Evening Star Newspaper, December 19, 1923, Page 24

Laws to License Vary Political Considerations in Several Jeop- ardize Health and Lives of People, Medical Writers Declare. BY UORRIS FISHBEIN, M. D, | Amnociate itor, Journal of Ameri- ean Medical Axsociation, AND NATHAN P. COLWELL, M. D. Neeretary, Council on Medical Educa- tion and Hospitals of American Medical Assoclation. Connectiout and Missouri have awai- ened. The newspapers of New York and the New England states are de- manding action. Legislatures and oublic officials throughout the coun- ry are holding {nnimerable confer- rices and giving frenzled interviews n which they are trying to justity themselves to the people for the licensing of incompetent physicians. The state of Connectlcut, which for more than five years has passed un- noticed the warnings of the Journal of the Amorican Medical Association that it was permitting an influx of soorly qualified and wholly unqualified physicians, is taking stern and sum- mary action. What about the situa- tion in other states? Is there no way which such « pitiful spectacle can be prevented! For many rarding American Med Asoclation. Since 1900 the Journal of the Amerl- can Medical Assoclation has patient- earnestly and steadfastly called fon to the perils of the situa- Some, indeed most, states have ineeded the warning; others have per- | mitted the cleaning up of Ameriean | medical education to be made the | opportunity for the unprincipled to icquire political infldence and a few paltry dollars to the menace cf the hhealth and the lives of \he peopds of | their states. To understand the situ- ation properly and see how the con- ditions were permitted to arise a his- torical paragraph is requir Medical Education in America. Following the clore of the civil war the number of medical schools in the United States began to increase rap- idly. If the truth is to be told, the création of many of these schools was the result of a selfish interest on the part of the men constituting their faculties. There was money to be made by teaching students. So the standard of medical education in America became an offense in the sight of the honest, able, farseeing leaders of American medicine. In 1908 there were 162 medical col- Jeges in the United States—more than in all the rest of the world. In 1923 this number had been reduced 10 eighty. In 1906 there were two medical ~colleges with satisfactory entrance requirements—two out of 162, In 1923 there were €oventy-four cut of eighty with satisfactory en- trance requirements. Toduy |, the standard of medical education in'the T'nited States is as high as that anywhers else in the world. In 1914 sohools were required to demand of thelr students one vear of college work before entrance and in 1918 They were requested to ask two years of, preliminary college education. The council on medical education looked over the fleld of medical knowledge, which had increased in the past fifty years more than in the pravious fifty centurl It saw that proper medical teaching required an xtended and complex course of study; t laboratories were necessary, mu- seums, dispensaries and hospitals. Tt jated 'the minimum amount of such requisite for a first- school, and it sald: will limit its course ° properly qualified to study medicine and that can provide these appurtenances in a class A medical school.” Then it looked over a number of nther schools and it said: “These schools lack only in certain essen- tials of equipment and in minor ways and can be fixed up to meet the re- quirements. and we will put them in B untjl they can meet the stipu- ns.” And then it listed a nu ber of schools which refused to c operate in requiring adequate stan ards, which refused to submit lists of students, which refused to or could not provide adequate cquipment, and it_said: “Thes ools will require a omplete reorgan 3 they. must | come up to the standard.” put them in class C. Now it is important at this point, certain l=gal aspects The council on med- ical education of the American Med- ical Assoclation has no legal powers. The council has no authority to go into a medical school and Inspect but it does 30 on the invitation of the authorities of the school. It cannot compel the authorities of the school fo submit lists of students and thelr qualifications to study medicine, but vraoctically all of the medical schools now submit such lists voluntarily. When they do not, other means are sometimes found for securing lists of students. The bodies responaibie for seeing to it that only competont phy- niclane are permitted to practics med- icine are the state licensing boards. These bodies have legal powers; they are responsible to public officlals und through them to the people of the states. State Licensing Boar hese boards are established by the islatures in the several states. Nal- urally the medical practice law in each state is intended to safeguard the public against incompetent and untrained physicians. In most of the states it does. laws are passed after the medic: practice act is _established, may have the effect of nullifying If there is such a thing as scient! medicine; 1f there are such diseases a3 smallpox, tuberculosis, typhold