Evening Star Newspaper, August 11, 1923, Page 6

. B THE EVENING STAR,! ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. N, D. C. WASHINGTO SATURDAY.....August 11, 1923 THEODORE W. NOYES, The Evening Star Newspaper Company , 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. oS 42nd St. The.Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delfvered by carriers within the city 26 60 cents pe: month; dally only, 43 cents yer month: Sundny only, 20 cents per month. Or ders may be seut by mail, or telephone ain Collection is made by carriers at the ead of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunday..1yr., §8.40; 1 mo., 7 Daily only $6.00; 1 mo., 50c Sunday only $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. Dally and Sunday..1yr., $10.00; 1 mo.. 85¢ Daily only $7.00: 1 mo., 60c Sunday only Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press iy exclusively entitled to the use for republicavion of all news dis- patehes credited to 1t or pot otherwise credited also the local mews pub: herein. ~ Ail rights of publication of 1 dispatches herein o reserved. e -~ = The President and Coal. Calvin Coolidge starts today his real work as President of the United States. Ever since he took the cath of office in Vermont, upon the wired announcement of the death of Mr. Harding, he has been engaged in the mourntul task of arranging and at- tending the funeral of his late chief and friend. Now that those rites are completed, he picks up the reins of office and inaugurates his administra- tion of the national affairs. His re- sponsibility is heavy and, his trials will be many and hard to bear. He should and he doubtless will have the stanch support of all who put the national welfare ahead of partisan- ship. : Mr. Coolidge enters upon his admin- istration with a particularly trying problem ahead of him. That relates t0 the nation's supply of anthracite fuel, which to many millions of peo- ple is a vital necessity. The contract year, established upon the settlement of the strike of 1922, expires at the end of this present month, Confer- ences between the mine owners and the miners' representatives have led to no agreement. A difference which at present seems irreconcilable re- mains regarding the question of the recognition of the union through the adoption of the ‘“check-off" system, whereby the employer collects the union dues from all operatives. Twenty days from now if that ques- tion is not settled and a new contract written work in the mines will sus- pend and the production of anthracite will cease. With all the stock on hand, in storage, at distribution points and in the bins of consumers, there will remain a heavy deflcit, from which millions of people will suffer severely during the coming winter. Prevention of the threatened strike is an imperative public necessity. The Federal Fuel Commission has no power to act effectively. The Presi- dent of the United States has no actual direct power to compel the op- eration of the mines. But he has a great moral power, and at this hour of Mr. Coolidge's entrance upon his task the country is looking to him to exercise that power and to bring about, if possible, an adjustment that will insure the continuous mining of anthracite and the supply of the peo- ple’s needs this winter. Mr. Coolidge is versed In the law and, of course, knows the limitations of his authority in the premises. But be may be relied upon to m’oznize}ren G. Harding, late President of the the public's need and the danger of widespread suffering and perhaps many deaths from lack of fuel during the cold months and to do his utmost to prevent this disaster, He may see his way to direct intervention. He may find it possible to summon the representatives of the two sides, as did President Roosevelt in 1902, agd demand of them, in the name of the nation, that they find a way to keep the mines in operation. He may, in the event of failure to secure pledges from them of continued production, | summon Congress in extra session, in season to act, giving authority for governmental operation of the mines pending the re-establishment of indus- trial peace. There Is time for such @ summons and such action if the ©ccasion demands. The public necessity is so acute that extraordinary measures are requisite. ‘The responsibility for the crisis does ot now rest upon the President. The mation prays and belleves that if the menace is not quickly removed he ‘will not flinch from accepting it and acting to the limit of his authority to the end of preventing a disaster. ————m— There is still room for inventive progress in the motor industry. The world recognizes the need,of an air- plane attachment that will enable a flivver” to soar for a short distance ‘when it approaches & grade crossing. ——————— A certain amount of veluable time @nd energy is still being lost in Ger- many in calculating the value of paper marks as well as in printing them. World-Wide Memorial Services. The death of no other mian than ‘Warren G.- Harding has.ever inspired memorial services in so many parts of the world. The President of the United States is as large a figure among the peoples of the earth as any emperor, king or other chief magis- trate of a nation is or ever was. ‘Though the United States has de- clined that association with other governments contemplated by the agreement creating the league of na- tions, and though the degree to which we will engage in agreement with other nations is still a much-discussed question, the republic of the United States holds a pre-eminent place among the governments of the world. The Executive of such a nation is a man known to the educated classes, the reading classes and the listening classes among all foreign peoples. Still another reason for the great number of Harding memorial services throughout the world is to be found in that intimacy of the world due to the cable, the wireless, the radio and the newspaper. A mighty happening 48 kpown within & few seconds or a $3.00; 1 mo., 25¢ | few minutes in every quarter of the THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, the special trafic committee, and it} world and within a few hours may /is believed that these changes willi be known to every civilized man. The prominence of the United States, the prominence of its President, the knowledge which