Evening Star Newspaper, September 6, 1923, Page 6

—_— THE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Marning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. 0. THURSDAY. . .September 6, 1923 The Evening Star Newspaper Company | - ess Office, 11th St. and Pennaylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42ud 8t. Chicago Office: Tower l!u\|-||lfi§ Buropean Office: 16 Regent St., London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, i delivered by carriers within. the clty 860 cents per month; daily oaly, 45 cents per motth; Sunday ouly, 20 cents per month. Or- ders may be sent by mail, or telephone Main BUOU. Collection Is made by carriers at the end of each month, Rate by Mail=—Payable in Advaice. ¥uryland sna Vieginia. Daily =nd Sunday Dal JA. fay Eon 16 Other Biates. day. 1y7, $10.000 1 min, M &/ $7.00, 3 zus , & $2.00; 1 o, Dally anc %, Daily anly Bundey y Member of the Associated Press, The Associated Press.Jy exclusively entltled o the ‘use on of il news dis. o this paper and Wshed “herein. Al wpectal disy pusad Whittling Down the Differences. Definite progress toward agreement in the anthracite dispute is evident from the reports of the conferences conducted by Gov. Pinchot with the representatives of the miners and the operators. On’ the bagis of his “four- vroposal” plan of seitlement the two sides have approached. closer to an adjustment than heretofore. At pres- ent the case stands broadly thus: The miners and operators agreed to an increase of 10 per cent for the contract minel but the union of- ficials stand firmly for an increase for the day-labor men, who number about 100,000 out of the 155,000 employed in all in the hard coal field; the union is willing to modify the check-off de-)| mand to limit the amount to be de ducted by the companies from the pay rolls for union dues, but the operators are firmly opposed to any form of check-off whatever; the operators are tentatively willing to drop the demand for arbitration, to establish the cight- hour day and to accept a one. contract, instead of the two-year con- tract which they asked. The case really turns upon the da tabor wage rate. The union asks for & minimum of $5, to lessen the differ- ential between the contract s tncome and that of the laborer. In the anthracite practice the contract miner. certified by the state as com petent, takes as a rule two men into the headings with him. He sets the drills, “knocks down” the coal and teaves the lat to clean up after him, which includes the loading of { the mine cars. The labo have the | tonger hours and the harder work, but | less responsibility, and require training. The contract, or certified, | miner is usually through his day’s | task by noon. The present issue re- | lates to the gap between the com- ! pensation for these two cl s of | workers. The §5 a day demanded for | the laborers is equal to about 15 per | cent increase. | From the outset the check-off |h\-i @and has been regarded trading | material, as it has always heretofore | been. It may now prove to be thvl means of effecting a final scttlement | In this case. The day-laborer pay de- mand may be granted on condition of | the withdrawal of the check-off do- | mand. Considering the original dif- | ferences, those that remain not | insuperable. i Today's conference may still fur- ther advance the case toward settle ment, or it may develop further snags | in the course. Each side is anxiou to find a basis of agreement and like- | wise hopes to maneuver the situation 80 that in the event of a definite break, causing the prolongation of the | strike, therc will be some ground for public sympathy. Neither will finally yield without some concession and change of poin The public which iy the paramount factor in this case, de-| mands that coal be mined. The con-| sumer does not particularly care | about the conditions of operation. He | knows that any addition to the cost of mining will bé passed on to him, with: interest. If, with the differ- ences between' the ' two sides thus whittled down to a slender point, agreement cannot be effected, he will declare “a plague on both your houses” and himself demand drastic government, action compelling * the -mining of coal regardless of the so- talled rights and the selfish interests .0f a very small number of people. ——— Politics labors vainly for generations to change the map-as much as an earthquake may changé it in a day. ———— Italy and the League. Yesterday the council of the league of nations sat in solemn session at Geneva and “heard arguments by rep. resentatives of Italy and. Greece re- garding the competericy of the league to consider ahd determing .the issue of responsibility for the Albanian murders. The former declared that the case was not within the purview of the league, inasmuch as the sanc- tion involving the running of an Al-| banian boundary line, in the course of which procedure the Italian officers were slain, was given by the council of -ambaseadors. Until that body pro- nounced judgment, 'he insisted, the league could not conceivably function. On- the other hand, the Greek repre-| sentatiye urged that Greece did not wish to ignore the jurlsdiction of the council of ambassadors and had, in! ifdct, asKed that body to.conduct an | investigation. - But Italy, in bombard- Ing and occupying Corfu, had created ‘a_sitdation .which justified @reece in @ppealing to the league. It is evident that the league is on trial, rather than Greece or Italy. And it is equally evident that Italy is seeking to set aside the jurisdic- ‘tion .of the .league in the matter of the affront .against her ‘honor,”. claiming that an issue of that char- actéF- cannot be referred fo an inter- national body. No_state would wish o belong to the league, said Salandra Yesterday to the council, if member- ship meant renunclation of the right to defend ‘its national dginity. Per- -cussion “honor,” however, is a cause of danger to all members of the world are mine of less | are means of satisfying grievances with. out ‘war thgt ‘the leagie: has been created. The TItallan doctrine, as spoken by Salandra,. but doubtléss dictated by Mussolini, is diametrically | opposed