Evening Star Newspaper, September 30, 1923, Page 77

T EMB! 3 HE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D.' C, SEP T, 0, 1923—=PART 5. [ Important New Fashions for the Girl on the Way to Her School BY ANNE RITTENHOUSE, T is no longer a convincing theory that certain fashions are for the Young. It is better fo say that the old should be restricted. Girls are right in believing that fashions are -conceived for them. They rec- ognize few limitations. There are mothers who try to im- Press upon the malleable mind that youth should fiy all.the signals of Youth. They attempt to repress so- phistication. They abolish -black from the wardrobe. They even request their &irls to wear plaited hair in con- trast to the bobbed locks of the| majority, Some would go as far as; hair ribbons. But asking & girl to dress a certain way without meeting opposition is too rare a result to spek of as a commonplace. The truth is that the schoolgirl has the world of fashion flung at her for whatever disposal she may make of it. She is the symbol of the times. It is her type of figure, her loose, disjointed carriage, emaciation and small face that dictate the kind of clothes other women should wear. 1f she preserves distinction, if she can achieve a con- trast between her clothes and those of every age who imitate and envy her, she has accomplished much. She should attempt to look really younger than she is. That's the game for her to play. It may not be to her liking, | until she s the fun of it. But if | ~he make! up her mind to choose from | & wealth of fashion the things that are impossible for the middie-aged woman she is eanny. 4 Such things are at her disposal this season. There are tam-o'-shanters, im- mense cravats, elogated middy blous extra short skirts, brilliant and eccen- trie plaids, exaggerated Peter Pan col- lars, peasant slceves, velvet bolero jackets, plain and embroidered, to be found in the shops. It takes a brave middle-aged woman to attempt these items. Even the young married set are not so keen about them, unless they are touched with more formality. Yoops at the hips continue in fashion for the young when they dance and dine,.but they are not smart for those who have passed the first milestone of youth. That should give the school- girt conggnt, for she likes hoops. They serve that never-failing love for the theatrical that is born with a female child. 22 HE way to do the hair is to eliminate the permanent wave. Shingled, is the term for short locks. Through the spreading influence of this revived fashion we may be spared the pain of gazing at an uncombed mags of short hair that would be fit for an Abyssinian bride; we may not have to struggle to See the actors on the other side of the footlights through something that looks like a mattress without ticking; we may be free from having that same mass combed into our faces at public places. To be smart, says Paris, the hair must be sleek and as short as a boy's at the back, even though it fluff over the temples. It may be parted on the <ide or in the middle. It must look wet, an effect obtained by brushing it with | brilliantine. The schoolgirl can wear her hair in this manner better than most of our sex. She will find it far more zracious than the friazled, outstand- ing mop of burned locks. If .she wants to be very French, she.will search for a round comb such a new her grandmother wore to push back the front of the hair. Short curls are good at the tem- ples, They should not be ragged and jagged, but smoothly curled, in the Victorian manner. The two flat locks, carefully plastered into an Interrogation above the cheek bones, should be left to older women. It is fashionable to copy this coiffure of a man in & more romantic gen- eration’ when straps were put on his trousers to keep them snugly fitting over the instep. 1f American women like the fashion it will be found difficult to adjust it to thek faces, but the schoolgirl should let it alone. , It s not easy for the milliners to persuade us away from hats that once were man’s groperty. Naturally, we take up with the masculine coif- fure to further the effect, but we are better at the former than the latter. Much of what we know as fashionable millinery has been found- ed on what was invented for men. This season the @oche will rule. It suits a schoolgirl. It is of felt with a ribbon band and cockade at side, two ornamental pins run through the crown Nothin, new in it, but its TOPCQAT FOR STREET AND TRAVEL, OF BEIGE AND BROWN STRIPES, FORMING A PLAID. OF BEIGE-COLORED CARACUL. THE F. THE HIGH REVER COLLAR 1S STENING IS AT THE SIDE, WHERE IT TIES WITH CLOTH ENDS. | i | | | i { ! Therefore, excellent appearance continuance, The beret Justifies is offered in several sizes, but it is better large than small. The kind with a sectional crown is rather commonplace by now. It has crowded the counters where cheap hats are offered and though this does not. condemn fit, the critical schoolgirl wants something & bit dif- ferent. She gets it in the extrava- gant beret once worn by the Latin Quarter