Evening Star Newspaper, August 6, 1923, Page 6

6 THE EVENING ST% WASHINGTON,; D. C., MONDAY, AUGUST 6, 192 m AR bile distributing firms has been se- | estgblishing barriers and maintaining l —— SEXIE}SHI’}}I& ‘El}‘m 5 ety g 3 .n‘:rdm The only real progress is in Come Home. ul 5 | the matter of warning signs which WASHINGTON, D. C. EAST IS EAST By Frank H. Hedges The glare of automobile headiights constjtutes one of the dangers of the streets at night. On District and Maryland roads the evil of the head: light glare is admitted. The consid- erate driver edges over to the side of the road and dims his lights, but there are many drivers who do not practice this amenity, but drive ahead full tiit with lights throwing out a glare that is against the law and making the road seem black to drivers and pedestrians coming in the oppo- site direction. The headlight law snould be enforced. ————— The Presidential Term. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin O drowsy warder of the state, Tired sleeper by the Golden Gate, roads in the neighborhood of cross- Come back; for thee thy people wait. ings. In many places bells and flash- lights have been provided, sometimes by the railroad companies, in other cases by.automobile organizations and in a few Instances by the munici- palities. The American people are supposed to be news readers. It seems incredi- ble, however, that so many people fall to read the news of these fre- quent fatalities at the crossings. Cer. tainly if the people read they do not heed. Many drivers seem to forget evervthing but the power of their machines when In action. They ac- are liberally distributed along the MONDAY........August 6, 1923 Come back again from sunset-strand; Q'er gaunt sierras, wastes of sand; Come back through thy forsaken land. THEODORE W. NOYES, ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company Buainess Office. 11th 8t. and Pennx Neg York offce: 110 Fast _ Chicago Ofice: Tower Rullding. “ Buropess Offico: 10 Hegent 8t.. London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning editlon, In delivered by carriers within the clty 2t 80 cents per month month: Sunday only. ders may be sent by ma 5000, " Collection s mude , end of exch month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. WAt China has never been governed. Perhaps the fundamental fault of the present republic is in its attempt to govern. From the dawn of history in the celestial empire down to the day Iwhen that empire ceased to exist and became a republic the rilers of China had not interfered with the life of the people. The emperor, the Son of Heaven, sat on the dragon throne, and to him all China did obelsance. His authority was not Q. How many countries belong to the Pan-American Unfon?—J. R. M. A. It is composed of twenty-one American republics: Argentina, Bo-| livia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Eeuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Para. guay, Peru, Salyador, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela. Q. Are ships built at the navy yard?—A. J. W. A. It is an ordnance factory, not a Q. What is platinum?— 1.6 A. Platinum sponge it a metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spong: form obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and_ammonium It occludes oxygen, hydrogen. and certain other gases to a high degree, nd is emploved as an agent in ox idizing. Q. What is the process called whe a chameleon changes the color of i1 skin?—A. J. R. A. This is known as metachrosi and is due to changes in the size of the pigment cells of the inner laye: spongy Through gulfs of grass and seas of corn, From coasts of eve to coasts of morn, Come back to where the light is born. Beneath her gray, unguarded dome The mother of a milder Rome Waits for a son, to take him home iy only, 43 cent nts per mouth. Or- or telophone Maly by carriers at the Come past the many-millioncd feet. Past halting trade and silent street: Come home, for coming home is sweet. Maryland and Virginia. All Other States. Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo.. 3¢ Dadly only. Sunday only......1 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled fo the ‘uxe for republication of all mews dis- patches credited 10 it or nt ofherwise credited this paper und also the locs hed he ights of eclal di al *‘Until Death Do Us Part.” Almost immediately after President | Harding's death Mrs. Harding reas- her friends who were seeking to comfort her, saying: *l1 am not going to break down.” Though | sured stricken as by a lightning flash with | the greatest brief that could befall | her, the more shocking and severe because of the apparent escape just achieved, she realized her duty and faced her responsibilities with cour- age and fortitude, and ever since that awful hour of a was more than her own alone she has steadfastly maintained herself, attending to the manifold matters that must inevitably be considered her in the arrangements for the fu- neral. All this might have been taken upon other shoulders.