to the fundamental principles of international association for the abatement of nuisances and the ad- justment of quarrels without blood- shed. : It Italy blocks the way of the league to action by a refusal to ac- cept jurisdiction, or if the league pro- ceeds to take jurisdiction and Italy withdraws, as Mussollni has threat- ened to do, the league of nations Is wrecked at the outset of its serious work. There Is no nieans of com- pulsion dividue, nations may take £ hard as partisans ireece or as Fers of 7le of interna- nal uft ific methods, iction as a to punish i ant it it wes Mussol reck or irreparably to damage the league's prestige he could not have made a shrewder move than to seize thus swiftly upon the Albanian murders as an excuse for seizure of Greek ‘terri- tory before the facts were established and before any other power or group of powers could intervene in preven- tion. To be sure, he has risked much in thus acting. He run the chance of involving Italy in a boy- cott, as well as possibly in a war with Greece "and perhaps her . Balkan neighbors, become allies throngh necessity, and even perhaps one: of the major powers. drawn into the fight through the need to protect the Mediterranean balanee. But for present the gate of the leagud is of the- greatest interest to the world at large. It is of especial interest to this country, in view-of the fact that the inspiration of that creation came from this side of the water ————————— Maj. Sullivan’s Recommendations. Several important recommendations: are made by the chicf of police in his annual report. He urges that magistrates’ cou held in police stations every morning and evening to dispose of charges involving minor violations of police regulations. It i well known that congestion and delay in the police work hardship on persons taken into custody and on the poli It often happens that man arrested on a petty charge who is unable to furnish collate will held overnight In a police station, carried to court in the “van” and there may wait several hours be- fore his case is reached. Men under eral and who do not mean to forfeit it generally have to take a day off that the case may be settled n the Police Court. summoned as witnesses suffer from the delay caused by congestion in the courts. A policeman making an ar rest at night nmay - continue: on- duty s he courts a is be a Men and women on the strect till morning and then g0 to the Police Court without | breakfast and remain there eral hours hefore the ‘case in which he is concerned is called Maj. Sulllvan says that instances last year policemen, not in- cluding those attached to the tective and woman's hureaus. detained in the Police Court awaiting hearings until after 11 o'clock. Prompt disposal of charges agdinst prisoners is desired in the interest of justice and for the benefit of pris- witne and police. It is a common-sense recommendation which the chief of police makes, and the magistrate court em, use in many large cit in Washington. The chief of police takes a strong stand for putting the brakes on “pis- tol-toting” In the Distfict. It is an old question here, hut the matter of buying and car weapons scems not to have been squarely met, chief of " peollce uriges “that a jail sentence be imposed on every person d of ng concealed weapoen, and he goes further in urging amendment of the law further re- stricting the sale and possession of deadly weapons. The “pistol-toter” is a grave menace, and the police, who are familiar with the danger of this practice, should be given a free hand in combating it. Maj. Sullivan makes a plea for an increase in the strength of the police force. The need of this is generally or in 5 de- oners, is B in convict carry a recognized, and the Commissioners and civic bodies have advocated for many vears that the strength of the force be brought in line with the needs of the city. It is patent to every law- abiding citizen that the development of the police force has not kept pace with the growth of the city and that greater demands are being made each year on the police. —_——— ‘Warships are rushed to relief in the earthquake-shattered regions. It is in service of this kind that a great navy is at its best. —_— Necessity of aid for Japan brings forward one point in foreign telations on which public sentiment'is unanl- mous. The average economic controversy is likely to end in a “please remit” notice to the general public. —_———— Rights in the Sky. . . Courts will at length take. cogni- zance of property rights in the air above a man's land. The question of the proposed transportation of liquor by airplane from western Canada to the Yukon across American territory: in Alaska is yet'to be settled. A dis- patch from St. Paul says: “Suit ask- ing that the Curtiss plane Company and Edward Bellieu, an aviator, be enjoined from flying over their farm property was filed here by Gilbert O. and Robert John- son.” The old English law was that when a man owned a plece of:land he owned it downward to the center of| the carth and upward -to. the - sky. Perhaps many farmers and other land holders may seek to preveht trespass by aviators, but the ways of prevent- ing it will be ifficult. It will: be hard to “post” the air and “No Tres- pass” signs, however large, may not be visible from heights at which aviators avel. Even though an aviator sees such a sign he may keep on his course and pay no more at- the | were | should he adopted | The | THE BVENING BTAR, WASHINGTO Y3t | of affronted nationalism and to find|“Private ' Land—No. Trespassing.” When commercial flying._routes be- come well established yayiption com- paniee may have to sécure rights of way across the sky just as railroads do across the land, But these are questions’ which will probably not trouble men until some time far ip the future, 5 ———— Big Money and Politics. The Ford Motor Company reports as of June 30 & cash balance of 0,203,922, classed as “thé greatest in industrial history” Of course, all of this sum dses not belong to Henry Ford, indivitually, but u large pro- portion of ft ust be his and at any rate 18 o pretty good indication of his personal waalth, The posscssion of such ar ple