students, It is pure bravado to make' such a hat of green satin, but it js done. There is a cravat to match it worn under a distended Peter Pan collar on a white shirt waist. This Peter Pan collar, by the way, was so en- thusiastically takeh up by the well dressed French women in the sum- mer that it returms to our clothes, via Deauville, Other berets are bullt of velvet, which s the tradi- tional fabric for such .hats; some are of suede, some of taffeta. Em- broldered suede is very good. Gray, with ' sflver monogram or school ‘crest at one side, dark blue with dull red embrofdery in a fanciful design, deep purple with black are safe combinations. If the girl wears {her hair in a plat the beret is the best possible choice. If she cuts it short she has more latitude. The visored jockey cap with its sectional crown ranks high in fashion this season, but It has an air of eccen- tricity - that is not fitting for a schoolgir]. Goodness knows, the youngsters are sufficiently sophisti- cated these days ‘without the aid of exaggerated clothing. * ok k k 0 much.for heads and hats. Frocks and wraps are of considerable importance also. Possibly there is only one cos- tume on which the finger can be put when ona searches for girl's clothes which few, if any, adults can wear. This is the Spanish bolero, the frilled blouse, the pleated skirt in bright plaids. Such an assembling makes one of the smart costumes that leaped Into the limelight when school days came over the horizon. The designers of clothes’are turn- ing to Spain for inspiration. Once that country Ted the world in fash- ions for women and men. France took the lead away from her in the sixteenth centugt, but she is re- turning to the Spanish fashions of ithe era when Seville and Madrid had the first and final say in where- withal we should be clothed. She returns to Chinese fashions, also, after the manner of her seventeenth century alliance. The schoolgirl can adopt many of these ideas to her juvenile costumery. #The brilliant shawl is not for her, even in the evening, but the bolero, the hat with the pointed crown, the broad sash about the diaphragm. the sleeveless jacket, the frilled white blouse, the wide skirt, the flounces of old Spain, suit girlishness and youth. sh which to pick what she likes. The new middy blouse smacks of China. It is somewhat of a tunic, minus the gay embroldery or fanci- ful brocade. There's one of red serge that reaches the knees; it is straight and unbelted; the sleeves are long and tight at wrists, the neck opening is boat-shaped. Its glory or adorn- ment lies in the cravat. It is of green ribbo: has a wide arc fr © froM {16 the Napoleonic perigd. its | you, i And such a{patterns from Egypt'or India. mind land lacquer red are the tw !and runs through a large deco- ration in green embroidery. The skirt below the middy is pleated at the sides. The Chinege tunic is siutable for a girl. It has become an established garment, but it swings around so large a circle in its various forms that it can be anything from a street jacket to an evening wrap. It is of brocade or cloth, of crepe satin or Chinese embroidery of the kind one buys -for a table cover. It can be shaped like a sandwich, in two panels that cover the back and front to show brightly colored chiffon or georgette sleeves after the manner of thé ' Mah - Jong gowns invented in Peking. It can be as sober as a glass of lemonade for contrast, with serge or kasha as the materlals and red br. green buttons down front for the! Chinese touch. Unless a girl is unduly matured, 4t Is wiser to choose any of these costumes rather than the severely tallored skirt and jacket. The O'Ros- sen style is the best, if she adopts this kind of costume. It has a short, narrow skirt and a partly fitted jacket fastemed with one button a trifle high-waisted. It flares a bit| from the waist and ends at turn’of the hips. The edges are bound with black or gray brald and the fabric is gray tweed. | * % % X HE overblouse is again dominant. | It gerves all needs. It is gay and costly, demure and feasonably priced. It has taken a place in semi-formal evening costumery which should de- 1ight a schoolgirl as it gives her a chance to provide gayety between the waist and head with sobriety between the waist and heels. - This trick:is what the Americans most dearly de- sire, in the opinion of the- French. These bright and colorful garments do for restaurant luncheon, after- noons or evenings at the theater, school dances and the holidays. A plain cloth or velvet skirt serves as a foundation for several blouses. The fashion of the season is the| cloth one-plece frock, but it has no novelty for a girl. It has been the corner stone of her wardrobe since the cradle, Yet in its present gulse it has new possibilities. It is really a combination’ of = blouse and skirt| joined wherever caprice or necessity | lead. Putting two opposing mate- | rials together at the lowest turn of | the hips has been the steady prac tice of the dressmakers until this sea- son, but as the slightly short-waisted effect has been exploited