®, She preferred to bear the burden. Her wishes are | being carried out. Her plans It is most fitting that this should be, for Mrs. Harding was Ih\‘oughuul‘ ' their joint lives her husband's great- st help and inspiration. She joined with him in his work as publisher. | She became his partner. She learned the newspaper business and carried on with him as & coadjutor and asso- riate. She joined in all his aspira- tions and shared with him riumph of their attainment. Their lives were as truly one as it is pos sible for two persons to unite. When about @ year ago Mrs. ing was taken ill and for a time in grave danger the people of this country mourned and sympathized deeply with her husband, thus racked by domestic as well as state cares. As she slowly progressed to conva- lesgence there was rejoicing. When last spring, as soon as possible after the adjournment of Congress, Mr. and Mrs. Harding went south for a rest it was hoped that both would be greatly benefited, especially as he had shortly before suffered from indispo- sition. Undoubtedly they profited by this outing, brief as it was and free from official cares and restrictions. When the presidential party started | west in June the chief anxiety felt was for Mrs. Harding, lest she might not have the strength to stand the strain social duties that attend a progress of this cheracter. There was some doubt as to the wisdom of her going. It proves now to have been best that she accompanied the President, for it he had to pass out of life at this time it was most fitting that she should be at his side at the time.! Indeed, nothing could have been more suitable than that he should &0 am she was reading to him and, what is best of all, reading an appreciation of him written by a| friendly pen. Her voice, conveying | words that must have been a comfort to his soul, was the last to reach his ears. ——— When Calvin Coolidge was elected for the second time to the governor- ship of Massachusetts his inaugural speech contained less than fifty words. The melancholy event which makes him President of the United States calls attention to him as an example, and perhaps an influence, for oratory in the United States Capitol. —————— * Occasionally Col. Bryan has to face an element of civilization convinced that at present the theory of evolu- tion, right or wrong, is one of the least of our troubles. —_————— Headlights. The automobile headlight question is being taken up again and it seems that an increased effort will be made | by authorities to enforce the law. It is apparent that there is a considera- ble degree of non.compliance with the regulatiohs. Perhaps there is little | deflance of the law in this matter, but many motorists carry lights which create a glare that is contrary to rules prescribed by the authorities of the District, Maryland and Vir- ginia. Many accidents are attributed to lights which blind pedestrians and drivers of approaching cars. As a preliminary to the strict en- forcement of the law the Washington Safety Council has begun a campaign calling ‘attention of Washington mo- | i bereavement that | are | being respected and executed. i Hard- | try. cas | | resolution will of travel and the inescapable | No clearer demonstration of the need to relieve, in some measure, the President of the United States of the heavy burden he must bear as Chief Executive could be given than the death of the late President Harding and illness of former President Wil- son. Both were stricken in the line of duty. From Senator Cummins of lowa, President pro Tempore of the Senate, comes @ suggestion that an elected ! President of the United States should be limited to a single term. of either six or four rs. “The great re- #ponsibilities and the tremendous strain of the office are more than any man can stand for eight years.” Sena- tor Cumming is quoted as having said in an interview advocating a single. term constitutional amendment. The single term for President is not a new suggestion, but it might well have the effect of lightening the bur- dens upon a President, even in his first term. It would be a superman who resisted the desire to succeed himself in the White House if he had the opportunity, if only to have his first administration vindicated by the people. The presidential office is concerned particularly with the ad- ministration of the government, with the development of policies, with “patronage”—the appointing to office of thousands of officials, high and low—and with politics. By the adop- tion of a single-term plan politics might in a large measure be elim- inated from this list, and some of the problems of patronage also. Hitherto the arguments advanced for a single term have dealt particu- larly with the advisability of having a Chief Executive give his whole time and attention to the administration of government, without complicating matters by a more or less constant campaign to be returned to office. Custom alone has limited the Chief Executive to two terms in this coun- There is no law to prevent a President serving three or four terms in sequence. In 1912, when there was discussion of the propriety of | Theodore Roosevelt's seeking again election to the presidency after he had served practically two full terms, the democrats placed in their party platform a single-term plank. But following the election of Woodrow Wilson in that year little more was heard of the matter, except the chid- ing of republican senators who want. ed to know when the proposed con- stitutional amendment was to be pressed. In view of the statement of Senator Cummins it may be expected that a be introduced in the next Congress providing for a con- stitutional amendment for a single term for President. Of course, such an amendment would not and should not apply in case of a man who has sugceeded to the presidency from the vice presidency because of the death or disability of a President. In such a case the Vice President mught have occupied the White House for only a few months or a week, in fact, be- fore the nominating conventions, It would not be fair to bar him, per- haps the people's choice, from an elective term. if a single-term amendment were adopted. should be for four years or | for six is a question that merits con. | | sideration. Four years, it has been urged, might be too short a time for a good President to carry out his policies. On the other