Tieans must thake- Litn an wc3ive object to the pa.ic The guestion arises whetlier does not in u measure account for the: enthusissi with which he is being backéd for the presi- dential nomination by ' some of the rank and flle, democrats and inde- pendents. The uneasy thought like- wise ocours whether this is a whole- some note in American politics, Are we approaching the time when we will choose our Presidents for the wealth they haye accumulated? Ie Mr. Ford decides to enter (ne contest for the presidential nomina- tion the possession of a large fortune naturally: will give him an advantage in many mater ways over other aspirants for the honor, and should he be successful a precedent would undoublediy be ‘set .which in time might grow to be a menace. Our Presidents in the past have not heen men of large means. They have been chosen for other reasons. There is no dollar mark oyver the White House .portal and the mass of |the American people, it is believed, ‘would hate to see one ther ians ————— A short strike is pr in touch with the coal situation. TIts demonstrations. are not sufliciently agreeable to anybody to warrant pro- longing it longer than c: avoided. —_————— dicted by those n be Poipcare insists that Germany will have ta consider the economies neces- to reparation payments before | expecting economic rd with France. ac —_———— It is high time that two such power- ful factors in European affairs S Mussolini and the league of nations came to understand each other, —_——— A summer vacation is now regarded a if all the family home in September without motor accident. —_———— The declaration “nothing to arbi- {trate” seldom gonvi the public I success Be serious {about, ——— t Shiphuilder Morse has been acquitted a general hope will be felt that he will manage to stay that wa Japan ceased stranger long sincé and to be now a neighbor a is in SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON The Earthquake You thoug! oh, fveble Man, to reign By threats and monstrous fears. Your weapons scatter death and pain And plunge the world in t How pitiful your shallow pow'r: The force that I command Deals more destruction in an hour Than you through vears have planned: i am more pitiless than you. ! As well as far more strong {1 make no claim for what I do That it is right or wrong. bid the splendid -palace fall 1 lay the temple low, I And spare some cottage slight small Amid the scenes of woe. (1 and Go forth and seek with trivial arts Your fellow man to sla; Let paltry hatred fill your hearts Until T have my day. Then learn to'leave dull greed behind And your slight skill apply To safeguard, if you can, mankind From such a foe as I! Humoring Each Whim. “Do you approve of knickerbockers for women? " “Of course,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Women are my constitu- ents the same as men, and the way to judge constituents is not by how they dress, but by how they vote.” Jud Tunkins says the world is get- ting better every day, but it's still a long way from being cured. . Home Discipline. “Your wife knows more about poli- tics than ‘you do,” said the energetic woman. “l give her credit for that,” an- swered Mr. Meekton. “If you didn't she'd probably refuse to speak to you.” “Henrietta wouldn't do that. probably begin all over again.” She'd Summier Flowers. The summer flowers as they fade Still leave the farmer unafraid. He says, “Hooray! I've loads of hay. I wasn't raisin’ no bouquet.” A Hard Audience. “What did you think of my sermon on the text ‘Love one another?’ asked the minister. “It could not fail tq impress the gen- eral congregation,” replied Miss Cay- enne. “But I don't believe the mem- bers of the choir will ever take it fully to heart.” Establishing ‘an Enterprise. “I understand Pizen Pete has gone into the boetleg busines 5 . “No,” said Cactus Joe. “He stayed in that line long enough to put the Gulch in need of an undertaker. Now he's traded off his rum flivver for a hearse.” “Wealth an’ fame don’t allus go together,” said TUncle Eben.- “A famlly. It'is for the wery purpose of | tentioch to the warning than many |ukulele player gits de applauss, ‘while seeking to allay .the instant asperities | groundlings do~ to such signs as|a bricklayer is collectin’ real money.” 1 t there is not a great deal to think | { | i | D CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS “Washington, too, was shaken by an |yet that volcano showed no special ac- earthquake, Aprl 10, 1918; much glass | tivity. was shattered, but no other damage |, wag done. The center of the quake reglon was near Richmond, Va. This reglon is not in the earthquake zone ordinarily, and the director of the seismographs at the Georgetown Uni- versity, Father F. A. Tondorf, assures ! the public that there is no probability of serious repetition. Not so much as- surance can be given the Carolinas, and less stil] the Pacific coast, Of all parts of the world, Japan is the most seriously exposed to earthquakes, though the most fatal cataclysm known to history was that of China in 1636, when 500,000 fatalities oc- curred. * Kk What causes earthquakes? Why should the globe, as it rolls along its orbit through uninterrupted space, ever bump along like a wagon on a corduroy road? It strikes no uneven- ness In its course—not even such as the airpockets which make trouble 50, unexpectedly for aviators—for it passes through no atmosphere. Not even the ether, which is supposed to fill all space (denied by some astron- omers), could suddenly shake old earth and break its rock-ribbed foundations. * ¥ ¥ % Ancient Japanese were confident that the shakings they felt were caused by a huge spider, moving and gnawing In the earth. Mongolians contended that it was not a spider, but ‘a hog grunting and wallowing The people of India had moles burrowing, anil conceived -a giant mole tunneling beneath them. The Mussulman doubted that mole could be so big—it must be Te- phant. The North American Indian, not being familiar with 1ephants, plained the disturbance by the prob- able presence of a great subterranean tortoise Thus prevalent was the notion that the earthquakes were attributed to mythical apjmal life. deep. in the