by flappers | during the summer, there is every ireason to belleve it will go on its| jaunty path through the winter. One | must be through the winter. One| must be very sure not to ape the em- | pire line too emphatically. Such a| sithouette is only acceptable for even- ing gowns. Even the Spanish hooped | frocks for dances have bodices tha are faintly related to those of Jose- | phine. They are too long to belong | The frock of one fabric from neck | to hem has a string belt, loosely tied | at the normal walstline. Ribbon is| used more frequently than fabric. | Often it is brightly colored. Velvet! ribbon is good. So is taffeta with a| picot edge. Whatever the weave, let| it be plain—no figuration, no printed | Green cho: colors whenever the hackground of the frock permits. The neckline of the new gosvn is boat-shaped as often as not, although the dressmakers put the sign of dis- approval upon it. They are miking an effort to reinstate other shapes, but the public is obstinate, as. it has been in the revival of wide skirts and flaring godets. It simply doesn’t ac- cept them; the leaders of ‘fashion stand out for the straight line of war ays. Sleeves are long, which iz not good rfiows to a schoolgirl; but in this day of individual fashions she can con- tinue to wear} short sleeves, though they must be really short; no com- promfses—arm caps or nothing. She may be as slim as a China- man in her street clothes, but she can leap into thte second empire, via | FORMAL FROCK FOR YOUNG GIRL. IT IS OF NAVY BLUE VELVET, BORDERED WITH CREPE DE CHINE IN A BRIGHT TONE OF BLUE. THE STREAM. ERS ARE MADE OF THE TWO FABRIC Spain, in evening costumery. Fiounces and long bodices, littie hoops a: the knees or hips, yellow. and red for col- ors, are ameng the things chosen. It is a pleasant trick, this chang- ing from one period to another when., sunlight changes to electric light. It adds to the gayety. It gives ome a chance to be different, the thing so : ardently desired by women: (Copyright, 1923.) Making the Cactus Pay JEACH year our huge flelds of cactus- ~ on the western plains are made to yield some new form of profit that will eventually make our waste lapd and its sole product truly valuable, The latest use of the prickly plant has been the turning of it into good cattle food. The thorns would make rough eating, of course, but they may. either be burned off by gasoline torch. or softened by being chopped with the plant ahd allowed to steep in the Juices, so that cattle can consume the whole in combination with other foods. It has been found that such food increases the supply of milk. The glutigous material obtained from the plant’s leaves gives promise of be- coming a valuable paper size, and the small red fruits are yielding a profit- able supply of alcohol and a very ex- cellent vegetable coloring matter for many purposes. Floorless Bridge. l\E“' MEXICO boasts of a unique automobile bridge, believed to he the first of its kind in the world The bridge was constructed by a mail and passenger stage line to =pan the Macho, a creek on the route. The beams are thrown across the chasm, with no other support than the banks. Hence no concern need be had for freshets. Moreover, to save expense as well as to secure a most effective cattle guard, no floor was laid. The automobile that traverses this bridge practically runs on a track. This track 1s constructed in the form of two shallow, narrow troughs, so that the tires fit in, with no danger of the machine meeting disaster.” The driv- ers cross the bridge at full speed. with no more concern than if the bridge were of the usual sort | Nervous passengers do not enjoy this In feet feature of the ride, however. length the bridge is sixty-four and has proved most satisfactory. Untouched Irish Wealth. RECENT reports on the mineral re- sources of County Leitrim and adjacent parts of Ireland indicate the possibility of developing a great min- ing industry in that country. Experts say that the Connaught coal fields are capable of yielding from 20,000,000 to 30,000,000 tons, and of supporting thou- sands of laborers, although at present they do not maintain one hundred. So the iron-seamed district between Drom- ahair and Arigna, which might be ex- pected to give employment to tens of thousands and to develop a “‘miniature Pittsburgh,” at present does not sup- port a solitary individual. Liver and Egg Salad. Take one cupful of chopped cooked liver; eitlier boiled or fried, three hard-boiled eggs, and two small onions. Chop the eggs and liver to- gether, but not too fine. Chop the onion 'very fine. Mix all with a French dressing and on lett People in Buffer State of the Baltic Optimistic as to the Future CARPENTER. RIGA, Latvia. T is interesting to talk with men who are making a nation. Take this republic of Latvia. I have | already described it as three times the size of Massachusetts, with a population of one to two million people. Formerly a part of Russia, it is now one of the buffer states be- tween that great political entity and the countries of western Europe. and it