Evening Star Newspaper, September 15, 1923, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY. .September 15, 1023 i'HEODOB-E W. NOYES........Editoer The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. a sslvania A New York Office: 110 Fast 42nd 8t. Chicago Office: Toswer Bullding. Furopean Offco: 10 Regent St., London, Eogland. with the Snnday morning The Fyening St o the city sdition, 1s delivered by ca 4t 60 cents month; Bunday only, 20 cents per mouth. Or- ders may be sent by mail, or telephone Main 8000, Collection is made by carriers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1yr. s‘s.w:x mo. 70¢ s 200 ly and Sund: Iy only. tinday only All Other State: 61ly and Sunday..1yr., $10. Dally only 1yr., &unday onl. 1yr., Member of the Associnted Press. The Assoclated Press jg exclusively entitled o the use for republication of all news dis- tebes credited to it or not otherwise credited n this paper and slso the local news pub- hed herein. Al rights of publication of pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. Dal D Labor Rejects Communism. By a vote of more than four to one the Tllinois Federation of Labor ye terday turned down proposals ad- anced by “oster for what is known a: unation,” or “one big union,” and the formation of a labor party. The fight had been on for two days. Foster was attacked vigor- ously as the head of an organization that under the guise of an innocent name is the direct agency of commu- nilsm in ca, as the representa- tive in this country of the radical forces of Europe. He denied these as- sertions, and offered the “books” of his asscciation as proof of his conten- tion that his organization is a true representation of American laber. 1t is gratifying and reassuring thus 10 see Foster repudiated by the Illinois federation. The vote there against his scheme of a labor party of the one big union, and his third proposal for the recognition of Russia may be regarded as about the sentiment of the Amerl can labor organizations in general on questions. In some of the unions entage of radicals is probably much lower than the onefifth that supported the Foster resolution at Chicago. In some others it may be larger, may, indeed, be a majority. But these latter are the smaller groups of labor, the membership being largely of aliens. The “boring-from-within" process is not succeeding. Foster and his asso- clates may have to make the fight in the open henceforth. His purposes are 00 well understood to permit the main- tenance of a. secret campalgn of camouflaged radicallsm within the ranks. The responsible leaders of la- bor in this country and the great ma- jority of the rank and file of the unions now thoroughly understand was, in effect, favorable to the revolt He declined to accede to the request of the ministry to take action against the revolting generals by ordering a court-martial for their trial for insur- rection. This was eminently the course of wisdom. Had he granted the re- quest and ordered the arrest and trial of the military leaders he would prob- ably have lost his throne. For there is no means of enforcing such @ pro- cedure, It would virtually have been asking the army to arrest and con- demn {tself. Alfonso is shrewd enough to know the peril of obstructing a fixed fact. There is no evidence of a spirit of revolt on the part of the people. Nor is there any sign of a disposition on the part of the army chiefs at present to cause a radical change of policy save in respect perhaps to the Morocco campaign. Charges of corruption > been indicated in instructions to military judges to institute proceed- ings against Santiago Alba. former | foreign minister, who is now reported {a refugee in Biarritz. There i3 some suggestion that the communists and anarchists may attempt to take ad- vantage of the overturn by starting a general strike, but the new govern- ment is distinctly averse to radicallsm, and such an effort is likely to fail quickly. Taken altogether, it would seem that this Spanish affair makes for better government and more assured sta. bility, The scaled-down estimates of the District for the next fiscal year have gone to theé budget bureau, but the end I8 not yet. As prepared by the | Commissioners after revising the esti- mates of heads of the District depart- ments the total as at first sent for- ward to the director of the budget was $32,500,000. The estimates as re- duced by order of the budget director stand now in round figures at $2 100,000. The cut of more than $7,000 000 would take out of the immediate prospect many betterments which the Capital needs and which the people of the District sincerely desire. It is said that, “taking advantage of a privilege given them by Gen. Lord, the Commissioners will send forward a list of supplemental re- quests amounting nearly to $7,000,000, and including practically everything that has been eliminated from the regular budget.” It would'be valueless to prophesy what reception will be given by the director of the budget to these supplemental estimates, but citi- zens of the District need not be with- out hope. It seems probable that we will not get all, but that we shail get a part of what Is aesked for in the ad- ditional estimates. The needs which are estimated for irx that schedule are urgent. The business of the budget bureau is to keep federal appropriations with- in the probable or estimated federal revenue. For the maintenance and the purposes of this dangerous fac- tion, and although the radicdls have plenty of means, the source of which is not to be questioned, every time the question is brought to an issue, as it was at Chicago, the line-up is definite, and the result is a victory for con- servatism and government support. Coincidental with the action at Chi- cago comes publication of an article by the United Mine Workers of Amer- ica throwing light upon the activitles of the communists in this country and their plans to capture a majority of the delegates to the October conven- tion of the American Federation of Labor. In the light of the Chicago vote there would seem to be little chance of succ e Republican Representation. The republican national committee has performed a salutary act in