fever and measles, which produce definite changes in the human body, t stands to reason that every one who wants to treat human disease ought to be able to recognize the changes brought about by such die- ease, to diagnose them when pres- ont, to know how to apply preventive measures to keep other people from gotting them. Legislatures in various states have created not one body in each of the states to pass on every man who wants to practice medicine and treat the sick, but ninety-six separate and independent boards whic] control medical licensure in the forty-eight states, Alaska and the District of Columbia. In some states there are actually five or six different boards, created by a8 many independent med- ical practice acts and outlining' as many different standards of educa- tional qualifications. Out of the confused mass of legal stipulations which has been described welter of loophole legislation the pub- lic dnterest has been disregarded. This it {s that has permitted such in- stitutions as the Kansas City College of Medicine and Surgery and the St. Louis College of Physicians and Sur- Zeons to turn out low-grade, unquali- fied physicians. This it is that has permitted the growth of the various medical cults and peculiar healers who claim to be able to treat all dis- ~ases by manipulations, mental meth- o s, hot air, or any one of a doren or more nondescript methods. Bear {n mind that the medical pro- fession of America places no onus on #ny method of treatment of disease. 1t does feel that there should be a single standard of fundamental knowledge, of preliminary education, of education in anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and pathology, which are basic sclences: of dlagnosis and of preventive medicine. Statew Which Attract Quacks. In Arl sas during the last five vears 1 aduates of low grade ical eges have been licensed 1o _prectice medicine. In this state 147 were licensed by the eclectic hoard of medical examiners and only 2 by the regular board. Eclecticism i# a eystem of medicine now prac- | Psychalogist’s Tes e Greatly Between States! ™yt s somimi. - TAR WASHINGTO way expressed his perfect satisfac- on, o Annie Laurie’s Home. From the Los Augeles Times. Some American millionaire is 1tkely to buy the home of Annle Laurfe. It comes far from being a humble cot. It is, in fact, tthe castle of Cratgdar- rach in Dumtriesshire, Scotland, and it 18 a portly estate of 2,700 acre! cluding seven rich farms, & Jarge grouse preserve and sundry trout streams. There is, besides, the bsau- tiful Georgian garden surrounding the residence, which was laid out by the falr Annle herself when she wax the wife of Alexander Ferguson of Crajgdarrach.. 1t was there she died 1761 at the ripe age of seventy- years and she lies burled In the ent family cemetery on the es- {om.? TWO NATURAL FEAR But there were two thinks that all |the infants were afraid of—Iloud noises and being without a support. When an iron bar was struck sharply | behind an infant the sound always caused the infant's hairs—if it had any—to stand on end, its muscles to | become tense and its body to with- that we have to| 4., B om the vicinity of the sound And some people | 5o a grown-up reacts when, in the | ed u great deal|middie of the street, a horn speaks | along this lir here are really, in his ear. | this psychologist tells us. only two| We act the same way when i tiings we're naturally afraid of we are accustomed to is take *Go to the Infant, the unadultcrated, |1t is a real scared baby that comes uneducated, uncorrupted infant, and | down with “the cradle and all," just| find out. At least that's what the|as It would be a real scared com- psychologist did. | muter who would walk across the tically extinct, which is based on the | He tried out all kin on | East river on two-foot flat gang- beliof that there is a spocial mingle the Infant wung across where the Brook remedy for every disease. It involves |tigers and idge now hangs the use of many plant substances, and ,and whales & Gshor 1e sclentific study has shown that many : mention many rer animals, He | gist tells us ot the plant remedies employed have | built bonfires the infant. The | them up like a heuse of blocks. no action whatever. rinfant did not mind any of them, but [accumulate them like a r In California during the past five |simply sald “dada” or in some other|ball accumulatles more sn Joare 342 Eraduates of oW Rlade - | e 0000000005800 stitutions were licensed. : ey s raduates or close | S 8SSESS88S88SE83E8328328828328888388328382822328828838838838338238833238838L C medical schools have been licensed. . In Ilinols 177 class C graduates | have been licensed. i In Massachusetts 146 class C gradu- ates have been licensed. In Missourl 141 class C graduates have been licensed. In Texas 112 low have been licensed in th» five-vear period, of whom only 14 were licensed by examination, while 98 were ensed by reciprocity. Before proceeding with the case of | Connecticut, it may be desirable to ex- | plain this matter of reciprocity. Thers are two ways In which a candidate may obtain a license to practice medicine; one, by passing an examination in the ! Physicians From the New York Sun | A noted psychologlist tells us most ‘fears are unnatura learn to be afraid. seem to have lear upport | away nin. anc e —_— Be kind to the chap with the new Many of the cranks of yester- originated much’ that is ‘appre- cluted today. this phycholo- | arned. We bulld Ghe a-onom?.