PARIS, December 31.—Regrouping of the Franco-Belgian troops in the Rubr in accordance with the “invis- tble occupation” plans, has been postponed instead of having been progressively carried out from ‘the 10th of December in conformity with the program announced at the the agreement between the Franco-Belgian authorities and the German state railroads in the occu- pied territory was signed. The rea. son glven in official circles is that ‘the authorities of occupation are waiting to see how the agreement works before carrying out the full reduction program. Some Slight Reductions. There have been s¢me slight re- ductions in both the French and Bel- gian_armies in the Ruhr by granting of Christmas holiday leave, but , the troops withdrawn from certain. of the Ruhr centers have not left the occupled territory, and are held in close proximity to that district in cage of further trouble. Those who remain are as “visible” as ever. The original “invisibility” plans have not been abandoned, however, according to French officials. “We are continuing our regroup- ing plan,” said a French spokesman, “but we cannot talk too much about effective reductions until. the mans carry out the agreements al- ready signed and make certain others.” ‘The first woman in the south to adopt Journalism as a profession was Bliza. J. Nicholson, who in 1874 became lit- emary e(llmie one of the leading news- papers of Orieans. “when the present generation. died fout and a new generation comes with- out a taste for liquor, then prohibi- tion will be demonstrated as success- ful.” ’ They explained that it was not fair to judge the result at the end of a few years, but that it would be neces- sary to wait two score or three score years, when, they believed, “the great American experiment would culmi- nate in victory.” ESTABLISH VILLAGES FOR GREEK REFUGEES League Commission Members Get- ting Homeless Families JBack on Land. By the Associsted Press. SALONIKI, December 31.—The. ar- rival in Salonik{ of Henry Morgen- thau, former United States ambassa- dor to Turkey, as chairman of the refugee settlement commission of the league of nations, has officially opened the greatest project of re-establish- ing a homeless refugee population that probably ever has been under- taken. With John Campbell of Great Britain, the second member of the commission, Mr. Morgenthau made & brief survey of refugee conditions in Saloniki and adjacent territories, af- ter which the two commissioners pro- ceeded to Athens to confer with the government and start drafting plans for the agricultural settlements which the league has authorized in its loan of $25,000,000 to Greece. At the present time hundreds of thousands of refugees are crowded into Saloniki, Macedonia anll western Thrace, dependent upon government doles and what feeding: can be given by British and American relief or- ganizations. The Immediate purpose 9f the commission is to establish the agriculturalists among them upon the untilled lands of Macedonia and west- ern Thrace. This involves a scientific | estimate of the nature of soils, th division of the refugees into group: such as wheat, tobacco and vine culti- vators for assignment to various dis- tricts, and the providing ‘of houses, barns, live stock, implements an seeds ‘which will enable them to get into production. 5 The commission will follow the Rus- sian system of building villages ad- jolning agricultural iands. Each get- tlement will consist of about 2,000 acres. Houses will be constructed and tools and seeds supplied. Land, buildings and - equipment will ulti- mately be offered for sale to the ten- ants on the installment plen of pay- ment. Mr. Morgenthau believes such loans will be repaid in tra17 twelve to fifteen years. It is hoped that agricultural banks may, in the future, relieve the com- ‘mission by handling a portion of the land contracts. . Later efforts will be made to interest foreign capital in the drainage of the Strouma and Var- dar valleys, which would result in the reclamation of large areas of ex- tremely fertile land. No distinction has been made between Greek and other Anatolian refugees in. drafting the plans of these refugee settlements. ments. rs Find | CuPied by Dr. Joseph C. Robbins of - America pleage broken frequently, but declared that ! CCLLEGE MEN START MOVE AGAINST WAR - Pacifist Resolution to Go Before Convention of Student Volunteers. 