re. apportioning the delegate representa- tion of the states in the national con- vention, an action which has been de- manded for many years. The next national convention, as result, will be composed of a body of delegates more fairly representative of the vot- ing power of the states when it comes to the nomination of candidates for President and Vice President—that is states which cast negligible republican votes in the election will net be permitted to have equal voice in the nomination with states that must bear the responsibility of elect. ing the candidates. That seems only fair and just. It is unreasonable to try’ to defend the old system, for there is no defense for it. It has been a scandal and a reproach for many vears, and it was high time to abolish it. The idea that a group of states which cannot, all combined, furnish as many republican votes as some Congress districts supply in the election, can send a bloc of delegates to the nominating convention suf-| ficient to put over a candidate, is un. | tenable. Naturally, an outery is expected from the southern states that are af- fected by the reduced representation. They will probably bring up thelir old argument, that it is “discouraging the republican party in the south.” Well, plenty of time has been afforded for the upbuilding of a republican party in the south, and save in the state of Tennesse the republican party is largely @ myth., The national conven- tion should not overturn the action of the national committee. ———— Dempsey says he has earned fame and fortune. A strict grammarian would strike out “‘earned” and substi- tute “acquired.” Spain's New Government. Spain’s latest reaction works out to the point of a virtual military dictator. ship in the guise of a cabinet gov- ernment. Gen. Primo Rivera, captain general at Barcelona, who started the rovolt, is actual head of a directorate composed of six generals and presided over formally by Munos Cobo, captain general of Madrid. It is expected, however, that a mixed military and civil cabinet will be substituted for the directorate, perhaps at once, composed of entirely new men. One report cir- culates that it is the intention of the new ministry to govern without par- liament, which will be dlssolved, and that no elections will be held as long as the present political conditions pre- vall. At the crisis King Alfonso main- feined @ position of neutrality, which development of the Capital city the charge agalnst the federal Treasury is 40 per cent, and it is assumed that in the estimates as originally prepared by the Commissioners the 60 per eent to be paid by local taXes is within the estimated revenues of the District. This ought to have some Influence with the budget bureau in passing on estimates for public works which the District sorely needs. et R e ke A High Rate of Entertainment. 1f any statistician were to work ou the ratlo of cost per minute of the pugilistic encounter last night in New York to each of the 80,000 spectators who were jammed into the arena the result would be interesting. Roughly speaking, it is reported that the paid admissions totaled about $1,250.000. Actual fighting jtself lasted four min- utes in the big bout, which was all that drew the crowd, the elapsed time from the gong to the actual knhock- out being only about four minutes. Thus, in terms of the real fighting, the. match cost the public at the rate of $312,500 per minute, or about $5,200 the measure of entertainment, pugilism is now a money game, a com- mercial proposition. The holder of the champlonship gets the bulk of the prize, win or lose. The promoters. rake in an enormous harvest. The ticket speculators get & rich rake-off and the bettors on the winning side make a big clean-up. There is no Way to tell how many million dollars changed hands as @ result of the four minutes of flst pounding in the New York base ball park. From every angle of the affair the dollar mark shows. It would be o relief to see pugilism brought back to a strictly sportsman ship basis, to ses contenders for and defenders of the championship matched; on their merits and not upon terms of { the blggest “gate/” to see the fight’ conditioned on the old principle of a winner's purse. With the challenger guaranteed all expenses aud a possible profit, and the challenged title-holder assured of an immehse share of the recelpts regardless of the puttome, th fight game is purely a matter of busl. ness. e e bt The dirigible has an unfavorabl history up to the present time. The ZR-1 18 expected to be used for the ex- ploration of hitherto Inaccessible arctic regions. This employment will enable it to demonstrate its adaptabllity t valuable enterprise independent of warfare. o o i In his attitude toward Streseman’s’ advances, Poincare slightly resembles! & gentleman twhom observation and experience have made alert t6 the dis- appointing possibilities of &4 gold-brick transaction. e e el s Germany might save a Targe print- ing bill by allowing each citizen to write his own paper marks. Enforcing Parking Rules. Automobile parking has become one of the problems of the city. The streets are wide, but with cars parked on both sides most bf them will permit of but two filles of vehicles moving in opposite directions, and the tids of trafic cannot flow faster than the pace Of the slowest vehicle in the column. Delay at cross-streets and interruptions to traffic due to cars turning in to the curb or backing out Can Europe Hold Together? II—The Yardstick of Civilization. BY JOHN F. SINCLAIR. make progress slow. Yet it Is neces- sary that there shall be some parking. People having automobiles would find them of little use in the city if they could not stop at the curb long enough to transact ordinary business in the shops and offices. Some time ago the attempt was made to meet the situation by adopt- Ing certaln rules, principal of which was a time limit on parking. In many of the downtown streets thirty min- utes was the limit, and in some places a man might park his car for two hours. The regulations have been en- forced in a feeble and desultory wa; the police ““tagging” so few cars that many automobile drivers were encour- aged to ignore the regulations, and