(‘g‘ner Zthend H 8 the other, by obtaining a license in one | state, walting a suitable time—usually | @& one or two years—and then applying | ®@ for and obtalning a license by reci- procity in some other state, which has | made an agreement with thé state from ' which he comes. i Some thirty-nine states have estab- lished reciprocal relations with sever or more other states in instane by which the license to practice med cine of the first state is accepted in | lleu of an examination by the second. Obviously this has both great advan: tages when properly red and serious disadvantages when improperly administered. These facts are brought out to make clear one point. We propose to show that the graduates of the class ' medi- | cal schools are not admitted to the licensing examination of the regular medical boards in the vast majority of | the states, but they are admitted in some states. They also are admitted | to examination by the speial—partion- larly the eclectic board—in certain states. Once admitted they constitute a petential menace to every other stat with which these states reciprocate. (Coprright, 1023, in United States and Great ritatn’ by North American Newspaper Alliance. All rights reserved.) BRADDOCK REALLY BURIED. Y 22342231 e s s seessesessessetsssasssesssssesesss $3833338388323832388838332388323383883823888382383838338388 Bones Not in Pittsburgh Museum as Descendant Believed. From the Kansas City Times. The proposal for digging up and bringing to America the body of Gen. | Oglethorpe. founder of the colony of Georgia, has fallen through, and it is to be hoped that Oglethorpe and others of the mighty dead will be allowed to rest peaceably In their graves. It is particularly well for America that this barbarity was not committed for already there Is sus- picion of a certain obtuseness in such matters. For instance, Elizabeth Braddock, in a recent issue of the London Daily Mail, apparently In good faith asked whether America would be willing to deliver “the skeleston of Gen. Brad- dock, which it s understood now reposes under a glass case in the Pittsburgh museum.” The New York Herald announces, after a careful investigation, that Miss Braddock’s susplcion as to the ! last resting place of her illustrious namesake is unfounded. Pittsburgh historians who made a study of th Braddock tragedy report the pla of the defeated commander’s burial is not accurately known, but it is cer- tainly not a glass case in the Pitts- burgh museum. George T. Fleming, who wrote a history of the expedition which ended in Braddock'’s defeat and death. states Some of the most effective styles of the season are included — Silk and the popular wool weaves—in smart designs for the young- er woman and more conservative models for those of maturer age and taste. Original cre- ations; exclusive models. Secsnt Diocr. through the forest. and that cannon were hauled over the spot to prevent the Indians from finding and dese- crating the body. Another narrative has it, that the remains were dis- interred and again buried some time after the battle. A monument now marks ‘the supposed site of this grave, and its site in the town of Braddock, five miles east of Pitts- burgh. is belleved to be approxi- mately correct. THE SOLDIER IN POLITICS. 40-inch Sealine Coat, with Skunk collar and cuffs; extrs fine skins; trimmed with Skxunk. Reduced from $150 to 42-inch Marmot Coats; with large Rac- coon collars and cuffs from $139.75 48 -inch Northern Seal Coats (dyed muskrat); gor- geous lining of silk; excep- tionally well made. P $79.75 40-inch Marmot Coat. border effect; deep shawl collar. Reduced from 815000 to......... . with reversed $119.75 45-inch Coney From the Manchester Guardian. The rather ludicrous fiasco of Lu- dendorff suggests once more that sol- diers are very rarely successful when it comes to a political coup d'etat Perhaps it may be well for mankind that military men often seem to lack that instinctive sense of a situation which goes with political eminence. 1t may be objected that Cromwell was & soldler, but the objection {8 not sound, for Cromwell was a politiclan long before he became a soldier, and had lesrned in the house of commons how to overawe the house. Had he been only a soldier he might never have been the most absolute ruler England has know: Napoleon faltered almost fatally in his great political crisis. and it was his brother, the politician, who saved the situation and opened ‘up for him the serfes of moves which ended the French revolution. It was Bismarck, the politician, who, in the teeth of the generals, persuaded “Old Willlam” | not to occupy Vienna and so made ible the German empire. Napoleon III was no soldler, though he aspired to military renown, and his coup d'etat was the scheme of a politician: and it was the politicians | who overthrew Charles Italy recently the triumph of Mussolini was the triumph of & politician, not of | the generals. At present we have seen only one chapter of the Greek revolution, and it is becoming more and more likely that the end will be with the politiclans; it is possible that the same will be true of Spain. 