Is likely to have a most important place for a generation or so in the future. Closely allied to Finfand. Esthonia, Lithuania and Poland, it is a part of this world of the Baltic| republics which has jumped into be# ing and which is carving out its; destiny in the development of .they new Europe. It is like talking with | the founders of our country within a | vear or so after we declated our in-} dependence of England, when Wash- ington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and men of that sort were {rylng to build a firm foundation for our republic. There are men of the same sort here in Latvia, and I may say they have about the same job. I give you today interviews with wo of them. One is Karlis Ulmanis, who, like Thomas Jefferson, aided in writing the comstitution of the new nation, and the other i& Dr. Z. A. Melérovigs, the premier. who is practically the head ‘of the government of this in- fant republic. Both men are young. mnd both are live, active forces. who] will have much to do in the political problems of the present and future. Tt was in his offices at the castle, looking_out on the wide Dvian river, that I had my chat with Dr. Meiero- vics. 1 had made my way past the helmeted guard at the gate, crossed | a court and climbed the stairs, going | by soldier after soldier, until I came to the uniférmed captain who is ad- jutant to the Latvian premier. He led me into a room forty feet square, furnished somewhat like one of the: reception rooms of our State Depart- | ment, and heated by a porcelain | stove, reaching from the floor to the cefling. Dr. Meierovics sfiook hands | with me as we gvere introduced, and ! we sat side by side on a sofa as we | talked. T was surprised at the youth BY FRANK G. | [ | of the premier. He is, I judge. of about thersame age as Thomas Jeffer- con was when he was Secretary of State, and llke Jefferson he was brought, up on a farm. His mother dled a few days after he was born, and his father when he was only four vears of age. He was educated in the Riga Polytechnic School and the Uni- versity ‘of Moscow, after which he had some diplomatic experience under the ezar. * % N % Y first question was that which AVL arises when one thinks of any of these little republics. It was to the permanency of Latvia. Meierovics said: < “Wé Letts have but little doubt to the sound foundation of our re- public. We ‘are a homogeneous peo- ple, full of patriotism and naturally strong. We are always ready to fight r our rights and during the years ‘glu'lng the first Russian revolu- ion we battled again and.again for Dt our independence. We organized government at the earliest possible moment, anq I may say that we are now on our feet. We have had no help outside the United States, and notwithstanding that our currency is stable and our credit grows better every week. Every one is at work. We have in_the neighborhood of a quarter of a million here in Riga, and the unemployment does not number more than 300. We are rapidly ad- vancing politically, and our relations with our neighbors are goo “How do’ you reconcile the justice | of your confiscation of the estates of the nobles and the giving of them to the ‘peasants?”’ I asked. i “That is easy.” replied the premier. | “It, was a political and economic necessity. On ane side were the Rus- sian bolsheviks proposing a common division of property, and on the other a land-hingry péople which had been kept out of its rights for seven cen- turies. We had to divide the lands to withstand bolshevism, and at the same time the economic reasons were many. “How about the Balts?’ 1 inquired. “Can you satisfy them and make them good Latvian citizens?” ¥ “I think so, although It may not be for some time to come. We have not fixed, as yet. what is to be done .in | the way of settlement. We have left | each of the estate owners from sixty | to_one hundred hectares (150 to 250 acres). which fs a large fgrm here | in Europe. We have also allowed | him to keep, as far as possible, his | houses, stock and farm implements. At this time only about fiftéen of the families have moved away. The re- mainder are taking part-in politics and we have quite a percentage of them in the conmstitient assembly.” “Suppose Russia should establish a republic.. Would Latvia join it as one of the states? “I doubt whether there will ever be a Russian republi replied the premier. “Russia has so many dif- ferent races and peoples and locali- ties, each with its own political in- terests, that it is difficult to see how they can combine into one autono- mous democratic whole. We bLat- vians go not belong to the same race as the Russiang. They are Slavs. We are Indo-Europeans. We think dif- ferently and have different ambitions. I can see no reason why Russia should fnsist upon the possession of Latvia. We are a transit state, a country between Europe and Russia, s0 constituted geographically that we. form the natural entrance to that great empire of .the, east. .We have five railway linés running out from our excellent harbors dnd the entry of goods will -bé as' free as though the | harbors belgnged to Russia itself. We ! shall havé Téee porés and there will | be no duty«gn:goods sent across the | country, This'was the place we held undelthe.old regime. i Siberian game, buttewm,Epalss . dnd’ other produéts came fgrofs here:to ithe Raltie” and were * shipped oufs'T¥om our ports. Raw ‘materials were brought dn here and manufactured into products for Russia and Siberla. Thesa: relation: will be renewed when indistrial Ris sla is again on its feet.” “What can we do for Latvia?” asked, a| | | b ¥ P PO OO T TS T T DTS TSI TS TS TSI T T T T T T T DA A A A D>, Meierovics and Ulmanis D;SC\.