hand, it might well be too long for the country to stand a weak or inefficlent Chief Ex- ecutiv —_—— Should Mr. McAdoo become a pres- idential candidate and Mr. Hays a campaign manager the motion picture industry would attain historic promi. nence in connection with our national statesmanship, Fears of assassination expressed by Mussolini are disappointing in view of the impression that he had all the obstreperous elements of Italian so- ciety effectually cowed. Diplomatic discussions of the twelve. mile limit are not conducted on lines which can lead to their being re. proved as loud and boisterous. Armenians do not feel that the mas. sacre question has had enough atten- tion in negotiations involving Turkish policy. Making Sunday Records. Yesterday's fatalities at grade cross- ings in this country were not as nu- merous as the Sunday preceding, when thirty-five persons were slain by steam trains. Yesterday's score at latest accounts is eleven deaths. torists to the danger of glaring head- lights and the_ first step of this cam- paign is the setting up of posters on which appear this legend: *Blinding headlights are dangerous and unlaw- ful. How about yours?" The council urges automobile owners to special effort this month to bring their head- lights in line with the regulations “that the streets of Washington may be safer for automobilist and pedes- trian and that the driver may thus exempt himself from arrest.” Several months ago the bureau of standards offered to make a free test of auto headlights. Four hundred machine owners accepted the offer and of the number of cars examined 73 per cent were found to have lights that were defective in adjustment and a large percentage of the lights were not in conformity with the law. The 4 Safety Council will aid an automobile ~ “owner to give his headlights the legal adjustment and co-operation of many servife stations, garages and automo- Eight were killed and two fatally hurt in @ motor truck at Niagara Falls on the way to a picnic. Three were killed when a motor was hit at a notoriously dangerous crossing which has been the scene of numerous ac- cidents at New Carlisle, Ind. In both of these places the grade crossings were well identified. They were not out in the country, masked by trees or buildings. They were on the main routes of travel. Yet the drivers went upon the tracks without observing the precaution of stopping and looking and listening, which should be the first rule of the road for all motorists. So heavy has been the mortality at the grade crossings this scason already that it seems assured that 1923 will tom all records in respect to the sacrifices of life. Yet appar- ently little progress is being made toward the elimination of these cros: ings by sinking tracks or roads at points of frequent travel. Nor |Is there mueh advance in the matter of Whether the term of the President, : starting a letter. quire @ dangerous confidence in them. selves and their motors, There is a sort of autointoxication from gasoline that deprives a certain type of driver of all sense of risk and responsibility. These are doubtless the ones who chiefly contribute to the Monday rec- ords of Sunday grade.crossing trag- edles. The moral is, pick your driver with care lest he be one of the cross ing crowders who court peril and make news. Taking Over Private Property. Tt 18 sald that the assistant engineer commissioner, charged with making u survey of the city for sites for pub- lic school additions and playgrounds, is meeting with some diffculty and “has found some property owners un- willing to sell at the price offered.” It is also reported that “condemna- tion proceedings may be resorted to by the District government if the owners flatly refuse to sell.” In tak- ing over a number of parcels of pri- vate property for public uses difficulty is usually met and condemnation is frequently necessary. The money available for the purchase is often less than the properties would bring at private sale. The occupants do not want to break up their homes. A family may have established a home by vears of exertion and economy und the older members dread the con- fusion and excitement of establishing another. The old home ma be known to be sound and sturdily built, and, although its market price is con- siderably higher than it was five or seven years ago, the price of new houses is higher than ever before, and the price of an old house will not buy a new one that is as large and as ‘well built, ground values being equal In connection with the search for sites it is gald that a few owmers lave attempted to hold up the Dis- trict government by placing exces sive valuations on their property. This is usual. Persons are alwa: to be found who place an extravagant value on their holdings when a pro spective purchaser appears. There are difficulties to be encountered, but the work of procuring sites for schools and playgrounds will go forward, though condemnation should only be resorted to where the authorities can find no other way out. —_——— Thomas A. Edison has been sug- gested as a political leader. A phono- graph might be regarded as no less important in band wagon equipment than a flivver. —_———— Now and then the boll weevil as. serts itself sufficiently to show that the middleman is not the only foe to the interests of those who cultivate the soil. ———————ee The printers of European paper currency have gone to a great deal of trouble to demonstrate the fallacy of that old flat money idea. Turkish diplomacy believes in “give and take,” with arbitrary require. ments as to who is to do the taking. ————————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Great Man. The men who ruled by martial stress And