40-inch Sealine Coat, mad wnmu ected skins with excellent silk.. Muskrat Coat, made of fine Coat; splen- did skins; with flowing 534.75 southern skins; excellently ‘well matohed and superiorly ML $80.25 $198.75 :$49.75 48-inch Sealine Coat, with large Civet Cat collar and cuffs. Reduced from $149.75 to 40-inch Genuine NWudson Seal Coat, with Skunk col- lar and cuffs. A $300 coat. Reduced to.... $119.75 Ehristmgs Buggestions Street Floor—Fancy Boxes for Everything Boxable pMotba Toveine sl 75 . 98¢ $1.98 $2.98 initials; excellent quality. Six in a box Satin Camisoles — built-up or strap mod- els; lace trimmed or plain; flesh color. Chemise—crepe de chine; full cut; all colors . 5 Forgot the Combination, A negro was driving along the road In a ramshackle bugi drawn by bony, spavined old" horse. when & stranger hailed him: “Hello, uncle! Can you get me to the statlon in time for the next train?" “No, suh; I don't believe I kin, suh. This ‘s a broken-down ol cavalry hawse. You cain't git him offen a Wi 3 :o)u{'w." B (uh! ou say he's an old caval horse? Let me drive him.’ % The man climbed upon the seat and took the reins. “Make ready he called out sharply. “Charge!" The old horse pricked up his ears and broke into a gallop. As they eached the station the man shouted, ‘Halt!" The horse obeyed. The man fiipped old John a quarter. The mnext day two young men stopped John and asked him to take them to the station as quickly as pos- ible. “Suttingly, gen'I'men,” said John. “Git right in” He gathered up the reins and_shouted: ‘Make ready! e!” The horse broke into a gal- lop and soon reached the station. ready to jump, gen'l'men,” John, looku*» frightened, shouted fo his fares. “T've done forgot de word what stops him. Potticoats — Tri- coknit and Sik Jer- every desirable Boudoir C sateen trimmed. shades .... Chiffon Hose; foct quality v‘:y fine; all popular colors Special Sale of the Popular Colonial Pumps Thi« is the Shoe that the whole community is talking about, and we're bringing you the choice of Tan, Gunmetal and Patent Leather—at a ——S8trest FlooT— ) Some Home Brew. From the American Legion Weekiy. Two manufacturers of home-cooked moonshine liguor were indulging in persifiage corcerning the relative ex- cellence of their products. ._¥I make mine so strong,” said one, ‘“that the man who drinks it can smell the hayseed in the hair of the y_who plow the corn.’ ‘Hmpf!” was the contemptuous comeback of the other. recently spilled a little of mine on a garden where my wife had planted some modest violets, d when those seeds 099?:0"‘”0“ SAscAasasLtAAANAALAARSANY grew up they were tiger lilles LRSS R L g S L A SEee eSSt e et ee e ssss et e ss et sssteetee ettt s s e e et eessssseesssseessssssssssseesssssssssessssssssssesssssssssiss zzzzxzmzmzwmmummmmmwwmmm D. ¢, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1923, ust in Time for hristmas Comes is Great Sale of--- "CANDY Fresh, pure, delicious candies—the kind that you and the kiddies lik Due'to our large purchasing power and quick “turn-over,” the following low prices prevail. In many instances the prices are lower than some dealers have to pay wholesale. Come now to Peoples and save on your Christmas Candies. A Delightful Assortment! Social Sweets One Pound Box.............39¢ Two and a Half Pound Box. . .95c Five Pound Box...........$1.59 —Chocolate-covered peppermints, caramels., marsh- mallows, creams and many other sweetmeats may be found in this attractively wrapped box of delicious candies. An ssortment that delights everyone. Stuffed Dainties; Hard Candies Pound, 39c. 5-pound tin, special, $1.75 In our opinion this is the most delicious hard candy that is made— re ess of price. A pure sugar candy filled with nuts and fruit-creams. Kiddies and “grown-ups” alike enjoy this fresh, tempting candy. Here’s an extra good value! Greentfield’s Chocolate Sponge 2Y; Pound Box, $1. 00 —A confection which is known by almost everyone — delicious molasses “‘crispies” with a pure, rich chocolate coating. Two and a quarter pounds in an attractive holly box. Specially priced, $1.00. Chocolate-Covered Cherries Pouand Box—Special, 49 C Big, specially selected cherries in liquid cream and coating of delicious chocolate. A real treat for your sweet tooth. Full pound in an attrac- tiva hox. Special, 49c. Other Pure, Delicious Candies---Priced Low Nif-T-Nibbs Hard Candies, lb., 23¢c; 51lbs...............$1.05 Reed’s Butter Scotch Wafers, 1b., 23c; 5 lbs. ...$1.00 Chocolate-Covered Almonds, Ib., 59¢; 51bs..............$2.65 Nut-Stuffed Dates, Ib.,, 39¢c; 51lbs...........cc..........$L75 Famous Mixture Chocolates, Bon Bons and Gum Drops, Ib., 29¢; 5 Ib . $1.35 Mama Lou Homemade Candy, 1b., 49¢; 2 Ibs., 95¢; 5 lbs.. .$2.25 Pure Sugar Peppermint Dice, 1b., 23¢c; 51bs..............$1.00 Walnut Tops (Chocolate Creams), lb., 39c; 5 Ibs.. ... ... .$1.75 In all of our stores you will find a complete assortment of Whi man’s fine candies. 16 Stores—the better to serve you PEIREREDERELP LDV LV EVVRVEVEDVIVERVERVEVELTR ) \