Evening Star Newspaper, December 28, 1923, Page 6

r~ 6 g 'THE EVENING ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. A WASHINGTON, D. C. . FRIDAY.. .December 28, 4923 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor ‘The Eveniu, Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th Bt. anqg Pennsylvania Ave. New York Ocice: £ 0 East Chicago Office: Tower Bullding. Buropean Oice. 16 Regont Bt.s London, Englana, The Evening Star, with the Sunday merning edition, in delivered by rs within the daily only, 43 ly, 20° cents’ per s may be sent by mail or tele- phone ‘Main 5000. Collection is made by car- lers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginis, Daily and Sunday..1 Daily onl: bt 1) Dajly and Sunday.1yT., $10. 1 mo,, 85c Daily only 600 258 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled fo the use for republication of all news dis- putches credited o 1t oc mot otherwise credl in,this, aper also the local news pul roin. rights of publication of +pecial dispatches hereln are also rescrved. Conventions and Campaign Cash. ‘When the democratic national com- mMittee meets in this city on the 15th of January its principal task will be the selection’ of a convention ecity. ‘The date is of less importance. That it will come some time after the re- publican nominating meeting is well assured by custom, which decrees that the administration party shall first iuke the field with its proposal of candidates and platform. The place of the convention, however, is quite a different matter. It has aipolitical as- peet. Aspirants for the nomination have their preferences. The ‘‘psy- chology” of meeting on strategic ground is of importance. Just at present there are three lead- ing possibilities in the fleld for the democratic meeting place, New York. Chicago and St. Louis. New .York is dead set” after the convention. It has not entertained & nomination meeting for many years. It wants the honor of being host to one of the major parties. The republicans having passed it by for Cleveland, it is going to try to persuade the democracy that 1* is the only proper place for the ses- sion. But Chicago was also disappoint- ed by the republicans, even more so than New York. For Chicago really expected to be chosen for that meet- ing, and the sudden switch to Cleve land caused a shock in the Windy city. St. Louis seems to be figuring on standing as a compromise choice “in caso the New York-Chicago competi- tion runs to a deadlock. Intimation is now given that the na- tional committee will seek the high- est bid for the convention. There is a deficit from the 1920 campaign of over $175,000. The hope, it is indicated, is that the winning contestant for the convention will undertake to liquidate this debt in eddition to paying all the expenses of the meeting. Both parties spent or obligated them- selves to spend, more money than they had in the 1920 campaign. Both of them found themselves in arrears after the election. Only recently the republican debt was extinguished. Both committees are concerned over the matter of fund-raising for the 1934 campaign. The managers know that it is going to be hard to “ralse the wind.” Liberal givers are somewhat shy nowadays about eontributing to .'the political sinews of war. So it will be advantageous to the democratic committee if it can get the convention 8o placed that the. 1920 debt will be canceled, with possibly a !umlomblel balance established with which to start the 1924 game in the selection of @ convention ecity. Presidential Polls. Taking of presidential polls and test wotes 1o show the direction the politi- cal wind 1s blowing has begun, with interesting results, whether valuable and prophetic or not. Good House- keeplng, a magazine widely read by women, Is taking a poll among the members of the General Federation of Women's Clubs on their cholce for President of the United States. Names 0 the number of seventeen were rep- resented in the returns. Tn the $1,301 ballots tabulated Presi- dent Coolidge received 53,274 votes, many more than twice as many as the combined votes of the others for whom choice was expressed. ~Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York received 37, the lowest number in the return. William G. McAdoo received 6,611, topping tho list of democrats. Sena- tor Hiram Johnson received 1,861, heing elosely followed by Gov. Pinchot with 1,432, Henry Ford was the preference of | 5504 and William J. Bryan of 152. rmer President Wilson was the sice of 3,083 and Senator Under- wood of 2,366. Senator La Follette got Scnator Ralston 103, Senator Borah 415, Senator Glass 61. The cabinet came in for attention, Secre- tary 1lughes getting 8,315 and Secre- tary Hoover 2,456. Former Gov. Low- den received 169 and John W. Davis 141. This straw may show how the wind 1s blowing, at least among the women of America. . ————————— loverturn through viclence. | sudden attack the crown prince bore servative force of Americans as & check against the elements which bave no historic or traditional back- ground, or ignore it it they have, and ‘who would enter upon experiments in government which would seem con- trary to the purposes of those who es- tablished the government. There is a good deal that is important in organ- izing “old Americans” or Americans of “the old stock.” In this country from the first there has been a feelinz of family prida. Among the early settlers were those ‘who were proud, though not boastful, of the position they held in England. Later families began to found their pride on the station which & member or members of their family gained in the colony. “Old” tamilles decayed and new families became “old” fami- lies. In some counties and cities new families became old famllies in two or three generations. There has been a boom in genealogy in the past quatter of a century. More workers are engaged in genealogical research now than at any other time. There is a searching of old land and church records. More persons are locking for their ancestors than ever before, and it would be unfair to say that these descendants are moved by foolish pride or fancy. In this part of the country, outside of a few fami- lies, there was untlil recently little ac- tive interest in ancestry. People thought