754 |OBJECTIONS ARE FORESEEN | About 7,000 Delegates Expected to Vote. k h By the Awsociated Press, | , INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., December 31 { A move to enlist college students in a nationwide campalgn against war was launched yesterday' at a 1 meeting of some 400 delegates to. the | international convention of the Stu- {dent Volunteer Movement. More than {7.000 delegates representing about {1,000 colleges and universities in America and numerous foreign in- | stitutions. are attending the conven- | tion sessions. Over the objection of the chair, oc- w York, a meeting “to discuss the neans of outlawing war” was an- {nounced. The discussion group ap- {proved by a large majority a recom- i mendation that the convention as a | whole go on record against war. | Bight participants in the'discussion {refrained from voting. | Adopt Rewolution. The question before the discussion group was: “Should the ‘students of themselves on No- vember 11, 1¥24, to refuse thence- forth 10 aid in the prosecution of war either directly or indirectly? - Many who dttended the session de- clared” the question would' be pre- sented in the student round table gatherings tomorrow with the sug- gestion that the matter be placed be- fore the entire gathering at its final session Tuesday. Following the announcement of the meeting from the convention floor, Chairman Robbins declared that, the matter had previously been present- ed before the business committee which had decided that *no more meetings should be crowded into this convention than already are provided for in_the program: 3 Dr. John R. Mott, general secretary of the international committee of the Y. M. C. A, addressing the morn- ing session today, urged the students to inteyest themselveg in world | problem: * “I hope the day will never come,” he said, “svhen 'we will not have clusters’ of students like some of those I see here, who will go back 1to the colleges and espouse unpopular {causes, and stand by them until they become popular.” i Y. Tsu, profescor of theology . ‘John's 'University, Shanghal, China, who was the speaker at the evening session, told of the develop- ment of the Christian missionary en- terprise in China. Communicant members of the church now number more than 375,000, and more than 6,000.000 Chinese children are being educated i Christian schools, he sa 1 {MILK SICKNESS CAUSE ! FOUND-BY SCIENTIST Disease That Killed Lincoln’s Mother Traced to Common Weed in Pasture. |2 { { | By the Associated Press. | CINCINNATI, Ohio, December 91— The science of living things had its day today at the convention of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. Mathemati- cians, physicists and anthropologists completed their group meetings Sat- urday 'and today zoologists, botanists anad entomologists”took up their dis- cussions of plant and”animal life. Dr. C. Dwight Marsh, physiologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, told botanists of the dis- covery of the cause of an age-old di ease, “milk sickness,” which affects man and animals alike. A small weed knewn as white snakeroot has been responsible for the malady, which has predailed in the central states for about a century, and which, according to historical records, was responsible for the death of Abraham Lincoln's mother. Cattle became af- fected by the disease through eating the weed, experiments have shown, and supposedly transmit it to man through their milk. Rain Lack Crops Foe. Crop damage from lack of rainfall, {contrary to general belief, is almost ifive times as great as that done by myriads of insects, which obtain sus- tenance from.plant life, according to Dr. R. L. Weber of the North Dakota | Agricultural College. Over a period of fourteen years deficiency in mois- ture caused 12.1 per cent of‘the crop losses, while only 2.5 per cent was attributed to ipsects. While ‘dry weather of itself is the direct cause for heavy losses, it also increases the damage done by Insects, and climatic conditions, too, have their effect upon the work of the jnsects. Plants, like men, grow old and are attacked by senile degeneration, i botanists learned from Dr. Harris M. Benedict of Cincinnati University. The sequola tree lives = thousand years or more before senility at- tacks it, while annual plants go through the same process of life and finally degeneration in a short time, he sald. Botany is valuable, par- ticularly to horticulturalists, he de- clared, because through it they may discover when senility attacks bear- ing trees. Sees Food Increase Method. Application of. genetics to agricul- ture and the improvement of plants by scientific breeding might increase the. world food supply 25 per cent, agriculturists were told at the single group meeting yesterday. Other sec- tions of the organization utilized the day for relaxation after three days of discussions of scientific problems trom ‘early morning until Iste last night. . Through genetics, the agriculturists were told by Dr. Herbert K. Hayes of the University of Minnesota, new fypes of plants immune to fungu: other diseases which lower. the yield may be evolved and types selected which are suitable to varied climatic and other conditions. While