ground . seen an * ok ok % But more’ wortderful th all the myths of the untutored savages were the = ntific theorieg of the thinkers among most ancient peoples. Pythag- orus, Seneca and Aristotle attributed the shakings to subterranean fires, or the explosious of pent-up gases Lucretius thought they might be dque to the chemical action of the subter: nean water on rock strata, and Cardand (In the sixteenth century) explained them by the chemiecal.action on salt- petrous, * bituniinous and sulphurous masses in the earth. Demoeritus ree- ognized the causes most nearly as ac- cepted by scientists todav—the rhyth- mic uph and subsidence of the elastic crust of the th why that uphea —whether attributabie to the pull of the moon as it acts upon the tides or other influcnces of nature—has not yet been fully explainéd. It seems Incon- ceivable that any explosion of gases could have the dynamic power to 1ift | of in- a rock-ribbed mass of thousands square miles, shake it like an furiated beast of prey. twist it, break it. distort it! Yet that power which holds worlds in the hollow of His hand which swings planets through infinite space. mililons of vears. and never lets one, from the smallest to the greatest, swerve so much mile from its. set, orbjt, contrdls the dynamics of the ocean tides by the aulet force of gravity. As the moon pulls. first from one side of the earth's axis and then from the other. lifting the immeasurable weights of entire oceans, and tossing them down twice daily, so that Power lifts, some inscrutable,way, the mount and the valley, whether under the = or upon continents and islands, and shakes the habitations of man at will. xx The theory that earthquakes connected. somehow, with disturbances has been most popularly advanced. Humboldt belleved it. have many other distinguished scien- tists. But it is not-proved.. The great earthquake of Messina, Ttaly, occurred within eight miles of Mount Aet tns a are voleanie WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS | apparently no longer stationary. I in |3 | | { j days. Might there not be many cause: 1 being necessary in all quakes? * k X ¥ The crust of the earth is cracked in many places. Geologists call those cracks “fault One of the most advanced scientists of seismography in the world is Fa- ther Francis A, Tondorf of George- town Observatory. He is equipped with the most complete seismographs in America. Speaking of the liability of ~earthquakes along the great “faults,” he say “The practical certainty of the dis- location theory calls for & more thor- ough study of geological formations, 20 that the more unstable areas may be indicated on the m This ac- complished, more exact interpreta- tions of the warnings given by lesser shocks would -be-useful in places sit- uated along & serious fault line, Had this been done in the past, Messina and San Francisco would have better prepared to méet the that were so disastrous to them. * % X ¥ The above suggestion will be ap- preclated more clearly when taken in connection with the fact that there aré, almost daily, earth trembles which are not peiceptible except to the delicate called the seismograph. can be watched continually at the seismograph, and interpreted as accurately in prognos- ticating the approach of serious dis- turbances as, weather bureau - seien- tists forceast storms. * ¥ X % not The trembling of the earth is tual —physical—not merely magnetic, It n, be observed at times without the delicate seismograph, even upon the calm surface of a lake. The Lis- bon earthquake was noted oh Loch Lomond, Scotland, by the rhythmi waves, not made by the wind. In the same year (1877 a Russian astro omer noted oscillations in t of his transit instrument. which were coincldent with an earthquake 7.000 miles distant When the Charleston. . C., earth- quake was active an astronomer at the United States Naval Observatory, Washington, was astonish to see stars moving across the weh i great telescope. He learned next day that that was because the tele- scope was being shaken by the vibra- tions of the earth. Until that expl nation had come, through the news of the earthquake, It was most un- camny that the very heavens were *AE ok There have been published some in- accurate figures as to the number of carthquakes recorded.in Japan, ac- cording to Father Tondorf. Japan cannot e, _gredited with 1,500 quakes “has been published. On t authority of Count de director of the seism ecvatory of Chile, there quakes a_ear somewhere the world. The official figures for e Yeeorded by Dr. Omori, show that that country has had 2,173 quakes in twenty-four years—one every four a year, the high Montessu logleal are 3,830 Rk carthauakes What selemograph? When an earthquake starts it has two mo- tiong, simultancously. One is an up- heaval or compress which causes what are called “preliminary trem- bles” Then there is a twisting or distortion which causes what are known as “lo The preliminary for awhile on the re graph, the -duration how far the instrument selsmic focus of the suddenly the “long The 4 of the known to be nd: the sneed of the preliminary P, ) ig twice as fast. The travels along the chord of of the round earth, while the ve (L. W.) comes along the of the th. The selsmo- records the exact instant of of both wave and by span of time between the Is it is possible to com- distance from the instru- where the disturbance oc- is simple as it is to seconds between a light- ning flash nd the arrival of the sound of thunder, knowing Ot sound travels 1,080 feet per second. How recorded? are continue ng seismo- pending on from the long i waves the arc long w surface graph The arrival noting th two arr puta the ment to curs. Tt count the of his| c waves | about three miles per! | | i BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE despite her plunge into modefidsm, is still the land of super- stition. That being many men and women in Washington who know the stricken land prophesy that mil- lions of its people will see the hand of retribution at work in Nippon's woe. They will be those who lament Japan's mational passion for the trap- pings of the west. The Japanese, like peoples of the occident, have