the people of the world had of Warren Harding, the pathos of his taking off and the fact that there.lis nearly instantaneous communication between peoples called forth the widest show of sympathy which the world has ever manifested for a man. Behind all the reasons thus set forth there was a very gen- eral understanding throughout the world of that generous, urbape and kindly character which made Warren Harding liked by all men who met him. In the news columns we are told that memorial services for our late President were held in London, Paris, Brussels, Berlin, Stockholm, Edinburgh, Mexico City, Montevideo, Peking, Copenhagen, Bucharest and hundreds on hundreds of places in scores of foreign lands. —_——— No Patronage Problem. Political patronage, the power of appointing to federal office, placed in the hands of the President of the United States, is a tremendous weapon, It also becomes a tre- mendous burden. Candidates for office and their supporters importune the President morning, noon and night. He frequently has to appoint one man at the expense of losing the friendly feeling of another and that other's friends. President Coolidge enters the White House under unusual circumstances. Practically all the jobs have been filled by his predecessor. He has already announced that he desires the members of the cabinet and other officials serving under the late Presi- dent Harding to carry on. Outside of the secretary to the President, his per- sonal physician and a few other places, there are to be practically no changes. The swarms of office-seek- ers who flock to Washington at the beginning of new admindstrations will be consplcuous, therefore, by their absence. Furthermore, Mr. Coolidge enters upon office as Chief Executive with no political debts to pay. Hg owes no one. He was not placed in'h position where even tacitly understood prom- ises of preferment could be recalled. These circumstances should lighten the burden upon the President, a bur- den that promises to be great in view of the problems his administration must meet. While he will be com- pelled to discuss policies and reach decisions; to listen to all kinds of storfes from the politicians, at least he will be spared the job-hunter. Prediction has already been made that some members of the cabinet eventually will retire and when such changes do occur the President will naturally select to fill vacancies in his political family men upon whom he feels he can depend, men for whom he has a personal predilection. A number of men are serving today inder recess appointments glven by the late President. In any event their nominations would have had to be resubmitted to the Senate when that body convened. President Cool- idge may feel cbligated to send these nominations to the Senate, certainly the great majority of them. But that i# a bridge he need not cross until . Senate meets. Among the recess appointments are the members of the District Rent Commission ————— The Silent Requiem. Silence! Stillness! All over the United States yesterday at the hour of the interment of the body of War- United States, at Marion, his former home, the activities of the people of the country were checked. By pre.’ arrangement with reference to the differences in time all traffic was sus- pended, all work was stopped and, so | far as possible, all motion ceased. For five minutes this hush prevailed and the people joined in spirit in the services at the grave of him who had 80 deeply won their hearts in his brief term as Chief Exccutive of the,) nation. This silent tribute was a prayer for {the rest of a weary man who gave himself so completely for the public welfare and sacrificed his life to his office. It was a prayer of thanksgiv- ing, too, for this splendid example of citizenship set by Warren Harding for his fellow Americans. It was an expression of deepest sympathy for his wife, who bore with him his bur- den of care and responsibility and service and who has in the hour of bereavement borne herself with such {admirable stanchness of spirit. Such an intense concentration of national thought at the time of -the solemnities at Marion must have its sood results. Every person partici- pating is bettered by it. The country is strengthened by it. The national pulse is quickened by it. "No more eloquent requiem was ever spoken than yesterday was expressed in silence by the people who loved him who went at that moment to his great | rest, The soft coal nuisance becomes a small consideration as compared with the nuisance threatened by the an- thracite controversy. Turkish diplomats pay a compli- ment to certain new world institu- tions by distinguishing themselves as stand-patters. Berlin in studying the dyestuff sit- uation favors the idea of allowing red politics to do its coloring of opinions elsewhere. 2 Changes in Traffic Rules. Traffic regulations wilk become sta- bilized in course of time and then drivers and pedestrians will have a chance to get acquainted with them, ‘We have had many changes and much discussion, but it is understood by all of us that we have been passing through a period of experimentation. A traffic rule that appears excellent in theory may not work s6 well when applied to a streetful of machines and @ rule that may not be beautiful in theory may give good result when tried out in practice. In the matter of one-way streets several important changes have been agreed on by the Comymissioners on gscomwdlucn of it. help the movement of traffic. The one-way rule on 12th and 13th streets i to be extended from X street to Massachusetts avenue. Thirteenth street, now a north.way street, will be changed to & south-way street, except between Pennsylvania avenue and F street, where traffic will move both ways. Twelfth street, now a south-way street, will be made a north-way street. Numerous other changes have been ordered and will £o-into effect in due time. It will be necessary for motorists to follow the news and the arrows if they would go straight and do no damage to the law. . Warren Harding’s Friends. Photographs of the proceedings at Marion yesterday, when the people of that city passed throygh the home of Warren G. Harding's father, to pay their Jlast tribute to their beloved fellow citizen, show a remafkahly varled assortment. Many cf the men are in their shirt sleeves. In one picgure