many things aiready are’ nowr;“r:lnnun proper bre ng of new ins proper, selection-of ‘types for various purposes, it will require years of study and trial before the science has reached its height. > Sessions. will “continue througl, ‘Wednesday. < Watercress a Valusble Food. From the Britjsh Medica) Journal. Scrurfield urges: the :greater use dt watercreas, which .contains all three vitamines, as & food. ‘atercress is a cheap green vegetable which, like lettuce, is eaten nnrnnnd by cool ing, but which, unlike lettuce, is available all the year round. ' Its more extended use may, therefore, be ‘an appreciable help' in remedying dle- tary errors caused by urbanization. : EASRE TS Ry vl ly Speaking. ’ From the Chicago Phoenix. s “And when shall you réturn from your tour, in thrée months or 507 - “In thred months or so_physicall; but in three years or so financially. ‘excel in the de- and learnjng, | | | | { i { i i i It ts honorable to | sire for knowledse an Luecresia and Josephine Hutehinson as Franeesca in NAVAL LIMITS FIXED _FOR SMALL POWERS League Subcommission Seeks to Extend 'Washington Policy. to Whole World. MAY INVITE U. S. T0 PARLEY Tentative Maximum Is 81,000 Tons for Signatories. By the Ascaciated Press.” NEVA, December 31.—The naval | sub-commission of the league of na- tions, in connection with the two proposed conferences to secure world wide extension of the principles of the Washington naval treaty, has framed a tentative convention lay- ing down the capital ship limitations for the principal powers that did not sign the Washington accord. This draft, which is in the hands of: the ihterested governments, will serve’as a basis of ‘discussion at the meeting of the naval experts of the vowers, which the 'league is trying to convoke in a manner whi¢h will insure the presence of Russia. Tounage In Prescribed. The experts, in theis turn, will pass on the results of their delibera- tions to'the second and more general conference. which will be summoned subsequently. Article four of chapter one of the tentative convention de- clares that the total capital ship re- placement tonnage shall not exceed in standard displacement the follow- ing for the various countries: Ar- gentina, 81,000 tons; Brazil,. 45,000; ,000; Denmark, 13,000, Greece, i The Netherlands, 26,000; Nor- way, 16,000; Spain, 81,000; Sweden, 2,000. This article is followed by a note, explaining that Article four, wes drafted in strict accordance with the principal of the status quo and add- ing: “Nevertheless a majority of the members of the naval sub-commis- sion feel bound to call the attention of the council of the league to the resulting inequality between the re- spective naval forces of the three South American states, Argentina, Brazil and Chile, whereas from a technical and general consideration of the circumstances of these states, they consider they should logically have equivalent naval forces, the total tonndge in capital ships re- maining, however, below §0,000.” Where to Meet Problem. The league is struggling with the problem of where to hold this con- ference. Its officials say that the league has nothing ‘to do with the reasons for Russia’'s refusal to come to Switzerland; they deem this a po- litical matter outside the domain of the league, whose sole-objective is to obtain the presence qf Russia, which is considered vital to the success of the conference; hence the sugges- tions to convene elsewhere. Private, but not official, discussions haye been held as to whether the United States should be invited to the second general conference. It Is pointed out that the other great pow- ers which signed the Washington treaty will be present, because they are members of the league, and the question has arisen as to whether the United States, as the only other great naval power, should not be invited in the interest of the conference's suc- cess. CONDITIONS IN SAAR IMPROVING SLOWLY Report to League of Nations Says All Causes for Anxiety Are Not Removed. By the Associated Press. GENEVA, December 31.—Satisfac- tory from some points of view, the economic and social ‘situation of the Saar walley territory causes amxiety from others, according to a report re- cefved by the league of nations from the governing commission of the dis- trict. The Saar valley, which extends along the Franco-German frontier, was handed over to the league for control during a period of years after which the inhabitants by a plebiscite will decide their future political status. The commfission reports that the territory ‘is graduaily recovering from the effects of the miners’ strike and that there is a large increase in the gross yleld from the mines. However, the territory .as a whole has not' regained its prosperity, th situation being aggravated by co; tinual difficuities in transport to the east, by the scarcity of certaln raw materials, and by the rise in the cost of living which began in August. Sul.:o. ’l‘n‘i the French lrl‘l: I:;l bfl“‘ only c cy o trict. replacing the German mark. The effort of the governing com- lon to prevent exploitation of the currency reform at first succeeded, but In Augiist and September a some- ‘what alarming increase in the cost of living set in, the main causes being the rarity of cre ‘difficulties in obtaining sup) e enormous rise Sidenteg use oF The Foid unit for the ening use of the unit for the establishment of prices. Howeyver, prices are now lower than in Ger- many. 