affectionately of their parents and grandparents, but there was little work in the construction of family treeg and preparation of family his- torfes. That is an older industry in New England than in the south. Peo- ple are now generally doing this be- cause knowing that they belong to “old American stock” they want the facts. They want the names of their American ancestors, and to know ‘where they lived and died and what they did. The growth of this tendency may be due to the organization of an- cestral-patriotic societies, but it is more likely thet the growth of those societies 1s due to the development of this sentiment among so many Ameri- cans. The Attack on Japan’s Regent. ‘When & youth yesterday fired a shot at the Prince Regent of Japan on his ‘way to open the session of the diet, fortunately missing him, the entire Japanese ministry tendered its resig: nation, following that of Iome Min ister Goto, who immediately assumed full responsibility for not having pre- vented the attack. This is a striking illustrajjon of the intense fealty to- ward the person of the ruler in that country. Home Minister Goto was, of course, not accountable, nor was the ministry itself. But at once. without any analysis of the matter and with no attempt at excuse, the responsible officers of government bowed their of- ficial heads to the acting ruler and asked punishment in the form of re- mission from their posts. ‘This crime appears to have been the individual act of the would-be as- sassin. Seized at once, and with dif- ficulty rescued from the avenging crowd by the police, he acknowledged his guilt and declared that he had no accomplices, and that his hope was simply to start a social revo- lution. This acknowledgment be- trays the unreasoning fanaticism of | the radical. A soclal revolution could not conceivably be started in Japan | through the removal of the prince re- gent by violence. The instant reaction 10 an attack upon his person is one of intense anger and vengeance. Japan | may be progressing toward democracy in some ways. It may be tinged at present with radicalism. There may ! be groups of anarchistic elements at | work. But there is no chance for an Yesterday under the shock of this himself in a manner that commended | the admiration of the Japanese people. He proceeded to the diet, made his formal speech, and returned to the palace without betraying the slightest sign of amxiety, Those who had gath- ered in the parliament building for the ceremony were unaware that his life had been attempted. When later the news spread a feeling of intense loyalty and patriotism swept through Tokio, and is now pulsing through Japan as the word is carried into the far cor- | ners of the empire. ——————— The Mellon plan for tax reduction has already been taken up by the statesmanship that always recognizes a good idea as capable of improve- ment. Saving to the taxpayer may be reduced owing to the amount of llmal required for discyssion. i ‘ —_——————— Henry Ford never yet succeeded in getting a burst of applause that was not téempered by side remarks from one source or another of a more or less sarcastic nature. ————— In order to settle dissensions within its own ranks the Ku Klux Klan may find it necessary to follow the example of more conservative enterprises and eppoint a dictator. —————— In the absence of a war, statisticians are enabled to devote more time to the announcements of bootleg and auto- moblle catastrophes. 1f all purchasers of bootleg liquor were required to give a receipt by per- sonal signature the venders would ac- quire valuable autograph albums. Ancestral-Patriotic Societies. ‘Women are applying in such num- ber for membership in the D. A. R. ‘that special means for passing on membership petitions have been taken, In a published report it is sald that about 1,000,000 women -are eligible to membership in the D. A.'R., that most of the eligibles may be brought within the soclety in a few years and that the present enrollment is near 200,000, Not only have the older patriotic and ancestral-patriotic societies grown in membership, but such socleties huve | muitiplied. There is a dispostisa. in men and women to find a connection between themselves and men who lived in this country when it was a wollection of colonies and who helped establish this republic. People who do this generally take a wtrong and active stand for “perpetusiing our institu- tions,” and they construe *‘patriotism”. Festival for Poor Horses. The poor horses and mules of Wash- ner by the Animal e League. The table will be set the grounds of the league, 349 Maryland avenue southwest, tomorrow and the time of the festival will be from 11 to 4. Though the spread is midway between Christmas and New Year, it is called a Christmes dinner, and the animals care not what the feast is called so that the eats are there, Members of the league and their friends have ar- ranged & menu of oats, alfalfa and mixed feed, and apples and carrots are on the bill. A large and repre- sentative attendance is looked for, mnd it any Washingtonian has an ap- ple, & lump of sugar or a wisp of sweet and refreshing hay to spare, the managers of the dinner will say| wmrtremely dangerous,” answered |Brent and Gon “thank you" and the horses and mules will give an extra nod of head or twitch of tail as a sign of pleasure and .appreciation, The humblest horse and the leanest:mule will be |me,” said Uncle Eben, “’ceppin’ ‘bout l:’: Some of the guepts will be very old THE EVENING ST AR, . WASHINGTON, - I . C. ~ e — ————————————eeeee et et o STAR /| This congentrates an active and con- |horses. They remember when auto- mobiles were fow and when it was 800d manners in a horse to take fright at meeting one. Some of the horses served in the families of “the best people” of the city and drew family carriages. But age and hard luck came upon them. They ask our people to recall that once they were happy, prosperous horses and stepped along the streets with a merry, dash- ling gait. That was in other days, and perhaps old horses have their memories and reveries as we do. The Washington Animal Rescue League has had a useful career since its organization in May, 1914. Its list of mémbers is long and includes many of the very kindest people of the city who