gone mad over money, motors and movies. Their women crave - the fashions of London, Paris and New fork. Foot ball, tennis and base ball have become the ideals of youth. The ancient architecture was succumbing . o steel-construction sky-scraper. become the ambition of the mnew Japan to get away from the tradi- tlons, and habits of the old. If some prophet arises to preach the gospel that the shades of the samural _and the Shinto and Buddhist saints demand a return to the standards of the glorious, simple pdst, Japan may be swept back into some of the paths she trod in the long ago. * kK K Prince Yamashina, who has lost his life in Japan, represented the im- perial family at memorial services for President Harding in Tokio on August 11. Tokio newspapers Jjust arrived in Washington contain photo- graphs of the prince at the American Trinity Cathedral with Ambassador rus E. Woods and the embassy So® Brinte Yamashina was the third prince of his line. The family dates back three generations, having been founded by the son of one of the emperors. The prince was only twen- ty-five years old, and, in accordance with Imperial _custom, was an_officer in the navy. For the past four years he had been attached to the naval flying corps and was consldered an officer .of uncommor’ promise. * K Kk One of the questions asked at the White House this week by visitors was whether it mightn't be a good plan to turn over the Philippines to Japan for refugee purposes. The sug- gestion recalls a ‘remark by the late Senator Ben Tillman of South Caro- lina. Shortly after -the Spanish- American war, when the Japanese were accused of harboring designs on the Islands, Tillman sald: “Why not embarrass Japan by making her a present of the Philippines?” Those were the days before Aguinaldo had succumbed to Funston. ; * x kk o President Coolldge, White House callers observe, has recovéred visibly from the depressed and careworn de- meanor that marked him during the days Immediately following Mr. Harding’s death. His face then was seamed with lines denoting worry and anxlety. Today Mr. Coolidge looks -distinctly fresher ‘and more buoyant, and, despite his fifty-one years, almost - youthful. His straw- Japan, . b berry-blonde hair contains not a wisp of gray. In every respect he creates the impression of being in the prims of his life and at the zenith of bis physical and intellectual powers. * K K K From Chicago comes a diverting tale which indicates what the average party worker thinks of Congress. George Brennan, the democratic boss of Chicago, recently informed one of his lleutenants that he had decided to “run him for Congress.” The new anointed was crestfallen. “Pshaw! he ejaculated, or words to that ef- fect. “You promised me I could be a city committeeman.” * K x % League of nations supporters eagerly, await a demonstration of its effectiveness as a preserver of peace. They can be heard in Washington ‘saying that If Geneva permits Musso- lini to humillate Greece or drag her into war the league Arabs may as well fold up their_tents and silently steal into oblivion, s far as Amer- fcan adherents are concerned. One distinguished disciple of Woodrow Wilson confesses to this observer that if the league fails in.the Italo- Greclan imbroglio, he and thousands like him “will be anti-league for life.” He has a mind to cable Lord Robert Cecil to leave no stone un- turned to set the Geneva machinery in motion to curb Mussolini, on the.| ground that America would be deeply impressed by such an exhibition. of the league's vitality. * % * X Senator Hiram W. Johnson hasn't tossed his hat into the presidential ring, but a New Jersey admirer has done it for him. The latter is run- ning paid advertisements, a column long, in Jersey daily papers, calling upon citizens of that commonwealth to Join a Johnson-for-President move- ment. The tempestuous Californifn conducted a whirlwind campaign for delegates in New Jersey in 1920, and captured eleven out of the state's total of twenty-cight convention votes. The rest went to Leonard Wood. * ok ok ok Secretary Slemp—the title and fhe name will be much in the news from now on—is a debonair figure, ‘'wha belies in looks and manner the fifty- three years to which he admits. He began his duties at’ the White Housg, elther by accident or design, on-his birthday, September 4. For the oc- casion he adorned his buttonhole with a yellow rosebud. = Slemp is slender, swarthy and suave. He comes from that corner of Virginia which claims to be the purest Anglo- Saxon community in all America. Alien immigration has never “defiled” the solid strain of “F. F. V." stock long domiciled _there—the whom the late-Walter Hines Page, himself a southerner, called “our Co- temporary lnee,wn.“ (Copyright, 1023.) llage by the students. , THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1923 The North Window BY LEILA MECHLIN The Corcoran Gallery of Art has in- augurated the opening season with a special exhibition of paintings by Mrs. Johanna Hallman of Pittsburgh, an artist who is not particularly well known in Washington, but whose work for some years has been con- spicuous for merit. One of the first paintings by this artist that the writer saw was a flower painting, the individuality and beauty of which still linger in memory. Curiously enough, it is in the field of flowers that the greatest progress and the most notable contributions have been made by American artists in the last few years. Never before have flowers been painted as beautl- fully, as artistically as they have been painted in this country in the Tast five ‘years, afid when this is said it takes into consideration the very heautiful paintings of flawers pro- duced in centuries past in Holland and in France. Perhaps because of this advance In flower painting, the older paintings of flowers have come again into vogue. Reproductions of the old Dutch flower paintings are in great demand and their decorative quality is appreciated for a consider- able period. How remarkably inter- ting they are, too, those great bunches and bowlfuls’ of old-fash- foned flow ®0 perfectly and so lovingly painted, with accuracy of drawing and detail, but at the