'l'l‘u eommlld" ';ngllmmd measures to deal 3 n tende l.ll’llhvi circles. Comj of results of & census taken last year shows that the tofal Saar population is 713,105. The sur- face of the territory is 188,069 square flometars: ¢ i e commissioners express belief that th _be_able to cope with the m bt the cost of living and eventually ‘succeed in balancing the | ! | Head Players 4 CONVICTS TUNNEL WAY OUT OF ATLANTA ‘Dig Fifty Feet to Freedom Through Narrow Passage Under Walls. BELIEVED NEAR MACON Excavating Under Way for About | Two Months. ‘ i By the Associated Press | ATLANTA; Ga. December 31.—In the most sensational jail delivery in the history of the Atlanta fedcral penitentiary, four convicts, one a partner of Gerald Chapman, million- dollar mail bandit, are at liberty after having wormed their way to frecdom through a narrow fifty-foot tunnel which ran under the concrete wall eneircling the prison, late yes- terday. Of the quartet the most notorious of the fugitives is George Anderson, who* was serving a twenty-five-year | sentence for participating in the $1,000,000 New York mail robbery for which Chapman was convicted. Three of the men were thought egrly today to be in hiding near Macon, Ga. Three suspects iwere seen to alight from the Royal Palm, a tourist train, 'as it neared the city early this morning after a signal tower man here saw them swing on board the tender of the train near the penitentiary early last night. Crimes of Comviets. With Anderson were Hiram Lepper. fifty, sentenced in Baltimore i 1914 for ffteen years; Ludwlg Schmidt, & German sailor, sentenced in Roches- ter, N. Y., for ten years for mail rob- @nd Frank Haynes, sentenced Chattanooga, Tenn, for eighteen months. 3 The tunnel, barely large enough to admit passage of a human body, was found to lead from the center of & small tent in the prison tubercular zone to a point fifty, or more feet away, and outside the big’stone wall. Move Dirt in Buckets. The wardens and guards were at a loss to know how the prisoners conveyed the enormous quantity of loose dirt from the tunnel to a freshiy graded spot sev- enty-five feet away from the tent, but thought that the passage had been in Dprocess of excavation for perhaps two months, and the dirt had been smug- gled to’ the site in buckets. A small shovel and a lighted miner's lamp were found by officials in the tun- nel near the exit. Entrance ta the tunnel was through a trapdoor, which had been constructed in the wooden floor of the tent. Under the trapdoor was a drop of eight feet through a hole three feet square, in the gides of which had been dug out small steps. Then the passage ran horizontally to thq wall, where it curved down.under the foundation until the> eight-foot thickness of the wall was passed, and then went straight up alongside the wall to daylight. ‘The quartet ‘are though to have es- caped between 3 and 4 o'clock. Their absence was not discovered un- til after the 5 0'clock check-up. JOBS FOR VETERANS ASKED BY PRESIDEN Urges Labor Federation and Com- merce Chambers to Pro- 3 vide Places. i | i President Coolldg has called tpon the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, the American Federa- tion of Labor and the chambers of commerce in all larger cities to help provide jobs for rehabilitated vet- erars of the world war. This Was made public today by the Vetérans' Bureau In giving out texts of ietters by the President to Julius H. Barnes of the United States Chamber of Commerce, and to Samuel Gompers of the Federation of Labor. Referring to the good that has already been accomplished, the Presi- ent says: , “There is still much to be accompiished for the - mately 70,000 who are still in train- ing and Who are to become ready for employment at the rgte of about 3,000 per month. Assistance is asked in placing these men and women in employment _inimediately following their rebabilitation, and in following up such employment with a view to making it continuous. Changes in Stations of Army and Navy Officers Of Interest to Capital ARMY. Maj. G. H. McCoy, fleld artillery st Indianapolls, Ind., has been detailed to duty with the Tennessee National Guard at Murfreesboro; Capt. L D. Offer, 24th Fleld Artillery, with the Ohjo National Guard at Cleveland; Sergt. Bradley Egan, fleld artillery, at Fort Adams, R. I, with the New. Hampshire Natlonal Guard at Man- chester, -and - Sergt. Wil Burns, with the New Jersey National Guard at East Orange. 