have a tender spot in the heart of poor old horses and mules, friendless dogs, outcast cats and all animals that are oppressed by trouble. Big Ships and Big Pipes. ‘When the Leviathan went aground in New York harbor the other day diagrams were printed to show her - position on Robins reef, just north of Staten Island. The engineers of the Passaic valley sewerage commission of New Jersey noted the fact that ac- cording to these plats the great ship had touched bottom right over where a couple of great steel and concrete outfall pipes rest. These tubes, which -seven inches in diameter. are placed four feet below the floor of the bay at that point. They ere part of the system that is being completed tb drain the Passaic valley, and that with federal assent utllizes the New York harbor as the outer point.of de- posit. The engineers figure that if the Leviathan touched them they must have been damaged. As one of them expresses it, “a ship such as the Leviathan, with her 60,000 tons, traveling at four knots an hour, would crush those pipes as a man might break & matchstick between his fin- gers.” Divers will'now be sent down to examine the harbor floor and the pipes to determine whether any injury. has been caused to these outlets. It is said that a claim for $250,000 may be filed against the government, or the Shipping Board, for the injury. This brings up en interesting ques- tion of lability. If the Leviathan was off her course through carelessness or incompetence on the part of her navigator or pilot a damage claim might lle, assuming that these pipes were laid with federal authority in the approach to the navigable waters of the bay. If, however, the accident oc- curred through misfortune beyond control, as & result of fog or unusual currents, it may be contended that when the pipes were laid a chance was taken on the score of possible injury from such a happening. It may be argued that the placing of heavy steel and concrete outlet pipes in a position where a ship might touch thein constitutes a menace 1o naviga- tion, even though outside of the chan- nel. If they were touched they are evidently of a nature to injure a ship perhaps more than the amount of damage suggested as that inflicted on the sewer system. This case will per- Lapé lead to some protracted discus- sion, and possibly to an important rul- ing by the courts relative to the ques- tion of the use of navigable waters for public drainage. —_—————— It requires fifty millions of paper marks to send a letter from Germany to this country. However, it requires but little space to print fifty million, and the ordinary envelope will accom- modate the stamp. After a man attains a certain amount of publicity his admirers, Te- gardless of its nature, can think of no sufficient compliment short of a presidential boom. ——eer————— A congress can scarcely be expected to undertake so much labor as to send its statesmen to the greaf national party conventions In a general state of fatigue. ——————— .t is scarcely to be hoped that after it bas been debated a while in Con- gress the proposal to reduce taxes ‘will appear as simple as it does now. ————— Chicago is complaining of a scarcity of fresh eggs. Food speculators are blamed for not trying at least to take care of their own home town. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Reason for Rejoicing. A happy New Year, one and all! It's due, you must allow, Since all the family, great and small, Are feeling better now. While feeding at the Christmas tree The baby, shouted “Wow!” Thanks to the doctor's visit he Is feeling better now. Dear father's headache's nearly past As fainter grows the row; For mother there is rest at last. Wae're feeling better now. Though resolutions go astray . This much We can avow. ‘We'll join and say on New Year day, “We're feeling better now.” Lack of Consistency. ' *Are your constituents solid for tax lington are invited to a holiday din-|reduction?” “Not exactly solid,” answered Sena~ tor Sorghum. “Every one of ‘em wants his own taxes reduced, but doesn’t care much about what hap- pens to the other fellow’s.” Jud Tunkins says Christmas comes but once a year, which is as-often most people could afford. A Picture of Father Time. Oh, friend, the whiskers you display Leave us a bit dismayed. ‘We wish you'd throw the scythe away And get a razor blade. Fraught With Peril. “Aren’t these motor cycles Pa.w- o ous?" Mr. Chuggins. “They're what the road cops tse to slip up and arrest you.” “Dat candidate don’ never notice "lection time. All I has wif isa votin' scqualntance. BY PAUL V. COLLINS ‘While this nation was at war, chila labor increased until it reached its peak in 1913—about when wages were at their peak and when our ‘efforts in the war reached their crisis. Beginning in the late summer of 1920, child labor diminished, cotem- poraneously with business depression. Better times in business began In 1922, and since then the number of children employed in “gainful occu- pations” has continued to grow. How many of us sense the sig- nifican¢e of these parallels? Note ing_when times ing when there is for the legitimate ‘wage earner of the family. Not the family need but the employers’ greed Immolats bables and half- plenty of wages ‘youth: not nece: Congress has twice passed laws regulating child labor, and both laws have been found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The first law, passed in 1916, was based on the right of Congress to regulate commerce between the states and forelgn commerce. It forbade transportation in interstate or foreign commerce of all goods made in fac- torles where child labor was em- ployed. This was thrown out by the Supreme Court on a vote of five to four. on the ground that the power of Congress to regulate commerce 41 not extend to the right of control for other Furwul than commerce, ‘whereas this law was aimed to con- trol standards of labor, which is wholly a state function The second la tive in May 1919, put a special tax on the nat profits of such mines, quarries or manufactoriex where child labor was employed. This was enforced three years, but was found unconstitutional May 25, 1922, by 2 vote of eight to one, on the ground that it was not a proper exercise of the excise power, but was an attempt