appears a woman wearing an apron. These mourners at the bier had. come from their work, their homes, their kitchens, from the streets, dropping everything to do honor to the man whom Marion proudly gave to the nation, their townsman whom they knew inti- mately. There was no “dressing up” for the occasion. They went as they whre, in the clothes they were accus- tomed to wear, for they knew that he who had gone would not wish them to do otherwise. For Warren Harding was & plain man, a man of the people, who loved®he people and had worked with them as well as for them, who understood all their thoughts and aspirations. . And this same spirit pre. vailed in the matter of the participa- tion of the employes of the Marion Star, who, at Mrs. Harding's par- ticular request, marched in the fu- neral procession immediately behind her motor. They dressed in their usual Sunday clothes. They had no frock coats or high hats, and some- what, it is stated, to the distress of one of those in charge of the arrange. ments, they followed Mrs, Harding's wishes and so proceeded, for, as their leader said, “Warren never wore a silk hat when he worked over at the Star, and we'll follow him to his grave as we are.” Communists gave in the reichstag an exhibition of violence which affords a suggestion of the methcds with which they would displace the forms of government in general. The word “communism” Hus never succeeded In allying itself to a hopeful or a helpful meaning. y New York is willing to guarantee that by selecting the eastern metropo- lis as the conventlon city the demo- | 2 e e WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS cratic party will have a splendid time, at least before the election. Prohibition Commissioner Haynes says that “home brew” is out of fashion. Fashlonable circles may have decided that pink noses will not be worn next season. —_———— Calvin Coolidge cannot escape the rule. Any statesman with great re. sponsibilities in hand is inevitably re. ferred to at one time or another as a sphinx. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Fisherman. Bill used to fish down in the brook. Sometimes a bent pin made a hook. His hat wag torn, his feet were bare; Bill was a boy and d\dn'l care. Bill fishes still. He's now afloat At ease in g palatial boat, With everything that heart could wish— i The tackle's worth more than the fish. Companions gay and friends sincere, When Bill a-fishing goes, draw near; |And anything he ldnds with care A chef is walting to prepare. And yet the dreamlight in his eye Shows that he dwells in days gone by And hears the music low and sweet | Where quivering branches bend and meet, The line that gives a sudden thrill Has boyhood messages for Bill. And as he wears a far-off look I know he's a-fishing in that brook. Important Qualification, v “You go as far as to admit the possibility of defeat for your party?” | “Ye: replied Senator Sorghum; “but you will observe that 1 observe the rule of statesmen who lift 8 warn. | ing voice and am always mighty care- ful to day ‘unless’ Jud Tunkins says all that daylight- saving did for his community was to make Si Simlin' stop whittling long enough to go around the neighbor- hood looking for the time of day that suited him. . A Retrogressive. A socialist in language sad Our wrongs proceeded to rehearse. He said that everything was bad— And then jumped in to make things worse. Only Reasonable, “Street gowns are longe: “‘Of course,” replied Miss Cayenne. “Bathing suits are as short as ever and a girl needs protection from sun- burn at least part of the day.” Metal “I envy the man with a cast iron stomach.” “Yes," said Uncle Bill Bottletop; “but even that hasn't a chance If it starts competition with a copper still.” Against Metal. Locating the Joy. “Where's ‘the real fun in playihg this new game?” ““As far as I can make out,” replied Cactus Joe, “the fun isn't in playing It's in the argument about how tp make up the score.” “You never gits over bein’ credu- lous,” said Uncle Eben. *I keeps be- lievin’ to dis day dat whut I sees on a circus poster is mebbe gineter come true.” D. C, SATURDAY, AUGUST 11! 1923. e e Article by Woodrow Wilson - Stirs Nation-Wide Interest Woodrow Wilson's concern for a world In its present state of unrest and for his beloved United States, as expresseq by his rccent article In the Atlantic Monthly, has attracted wide attention throughout the country. Coming as it Aid almost simultane- ously with the warning by Senator- elect Magnus Johnson that unless the rights ¢f the common people were more properly safeguarded revolution impended, editors read into the Wil- son statement their own particular reflex of actual conditions. It is gen- erslly suggested that the former President is right so far as his ex- pressions of hope are concerned. The Omaha World Herald Insists that “the way the country speaks is eventually the way it will go. and we believe the American people can be trusted. Obstacles to fair, just and humane government will b swept away before the public opinion, which may be influenced by hysterla at times, but utimately seeks the right thing for all of us. Despite dis- couraging incidents and situations, there 15 confidence to be placed fn the hope of the former President that America will be equal to the 'supreme task’ of leadership of democracy.”™ That also Is the viow entertained by the jca Press, which suggests that “today human natufe is still fired by ideals. The problem is to have them of the right sort. In turning atten- tion to this one factor in the progress of the race the former President fs- sues a warning and a_challenge that should not be ignored.” * * ¥ % The St. Paul Dispatch does not sym- pathize with those who accept the Wilson doctrine, arguing that ‘the voice still speaks with the old lan- guage, but it lacks the old incisive- ness of phrase and it does not com- mand. An act of Congress cannot declare war against men's baser natures; the souls of the world cannot be mobllized by a selective draft service to remove heartlessness from the everyday acts of men” Along somewhat similar lines is the com- ment of the Detroit News in suggest- ing that “Woodrow Wilson has enjoyed & long slumber. He emerges from the past and voices an echo of his lost opportunity. Noble words multiply in his mouth like ants in sand. He