7 Maj. J. F. Roohan, Medical Corps, has been transferred from Fort Sher- idan, IIL,. to the proving ground, | Aberdeen, Md.: Lieut. 1. L. S, ppelear, -adjutant general, from ‘Philippines to San netseo; 1st Lieut. W. M. agan, air service, from Langley Field, Va. to the Phil ippines. J { PHechntcal Sergt. David ' Maxweil, lsl,.nu Corps, at, Fort Benjamin Har- rison, Ind., and Private Ossie O. Bur- roughs at Fort Myer, Va,, have been p}’u:-d on the retired list on account of age, it 37 SHIPS IN YEAR GO DOWN IN PACIFIC Heroism Marks 1923 at Sea When 145 Lives Are Lost in ‘Wrecks. HONDA TRAGEDY WORST {one Vessel Vanished With Sixtys Eight on Board. | Special Dispateh to The Star. SAN FRANCISCO, December 31.— | The year just ending'will live long in the memories of seafaring men on {this coast as a year of many turbu- lent storms and .an unusual number of marine disasters with heavy death tolls. In the last twelve months the Pacific, belying its name, has rolled up a total of 238 major accidents. In thirty-seven of them vessels have been sent to tlie bottom or dashed to Dits on jagged rocks. The death toli was 145. Included in the lomg list was ahmost every variety of sea calamity that has ever been recorded. Big liners have collided far from land; cargo fires have raged for days betweensdecks while vessels sped for ports some- times a thousand miles away; wind Jjammers and fumber schooners have had sails, rigging and masts swept away by howling gales: even huge passenger ships, supposedly safe in the worst of storms, have come limp- ing into port with steering gear or propellers shattered by terrific seas. Record of Herolsm. Almost every disaster recorded has been productive of its feats of hero- ism. The immutable law of the sea, “women-and children first,” has been enforced a score of timés. Some time there will be written into a classic of the sea the story of the American captain of the Japanese liner Shin- kuku Maru, who, with a ninety-mile gale raging off the coast of Alaska on November 24, managed to save all his 900 passengers and his crew. be- fore he finally quit his vessel as it was being pounded to death on the rocks. Matetial for another such classic is provided by the ten members of the crew of the schoomer C. A. Smith, wrecked off Coos Bay, Ore Decemb 17, who refused to leave their doom- ed vessel because a crippled radio operator could not go with them, and who perished in & futile effort to rescue him, The most spectacular wreck of the vear occurred at La Honda on Se tember S when seven American d stroyers, steaming at full speed in a dense fog, crashed onto the sub- merged reefs which have claimed many vessels in the last two decades. Twenty-nine enlisted men pald the forfeit of =omebody’'s blunder. and all seven destroyers were rendered total wrecks. 'On the same night the captain of the liner Cuba, which smashed on to the same reefs with 168 passengers. performed such o feat as is usually {encountered only in fiction, when he landed passengers and crew safely amid glant combers, and then refused for forty-eight hours to leave his vessel. Vanishes at Sea. One of the mysteries of the sea was the loss of the steamer Swift Star last August, somewhere between Los Angeles and Colon. All that was ever found of the vessel,and her passenger and crew list of sixt elght was an ice box with a dead seu- man still clinging toit. ¢ A somewhat similar tragedy was the foundering of _the barkentine Amy Turner in mid-Pacific during a_typhoon last March. The captain, his wife and nine members of the crew perished. Four others, who put off in the vessel's only lifebat. were picked up a week later—all raging maniacs. One of the most spectacular. but not most - danger-fraught, of collisions at sea was the crash off the Canadian coast last July between fhe Shipping! Board steamer Henderson, carrying the iate' President Harding and his party, and a naval destroyer. The Henderson was_practically uninjured, but the de- stroyer had a hard time making port. Accidents of Year. Other outstanding sea accidents of the year included: Ramming of the steanier Ranier. oft Port Angeles, Wash., by the Japanese liner Mandason Maru. Tha Japanese commander towed the Ranier to safety, although his own vessel had been badl damaged and was leaking. Disabling of the steamer Bessie Dollar during a heavy, gale. The steamer Pomona went to her aid and held her fhead into the storm until she could be repaired. Sinking’ of the tug Tyee with four of her crew off Everett, Wash., the night of December 24, Heroic