same time with full comprehension of the diotates of art. These works are i variably rich in tone and in a m ure conventional, but for that reason perhaps all the ‘more serviceable for decorative purposes. * ok ok ok flower more The French of course, paintings are, of a exquisite sort; such, for example, as the two works in- the Corcoran Gallery of Art, one of roses, the other of a pink flower very similar to phlox. The French painted every petal with the utmost precision, and as a rule their color schemes were rather pretty high in key; but there was always som thing artificial about the flowers themselves, and to the lovers flowers they seemed soulless. The modern Dutch water colorists revolted from this mode of flowér in- terpretation and went to the other ex- treme, disregarding to a great extent torm, and presenting, through the use of shaded color and atmospheric ef- fect, essentfally epirit. T and of There were some beautiful flower paintings of the modern Dutch school in the Waggaman collection, and some of our own local painters, nota- ble among them Miss Clara Saunders and Miss Mary Godding, have pro- duced extremely charming works in this style. It was in this style that the late James Henry Moser directed his still life cl at the Corcoran Galiery of Art, and remarkab the results obtained under hi were, tute- Flower paint- ings of this sort are essentially in as- pect ephemeral, suggesting the per- ishable qual f the flower, its ragrance, its fragidity. In the Phillips Mendorial Gallery is an exquisite painting of roses by J. cn Weir, “which possesscs these same chafacterietics—a work rare beautiful in tone, and a masterpiec which would proclaim its merit ket amidst any famous collection. Johh La Farge occasionally did a flower palnting, and did it well, but his Then | paintings had more of the substance arrives.{and a little 1 s of the spirit, They were invar decarative and tone- ful, but they seemed to use the flower £6r a purpose rather than make It of major fmportance. * ok k% The modern most recent paintings are first of all colorful and secondly treatment. ) flower brilliantly most direct in They have form and sub- stance, and yet in some miraculous way preserve the spirit of the flower. The daisy is no longer modest, but shouts its charm. The garden vorites commingle, ' despite riotous calor, with enchanting brilliancy of effect. It is the splendor of flowers that modern art is proclaiming. Miss Hailman was one of the first to strike this modern note, and che is | today one of a company of really great flower painters, among w. instantly come to mind Maud Mason of New York, Maude Drein Bryant of Baltimore, Laura Coombs Hills of Wewburyport, Mass., and half a dozen Philadelphia painters, to name only a few. Laura Hills, who is foremost among minlature painters, uses for her flower paintings pastels, and com- bines them with still life in a most attractive manner. At the annual meeting of the Gar- den Club in Newport this exhibition made up ¥ flower paintings by distinguished American artists was shown at the Newport Art Association, under the auspices of the American Federation of Arts. * k % % How diverse again is the way in which the Japanese and Chinese ar- tists have interpreted flowers, using line rather than color, emphasizing outline rather than the third dimen- slon, and always emphasizing decora- tive effect. Exquisite examples of the art of these great oriental painters are to be seen In the Freer collection. A number of American artists are fol- lowing more or less in their footsteps, for example Robert W. Chanler, who has done most interesting deslgns, both of flowers and animals, for screens, and Theodore M. Hawley, who, has made exquisite studles in line and tint in the Japanese method of garden flowers; nor should the re- markable water colors of flowers by Mrs. Charles D. Walcott of this city be forgotten, for, though primarily of scientific interest, they are extremely cleverly rendered and artistic in ef- fect. * K ok ¥ Of interest to print collectors and of general significance is the following paragraph from an essay on lithog- raphy by Bolton Brown, the well known lithographer, which has just been published by Fitz Roy Carring- ton of New York. 5 “When I dig through portfoltes of old lithographs I find that the greater part are worthless, of course. They are badly drawn, and almost, but not always, as badly printed. Some are -~ overetched, some overprinted, and the great majority are’ both. Oc- casionally a better one crops up, for men who could draw have existed in all periods and used all materlals; there- have been chaps who could print, too. 1 know their work when 4 see it and I take off my hat to it. Bit the prize is that rare case in which a gifted enthusiast has hit upon an inspiring subject and a mas- ter - printer has handled the result. Such a print is a treasure time can- ot stale nor age impaired, a thing for the collector and the museum, pro- vided there ever was & museum which understood that the preservation of beauty, not history, was its function.” And this brings us back to the sub- ject of flower painting, for it recalls a statement made by a portrait painter that it was rather pitiful that the ar- tists of today had nothing better to people | do than paint flowers, no matter how well. In this opinion the writer ven tures to dissent, feor, after all, what better can an artist do than add to the sum ef beauty in the world? ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q. How much money did Abraham Lincoln leave?—A, L. G. A, Migs Tarbell in .the American Magazine.says that President Lincoln left an estate of $110,974.62. Q. Please tell me whei# 1 can get one of President Harding's medal- lions.—D. A. The Harding medallions may be purchased from the Philadelphia Mint, Philadelphia, Pa. . Q. ‘Will ' Sir Thomas Lipton try again to lift the America's cup for vacht racing?