alone mong men, and as none other in history, had the chance to translate them into material conditions. When he talks of the world and its spiritual redemption he Is recalling the epitome of his own great failure. For Wood- row Wilson is the one man who could have made good his fourteen points, but with the common people of the whole world at his back he failed.” * * *x x The New York Evening World points out that “Woodrow Wilson ex- pressed fear of revolution; Magnus Johnson predicteq revolution and Sen- ator Couzens, Michigan, republican, expressed substantial agreement with the former President. Thus the three wings of political opinion ranging from liberal to extremist are speak- Ing in somewhat the same languag: There is revolution, not in prospect, BY FREDERIC Few men In public life have un- dergone the personal sorrows that have befallen Harry M. Daugherty within the past vear. They began with his nervous breakdown, follow- ing threatened impeachment ceedings in Congress. Then came the distress incident to the escapades of his son. In June the Attorney Gen- eral suffered the loss, under tragic circumstances, of his boon companton, | Jess Smith, who committed suicide in Daugherty's own apartments. Two months later President Harding died, robbing the Attorney General of his closest and dearest friend. To cap it all, Mrs. Datghetry is a chronic in- valid. It would be more than human if the man who made Harding Presi- dent cared, amid such a torrent of travail, to continue to carry the bur- dens of public office. Daugherty in his sixty-fourth vear. Few of his cotemporaries have had a more stren- uous, not to say stormy career. * ok K ¥ The Coolidge boys, John and Cal- vin, Jr. are preparing fér college a Mercersburg Academy in Pennsyl- vania. At first, their parents plan- ned to send them to ‘“prep” some- where in their native New England, whose landscape is thickly dotted with boys' schools, but Mercersburg was chosen because of its proximity to Washington. The academy nestles prettily in the Cumberland valley not far from the battlefleld of Gettys- burg. The headmaster is a famous Princeton man, Dr. Willlam Mann Ir- vine, known as “Big Bill" when he used to tear through the Yale line in the late eighties as a member of a champlon Tiger eleven. President and Mrs, Coolidge have been accus- tomed to motor to Mercersburg pe odically to visit their boys. Last Vear Mr. Coolidge laid the corner stone of the school's magnificent new library and assembly hall. * k Xk % Frank O. Lowden, former Governor of Illinois, was among the week's throng of interesting visitors brought to Washington by Mr. Harding's death. Efforts to “draw” him on his political intentions were futile, but his friends insist he will be a recep- tive candidate for the republican presidential nomination when 1924 rolls around. Lowden sentiment is still strong throughout the middle west. , It can easily be mobilized for campaign purposes. Mr. Lowden has been living the life of a gentleman dirt-farmer at Oregon, IIl, for the past three yvears. He s sixty-two years old, but is in the pink of physi- cal vigor, thanks to a restful outdoor life. Lowden iy spending th® summer on his island in the St. Lawrence river,'at Alexandria Bay, N. Y. * ok * ok Somebody, who must have been & cynic, once observed that every time a United States senator peers into a mirror he sees a future President of the United States. Which recalls that at least three republican mem- bers of the Senate, hitherto not gen- erally mentioned in connection with 1924, now are ready to hurl their headgear into the arena. The trio emhr{cel James W. Wadsworth, Jr., of New York, George Wharton Pep- er of Pennsylvania and Walter E. dge of New Jersey. Each is sald to be able to dellver a favorite-son delegation, although Pepper might find himself faced by a contest with Gov. Gifford Pinchot. * * % X Rear Admiral Cary T. Grayson is telling with gusto of the retort un- ambiguous given by a friend and brother Virginia medic, recently haled before the county judge for speeding. B Soctor admitted he had stepped on the gas to race to the bedside of a patient reported to be dying. “I thought I had a right to hit it up under those circumstances,” he told the judge. “Well,” sald the judge, “T'll ‘have to fine You $10 for speed- ing, but 1 can’t fine you for think- ’ pro- | is | "~ Rejolned the doctor: “All right, | but {n retrospect. So we should speed up soclal advance and close the g2p between material and the spir- tual developments and so achleve rational revolution to conserve benefits of material revolution as well. This Is the task ahead. We have undergone revolution. Revolution is in progress. Revolution is in proj pect. The questjon is whether it will be rational or irrational” The Newark Evening News is convinced “there is no lack of continuity in Mr. Wilson's thought when he break: the silence of the last two and one- half years to utter a warning against influences which are still threatening our civilization. Mr. Wilson goes up to the higher plane of the French adage: ‘Noblesse oblige.’ He warns prudent men to make this present order, which the discontented call the capitalistic system, so clean and fair that prejudice will be’ disarmed and there will be no cause for discontent.” * ok ok % It is the opinion of the Reading Tri- bune that although Wilson made more enemies than friends as President he **has made some friends since his tenure of office expjred. One of the reasons why he was thoroughly misunderstood was becausc he dealt with ab- stractions. This fault may be found With his latest article, which contains parables, unfortunately, that are mean ingless to the average individual. It Mr. Wllson would outline concretely the things that a capitalistic state will have to surrender to maintain tranquillity he will not only be understood but appre- clated by the very people who were his enemies In 1920. “Capltalists and prole- tarfats alike agree that the present sys- tem of society is unsatisfactory, but N0 one o far has offered anything bet- | ter than abstractions to improve it.” Always nteresting, the Nashville Banner feels that Mr. Wilson's present statement ghould be carefully studied, and thinks the views “will receive the consideration to which they are en- titled and which his great prestige as a thinker