figure in more than a score of ship rescues, she went down with a loss of four while speeding to a disabled vessel. Grounding of the big steamer Pres- ident Jackson during a typhoon off i the Philippines last June; vensel and 1,200 passengers saved. On August 19 the Shipping Board steamer President Grant raced into San Francisco port with a fire raging in her hold. The flames had been dis- covered four days before, and her crew fought them as she sped for shore. On September 11 the steam- ship American rustied back to San iPedro harbor with a two-day-old fire | in her hold. It did $210,000 damage before it was extinguished. GUARDSMEN QUELL ARKANSAS RACE RIOT Negro Seriously Wounded and Eleven Others Arrested as Killing Aftermath. One By the Ausoclated Press. FORT ‘H, Ark., December 31.— Quiet prevalled today in the Catcher commanity, twenty. miles from here, where a race riot late yesterday re- sulted in the serious wounding of one negro and the arrest of eleven oth- ers as the aftermath of the killing last Friday of' Mrs. Robert Latimer. Ten of the negroes arrested are in jail at Van Buren on charges of night-riding. The eleventh prisoner chargéd with having held up a Party of white men with a Distol. The two negroes, Spurgeon Ruck and William_ Bettis, charged with killing_Mrs. Latimer were in jail at Little Rock. National machine gunners quelled the riot at Catcher yesterday. The ten negroes held on night-riding charges. were barricaded in a log cabin when the en reached the ecene. They surrendered only when the troope trained's machine gun on their etronghold. The riot followed mob demonstra- tion at the jalls here and at Van Buren Saturday when BSeveral hun- dred men attempted to lynch Ruck and Bettia One mob formed at Van Buren Saturday afternoon and dis- persed only after they found the men had been spirited away. Two hours later & crowd formed here and threat- ened to storm. the Sebastian county GAXe s oof s Sonle Sneid nk W 8D nen 2 held the :nab in_check, pleading' with the ‘men to permit the law to take its course. 'Ne crowd finally dis- persed early yesterday. Mrs. Latimer, twenty-four years old, was clubbed gbout the head and shot in the back. ¥ ARREST 15 COMMUNISTS. /. BOLOGNA, Italy, December 31. Fifteen communist have been ar. -rested here in a raid on arrested inciude Signor Nenot, divec: tor of e s0¢! mewspaper Avanti, and ty Fabel. . Many documents were selze h Phya Buri Nayarasth, the minister from Siam is a champion tennis play- er and during his several years as envoy to London, he was prominent ¥ in all the sports. The Siamese min- ister came to Washington last April and p: nearly all summer in legation in Kajo~ rama road. He found much con- genlal company when be picked up | his racket and he played almost daily on ' the courts in Potomac Park. He is also a devotee of mwim- mlnzunnd he fre- quently tried the municipal pools, and besides the re- freshment he found in this, he was Invariably among those who, on warm afternoons, accepted the hospi- tality of Mrs. Henderson in the pool to the rear of Boundary Castle, Phya Buri Navarasth speaks English flu- iently and is an ommivorous reader of newspapers and magazines, sonme published in this country and others from England. He served as envoy from the king of Siam from 1917- ) £4ys Buri Navarasth. quiet legation in Ashburn place, South Kensington, into one of the popular | diplomatic establishments at the Brit- jish capital. Phya Buri Navarasth is to give a national. fete on January 2 to cele- brate the forty-second birthday of His Majesty of Siam, and though this country has held friendly intercourse with this mysterious and little known land for more than thirty -vears, this will_be 2 unique occasion. The Siam- ese king's full appelation is Rama IV and his titles ‘are longer and more florid than even thé east boasts in thig generation. They proclaim him as king of all Siam, the north as well as the south and of all its dependen- cies of the Laotiens, the Malais of the the Karens and about a haif dozen | other subservient peoples. He was born on January 1, 1881, but as this day marks the opening on the yea and is a national holiday, the birthday celebration was put back a day on the calendar and will be solemnized with all the ceremonial which will be ob served in the Bangkok palace. H majesty- is not married and as he is Dbadl, which has been reigning in Stam since 1742, and descends in the male line, his next heir is his brother, the Somdéet Chao Fa Paribatra, princ of Nagor Svarga, who is a colonel of jinfantry in the Siamese army. There are five other brothers of the King Who are in line to the throne besides two vounger brothers of the late king who are eligible if the younger succession falls. BROTHER C. ANDREW DIES. Member of Christian Order Well Enown in