to impose, tbrough taxation, standards as to la- bor, which right belonged only to the’ states. * ok k¥ By these two decisions it became clear that the present powers of the Constitution do mot give to Con- gress the right to legislate on this subject. It is equally clear that so long as it is impoasible to get from the several states legislation that will be interstate in its effect, through its uniformity in all states. the com- petition of one state, in the markets of all, when the one or more states persist in permltting chila labor, will drive from the markets the products of other states not so permitting. The only hope of reaching a true solution of the problem, therefore, is through a constitutiona] amendment extend- | ing the power of Congress to act in | this matter, £ ou oo There are now pending in Congress eighteen such proposed amendments, besides several other measures con- cerning children and women. Four were introduced In the Senate by Sena- tors Lodge, MecCormic} ! and Wheeler. The other fourteen were introduced in the House. Many conferences have been held by organisations interested elther in child welfare or in labor, and the various measures have been care- fully studied, with the result, as re- ported by the children's bureau of the Department of Labor, that the McCormick phraseology is found most acceptable. It appears the most sim- ple and comnrehensive The MoCormick measure pro an amendment a3 follows: ~ oo “Bection 1. That the Congress shall have power to prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen vears of age, and to prescribe the conditions of such labor. lec. 3 The reserved powers of the several states to legislate con- cerning the labor of persons under the age of eighteen vears shall not be impaired or diminiched, except to the extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the Congrese.” * 2 X % The intent is that the federal laws shall fix a minimum standard con- I Clemency to Wag' Prisoners | Arot_lses Variety of Emotions 1% Feelings are consideradly thixed over the President’s pardoning of the so-called political prisoners. Some editors, like that of the New York ‘World, hold that action was too long deferred. Others suggest, like the Brooklyn Eagle, that the penalty.al- ready pald warranted Executive clem- ency. Others protest the action asun- wise. As a whole, however, it is agreed, with tranquillity restored in the United States, no harm can be done by turning these men back into civil life. In the opinfon of the New York Tribune “the President has shown true liberality of mind in a somewhat un- pleasant situation; he has amnestied these convicts in & epirit of mingled Justice and mercy, and in spite of the fact that he-can have no tolerance whatever for the lack of patriotism which put them behind the bars,” while the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot feels “the President’s pardon is sig- nificant milestone in our long and tedlous retreat from the malignant ‘war paychosis.” Although ‘“no cause could be more righteous than that ‘with which these people sought to in- terfere,” the Richmond News-Leader questions “whether America would have lost as much by releasing them at the end of the war as she has lost in self-respect by keeping them in jail while she has rewarded politi- clans for defeating & peace settle- ment and accepted war-time prof- iteers as model citizens.” 1If “they have not learned by this time that it is well and even necessary not to defy | & their country when it is very much in the Cincinnati Times-Star “they will never leam any- thing,” and it he “a stern lesson has been digested.” * * k® Pointing out that it was mostly ignorant fellows who are sincerely opposed to war who volced their pinfons loudly and foolishly at a time when national unity was essen- tial, the Ohlo State Journal believes “it is better for a nation which guar- antees the right of free speech to err on the side of mercy in its treat- ment of litical prisoners than on o m&n.z: s The Philade Fomeer therstore, * Aoted . prgadion: ‘o‘v:r l‘gvuk News notes with fastion th i wetsting of former o "Baker, Bishop Chari 3. &. “Farbord, Maovars thal ootana ““the action of the on bpecthy bt an’ ndic Prosident's willingnes animosities of war time iet, parnape, et thess Ve ard that “each merits.” t t of “{hlonotlélh: and of his Shortridge | trolling child labor, but that the states may legislate beyond that standard, so long as they do not go below it. The simple comprehensive- ness of this phraseolo; will cover all Tines of Tabor by children, whereas some of the amendments offered un- dertake to enumerate specific lines, Which limits the control only to those lines of produetion named in the amendment. Senator Lodge's For _example: amendment specifies control of labor mills, canneries, in mines, quarri workshops, facto: or manufactur- ing companies, but makes no mention of farms, gardens. mercantile stores, theaters, street peddling or domestic ssrvice, l{l of which are eove:;dulln o _sweeping general language e McCormick phraseology. * ok ok % Several other amendments are of- fered almost identical with that of Senator McCormick, vet not quite the same. Representative Dallinger goes farther—some think too far—when he proposes that “the Congress shall have power to establish uniform hours and conditions of labor for women and minors th out the United States, and to prohibit the employment of chil dren under such ages as the Congress may from time to time determine.” This would enable Congrese to for- hid all cmployment to women, and might suthorize an age limit for “children” at twenty-one years, or at any younger age. IR K R % The need of reasonable legislation on this subject is realized in view of the fact that in ten states more than 10 per cent of the children between the ages of ten and fifteen years of &ge are in full employment, at the sacrifice of their schooling. All such states except Rhode Island are in the south, and it {s from that region that opposition to the proposed child labor legislation is most pronounced. The percentages of children under fifteen years in employment are as follows: Alabama., Arkansas, 18.5; Georgla, 2 ssissippi, i Loulsiana, 12.5 3 : North Carolina, 16.6; Rhode Island, 13.4; South