\SS prospect 0{ Independence and the Relations Betweén Latvia and Russia—Premier Tells How the United States Saved the Nation—A Russian Re- public Impossible—Land Reform and the Balts—Why Karlis Ulmanis Left Russia—Bolshe- vism Unlikely in Latvia—How the Letts Held Back the Germans. T T DA AT DT AT A A A A A A A, A, <D A DA A DA e 2RT el ¢ g < “THE UNIVERSITY OF RIGA IS A CO-EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL* WITH 6,000 STUDENTS. LATVIA ALSO HAS 107 SECONDARY SCHOOLS, OR “You have already. done:a great deal,” replied the premier. “The United States came to us in our great need and fed the hungry. It kept us alive when on the edge of starva- tion, and it has shown itself to be our great and good friend. We ex- pect this relation to continue and that hope is founded upon the universal gratitude which prevails here for Arherica. “Kvery man, woman and child among us knows of your country. Tt is syhonymous with charity -and brotherly. love. We hope that our national, relations will grow closer and closer, and we should like to see !hfi,l‘nlud States reap the benefit of this Teeling. There is bound to be & great Russlan market and all bther nations are preparing to enter it. We shall be glad to welcome you, and hope that your exporting and manu- MORE THAN NORWAY, SWITZERLAND, facturing interests will establish branches and agencies here, ready to take advantage of the opening of the Russian market as soon as it comes. As 'to our own needs, they will be small, for we are comparatively poor; but we shall buy what we can and trade with you to the extent of our power. Like all the rest of Europe, we want loans, but only loans based upon credit; our interest will be paid promptly and the principal as soon as we can.” “What i$ your economle condition today?" “It is far beiter than that of most of the nations of Hurope. Our budget {s balanced and our wealth is begin- ning to grow. We have a good busi- ness people. They do not expect to get something for nothing, and are enthusiastically at work in the bufld- ing up pf the country.’ It was at his home here in Riga PORTUGAL OR RUMANIA.” that I talked with Karlis Ulmanis. He speaks English fluently, has vis- ited the United States and has a good knowledge of our country and people. I was interested in his reason for coming to America. It was a case of necessity. Said he: “I left Latvia in a hurry. powers that were then in force were not satisfied with my activities here and had I remained I should probably have been elevated about three feet' from the ground and left in a most | uncomfortable position. I returned | home in 1913, at the time of the gen- eral amnesty act. ¥ Karlis -Ulmanis has -always been notea for his independence, and inde- pendent thinkers were very unsafe in the old Russian empire. He is a natural leader and has something of the same personal mag- netism as my old friend Willlam J. Bryan, who turns black to white while he is speaking to you, although it gets black again when you leave. As Mr. Ulpanis talked, it seemed to me that tie Baltic barons had hoofs and horns, and that the taking away of the ‘greater part of their estates without any compensation as yet, and with very little compensation fin prospect, was an act of justice de- creed by God. As I reflect, it seems that there may be another side to the question and that this destruc- tion of all property rights is allied | somewhat to bolshevism. ) * HAD asked about the socialistic teeling of the people. He replied: “There is no bolshevism in. Latvia. There may have seemed to-be some when. We_took over the estates, but we.expect t0 pay the Balts for their lands ‘st~ the regular price. -At the present time that Is low, but it is “k % % not the fault of the government. Our land office is figuring out the values and in some way the old estate own- ers will receive compensation. “There is no need for anybody to fear a bolshevistic revolution in Lat- via,” continued Mr. Ulmanis. “That possibility disappeared when the lands were divided. Our people were land hung At the time of the revolution 75 per cent of Latvia was held by a few families, whose titles came from the conquests of the land barons hundreds of years In the past For generations the people had worked for their masters, and the: ihad but few rights that those mas- ters were bound to respect. This had { continued for centuries, and when the republic was established 65 per cent {of the rural populs had