there ia now much of all-day parking in the restricted areas. There were not enough police to keep check on the standing cars. Some time ago Commissioner Oyster and the superintendent of police took under consideration a plan to detafl @ squad of men whose chief work would be to enforce the time-limit rules. It is known that there are not enough police properly to patrol the District, and there was hesitation in transferring men from general to spe- cial duty. However, it has been de- cided to detail six bicycle policemen to the traffic bureau as a special squad to carry out the parking regulations, and it is belleved that traffic condi- tions in the congested area will be im- proved. If it should be deemed ad- visable to reduce the time allowed for parking in certain streets such a step will probably be taken. B — Prohibition enforcement is rendered difficult by the fact that so many citi- zens, while in sympathy with the law, imitate Rip Van Winkie, and declare from time to time that they “‘wiil not count this one.” ———— New York reports that plasterers are getting over a hundred dollars a week. The man who helps build a house will, at that rate, soon feel per- fectly at ease about paying the rent for one. ————— When Russla perfects a soviet sys- tem there is a great deal of nearby territory on which it can try its re organization schemes without accept- ing I. W. W. invitations to ¢ross the water. —_———— The spirit of authority has grown o strong in Mussolini that he appears quite capable of putting on a black shirt and telling the league of nations precisely what is expected of ————— The Treasury Department, having taken up the liquor situation, may in- cldentally discover some way of com- pelling the bootleg profiteer to pay h ehare of the taxes. Women are prominent in Ku Klux activitles In several New Jersey town The reformatory feminine influence may eventually succeed in mitigating its terrors. Chancellor Streseman 1s in @ posi- tion which does not permit him to play politics by giving out only the kind of news his constittency would enjoy Learing. State legislatures are endeavoring to tombat certain assumptions that in order to be a public reformer it is nec- essary to wear a disguise. Rumors ¢f Trotsky’s death would at least imply that he is no longer in absolute authority over Lenin's pub- licity department. 1t seems possible that Germany and France may reach an understanding long before Italy and Greece reach a reconciliation. Trotsky doubtless belleves he might have been as great o man as Lenin 1f he had had as good a press agent. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON 01d Problems. The words in an Egyptian tomb Disclose how Pharvah tried ‘With taxes to create much gloom, And would not be denied. Taxation’s Question even then Had long caused much regret. The problem {s 56 big that men Are talking "bout it yet. 'The records show that Pharoah claimed Much work for Iittle pay, *They sald he ought to be ashamed. Soms quit and ran away. That labor problem was so great It caused the world to fret. It's very old, yet up to date. We're talkin’ *bout it yet. Contradiction of Terms, “You say -dur friend has a queer rec- ord?’ “Rather,” replied Senator Sorghum. *Can't we put him across as a dark horse?” “Perbaps. But you'll have to white. wash him first. for | Jud Tunkins saxs art is getting the worst of it again, A man can make more money layin’ brick than he can playin® the ukulele. Cherus of Consumers, *The mines are working fast, we learn, And life again seems sunay. ‘Wa will have anthracite to burn, Who cares about the money! Enforcing Law. *“Did you take Piute Pete’s new auto- mobile away from him because he was shootin’ réckless?” _ “No,” said Cactus Joe. “Nobody no- ticed that. But we're enforcin’ the anti-gamblin’ laws, an' Pete won it at & raffie.” Physiological Confusion. “Why does 81 Simlin keep on drink- ing bootleg whisky?” “1 dunno,” answered Farmer Corn- tossel, "“unless it's because he has mis- took & bonehead for a cast-iron stom- ach.” “De value of knowledge,” said Uncle Eben, “depends on how yoy use it. I knows & man dat has read de Bible through five times, buf all he seems to git f'um it is sumpin’ to argue The first question in Europe today— at the base of Europe's flls—is that of money. 1n the past there have been proposed many tests of civilization—for in- stance, art, religion, education, the place of woman—all of these we might call yardsticks of civilization. But by its very nature, an industrial order, such as modern civilization, brought at this time to its very high- est achievement, cannot be measured except in terms of the purchasing power of its money. This is not as sordid as it seems, for the purchasing power of the money of a nation deter- mines in & broad way its living stand- ard In the world, 1. e, the bread and butter, the shoes and dresses, the books and culture it can bestow on each citizen within its political boun- darles. In considering this question of the purchasing power of money every one of us has to surrender cortain pro- vincial habits of thought. We think of the British pound in terms of the American dollar, but seldom think of the American dollar in terms of the British pound. This thinking only in terme of American money tends to obscure our understanding of what lles at the base of Europe’s distress. When we force our minds to consider the American dollar in terms of the British pound, the German mark, or the Russian cherwonitz (the new Russian mo: we are confronted by that my: 1g commonly called “the rate of exchange * x By rate of exchange we mean the common basls of money value be- tween countries. This is measured by the amount of gold in the coins of the respoctive countries. The Itallan lira {s merely a Jump of gold welghing 4.48 grains. The American dollar is a lump of gold welghing 23.22 grains. Thus {n the Itallan lira there is 19.37 as muoh gold as in an Amerlcan dol- lar. So on par of exchange it is worth 19.3 American cegts. Or take the case of the English pound. It contains 11281 grains of gold. In American money the English pound has 4.8565 times as much gold us the American dollar. So one English pound contains s much gold as $4.8685. walk into the New York assay office d lay down & gold pound the offi- cers are bound to give you $4.8665 So up to the time of the war, 1914, the par of gxchange was the yard- stick of national health, because it expreseed the fixed relation between #old _contents of the standard money of the countries, or more generally the relative amounts contained in the gold coins. Thus we See that the par {of exchange between London and New York showed to the whole world that £1 gold contalned as many grains £4.866 United States money, or 2 gold French francs, or 20.43 German gold marks. When an Englishman said a pair of boots was worth 1 pound, he meant that he was prepared to exchange that article for 112.81 grains of gold. And when an exporter in the United States said that a book was worth $1 he meant that he was prepared to exchange that book for 23.22 grains of gold. Thus the world trade developed more especially in those European countries where the “par of exchange” was based on gold. ‘ow this is the theory of the thing as Count Zeppelln, inventor of the dirigible airship of which America’s magnificent ZR-1 is the finest type ever launched, did not design It ex- clusively for war. Twelve or fifteen | vears before Zeppelin perfected a | practical airship. he thus epitomized , his dreams: { “1intend to build a vessel which cannot be approached—or only with {or. interiors; in a straight | across land and water where ships are to be sought for; from one naval {station or army base to another, carrylng persons or dispatches; for the observatlon of the movements of hostile fleets or troops, not for active participation In warfare My dirigible { balloon must be able to travel several days without renewing provisions, ! gas or fuel. It must travel quickly | enough to reach a certain goal in 2 | &iven numbec of hours or days, and must, possess sufficient rigidity and travel non-inflammability to ascend, condi- | and descend under ordinary F & e | tions."” | Herman H. Kohlsaat, friend of all Presidents of the United States Islnce Rutherford B. Hayes and inti- mate of many of them, beginning with William McKinley, was recently ia guest of President Coolldge at the | White House. He mrrated to Mr. and Mrs. Coolidge that he has been calling at the Executive Mansion, off and on, for forty-six years. “My visits had s romantio beginning,” Mr. Kohlseat explained, “for I was smit- ten on a nfece of Mrs. Hayes, & young lady from Ohio, who used to spend each winter season at the White House. The . veteran Chicago publisher has been offered {high federal appointments, ranging from cabinet office to forelgn am- | bassadorships, by half a dozen Presi- {dents. He has always preferred the role of “brutally candld friend” and more than one President has clothed him with that dignity. EE ‘When Col. Harvey resumes com- mand of the American embassy in London mnext week he'll find it adorned with & newly made oil por- trait of himself. It is the work of Howard Chandler Christy, who paint~ ed about the same time the full- length canvas of President Harding which hangs in the social hall of the S. 8. Leviathan. The Harvey picture will be hung among those of other American ambassadors to Great Brit- aln. It was exhibited at a private view recently given by Mrs. Post ‘Wheeler, wife of the counselor of the London embassy. Christy depicts Harvey in his “most characteristio pose, pipe-smoking. i ® ok Ok ok Maj. Oliver P. Newman, who was Inppolntafl a District of Columbia Commissioner by Woodrow Wilson and now garners shekels for the dem- ocratic party, is aflicted with wan- derlust, and ascribes it to a strange psychic cause. Somebody came back from the league of natlons the other day and told Maj. Newman his name was under consideration last spring for the post of finariclal adviser to the Albapnlan government. Geneva had heard of Newman's administra- tive record in the District govern- ment and thought he'd be an fdeal man to put Albani checkered finances in order. Ever since he ‘heard how narrowly he escaped belfig entenced to Durazzo Newman has pined and longed to go abroad. The last time he was overseas he was on the fighting line of the American ex- peditionary force. * ok ok Cyrus E. Woods of Pennsylvania il‘)‘::e‘l.eenfl"n“lust ‘ambassador to Japan ve weel en earthquake, fame. tidal wave laid Tokio and Yokohama waste. No other o B Diitea States in Distory ever And it you | | temperament to brav will be able to travel to places which | characteristie repl } great difficulty—by other means of | | transportation; to undiscovered coasts | line SATURDAY SEPTEMfiER 15, and it is tremendously important i We are to understand why it i3 bes coming lnerenlyéllv harder for the average man In Europe to “get by.” * k¥ ok Let us eay Jones, an American, sends Smith, an Englishman, $4,867.50 Worth of cotton. If he likes, Jones can demand £1,000 of gold. But this means Smith will have to pack up, in- sure and ship across the Atlantic £1,000, which involves some expense. o Jones draws a bill of exchange on Smith, and looks about for another American busin man, West, who owes another Englishman, Nelson, £1,000 for some other purchase, say a motor car, and who likewise 18 100k~ ing for a bill of exchange on London to pay Nelson with. If they meet (and the business of banking is to seo that they meet) the accounts can be balanced without any shipment of §old and little expense. Let ug go urther. Say, Anderson in New York has purchased another English car for £1,000, while Olson in Chicago has purchased £1,000 of silk and Rawson ,000 of clothing. All these men want bi)ls of exchange” on London to pay tholr debts. Big demand for bills on London. Up go the price of these London bilis. But there comes a point when Rawson says “for $30 I can ship over gold dollars to London and pay my clothing bill. I'll give you 4,866.50 plus $30 or $4,806.50 for your iill of exchange on London. No more.” Now mark you, the point beyond which it pays to send gold rather than purchasce a bill of exchange is called the gold point. The value of a London bill of exchange (a sterling bll) up to July, 1914, could not rise above this point. * k% The same thing happens whén it would pay a London importer, B, to ship hard cash (gold) rather than buy a bill on New York to pay cotton. This is the other gold point. In nor- mal times, and up to July, 1914, the rates of exchange In Kurope moved between these two points. This range as very narrow, it was less than 1 per cent. With no money problem the trade between nations grew and de- veloped out of all proportion to their population. In 1913, Europe, with lesg than one-third of the world's popula- tion, and with its machinery well ofled and moving between these two gold points, did a business in that year equal to two-thirds of the world trade. 