Carolina, 12.3; Texas, 12.5. hich have the highest percentage of children employed are naturally the states with the grea est percentage of jlliteracy—partic larly as shown by the Army tests of drafted men, rather than the wholly. misleading federal census. * ¥ % ok A survey of the fields and gardens of Maryland, reported by the Depart- ment of Labor's child bureau, shows that children as young as eight years (both white and colored) are emplored from one to three months, and under sixteen vears as 16ng as six months. These work In fields and gardens picking berries, or vegeta- bles. or, in the cases of the older boys, at plowing and general farm work. Great abuses exist in_sugar beet regions of Michigan and €olorado and one or two other states where beets are grown, where children are emploved at long hours at weeding and thinning the plants by hand. In cotton mills and oung children are emvloved by thousands, even below the legal age according to local laws. In tne coal mines bovs are given full employment before they vears old. tn opening State laws are too often controlled by influences most interested in evad- Ing enforcement. Of 3,136 children be- tween thirteen and sixteen years of age investigated in the Pennsylvania coal regions, it was found that 1,349 had left school for full regular em- loyment, and 296 ng tions or than half were Of these, 1,107 sirls. ‘'or the robbing of the rising genera- tion of their birthright. for a mess of pottage—miserable - wages—in ex change for lost schooling and normal development, hysical, mental and £ were boys and 521 ts | bolsheviks in our country—the moral, this nation will'answer in the next few decades, unless the evil is corrected. o “the offenses themselves are nol given or condoned”: anyway, Qquicker the American people can dis- miss from mind the bitterness en- gendered by the war, the better it will be for every one. * * x % The Akron Beacon-Journal concuss in this belief and insists the release “is exactly what should have been done.” While the average American has little sympathy for any one who ¢t for- “the opposed, even by speech, this coun- try’s part in ‘war, the Jersey Journal doubts “if any will criticize President Coolidge for extending clemency in this case,” because “five years in jall seems sufficient punish- ment for the offense committed.”” The Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, fu thermore, argues “no good purpose is apparent in longer keeping them from the freedom of good citizenship or bad—they a once more given the choice and they slone will suffer or benefit in that choice's making.” The Springfleld Union, maintains “they were subjects neither for sympathy nor for the admiration that has been lavished upon them by some sentimental individuals and radical organizations. Their release does not imply that their offense was any less or that any mistake was made In imposing penalties for their disloyalt: does it imply that in & similar situation the government could afford to do d own good and safet: the same views th News continue: however, ‘With_about noke World- ‘President Cool- near being just one mo; betrayal of the men who entered the Army, Navy and Marine Corps for servi in the world war. It cannot but have the effect of tending to re- luce war time laws of this country the level of a threat, to make the gubllo generally regard the war-time k of the United States government deal worse than its bite,” but, ¥ be de- |1 it will have at least one re- sult for which everybody can be thankful. It will put an end to the ailly, sentimental clamor with which misguided persons have been beatin, pon the of the public ever since these criminals were put behind the bars.” * ok ok ok The Pittsburgh ' Gasette indorses this opinion, because “while some of them may have been sincere but mis- guided, that does not diminish the grav- ity of the offense of attempting to in- terfere with the policy In war of the vernment under which they live. ese men knew, doubtiess, what they were inviting and they received only that for which they were biddin, when they entered on the policy o’ opposition. Furthermore, too many Americans slobber over the plight of criminals who are caught and pun- ished, and the effect is to make the criminals believe they are heroes.' Calling _attention to & by one of their former comrades In Boalon—.. ‘wish that there were 600,000 regular Russian n- sists that we “do in thinking that these rel lawbreakers or their. friends and admirers will so much think of gratitude for clemency, “you can figure out just what of an inferno thl iable one-time. chester Leader 1 not fool oursel s " for kind ifferently for its|ani & | officers’ good antenna sho %o et up| kitohen.the srramt FRIDAY, DECEMBER. 28 Gospel of Fair Play. Writer Urges It as Means of Bringing Peace to World. the Editor of The Star: Again “peace on earth” meason is here, and thers is no peace. Though bitter experience has shown that to play- fair {s a wiser course than to appeal to the use of force, yet many prefer the gospel of force to that of fair play. Let us not forget that the gospel of fair play is the oldest of all the gospels; that during the 500 years when every one practiced fair play peace and prosperity pre- vailed everywhere. If fair play was now. practiced by all, militarism and pacifism, anarchism and demagogism would ‘automatically be eliminated from all discyssions. An increasing hatred Is reported in many countrle; If that hatred develops into activity, its destructive effects may prove far-reaching. Many remedies have been suggested for this deplorable state of airs. Here 1 f all of us were to play fair dur- ing the coming twelve months, it is reasonable to believe that 'there would _be less hatred in the world when Yuletide comes again. Yes, it is e for the indifferent to say that “you can't get the people to play fair.” But the thoughtful pre- fer to ring the changes on the af- firmative side of the subject. For they belleve that a majority of the people are ready to join in a prop- erly organized movement to promote the general adoption of the gospel of r pi An ancient oriental tradition tells how peace and prosperity prevailed everywhere during the flve hundred years that all the people played fair, and