no lands whatever. Now the Jarge tracts have been divided into small holdings and there are thousands owning farms who had none before.” "What will be the effect upon your production?” “It will greatly increase. There is no manure so good for land as the foot of the owner, and these farms are so small that every farmer will tramp over every acre he owns every day. The land will be Intensively cultivated, anq that along the best {agricultural lines. We are thoroughly jallve as to our farming possibilities and we are doing all we can to edu- cate the pioneer farmers. There is a college of agriculture here in Riga and four agricultural high schools scattered over the country. We have four, experiment stations and twenty elementary farm schools, Our cen- tral associations are now employing about 200 specialists in agriculture of one kind or another.” “Are you an agriculturist or a dirt farmer?” “I am both. I am the son of a farmer and in my youth worked on the farm. Later I took up the study of how to better agricultural condi: itions in social and economical ways. “What is to be the future of Lat- vian farming?" “I imagine it will be along the same lines as those which have made Denmark so prosperous. We have much the same conditions and we shall probably be ®ne of the chief dairy farms for England and the other great industrial countries. Our specialties will be eggs, bacon and butter, with flax and grain in addi- tion. We are already shipping butter and eggs to London. We have es- tablished a co-operative movement and we have 500 co-operative so- cieties of consumers alone. We have 200 co-operatives for arranging mat- ters of credit, and the Co-operative Society of State Employes, which was of members and its turnover amounts {to many ‘million roubles a year. We ihave co-operative societies for buy- ing machinery and other supplies, and we are eliminating the middle- man as far as we can and giving the farmer the profit.” “What is to be the future of Latvia? Will your. nation have a skyrocket existence or is it to be a permanent member of the world powers?” “I am sure it will be permanent,” replied Mr. Ulmanis. “Latvia h: come to stay as an autonomous gov ernment, and the same is true of Finland, Esthonia, Lithuania and Poland. I o not apprehend a union of these several republics in the sense of having a Unfted States of the Baltic. I do.not believe there will be a United States of Russia. That country has a hundred different lan- guages and as ‘many different na- tionalities, and it can never come to- gether as a republican communt As to Latvia, it is ready to co-operate with Russia in a business way but not in any political union. Our ports will always be open to the peopls who live east of us, and our mission is to furnish a half-way station be- tween the east and the west. We shall have free ports at Riga, Win= dau and Libau, and here capital can come and manufacture for the Rus- sian market of the future. It is .the natural factory site for the 150 mil- lions of Slavs and your big American industries ought to come here and found branches.” * ok ok % CGCLJAVE the Letts enough culture to hold their own among the new nations?’ “Yes, we are more advanced than most of the others about us. We have more high schools to our popu- lation than Germany, and the number’ of newspapers and books published in Lettish is unusually large in pro- portion to the number of inhabitants. ¢ Our people are anxious for more edu* cation. They learn easily. They are hard working and have the faculty of stick-to-itiveness. We have already shown Europe that we can manage our own affairs and so far the acts of the government have not been at: all bad. We are good fighters.” W haq to drive out the Germans and bolshevists, and at one time we had «: 75,000 men under arms, when our population was only 1,600,000 We have a nation of patriots. Our wom-. en are great lovers of their country and during the war they took spade and shovel and worked with the: men.” “DId the Letts fight for Russia?" I asked. “Yes, notwithstanding Russia tried to wipe out our nationality and cul- ture before the war. We asked the csar to allow us to have a Lettish army and a Lettish general. He re- fused at first, but when Latvia was half conquered and there seemed no prospect 6f €aving the other half hes gave us the right and said we should have our autonomy if we drove out: the Germans. Then our whole nation th rears. organized about 1920, has thousands{y.o'q T went to arms. We fought with the enemy, .recovered Livonia, and Kkept the Germans at bay for more than Hindenburg said that n for the seven Lettish ., regiments Riga would have fallen. like & ripe berry into the dish of the kaiser. Nevertheless, when the bol- shevists met at Brest-Lilovsk, Latvia 4 was ceded to the Germans and the : cry went forth .that thie Baltic sea would be a great German lake. ' 1t was only after the armistice that the Letts were able to form their national - council and proclaim the country a%. free 'and sovereign state.” 3 (Copsright, 1923, Carnenter's World Travetey > s