50 you see that it has becoma increasingly important for the money used in trade to be stapis It must not fluctuate. It must be ti ame in value ninety days or six months or one year from now as today: that is, in order to complete the international business cycle. ‘We may say then t the yardstick of a natlon's health shows itself in the rate of exchange of that country on the International market. Up to July, 1914, as a result of 150 vears of careful planning and hard work, the | rate of exchange in every one of the twenty-six different European coun- tries was being held at the gold point As a result, Europe did a business in 1912 estimated at thirty billions of dollars. Then came the war, o of the gold point. d the break Nex k_of the gold point. (Copsright, 192 S. and Great Britain by North American Newspaper Alliance. Al rights reserved.) WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREPERIC WILLIAM WILE entered upon his miselon under such catastrophic circumsances. The perils and distress of the past fortnight have been weathered by Mrs. Woods' mother, a Mrs. Marchand of Greens- burg, Pa., who accompanied the am- bassador's family to the east. On the eve of Mr, Woods' departure for | Tokio _some one asked him if he felt training and ssitudes made a ¢ Who's ania_m: n always nimself equipped by of diplomacy in Jap: spent his life in Penns: chine politics,” he =aid, take care rf himself.” e Politicians are wondering whether Senator “Jim” Watson of Indiana, besides carrving out President Cool- idge’s injunction to have Missourl republicans “get together” looked over the Watson fences in neighbor- ing Oklahoma. Oklahoma is consid- ered Watson territory by the Hoosler senator's friends, if and when he pitches his sombrero into the presi- dential ring. The republicans of the ofl commonwealth would have been for Harding in 1924, but were re- ported ready to line up for Watson it he decided to enter the lists. The senator's interests in Oklahoma In recent years have been husbanded by an energetic and _affectionate brother, Charley, who became an oil king in the state. x %X ¥ ¥ Many Washingtonians will attend the annual outdoor luficheon frolic given by Col. Moorehead C. Kennedy, one of the vice presidents of the Pennsylvania railroad, at his pictur- esque country home, Ragged Edge, in the Cumberland mountains, on Sep« tember 20. It has become an Insti- tution among rallroad executives, bankers, governors, members of Con- gress, editors and other men of af- fairs east and west. Col. Kennedy takes his guests to Ragged Edge, which is nedr Gettysburg, in a spe- cial train from Philadelphia, enter- tains them on Gridiron Club lines, and sends them back to the Quaker city at night after an afternoon of mirths ful fellowship, Kennedy was one of the celebrated ‘“Atterbury men” in France and England, and did notable work in organizing military railway traffic in the zone of operations. (Copyright, 1923.) In a Few Words. Justification for war is always ready at hand for thoss who desire war There 1s rarely a case of admitted aggression or whero on each side the cause is not believed to be just by the people who support the war. —SECRETARY HUGHES, Capital is not doing the courting as in the good old days whén a federal income tax was a theory and not & stony-hearted fact. FORREST CRISSEY. I know that the world has need for peace for a long time to come—but to Ssecure peace you must be lll‘ontA —PREMIER MUSSO! L. There is no of obligation and little patriotism among the Germans “Take what you can, and get ‘you can, and do as little as you can and never mind what any one thinks—that is the prevailing spirit. —CLARE SHERIDAN. n: ‘The French have obtained natlonal security, but as long as they stifie German industry it is hopeless to ex- .cui rofi:;ntlgn& ’i\'hrey cannot get milk and meat from the same cow. —MAJ. GEN. H. T. ALLEN. I found Americans to have an in- fectious, buoyant, unprejudiced and fundamentally idealistic attitude to- ward the whole business of living. —PROF. J. Y. SIMPSON. New College, Edinburgh. The writers of Europe can only be stylists, because life and traditions are fixed with them. In America life is umxplofidi .ln‘v‘:"d ‘:l? ?.,rmh emeomersit T5 virgin ta, Dovaiiee ' ANZIA YHOIERSKAC 1923. The Library fl‘nihle BY THE BooKLOVER As the booklover sits on the piazza of his Adirondack camp he feels that he is harmoniously occupled in read- ing Alfred L. Donaldson's two-volume “History of the Adirondacks.” He Is finding this book especlally interest- ing because he himself, beginning with early childhood and continuing to the present time, has spent many summers in the Adirondacks and has personal recollections of some of the history of the “North Woods.” The book is, however, so well written and | illustrated that it is very readable for any reader, and I am suro that it must already have sent many hastening up to these mountains to camp and follow wild trails, or at least to motor and be lazy at some ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. What is the dlameter of the Ellipse back of the White House?— K. C. A. Its major diameter is 1,048 feet and its minor diameter 898 feet. Q. Did any other President besides Coolidge add “so help me God” when teking the oath as President of the United States?—C. L. D. A. When George Washington was inaugurated the first time he added the same words. Q. Was the late Cardinal Gibbons born in this country?—aA. B. A. Cardinal Gibbons was born in Baltimore July 23, 1834, and dled in that city March 24, 1921, Q. What kind of grass should be sown on a Heavily shaded lawn?