then how some shrewd schemers introduced a gospel of unfair play. If peace and prosperity prevailed dur- ing those five centuries, why not dur- ing the years to come? The tradi- tions are far too Jong to relate here. Yet a condensed and modernized translation of a few paragraphs should prove interesting to the many who are praying for peace, legendary though the traditions may be. Fol- lowing is the substance of a few sec- tions: About fourteen thousand ycars ag we count elapsed time, the firs parents of the human race were di- vinely created, divinely endowed, and during their lifetime were guided and instructed by a heavenly agent act- ing under divine command. They were taught how to use and make fire and were given much other instruc- tion of a practical character, as well as instruction of an ethical nature. They were taught how to play fair with each other and with the chil- dren that were to bless their union. The counselor explained that the children would quickly learn to play fair if they perceived that fair play was the dominant motive in the lives of the parents. The parents were told that it would be the duty of each gen- eration to notify every member of the pucceeding generation that a continu- ance of peace and prosperity was pos- eible only as long as all continued to play fair. ~ The first parents were taught that the worship most acceptable to the heavenly Father was the continual seeking of worth-while knowledge; & and develoewnnt of the the cultivatior £ an in- t desire to play "ar, also an . & faith in the loving pro- A a_wise heavenly Father, whose watchful care would surround them as long as they and their de- scendants refrained from unfair play. Included in the divine endowment the power of knowing what was ir as well as what was fair play. ay was defined as having no consideration for personal or prop- erty rights, and no reverence for law or for lawful authority. The pity is that after all the people, during the Hfetime of about twenty-five genera- tiens, had found a joy in plaving fair, a set of shrewd schemers intent on exploiting the people for personal profit should have been able to gradually introduce unfair play. Let us help the world to again make fair play the ruling factor in all activities. Tt is true that it t be depe fn a month or a t it can-be done, and must be don and will be done some day. come in & manner almost tible i, e change the people who are peace on earth.” Yes, to persuade all the people to play falr will be a big undertaking. But there are Americans who appear to have been born to achieve the seemingly impossible. Don't waste time wondering when success will come, but start at once to make suc- cess possible by organizing a fair play soclety in your own home, your own nelghborhood. The onlv pledge required-of members is that they will slways strive to play fair with self and others. FRED DELAND. Low Speed Not a Cure. tectt n el to perceive the gradual in character of thought of longing for Care by Both Drivers and Pedes- trians Traffic Solution. To the Editor of The Sta Permit me to comment on the statements of Archibald Hopkins, criticizsing the conduct “of autoists generally. He apparently belicves that the adoption of a ten-mile speed limit would obviate the maiming and kill-" ing of pedestrians. Being both pe- destrian and autolst I will consider both classes fairly. A ten-mile speed limit is too low and would block traffic, cause confu- duce casualtie: would be wasted needl lnl{. perience has been that when condl- tions are such that traffic can only move at a ten-mile rate no one gets anywhere with any more ree of ety than at a higher rate of speed. e, and when the movement is blocked the thousands on foot, in street cars and autos are reatly inconvenienced, not mention- fnl’ the hazards Involved in blocking the way for fire engines, ambulances, etc. Further, a gasoline engine cannot be operated and controlled satis- factorily at such a low s suggestion is to obmpel all persons ‘vehicles alike to start-and stop upon the officers’ signals. If an auto must stop upon signal, why shouldn’t the person on foot do likewise? ‘Where a pedestrian is “marvoned” at a crossing (primarily his own fault), he is let DR’ easy. If an autoist is Sim situated a ‘“‘public lecture” is ered, and awmre: can be made. Surely the feet of a pedestrian are easier to govern than a heavy plece of machinery. However, at congested crossings, where no officer is stationed, a serious problem remains to be solved for both autoist and ped ‘From_the pedestrian's point of view reckless say, “Down with the speeders, drivers and crossing hog: From the autoist's standpoint I say, “Punish all jaywalkers and pedestrians who ignore common road rules and Many persons driving machines ought to be jailed for recklessness, and per- Toite of Incompetent drivers should b Fevoked: but dom't overlook the cold act that there are many thoughtles d less pedestrians at jgnals, see only the o ite curb, and do not realize that for their folly they face a possible nice, ufet protracted rest in the hospital for failure to follow simple {nstructions. ‘Educatd pedestrians on traffic rules; ive us all more one for the reckle: Iiberty: who gnore i ‘where by the requirement of looking only in one_direction for approaching autos; autolsts, help the pedestrian, and vice versa by “watching our friend, the cop.” E. L. KASTLEI It’s an Ill Wind~ wish ex- | From the New York Tribuse. The sweeping rednuction in the pay of motion picture actors ought to ease the pressure on the divorce courts. That Errant Husband. From the New York Tribune. Discovery that the dishpan makes restore to the -way streets, pedestrian {s minimized 'Ki ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q. How JIong does a cow give milk?>—T. H. R. A. Cows have been known to give milk, with the usual freshening, from the age of two to eighteen. The average time for a cow to be in a dairy herd, however, is from four to six years. Q. How does the amount of erime in London compare with that in New York city?—A. N. G. A. In 1923 there were 260 murders committed in New York city and seventeen in London. The London offenders were all caught and con- victed. In New York city only part of the number were apprehended and but three were punished by death. Q. Please tell me something about ;rhcm Drama League of America?