—F. J. W. A. Sir Thomas is In this country at present and says he will challenge in 1024 for a race in 1925. It was in 1898 that he came to America for the first time with the intention of lifting the America's cup. It takes its name from the fact that it was a schooner named the “America,” built by a syndicate of members of the New Yark Yacht Club, which brought over the cup in 1851. It was presented to the New York Yacht Club in 1857 to be held as a world trophy. The American entries have always efendel the trophy success- ully. Q. Are there more than negroes?—W. L. J A. Mongolians greatly negroes in the population of the world. The white races are most numerous, about 900,000,000; the yel- low, 645.000,000: black, 139,000,000; brown, 00,066, and red, 28,000,000. Q. What parts of the animal are sweetbreads?—K. L. L. A. Sweetbreads is-a popular term applied .to certain ds. of calves used for food: these are usually the pancreas or the stomuch sweetbread, and the thymus or breast sweetbread Q. -When negroes ‘have leprosy do they turn’ white?—J, F. A. The affected parts of the body turn a bright vellow, and are quite conspicuous from the contrast to the dark skin. Q. Where is the most powerful lighthouse located on our coast, and how far can the light be seen?— c. N.B: A. The Department of Commerce says that the light at Navesink, N. J., Is the most powerful, being visi- ble in clear weather at a distance of twenty-two miles, Q. Was elected by H W. N. i A. The president of the new C man republic is Frederick Ebert was elected by the national assembly summoned fo mmeet at Weimer, on February 6, 1918. The constitution of the republic was adopted on July 31, 1619. It provides for both eentral and state legislatures. All bills re- quire the consent of the reichsrath before being infroduced into the reichatag. The principle of referen- dum ig provided for and the members of the legislature are to be elected by universall equal, direct and secret votes on a proportional system. The president is_to be elected by the di- rect vote of the citizens. hoth male nd fen OVer twenty years of age, for a_period of seven years. The elee- | tion is to take place either on Sun- | day or on a day of public rest. The cabinet is- appointed by the presi- dent. Q. Should ked green and dried, vine until ripe?—V. G. 8. A. The Department of Agriculture ¥ that the seeds should not be thered until very ripe. Q. olat water.—R. A. Add 3 pound of cocoa then add 8 pounds Mongolians outnumber the German president the German people?— nasturtium seeds | or left on the | Please give a recipe for choc- flavor like that used in soda quarts of water to 3 Let come to a boil, of sugar. Boil| dissolved, until sugar is thoroughl remgve from add 1 ounce vanilla fire; strain_and cool. Q. ' How long have we had Sunday newspapers in this country?—K. B, A. “The growth of the Sunday aew papers dates from the civil war, but it w not until many years aft. the conclusion of the war that ths large Sunday editions began to make their appearance. Q. Who was Peter Funk?—S. H. R A. While there may have been meg in real life named Peter Funk, the name is generally assoclated with ths custom of using it for a person em. ploved at un auction to offer boyu ids in order to ralse the price, Q. What is used to galvanize fron? —R. C. A. Galvanized iron is iron which has been coated with tin and they with zinc to prevent rusting. Q. How is the word utcllmul»’;f accented?—C. E. A. Acclimated is accented second syllable. Q, What are Pralms” G, D, A. The penitentia] psalms are the psalms in_ which repentence is ecx. pressed and pardon asked of God In the Authorized Version they are: 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130 and 143 It iy sald that Saint Augustine when @ying caused these psalms to be wriften out on the wall facing his bed. The most deeply penitent is the GBist Psalm, known also s the Miserere Q. How did th of land originate M. B. C. A._ Acre, originally a “field,” “pas. ture,” or “hunting ground,” later came to be a rough measure of ground «n wa held to be what one man could plow one.day, or (in England) what yoke of oxen could plow in one day on the the “Penitential acre measurement Q. How long have we had accldent insurance in this country?—A. i A. Accident insurance was first in. troduced into the United States in 1859, and the first accident insurance company " was organized in 1863 at Hartford, Conn. It is said that the first accident policy was {=sued when the president of the company insured a_citl of Hartford in the sum o §5.000 for a premium of 2 cenw against death by accident whil walking from the post office to his residence. Q. 1. P. A. The above 90 Is it hot in the Fiji Islands? - temperature degrees F. seldom fises or falls below Q. Where was the first agricu tural experiment station located country?—J. K first regularly organized experiment station in merica was established at Wesleyan niversity, Middietown, Conn.. In 75, under the direction of Dr. W. 0, Atwater, Q. How many pyramids are therel in Egypt?—L. U, A. There are now in existencyl about seventy-five pyramids in Egypt. Q. What is meant by genre paint ings?—R. T. Pictures dealing with everyday are known as genre, as dis: nguished from historic, romantic, ¢ ideal themes. (Send your question to The Star Information Butcaw, Frederéo J Haskin, Direétor, 1220 North Cap- tol street. The only charge for this service is 2 cents in stamps for fe turn postage.) Great Gaelic College to Be Erected On Scotland’s Holy Island of Ion: BY THE MARQUISE I FONTENOY. | Every one of Scottish birth or d ent, and, above all, every Presby- terian, will be sympathetically inter- ested to learn that “the Duke of Atholl, superchieftain of the great clan of Murray and the most repre- sentative and feudal of all thé great highland nobles of George V's nofth- ern kingdom, has accepted the active presidency of an influential move- ment for the establishment of a great Gaelic college on the holy island of Iona, the one place of all others identified with the early Christianity, culture and civilization of the British Isles. The history of Iona goes back fif- teen centurfes to the time when, in AD. 363, St. Columba, an Irish monk, driven out of Erin, sought refuge there with twelve compan- ions—that is to say, just thirty-four years before St. Augustine landed in Great Britain to convert its people. It is probable that Iona was already sacred for