— cottage surrounded by sweet-smelling |H. L. fir woods. * ok K K The first chapter of “A History of the Adirondacks” is concerned with the geography of the reglon, located in New York state, north of Lake George, west of Lake Champlain and south of Canada. “Geographers usually include them (the Adiron- dacks) in the Appalachian system, but geologically they are related to the Laurentian highlands of Canada.” Then follow chapters on the dis- covery of the mountains, by Samuel de Champlain; the Indlans found there; early ignorance but growing knowledge of the wilderness to_the north of them by colonial New Yorkers, and finally, nearly 200 years after Champlain’s discovery, the carliest settlements. The stories of the varfous purchases, tracts and set- tlements and the ploneers who made them locally famous occupy succeed- ing chapters. Among the ploneers were William Gllliland, Joseph Tot- ten, Stephen Crossfield, the Jessups, Alexander Macomb, James Watson, Charles Frederick Herreshoff and John Brown of Providence, R. I. This John Brown, who owned a tract of 210,000 acres, chiefiy in Herkimer county, is often confused with John Brown of Osawatomle, the abolition- ist, who was hanged at Harpers Ferry in 1859—a far better known figure in United States history than the re- spectable Providence merchant, who, by the way, vigorously defended slavery when he was a member of Congress. * % % % The most Interesting chapters of the book are perhaps those devoted to Adlrondack celebrities. One chapter tells the whole story of John Brown of Osawatomle, who bought a farm In the town of North Elba in 1849, which he made his home, his headquarters for abolitfonist activities and a refuze for escaped slaves until his tragic death ten years later. Here, by the side of a great bowlder, Johr. Erown iopuried, and over his grave now flles the United States flag. Here also, in 1899, with funeral ceremonies, were interred beside John Brown the bodies of ten of his followers, which, through the efforts of pereons inter- ested, had been _disinterred and brought to North Elba for reburlal. The Booklover remembers attending service as a child at the little white church at North Elba, and hearing the singing led by several members of the Epps family—a negro family brought North Elba by John Brown. to ** % X The history of Dr. Trudeau, pioneer in the modern treatment of tubercu. losis, and his original sanitarium at Saranac Lake, s told in several chap- ters. Coming to the Adirondacks as a young man, in a last effort to fight the disease which was rapldly getting the better of him, Dr. Trudeau re- ceived beneflt, remained and devoted his life to the reltef and cure of suf- ferers from tuberculosis. Today Sara nac Lake 15 one of the world's best- known places of treatment for the disesse. It was here that Robert Louls Stevenson spent the winter of 1887-1888, and a chapter is given to his life and writing in the Baker house, which 1s now generally known as the “Stovenson cottage.” The chap- ter on Paul Smith, “dean of ploneer guldes and hotel men,” pictures a unique personality—a rough but shrewd woodsman who became “a fad with people of weaith and fashion” and died a milllonaire. “Reduced to its simplest terms, ¥ “there is little doubt that the founda- tion of Paul’s success lay in his wife's ability to cook & good dinner, and in his own to tell a good story. He joked with a millfonaire just as he did with anybody else. Perhaps the novelty of being treated like a man, instead of like & bank account, ap- pealed to the milllonaire. Something did, at all events, for he and his kind kept coming to the place (Paul Smith's on St. Regis Lake) in ever- increasing numbers. Before long thoy bagan buying land and building pala- tial camps upon it, and Paul, of course, 80ld them the land, the jum- ber and their supplies.” * k% % Special chapters are given to the more important towns and resorts of the Adirondacks, as Saranac Lake, !L.ke Placid, Keene Valley, Ausable {Forks, Upper and Lower Jay, Raquette Lake, Long Lake, Blue Mountain Lake and Adirondack Lodge. The burning of Adirondack Lodge, at the foot of the Marcy range, and the ruin of the dense first-growth forest about it by the terrible forest fire of 1903, together with the last-moment es- cape of “Mr. Van"” (Henry Van Hoe- venberg), the builder and presiding deity of the Lodge, form a most dra- matie story. There are other chapters on Adirondack Murray, the most fa- mous of the early guides; Mount Marcy and the Source of the Hudson, Ola Stage Lines and Drivers, The Philosophers’ Camp, Old Military Roads and Lumbering. * & e A rather sensational but thorough- 1y truthful book on the narcotic busi- ness and habit is “The Black Candle,” by Emily F. Murphy, “Janey Canuc police magistrate and judge of the juvenile court, Edmonton, Canada During six years in the juvenile and police courts of Edmonton Mrs. Mur- phy has had many opportunities to observe the effects of narcotics on all sorts of human beings. She is con- vinced that only the most vigorous and sincere continent-wide fight can obliterate the drug habit. “The Black Candle” of her book is the oplum pipe. The investigation covers not only Canada, but many parts of the United States, and gives opinlons of various prominent judges, physicians and so- cial workers in all parts of the North American _continent. The United States is the largest importer and user of narcotics in the world, but is also making the most thorough and efficient fight against the use of nar- cotlcs of any of the western nations Mrs. Murphy agrees with other au- thorities that many addicts become criminals because they cannot obtain funds legitimately for drug pur- chases. * ok ok o* Frederick O'Brien, the author of “White Shadows in the South Seas,” ‘Atolls of the Sun” and other books of travel, earlier in life ran away from his father's office in Baltimore, where he was studylng law under compulsion, and worked his way to London on & cattle boat. For hard work, during rough weather, on a long voyage, he received the munifi- cent pay of one guinea. He stayed in London two weeks, working as a sandwichman, and then went to Paris, where he secured a position on the Paris Herald. The money earned from Journalism enabled him to tour the tontinent, but on his return trip to New York he was obliged to peel po- tatoes ‘his passage. Donaldsor, | A. The Department of Agriculture says that Kentucky blue grass is con- sidered the best for a heavily shaded lawn. The following proportions should be used: One part of red fos- cue to two parts blue grass. When this combination is used one pound to every 400 square feet should be al- lowed. The seed should be sown any time before the middle of September. Q. What proportion of the officers in the Army are West Pointers?