— A. The Drama League of America has for its purpose the “crowding out of viclous plays by the attendance upon and commendation of good plays and by bullding up audiences for them through study clas read- ing circles and lecturea” It also alms to ald in the restoration of the drama to its honorable place as the most democratic medium for the self- expression of the people. National headquarters is in Washington, D. C. Q. Where s the opposition to the deepening of the St. Lawrence water- way?—F. T. A. Since Gow. Pinchot has come out in favor of the plan, New York and Montreal stand almost alone in op- position. Q. Do not the words delegate and representative mean practically the same thing?—D. D. L. A. In Maryland and Virginia the branch of the state legislatures which in nost other states is called the house of representatives is known as the house of delegates. Members of the lower house of the federal Con- gress who are elected from states are known as representatives, but the whole group of representatives from a state is known as its delegation, while the representatives from ter- ritories such as Alaska, Hawalil, etc, are called delegates. Members of po- litical conventions, on the other hand, are always known as delegates, and never as representatives. . How much property is there in this country that is exempt from taxation?—O. L. A. The tax-exempt property, real and personal, aggregated $54,000,000,- 000 in 1922, slightly less than one- fifth of the total national wealth. Q. Does Mlle. Suzanne Lenglen use an_American make of tennis racket? —E H. Y. A. The United States Lawn Tennis Association says that Mile, Lenglen uses a racket of French make. Q. How many people go to Atlantic City each year?—>. M. A. It is estimated that 10,000,000 pesple visit thie pleasure resort an- nually. Q. Was the Lusitania warned by wireless on the day that she was tor- pedoed?—J. T. A. Winston Churchill says that re- peated wireless warnings were sent to the Lueitania on that day. Orders for zigzagging and for speed were, however, disregarded. Q. What American cities have th: greatest capacity for storing grain F. 8. spect and Minneapolis second. Prince Arthur | i { BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. Prince Arthur of Connaught since his return from South Africa with his wife, who is Duchess of Fife In her own right, and thelr only som, who is a commoner and bears the { courtesy title of Earl of Macduff, has |mm- up his residence with them at Castle Rising, In Norfolkshire. It was held on a very long lcase from the Howard Dukes of Norfolk by th: late Barl Farquhar, and when he dled {last summer, he left the lease, along iwilh all the extremely valuable con- tents of Castle Rising, which were his own property, to the duchess, who had been his ward and who was the principal heir to his very large estate, ,unfl.r hie will. For the late Duke of Fife, her father, had been Lord Far- quhar's most intimate friend from boyhood and his business partner in all their joint banking operations. The establishment of Prince Arthur and the Duchess of Fife at Castle Rising, with the avowed intention of using it _as their principal country seat in England, constitutes a nota- ble addition to the royal colony in the county of Norfolk. x Kk ¥ ¥ It already embraces King George, Queen Mary and their children, at York ocottage, on the Sandringham es- tate; Queen Alexandra and her only unmarried daughter, Princess Vic- toria, at Sandringham Hall, which was left to her for life by its virtual creator, Edward VII, who purchased it on the eve of his marriage in 1862. Then there are the King and Queen of Norway, the latter being the sister of King rge. They have main- tained since their marriage an Eng- 1lish home at Appleton Hall, an estate which adjoins Sandringham, nd where their only son, Prince Olaf, who attains his majority next spring, was born. And now Prince Arthur of Connaught, the Duchess of Fife and their little boy have come to live at Castle Rising. That is how they came to all dine together with King George and Queen Mary at York cot- tage on Christmas day, the only mem- bers of the party except the family ®eing the nonagen: n Victoria Cross hero, Gen. Sir Dighton Probyn, who has belonged to Queen Alexan- Mra’s household ever since her mar- riage, in 1863, and the Hon. Charlotte Knollys, who has been in close and intimate attendance on Queen Alex- andra throughout the same duration of time, and who, like Sir Dighton Probyn, has known King George and Queen Mary and the King and Queen of Norway, as well as their children, since their infancy. Castle Rising in anclent days ranked as a port. but the sea retired [from it and it disappeared from the list of English seaports. The castle, which is Norman, has been assoclated with royalty since 1176, and King Edward 111, after the execution of his mother's favorite, Mortimer, made a present of it to her, who, instead of being kept a prisoner for her re- sponsibility in the shocking death of ‘husband, Kan‘ E%vltrdh‘l:, l‘:u spend much o ater e tn “Cravel. | Atter her death it Edward the Black l a years in travel. was owned by ! Prince, and from him it passed to ing Richard II, who exchanged it jfor the French Castle of Brest. King Henry VIII made a gift of the Dlace to the Howards, in which family it still remains. * %k ¥ ¥ With the sudden death from heart failure of Gem. the Hon. Oswald Lumley, C. M. G, who commanded the 11th Hussars at the time of the Boer war, and who rejoined the serv- ice on the outbreak of the great war, his only surviving som, Lawrence Lumley, recently married to Cath- erine McEwan of Marchmont, be- comes next Neir to the family. honors. For his uncle, the tenth Earl of Scarbrough, W will taaght mnen of hes Wealthy: Q. What is a deemster?