Washington. Brother C. Andrew, Order of Chris- tian *Brothers, died this morning at the Mother House, Ammendale, Md., after a brief illness. i Washington, especially for his work among small boys, over whom he is said to have exerted a big Influence. He was born in Florissant, Mo., De- cember 15, 1548, and his name in the outside world Henry Raptue. He entered the Novitiate at Carondele {Mo., April 23, 1868, and his first mi: {sion was in Chicago. Two years later ‘hP came to Washington and was iden- |l|||»d with St. Matthew's Institute, Many years thereafter were divided between duty in Washington and at Calvert Hall, Baltimore. Brother An- drew, although eligible for promo- tion ‘and advancement, preferred to |remain in the educational work. Funeral services will be held Wed- nesday morning at 9:30 o'clock and iinterment will be in the Mother House cemetery, Tmmendale. P T e A Chip Off the 01d Block. From the Birmingham Age-Herald. “There goes a millionaire who brags jabout his son to everybody who will liste! ‘Evidently the young fellow i like, e average heir to wealth.” ¥No, indeed. The old man was trinmmed in the stock ‘market last week, and when he discovered his own son had turned the trick he was the produest man in the United | s not great to London and he stransformed the ! the head of the house of Ramadhi | now known as St. Johm's College. ' - 'U. 5. TAKES HONORS IN AVIATION FIELD Summary Shows Thirty-Three New Record World Flights Achieved in 1923. | LARGEST RIGID SHIP BUILT ;Air Mail Sent Across Continent in | Twenty-Six Hours. | By tlie Assoclated Press NEW YORK, December 31 Unparal- leled achievements were recorded in American aviation in 1923, the twenti eth year of mechanical flight, says summary prepared by the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America { Establishment of thirty-three new | world flight records, construction of the {world's largest rigid airship and the largest afrplane: operation of the first night airway, enabling the air mail to cross the and development comm tion to new d of usefulne {recorded ax outstanding events of the iyear. Other important developments were perfection of the aerial torpedo: non- stop transcontinental flights, progress in “bombing hattleships from® the al i development of the aerial smoke scr and devising of meuns to refuel plancs in flight. Advances in commercial ing the year, says the re improved transportation of pa mails and express; forest | crop survey flights, destruc weevil and gypsy moth b from air mach! apmal i Photography and adwertisin The report deplores the fact tha American commercial aviation, strug gling for popular recognition il conservative supbort, finds itself five vears after the armistice still lacking a federal air 1 nd a_bureau of {civil aeronautic the Departme: of Commeree. Of the thirty-three world record | twenty-two are credited to the navs bureau of aeronautics and eleven the Army air geryice. The three o standing speed records. by Lieut AJ Willjams, T, 8. 3 re: 1. Spe miles an hour for th kilometers, at Mitchel Field, New York, November 4 2. ‘Speed of 24381 miles 100 kilometers, at St. s - 3. Sp for 200 tober 6. Other notable performances wer the establishment of a new duratio |record of 36 hours, 4 minutes and {8 second by Lieut. Oakley Kells and J. A. cReady of the Arm air service. at Payton, Ohio, April 16 117, later eclipsad by Lieuts. Lowell |H. Smith and J. P. Richter, with | record of hours, 15 minutes_ a {43.8 seconds, at San Diego, Cal | August | Lieuts. made a | York to |ing the minutes. SHOT BY BANDIT. Jeweler Refuses to Open Safe at d Command. NEW YORK, December nard Brown, a Bronx jew was shot and perhaps wounded by « bandit when fused to open his safe Brown had just opened his stor and was kneeling in front of his safc when an automobile, containing thre. men, drew up and one bandit, armed with a pistol. entered the shop i Instead of obeving the bandits | command te open the safe, the Jewel- fer grappled with the robber, wh | fired two shots. Brown dropped wi a wound in the-abdomen. The intruder and his confederatrs | fled in the car. i ation dur ay i sengers trol and n of boll spraying ng, aeral a in hov O n Louls, for {tober d of kilometers, at St miles an hour Louis, O elly and MacReady al non-stop flight from New an Diego, May 2-3, 700 miles in, 26 hours Brother Andrew was well known in | 1 1—Ber ¥, tod: mortal he r DROWNS AT FLORIDA BEACH. WEST PALM BEACH, Fla., De cember 31—Roy S. Woods, thirt {four, of Munhill, Pa., a euburb | Pittsburgh, was drowned in the Atlant ocean at Bovnton Beach, fourteen mil south of here, this afternoon. H body was recovered fifteen —minuts later. Strictness of law treme injustice. is sometimes o 3% Compoand Interest Paid on Savings. 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