will bring to them. If they result in a gencral awakening of the people.to the necessity for such spirit- ual regeneration as he suggests they will have accomplished very much in- deed.” That alko Is the opinion enter- tained by the Baltimore Sun, which feels that “It is a subject for public con- Brutulation that he is able once more to utter a clear call to the colors of public service.” * o % ¥ The great trouble with America is “‘we are money mad.,” the Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette holds. “and unless there Is a revival spiritually we shall face serlous times in the future. All this was clear to Mr. Wileon long before he became President. He dedicated his genius during the first four years of his presidency to an attempt to right real wrongs. For that, more than any- thing else, he ix hated. For that, more than anything else. he is entitied to the gratitude of thinkers.” The Albany. Knickerbocker Press adds that “Wil. son’s position 6f aloofness gives him an advantage in adding to the weight of his counsel,” while his suggestion of the golden rule is in reality the road away from revolution: while the Lin- coln Star holds that “to prevent revo. lution by learning and scotching its causes has occurred to but few and Mr. Wilson could not lend his talents @nd experience to a more vital prob- em. WILLIAM WILE |fudge: if you can’t fine me for thi |Ing. I think you're a damned 102:( {Order for contempt of c v Srdasifg P ourt was not * % % % “Eddie” Hood, Washington's oldest and best loved reporfer, who was burled today, might once have been assistant secretary of the Navy. John D. Long, McKinley's Secretary of the Navy. offered him the post during the Spanich-American war. Ne often re. fused State Department appointments. Forelgn governments repeatedly ten- dered Hood decorations in tok. token o his faithful chronicling of 'interne. tional news at Washington. Heooq Was a graceful public speaker, thougn he shunned the limelight. Various honcrs were tendered him in- vain {ven by his own colleagues. He pre. rred “service in the ranks, Seerc. ries of State and ambaseadors, 4 *Pite thelr passion for diplomatic so. grets. habitually divulged then, "co | o One of his notable scoops was RCWS of the officlal of the Washington conference. > " * ok % ¥ Calvin Coolldge and George Harvey happen both to be Vermonters—a clroumstance that may impel the new !‘ro.;;ld\nt to keep the vivacious col- onel on the job at the court of i James if he consents to stay put. M. Vvey Is revisiting rative Green mountain rning to England, and | soil that gave Dresi- dent Coolidge birth may il the cojensl ¥ith a fillal ambition to remain at Toon. don. Perhaps 1924 will find Harvey one of George Moses' New England con. .idge-for-President rooters. (Copyrigh ) ———— War Not Necessary to Progress of Race| An Army officer in the course of a recent lecture endeavored to prove that man's triumph over the brute creation and his progress in civill. | zation are due mainly to development of the power to hurl missiles,yor use force at a distance. He was speak- ing as a soldier. A little reflection should suffice to convince any one that what he re- ®gards as a cause of the development of man's intelligence was merely an effect. Monkeys are able to hurl The Liiwrnry Table ; BY THE BOOKLOV_IH Washington is more and more be coming a research and educational center. Not only is the research work of the government steadily ex- panding, but new agencles, privately supported, are frequently being es- tablished here, presumably because of easy access to libraries, laboratories and other sources of information afforded by the governmental estab- lishment. Such organizations have 80 multiplied in the past few years that new ones take their places in the Washington scene almost un- noticed. Two such organizations, housed in a new bullding on the west side of Jackson Square, are produc- ing books that have attracted the at- tention of the Booklover, and which should be of much interest to many Washingtonians. Is the Institute for Government Re- search, established about six years 0. Just now its Investigators are writing monographs describing ope- rations of the various administrative services of the national government. Already something like twenty-five volumes have been published. Prob- ably there will be a8 many as forty or fifty altogether. The Institute for Government Research, of which Dr. W. F. Willoughby is director, has also published important volumes on the budget, both federal “and state, in this country and in Canada and Eng- land, and also wolumes of special in- terest to persons in the government service such as “Principles of Gov- erning the Retirement of Public Em- ployes” by Lewis Meriam; “Principles of Public Personnel Administration,” by A. W. Proctor, and “The Federal Service; ‘a Study of the System of Public Personnei Administration,” by Lewis Mayers. Although these books are not light reading, they are of the highest authority in their fleld, which Is the study of American government, varticularly the federal government. * k x % The newer of these two research organizations is the Institute of Eco- nomics. It has been organized little more than a year and has just brought out its first publication. In opening this book the first thing that struck the Booklover's eye was the state- ment that the Institute of Economics had been established by the Carnegle Corporation. In view of Andrew Car- negle's interest in peace and interna- tional good will (shown by his found- ing of the Carnegle Endowment for International Peace, his gift of the Peace Palace at The Hagzue and of our own Pan-American Union peace palace and other gifts to the same purpose), it is interesting to note that the first publication of this recent Carnegle en- terprise, the Institute of Economics, is aleo in the interest of peace. The first of a series of “Investigations in International economic reconstruc- tion," it is entitled “Germany's Capac- ity to Pay: a Study of the Reparation Problem.’ It is edited by Dr. Harold G. Moulton, the director ®f the insti- tute, and by C. E. McGuire. Dr. Moul- ton in his preface states that “nearly everybody recognizes that there can be no genuine settlement of the repa- ration problem until those who are responsible for its solution reach gen- eral agreement on the economic facts and forces Involved.” He states that the study made has been as thorough and that its findings are as conclu- sive as would be those of any com- mission_of business men and econo- mists. The purpose of the study has been “to make as complete a diag- nosls as possible of Germany's eco- nomic conditlon and of her ability to continue making reparation paymen and to point out the bearing of inter- national trade conditions and com- mercial policies upon any reparation settlement whatsoever.” The conclu- sion reached is that at the present time Germany can pay nothing. The authors state the following as their judgment: “If Germany is to pay in the largest measure, her screditors must squarely face the facts and give her time in which to recover, {f pos- sible, international economic posi- tion. * * ¢ If one belfeves that the dis- integration of the German industrial =ystem and the starvation of some millions of German people will pro- mote the genoral welfare of the world, then he should welcome the continued curtailment of both German import and German export trade.” * %k ok ¥ Among the forthcoming publica- tions of the Institute of Economics, tn the serles of investigations of inter- national economic reconstruction, the following are promised: “Russia’s Abllity to Meet Her Foreign Debts,” ‘The French International Debt Sit- uation” and “Italy’s International Economic Position.” These ought to ;""é'f' rurzthe)r‘ light on the vexed roblems of the world eco financial situation. SRS icienT * ¥ ok William McFee, novelist and essay- Ist, has had as many jobs as he has written books, and his jobs furnish inspiration and subjects for his books. Some of his expeditions into the business of life include an apprenticeship to an engineering firm in Aldersgate, seven years in a Brit- ish merchantman’s engine room crufs- ing in the Mediterranean, many years on United Fruit Company liners in the tropics, four years in the near east as a Royal Naval Reserve en- gineer officer, .and, more recently, farming at Westport, Conn. His latest adventure is running a sea- going book shop on board the Cun- ard-Anchor liner Tuscania, of which his friend Capt. Bone, also an author, is in command. The book shop was Capt. Bone's idea and he summoned McFee from his Westport farm to take charge of it. The "High Seas Book- Shop” is located in a made-over cabin on the promenade deck. It contains many books about sea iife, including a generous number by Conrad, McFeo d Capt. Bone. Scotch writers are favored, especially Stevenson, Barrie ind lan Hay. Modern literature pre- dominates in the shop, and a wide selection of novels, essays and plays is to be found by Shaw, Christopher Morley, _ Hergesheimer, ~ Mencken, Dreiser, Sinclair Lewis and Masefield. missiles, yet, if we may believe that profound philosopher William Jen- nings Bryan, a monkey will never de- Yelop into & man though he were to keep on hurling nuts and stones for a million vears. A companion fallacy to that of the Army officer quoted is the theory of the chef who says that man's triumph over the brute creation and his prog- ress in civilization are due mainly to the fact he was the only animal that learned how to cook his food. There are other animals or insects that prepare their food, using the sun as a cooker, but that is a detail; the point is that the chef Is no farther from bmteh truth than the Army officer and both are victims of the sa; type of fallacy. S ecause man always has fought is no reason for belleving that he al- ways must fight. War is not a law of human life. It is merely an efect and is by no means necessary effect of a law of all life, the law of con- flict, but there can be conflict with- out warfare, Conflict has its place in human re- lations. ~'A well ordered government is a balance of conflicting individual and sectional interests. In earlier times the struggle for supremacy among competing races necessitated warfare, but civilization progresses to the extent that it changes the cruder conflict of warfare for the more Intensive but less brutal con- flict of commerclal and industrial competition. The nations may relapse into the barbarism of warfare or the individ- uals may relapse into the savagery of murder, but war is no more nec- cessary than private murder. We "have progressed as we have substituted courts to adjust individ- ual conflicts, and we shall make even greater progress when a world court shall have taken the place of the armed -conflicts of the natl Francisco Bulletin, T { * K ok Kk Some early letters of Ernst Haeckel, recently translated and pub- lished under the title “The Story of the Development of a Youth,” reveal the interesting fact that the great materialist and exponent of Monism, for so many years professor of zo- ology at Jena, was in his youth an dent bellever in and defender of Srthodox Christlanity. At one time he even arraigned his great teacher Virchow in defense of the Apostles’ Creed. The letters in this volume show a veneration for nature which fs almost panthelsm, an ardent be- lef in the ideal, and a sincere faith in the doctrines of Christianity. Later in life his early bellefs gave way before a growing speculative attitude, due partly, perhaps, to the materialis- tic environment of the German uni- versity and partly to the teachings of w. Vircho PP The present Pope as a mountain climber is shown in a new book with the modest title “Climbs on Alpine Peaks.” When he was only Father chile Ratti he was a member of the AohiAn Alpine Club and an enthusius tic mountaineer, with a long record of sdventures among the peaks and ers of the Alps. wiact * K k¥ A symbol is the nucleus of each of the ‘tnres novelettes recently pub- lished by D. H. Lawrence in this country under the_title “The Cap- tain’s Doll” and in England under the title “The Ladybird.” Each title is that of one of the novelettes. The third story In the volume ls called “The Fox.” 1t will be recalled that Joseph Hergeshelmer has also made use of oll as symbol in his novel “Cytherea, The older of these | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. How many terms did Coolldge serve as Governor of Massachusectts? —L. R. A. He served two terms of one year each—1919 and 1920—being re-elected by a slightly larger plurality than the one which landed himt in the guber- natorial chair. President Coolidge became a councilman of the city of Northampton in 1899, and has held various positions of public trust al- most continuously since that time. He was a member of the state senate from 1912 to 1915, and lleutenant gov- ernor in 1916, '17 and '18. Q. What was Mrs Harding reading to the President when he died?