—(. C. H. A. Originally a deemster was a ju- dicial o!fi’cer in Scotland, who mrm’xl- 1y pronounced the doom or sentence of death on condemned criminals. The name is now given In the Isle of Man to two judges, who act as chief jus- tices of the island. Q. How does the speed of a lino- type compare with that of tyL writer’—E. C. A. A. The typewrjter record for speed maintained for an hour is 131 words a minute, which amounts to 7.860 words per hour. On linotype machinas engaged in newspaper work, the amount would be anywhere between 3,500 and 4,000 ems per hour, but he less on book work, or work {nvoiving foreign languages. The word averagn might be estimated at 760 to 08 words per hour. Q. Which one of the two states, Florida and California, s more likely to have a cold spell, and give the reasons why?—J. A. The weather bureau eavs that both of these states uregliable to froste to pending upon the loc nia extends over a wide territory, north and south, with many high mountains, which give to it a variety of climate. Florida is located much farther south and hus, all toid, a much miider climate. Q. What was the origin of the word “feminism”?—H. D. E. A. Feminism is a word coined by the younger Dumas in 1872 to dul‘:_-' nate the so-called “rights of women movement. Q. What is meant when a fenee is described as “horse high, bull strong and pig tight' I, T. A. It is 2 common saying in farm districts that u fence must be “horsy high, bull strong and pig tight that is, 8o high a horse cannot ju it, 80 strong that a bull cannot thr it down by charging it and so tig that a pig cannot crawl through it. . Are houses kept warmer in the winter time than they used to be?— V. A. W. A.' One hundred vears ago 50 to 55 degrees was considered a good house temperature. Fireplaces pro- vided the heat in those days. When stoves came into use, about seventy years ago, the temperature rose to about 62 dogrees. With the increas- ing use of furnaces, some thirty years ago, & heat of 72 degrees was guite usual. Today a temperature of 70 degrees is considered standard Q. With what force does water expand when frozen?—A. J. T. A. A brass globe whose cavity Is an inch in dlameter may be burst by filling it with water and freezing it and the force necessary for this ef- fect is 27,720 pound Q. Which has the better evesight, 2 bird or & human being?—J. R. A. The power of vision attains its highest development among _birds, which poss both the keenest an the most far-sighted vision. Q. What is meant by Fabian tac- tics?—E: P. A, Fablan tactics, in military par- lance, is used to denots tactics the chief aim of which is to weary and exhaust the enemy. A. Chicago stands first in this re-J (Have you a gquestion you want anawered? Semd it to The Star In- formation Bureou, Fre Has- kin, - director, 1230 North Copitol street. The only charge for this service is £ cents in atampa for re- turn postage.) of Connaught Joins Norfolk Royal Colony mother's Ashton property, the |tailed estates. including Lumle: Castle, in Durham, and the severai peerages. going to young Lawrence Lumley, whose elder brother fell in the great war as an officer of his father's old regiment, the 1ith Hus- ish peers can boast of more illustrious ancestry. For Lord | Scarbrough is descended from Lyulp! |Lumley, whose wifc was a grand |daughter of the Anglo-Saxon K |judgment on Mary Queen of Seot | condemning her fo death. In splie | of this, her son, Kin® James 1, in hia leisurely progress from Edinburgh |to London to assume the throne of England, after the demise of Queen Elizabeth, rested some days at Lum ley Castle, an edifice dating from the reign of Edward I, last of Eng- as the gues eentenced his Although most hospitably _ entertained, the _canny monarch was told so much by his host about the antiquity of the Lum- leys—thers is a magnificent heraldic tree at the castle, in which the Lumley pedigres was carried back to the creation of the world—that Jamea got quite bored and finally quite pathetically entreated his host to let up, exclalming, “Mon! Gang nae further. Let me digest what T hae gotten. I didna ken until noo {hat Adam’s family name was Lum- ey.” The fourth Earl of Scarbrough, who was likewiso the twelfth Lord Lumley, married the youngest sister and heiress of Sir George Savile of Rufford Abbe: and from thenceforth the name of Savile became assoclated with that of Lumley, in the double-barreled . pa- tronymics of the Earls of Scarbrough. Savile is a familiar name to students of American history. For the Sir George Savile above mentioned as own- er of Rufford Abbey took a very promi- nent part in the house of commons ! championing the rights of the Ameri can colonists prior to the outbreak of the war of independence which, if he had had his way, would have been averted by means of wise concessions. He also champloned the cause of Catho- lic emancipation, for which his town house in London was wrecked during the so-called Gordon riots. ok k% The seventh Earl of -Scarbrough was a parson and a canon of Yorkminster, But he could hardly be called a man of God. For he crippled his eldest son by his violence, and broke his own neck while ouy fox hunting. The next and eight ¥arl Scarbrough did muot marry but left several fllegitimate eous, bee queathing to them, not the Scarbrough estates, which are strictly entailed, but all tha Rufford Abbey property, which they were to hold In turn, assuming the name and the arms of the Saviles, on the understanding that, in default of their male Issue, the property should re« vert to tho earldom of Scarbrough. One of these sons was raised to the peerage as Lord Savile for his services as a diplomat, and it {s his nephew, the present Lord ‘Savile, likewlse a veteran of the diplomatic service, and only sur- viving grandson of the seventh Lord Scarbrough, who {s the actual owner of Rufford Abbey. A few years ago, after attaining his sixtieth year as a child- less widower, he married young Mr Claude Levita, who presented him. 1919, with a small son and helr. Fail- ing ‘this little boy, the Rufford Abbey estates, which are very valuable, wiil revert to the earldom of Scarbroug from which they were alienated by th seventh earl. Lady Scarbrough, in her vounger days, was a very handsome woman, celebrated for her magnificent Titisn red hair, Her only son. by her first marriage to the muitl-millionaire, Robert Ashton, died a year before the outbreak of the war. He was one of / the most popular and best looking of- ficers of the Second Life Guards, al- ways in mischlef, whence his nicks name of “Tho Scamp.” He created, not long before his death, a sensation ‘bi rp:un: away with the Englls,