hundreds of years previ- ously to the rites of the Druids. For its ancient Gaelic name _was Innis Non Druineach (Isle of the Druids). St. Columba was confirmed, in the possessfon of the island by its owner, C 14 King of the Northern Scots. King ‘Adian, his successof and cousin, came to Tona to be crowmed by St.'Columba. The stone on which he sat for the occasion is the cele- brated_Stone of Destiny and was thereafter used at the coronation of the kings of Scotland, at lona, at Dunstaffnage, and at Scone, until carried off to London in 1296 by King Edward I of England, since time it has been preserved in W minster Abbey, forming the s the coronation chair or throne on which every British sovercign from the time of Edward I to King George V has been crowned. * X ¥ % The fact that the stone should be of the same material as the rocks of the island of Iona clearly indicates the fallacy of the popular legend ac- ¢ording to whieh it was brought originally from the Holy Land, after serving there as the pillow to Jacob when he slept and saw in his dream angels ascending and descending a ladder that reached to heaven; and that it was afterward used on the sacred hill of Tara, in Ireland, throughout many centuries, for the coronation of the Irish Kkings, before was only prevented from doing so I his premature death: * x % % Tona was the seat of an archbi opric, was for a time subject to th kings of Norway, then freed fron| thelr rule by the Scottish her Sotherled the at, founder of th MacDénald dyn: of the ancien “Lords of the Isles,” and was finaliy from them by the Campbell . with the assistance of Kin Robert ‘Bruce. The superchfeftain of the Campbells, the teighth Duke of Argyll, took advantage of his owner] ship of the holy isle to make over al his ecclesiastical remains on the island to the trustees of the Pres- byterlan Church of Scotland. He was a_ Presbyterian of the strictest type and he was determined to prevent them. at all costs, from falling Into the hands of the Church of England or of the Church of Rome. For Wwhile his eldest son, the late duke. who married Queen Victoria's daugh- ter, Princess Loulse, was an enthu. stic member of the Church of Eng- land, the second heir of the present and tenth duke is a half American and is a Roman Catholic. The trus tees of the Presbyterlan Church while accepting the gift with gral tude, openly regretted that the gi did not include the whole fslani fearing that it might fall once mor: into the hands of the Roman Catholi Church, to whom it had originally be- longed. It must be admitted, however, that the. trustees have not made a good use of the gift, for they have shock- ed all those possessed of any sense of art or of reverence fr the historic past by the vandalistic restoration of the glorious old ruin of the Cathedral of Tona. It has not only been re- roofed, but also fitted with neo-Gothic brass' work, woodwork and other twentieth céntury furnishings from "hurch furniture” emporiums, which ffend the eye not only by their gressively modern Philistinism, & also by their glaring anachronis That the trustees should have desfred to use the old sanctuary of what w. once the Gaelic counterpart of Enc land’s Canterbury Cathedral an Westminster Abbey is_comprehensi- ble, but it passes imagination how they could have had so little sense of propriety as to convert it into what looks like a brand-new Presbyterian church, utterly out of place among its wonderful environment. . * % k% The late Duke of Argyll, while & devout Ahnglican of the low ‘church type, feared the high church and rit; ualistic Inclinations of his nephew being carried oft by St. Columba to and successor, the present duke, might Scotland. It was from Tona that Saint Columba. spread Christianity throughout the length and breadth of Scotland, and it was:. there that he died and was buried, predicting before his demise that lona would remain one of the most honored spots on the face of the earth, a prediction which has been fulfilled. ~No» less than forty-eight Scottish _kings, including Shake- speafe’s King Diincan and King Mac- beth; Jour Irish ~kings and eleven kings of Norway ‘e buried on the island of lona, as well as the old-time lords of the isfes. i Indeed, in the early days of the Christian era, and in the middle ages, the soil ofilona was regarded as &o sacred, and burial there so high an honor and so great a privilege, that the remains of royal personages an of powertul nobles, of vikings and ol mighty chieftains, ‘were brought there for interment not only from all parts of Scotland and Ireland, but also across the Nbrth sea, from the re- motest portions of Scandinavia. The cathedral dates from the twelfth cen- tury, while Saint Oran’s Chapel was built by Queen Margaret, sister of the Anglo-Saxon' King, Edgar Atheling. Attached to the cathedral was the iibrary, so celebrated in its day that Pope Plus V, aflet presenting it with many gifts, pregared to visit it, and A A \ end in his conversion to Roman Ca- tholicism. So he attempted to intro- duce a clause in his Will, according to ‘the terms of which membership of the Roman Church should censtitute a disqualification to the possession of the holy island. But he was warned by his own lawyers, as well as by em! nent jurists whom he consulted, thut Tona formed part and parcel of the en- tailed estates of the dukedom and that he had no power to alienate its ownership from any of his guccessors to_the dukedom. The present duke, who still remains a bachelor, is perfectly empowered (0 grant a lease of ninety-nine years or longer to the Duke of Atholl and his committee of trustees for the erec- tion of the projected Gallic college on the island, to serve as €ort of a Gal- lic Mecca' of Presbyterianism. But there is nothing save death or conver- sion to Protestantism that can prevent his young half-American cousin, Ian Douglas, now twenty years old, s of Douglas Campbell and of the late Susanne, - daughter and héiress of John Lawrence of New York, from eventually succeeding his father ag§ the heir to the family honors and a3} tates, as the twplfth Duke of Ars-: and thus giving the holy jsland of Iona a_Roman Catholic owaer and overlord.