—S. D. L. A. The records merely show_the percentage of officers who are West Point graduates. This is slightly under per cent. Q. Why was it said that all roads led to Rome?—M. D, A. The saying, “All roads lead to| Rome,” is an old Itallan proverb. The principal roads of the empira all led to the capital city. The so-calied golden milestone set up by Augustus in the Roman forum near Saturns Temple marked the starting place. It contained a list of the main places located on these roads, with a record of their distances from various gates of the city. Q. How shall I get o jol can learn to be a detective?—D. H. C. A. Willlam J. Burne, head of the Intelligence division of the Depart- ment of Justice, Washington, D, C., says that the best method for a young man to pursue if he 1s seriously in- terested in taking up the profession of detective work is to get a position as a regular policeman on his com- munity police force or with the po- lice of a larger city if he lives in a small town. ' The tralning obtained by doing this kind of work {s in- valuable to one who wishes to lay the foundation for detective work. Q. have —J. When did George Washington narrow escape from drowning? i D. On his expedition to Ohio i . Washington is sald to ha been saved from drowning whil crossing the Allegheny river by Christo- pher Gist or Guest, a scout and woods- man. Q. What mark distinguishes coins mado in ‘the Philadelphia mint?— A. Coins made in the Phialdelphia mint are known by the absence of a mint mark. The mint mark of the San Francisco mint is an and of the Denver mint a “D.” Q. What s umber and where Is it obtalned?—0. A. K. A. Umber Is a mineral plgment re- sembling ochre, but differing from true ochre in containing some oxide | of mananese. It occurs at man: localitier in Europe, motably in the Isiand of Cyprus, and is also mined in lllinois, Penneylvania, Georgla and New York. It is soft, earthy and of a dark-brown color. ¥ umber ylelds a brown paint, while burnt umber has a redder tinge. Botn are | stable and ecan be mixed with wate: or oil. Q. Are any volcanoes a mils high —A. D. L. A. Many volcanoes are that higl The Volcano of Popocatapetl in Mex ico is 17,784 feet, and Cotopax Ecuador, {8 19,554 feet, respectively- between three and four miles high Mount Fujlyama is over two milc high, and has a crater 500 feet deep This volcano has been quiet since Q. How many Irishmen You!h- Jith the British in the world war? G. F. A. Lord Wimborne, Lerd Lieut. of Ireland, reported to Lord Kitchener on January 14, 1916, that there wer 51,046 Irishmen serving as regular. and reservists in the British army in August, 1914, According to Sir Eri Geddes, in the house of commons, ther-. were up to 1918, 170,000 enlisiments in_Ireland. There was a total of 275,692 Irishmen from Ireland fight |ing in the English army and’ navy in the war. Q. What was _the size Franklin press?—M. B. . The Smithsonian Institution “The Franklin press in the Na 1 Museum is feet, B inches 4 feet, 8 inches deep; and feet,” & inches wide. A photograph of it can be purchased for fifty cent from the museum photographer, A J. Olmstead.” | Q. How did the goods known gingham get its name?—M. McM. A. Gingham 1s derived from Gu ingamp. a town in Brittany, whéra | the fabric was woven, its manufac are having been futroduced into |Great Britain, through France from India. Q. Are the “History of the Ind {Wars,” published in 1841, and Audu | bon’s ‘works still under copyright?—a. s A. Any book published prior to 1857 Is fr to the public. This being sc the “History of the Indian Wars' published in 1841, and the works of Audubon, the last of which appearcd in 1854, are no longer protected by copyright. Q. How rapidly is the death rate among clvil war veterans increasing” .M. F. A. In 1858 thers were 4,433 death: in the Grand Army of the Republie, which amounted to 1.18 per cent of {the membership of 372,960. In 1920 the membership was 93,171, and the deaths were 9,301, 10 per cent of the membership. Q. Does hat wal than cold water?— A. Chemically, pure more quickly than water tains impurities. been boiled and co | more quickly than water that ha been. of the | Q. What does La Traviata mea |and why is the title used for the | opera of that name—C. A. W. | "A. “La Traviata” means “the wan | derer,” or the “lost one.” Any womun who lives the kind of life lived by th Lady of the Camellia” is soclally | cast-away, or a wanderer. | Q. Whe {ment inspection M. V. | A. The coal _mine {law was cted by the state of | Pennsylvania in 1870, and since then all the important al-producin states have pa (Send your question to the S | tormation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, | arector, 1220 North Capitol street | Give your full name and address so { that the information may be sent di- rect, and inclose £ cents in stamps for return postage.) . a did we first have gove: of coal mines fi inspection CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL ¥ ‘Why does milk cost so much more today than it did ten years ago? It used to retail at 5 cents a quart—de- livered in bulk into open containers. Todsy we have to pay 14 cents; that is a greater Increase than indicated by the decreased purchasing power of the dollar. . The explanation, readily given by | an official of the World’s Dairy Con- | is that milk today is a very s gress, different product from what it W ten years ago. Farmers and dairy men are now putting into milk far more labor and expense than former- 1y. A modern dairy barn is as clean and freo from dust as any dining room. The cows are groomed— washed—and the milker is clothed ke & surgeon who is about to per- form a delicate operation. The milk is aerated, cooled, pasteurized to kill bacteria and sealed in chemically clean bottles. All that costs more in milk production than was put into milk a_generation ago, consequently the milk of today s worth more than in days of old. This, in substance, is what the dairy officlal explained as the reagon for the higher cost of milk. * k%X There is still a great looseness in the handling of city milk, according to official authorities. For example: The law requires that all dairy herds turnishing milk for the Washington market be tested for tuberculosis, but there Is no law requiring pas- teurization of the milk. Dairymen pastéurize the milk they offer, but that is because consumers demand pasteurized milk. All _pasteurizing not perfect. Proper pasteurizing requires that milk be heated to 145 degrees Fahren- heit, and kept at that temperature for thirty minutes. Some dairymen stm- ply heat the milk-end flow it at once away from the heat. That does not kill all bacteria. The better dairies keep a scientific man all the time, in- specting the milk they sell and sce- ing that it is properly pasteurized. That is expensive, but It makes the milk a gafe and good food. * &k x There is to be a world dairy con- gress in Washington October 2 and 3, adjourned to Philadelphia for Oc- tober 4, and to Syracuse, N. Y., Oc- tober 5°o 10. This congress will be attended by the world’s most famous specialists in dairy solence. There wili be delegates here from ractically every country of Kurope, Bouth America and Australia. Most of them will be men of national repu tatfon, and many of international fame. There will be leaders In solence, Including Mendel, who dis- covered the astounding law of breed- ing and cross-breeding, and McCol- lum, who discovered the most revo- lutionary element of nutrition, known as “vitamins,” without whose pres ence in food all nutrition is value- less and leads only to disease and death. Vitamins were unknown prior to 1912; today physiclans and dietic- {ans who are not informed as to their essentlal activities-are not competent to practice medicine or prepare food. * ok E % To this McCollum discovery, while investigation feeds for dairy cattle, must be accredited the overturning of the sclence of nutrition. It was made at the Wisconsin experiment 'station, where sclentific feeding tests were being carried on. The standard grains were analyzed by the station professor, and their constituents— carbohyrates, proteins, etc. sepa- rated. Then the elements of corn, for example, were combined into a “bal- anced ration,” the elaments of wheat into another “balanced ration.” etc, These rations were fed to groups of calves until they matured and had is ". COLLINS | their first calves. The calves from | the "cows which had been fed the | “balanced ration" of corn were all {born dead, those from wheat were | tiving, but sickly. The professor then sent for Dr. Me- { Collum, chemist, to aid in research as to why & “balanced ration” failed to develop healthy animals. After some time spent in testing the cows, Dr. McColluin continued tests on common rats (using the small animals for economy) until he found that all ani- mals must feed upon leafy vegetables or on the vital organs of animals which had fed on leafy vegetables. 0 sub- stitute for leafy vegetables contained the unknown element which gave full nutrition. This was new to sclence. It was revolutionary. A long serles of tests developed a new science-—the re- search for vitamins, three kinds being differentiated. Within the last two years Dr. McCollum has added the fourth vitamin—something essential to bone growth. The point in which dairy specialists are most interested is the proof that milk contains all the vitamins, more abundantly than apy other food. It is not only a “perfect” or balanced food, but it is a vitamin food pre eminent. Furthermore, it i in the but- terfat that the vitamins exist mostly. Skimmed milk is not an adequate substitute for whole milk, although it does contain minerals which are needed. Nor does butter alone fur- nish all the elements needed, for though rich in vitamins it lacks some mineral salts, * x k ok With these hints as to what will be discussed, and by whom, at the World's Dairy Congress, the layman will appreciate the general interest that the congress will have for ths public—for physiclans, teachers and parents. Malnutrition, due to lack of milk and other foods rich in vita- mins, 13 now recognized where it had been least suspected ten or twelve years ago. Owing to malnutrition and resulting diseases millions of young men wers found physically unfit for military duty when the draft sought defenders of the nation at our entry into the world war. To the same cause mil- lions must attribute their unfitness in business activities. This defictency is not limited to the poor; many well to |do are undernourished becauss the jabundance of food they eat lacks the vitamin essentials, (Copyright, 1923, by P. V. Collins.) Wildcat Swindlers Are Fed by Suckers The trouble is that when 167 wild- cat stock swindling firms break and drop out of the game at least that many, i{f not more, of the same o immediately arise ahd get busy balt- ing hooks for suckers. The suckers do not cease to bite. No matter how many exposures of frauds are beforo the public to be studied heeded, the vast army of easy marks continues to grab eagerly for easy money and quick wealth, and in most cases the grabbers are robbed, strip- ped, cleaned out and properly whi sawed. The greed of the crooked stock jobber {s squaled only by tho greed of the credulous and frenzied buyer of wildcat stuff. It is sald that last year more than $50,000,000 was taken by stock jobbers of Wall street from persons who could not afford to lose tho money. Time was when blue-sky peddlers in Indians were taking away $10,000,000 annuai- ly, most of it paid by persons who could not spare the cash. It {s not easy to teach greedy folk to be wise or careful in their investments. Tho lure of promised big profits and sud- den wealth seems to draw many oth- erwise balanced persons entirely off tl‘aelr polse.—Lafayette Journal Cou- rier. 3 .