—K. D. A She was reading an article, “A Calm Review of a Calm Man” by | Samuel G. Blythe, in the Saturday Evening Post of July 28. Q. Did the United States Marine $and play in the Shrine night parade? A. It did not. The band to which You refer was the combined Marine bands from Quantico. The United States Marine Band did not march in any of the Shrine parades. Q. T have a sister in Russia who would write to me if it did not cost #o mueh. If I send money the is not allowed to buy stamps with it. Can I prepay postage?’—H. G. A. The Post Office Department says that you can buy at the post office an international reply postal card for 4 cents on one half of which may be writtenn a message to the addressee in Russia and on the other half after belng detached a message can be written by the addressee in Russia, and such half mailed to the United States without prepayment of addi- tional postage. You can also buy an international reply coupon for 12| cents, which can be exchanged in Russia for a stamp to prepay a onc rate letter (20 grams, or about three quarters of an ounce), addressed for delivery in the United ‘States. Q. When is the cotton plcking sea- son?—J. Y. R. A. Cotton picking begins, in Texas, the latter part of July. The season i8 soon in full swing throughout the south. Q. In what county in Tennessee {5 the buried Indian village of Cisco?— P.W. A. Remains of an Indian city called “Cisco” havegbeen found in Madison county, Ten#, about two miles from the village of Pinson. Q. How much does the average American spend on books?—H. J. A. It i3 estimated that each person in the United States spends an aver- age of 40 cents a year for books. Q. What does the term “Mother of Parliaments” refer to?>—D. M. S. A. The rliament of Great Britain has been called “The Mother of Par- liaments” frequently. The term par- lament was first applied to the I lative body of Great Britain by Mat- | thew Paris, 1246. The parliamen was the outcome of the Witanage- mot (an Anglo-Saxon word. meaning ‘“meeting_of wise men to advise the ng”). The British parliament was formed after the signing of the Magna Charta by King John on the demand | of the barons and commoners of Eng- | land, June 13, 1215. Q. What does Mah Jong mean?—D. MeD. A. In the dialect of the provence of Ning Po, it means “hemp bird.” Q. How much did it cost to run the | government last year’—R. T. G. A. The total ordinary expenditures of the‘government for the fiscal year 1822 was $3,360,196,364.64. Q Who was America..—R. 8. A. The first professional artist In America of whom there is any record was Deacon Shem Drowne of Boston. He is described as an artificer in metals and in wood carving. He made the hammered copper grasshop- rer which still surmounts the weath- ervane of Faneuil Hall. the first artist in Q. What s the foremost shipbutld- ing city in the world?—J. K A. Glasgow-on-the-Clyde, land, is probably the most shipbullding citie in Scot- mous of Q. Where does the American flag fly day and night?—D. R. McG. A. So far as we know, the only place where the American flag flies all night as well as all day is at the grave of Francis Scott Key, who is buried in Frederick, Md. There is a portrait statue of Key in the ceme- tery. He stands with his hand up- pointing to the Stars and Q. How long was Washington's farewell address?—J. H. K. A. It occupied in manuscript thir- ty-two pages of quarto letter paper sewed ‘together in a book. The ad- dress wan first published in the Phil- adelphia Advertiser September, 1795 The address is dated September 19 of that year. Q. Does ‘the dealer at bridge have a right to shuffle the cards after they have been shuffled for him?—J. H. H A. The laws of auction state that the dealer has the right to shuffl last, but must not shuffle after cut, save in the contingencies wk call for a new shuffle and a new cut Q. How long can peaches be kept in cold storage?—T. H. T. A. Peaches of good color, yet still hard, if fresh from trees, have been kept in weeks and fou that period in ditlon. Q. What do. concrete road?—D. McD. A. Engineers estimate general way for a sixteen to twenty foot well built concrete road it will cost about $50 per mile annually for filling cracks and joints, with a tota} annual slab maintenance of from $10¢ to $400 per mile, depending upon the amount of traffic. (We have numerous inquiries which we cannot answer, due to lack of proper address. In writing this bureaw please make certain that your full name and address are included, together with a two-cent stamp for return postage. Address The Evenming Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Hask Director, 1220 North Capi- tol Street, Washin cost to maintain a that in a APITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS The “news” not ‘new: is ‘news.’ . Many a prominent statesman had gone to “pay hhis respects” to President Coolidge and, incidentally, drop him a bit of advice as to the world court, the rellef of agriculture, the pardon of| “political prisoners” and the threatened coal strike. These ‘have returned, one after another, and related how they had done all the talking and the speechless President all the listening. Senator Medill McCormick has regis tered a newspaper “scoop” which must be the ripened fruit of his journalistic training. He emerged from a long in- terview with the President and told the startling “news’—that President Cool idge had done all the talking. This is a case where the man bit the dog— “news.’ most famous definition * of f a dog bite a man, that is but if a man bite a dog, that * ¥ k% Just what the President said to Sena- tor MecCormick is immaterial detail, “not to be mentioned in the opening paragraph,” as most readers do not get beyond the “lead” in the first sentence. But if some interviewer will induce the trained journalist to ‘‘give away something he has pledged to keep con- fidential, that, again, wou usual that it would be the interviewer try it on Senator Me- Cormick—ex-editor of the self-confessed “greatest newspaper on earth.” * % ok K The act of President Coolidge in hon- oring Sergt. Michael A. Donaldson, the bearer of a congressional medal for extraordinary valor in battle, by making him his guest on the funeral trip to Marion, is appreciated by every veteran of the A. E. F. Sergt. Mike risked his life six times in the rescue of that many wounded comprades, under fire of maching guns, and not only wears the congressional medal, but many others. He was the only medal-of-honor man marching in the procession from the White House to the Capitol and the only one taken to the interment at Marion. The honor which President Coolidge rendered to the brave sergeant was honor to every man who had not flinched in the face of danger and is a token of the President’s appreciation of valor. Ao ol It is an impossibility to define the dividing line between “investment” and “speculation,” when both transactions are intended to lead to a profit through a future rise in price. A man makes an “investment” in real cstate, which he belieyes will gradually increase in valué. That is legitimate foresight and a token of wisdom. Another, with $1,000, buys margins on 10,000 or 100,000 bushels of wheat. He is a ‘“‘gambler” in wheat—a “speculator on risky mar- gins.” * ¥ % X A farmer who has 1,000 bushels of wheat fn his bins could sell that wheat today, say, for $800. Somebody comes to him with advice that if he will hold his wheat, and a million other farmers will hold theirs, the market price will rise, 8o that he can sell his grain three months hence for $1,000 and six months in the future for $1,500. Is there any difference between the farmer's “specti- lation” and that of the “margin gam- bler”? Each one counts on conditions which convince him that wheat is go- fesny: G Now comes the leader of the farm bloc, Senator Capper, denouncing the Farm Loan Board because It has advised the farmers not to hold their wheat. The board is accused by the semator of going outside of its legltimate func- | th |of the financial end of the government thus play into the hands of professional grain gamblers, asks Senator Capper. The farmers, scared by the advice, dump their grain, which is exactly what gamblers foresee. The grain passes out of the hands of grain producers and then, when no more is coming to mar- ket, the bulls squeeze the “'shorts” and up go the prices—when they will do the farmer no good, because he has been advised to dump his holdings ana hé has umed that the government was not cnly wise, but honest and dis- interested. a * ok ok * “Cost of production,” says Senator Capper, “is not vet known for this vear, but it is probable that it will be little, If any, lower than for the crop 1922, which was $1.36 a bushel. From this it is easy to see that wheat at 80 cents results in a net loss of 56 cents a bushel. Unless the market ad- vances we have lost $50,000,000 on this year's crop in Kansas alc ‘armers thought that the interme- diate credit banks would aid in build- ing safeguards around the marketing of agricultural products, which would help tide us through discouraging times. But there is nothing helpful that I can see in publicity which aids in pound- ing down prices to a level far below cost of production,” declares the sena- tor. * ¥ X X If the coal strike looms m there appears a probability that call for a.special session of Congress for the purpose of meeting the crisi giving adequate power to the Pre to act in commanding the situation. There i¢ aiready a law which enables the Secretary of Labor to take drastic steps to stop a strike in any of the major. industries, but those who are on the inside in the coal controversy feel that the present law might be made more efficient In the protection of the public. ok K x Will Semator Borah win the Bok prize of $§100,000 for the best solution of the problem of how to stop ware throughout the world? If so, his idea is such a sim- ple one that any of the rest of us might have thought of it first. The means he will use are identical with the secret of Sir Joshua Reynolds in painting his pictures. A noble fop asked him what he mixed with his paints to make the pictures so beauti- ful and the curt answer was, “Brains.” That is what the senator from Ildaho now recommends to Mr. Bok for cannon fodder to use in firing & world salute to peace. Load the cannon and fire & broadside of “brains.” ki “The ingenuity of the human brain has been taxed for 3,000 years,” says Senator Borah, “to find the best means and methods for carrying on war. Now let us arouse the conscience and har- ness the genius of the human family in an effort to find a plan for permanent peace.” of * ¥ ¥ *x What sort of loose thinking is the senator guilty of in starting to make world peace with just “brains’—as if he were painting a picture to hang in a salon? He ends by confessing that the vehicle for carrying the rainbow to can« vas is insufficient to stop the storm of “man’s inhumanity to man,” which makes countless thousands mourn. “Not brains,” but consclence—con- science of would-be world pirates, con- science of war-lord plotters, consclence of a William II, of a Napoleon I, of a conquering Caesar and_ Alexander, and Darius and Xerxes. All these had a modicum of brains, but how much cons science did they manifest? Look to the world plotters of today. Are they not shrewd? Have they not keen brains? They will organize with tions in giving any speculative advice to the farmers. It is charged by the senator that the board’s advice has resulted in_ scaring the farmers into ‘‘dumping” _ their wheat upon ‘the market immediately from the thrashers at a time when farmers are too much inclined, or*too much forced by their own necessities, to dump their grain and so depress priosk: * ok ok ¥ . Does not all so;ren;me;t:l exprel.!lon of opinion or gdvice tend to a manipu- e ha¥arketsr ‘Why shoud { brains a world tragedy. If they had half the conscience that they have of “brains” there would be no more war in this generation. How sententious it is to say: “‘Brains will end war. It would be worth, not $100,000, but billions upon billiong, if any one would rise up and tell how to put the love of “thy neighbor as thyself” into the hearts of plotters and counters plotters, in Europe, Asia, Africa and all America. (Copyright, 1825, by’ Faul . Colliged