by strategic art Were great in life; their littieness We learn when they depart. ‘The man who, in devotion true, Bids Conscience hold full sway In life too carelessly we view, Yet mourn his loss for aye. Not Retiring. “What do you intend to do if you are compelled to retire to private life?" T don't look for any such calam- | ity,” replied Senator Sorghum. “In these days it's when a man gets out of office that opportunities arise for him to take the most publicity.” Jud Tunkins says it's impossible to be absolutely sineere all the time, otherwise you'd often have to think up something besides “Dear Sir” in Pitiless. “Why do you refer to the notices of my divorce as pitiless publicity?” asked the eminent artiste. “Because,” replied the press agent, ‘“we don’'t care how much they offend the sensibilities of the readers.” Descent of Man. The evolutionist T chide. For in his demonstrations I tear he's trying to deride Some of my near relations. Otherwise Engaged. “You seem to know exactly how the railroads should be conducted.” “T do,” answered the economic ex- pert, “Why aren’t you in the railroad business?" “I've been entirely too busy learn- ing how they ought to be run to find time to turn in and help run ‘em. Deflant Insinuation. “What brings so many mosquitoes? inquired the week end guest. : “I dunno,” replied Farmer Corn- tossel. “But I have my suspicions. ‘We don’t never have 'em near so bad, ‘cept when the city people come flockin’ into our once peaceful neigh- borhood.” “Money talks,” said Uncle Eben, ‘‘even dn church. Two bits in de con- tribution plate kin speak f'um de heart, same &5 a prayer.” For sons like thee For never into ashes turn she molds no urn; The hearts that for their fellows burn. ‘WENDELL PHILLIPS STAFFORD. CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS Could anything have been simpler, lees ostentatious, than the coming of the country boy from Massachusetts into the chief magistracy of the greatest nation of the -world? Mr. Calvin Coolidge was aroused from sleep by his aged Yather, in the country home, and informed that Providence had suddenly called him to take up the responsibilities of supreme government of the United States. It was a more sudden call than when David was called from the sheep of his father's flock and anoint- ed to reign over Israel. David had long to wait, after the anointing. Mr. Coolidge took the oath of office, and & few hours later entered W -<hington as President of the Unite tates. There was no more pomp than if he had become head of a business cor- poration. 2 Wk n When the founders of the republic were considering the nature and func- tions of the Chief Executive. to be defined by the Constitution, there was considerable debate whether the ex- ecutive should consist of one person or three; yet, at that time, the total population of the country was less than 4,000,000, Today, the nation has grown to twenty-seven times as great 4 population, and the presidency is one man—not three. But the bur- den of the presidency—the load which hus grown so overwhelminzly of late years, has grown far more than twenty-seven times what it was when President Washington took it up. ¥ In Elliot's “Debates on the Federal Constitution™” 18 the official report of the discussion concerning the Chief ecutive: The committee of the whole pro- ceeded to the seventh resolution That a national executive be in- stituted, to be chosen by the national logislature for the term of —— years, ete., to bhe Ineligible thereafter.” “Mr. Pinckney was for w vigorous executive, but was afraid that the executive powers of the existin Congress might extend to peace an war, etc. which would render the executive & monarchy of the worst kind: to wit, an elective one. . Wilson moved that the execu- tive consist of a single person. Mr. C. Pinckney seconded the motion, so tive, to consist of a single person, be instituted.’ “A considerable pause ensuing, the chairman asking If he should put the question, Dr. Franklin ebserved that it was @ question of great im- men would deliver their sentiments it before it was put. r. Rutledge animadverted on the shyness of the gentlemen on this and other subjects. He sald it looked as if they supposed themselves pre- cluded, by having frankly disclosed their opinions from _ afterward changing them, which he did not take to be at all the case. He said he was for vesting the executive power in a single person, though he was not for giving him the power of war and peace. A single man would feel the greatest responsibility, and would administer the public affairs best. “Mr. Sherman said he considered the executive magistracy as nothing more than an Institution for carrying the will of the legislature into effect; that the person or persons ought to he appointed by, and accountable to, the legislature only, which was the repository of the supreme will of the society. As they were the best judges of the business which ought 110 be done by the executive depart- {ment. and consequently, of the num- her necessary from time to time for doing it, he wished the number might not be fixed, but that the legislature should be at liberty to appoint one or more, as experience might dictate, After’ further debate Mr. Wilsop's motion for a single magistrate was postponed by common consent. Dr. Benjamin Franklin vigorously opposed paying any salary to the Chief Executive, but was willing that his expenses should be defrayed. He likened the honor of the presidency to that of sitting on a Quaker jury ito hear differences between brothren. upon { i Prosperity Which Does Not Include the Farmer Cannot Continue. Regardless of political afMliations. the majority of the newspaper editors of the United States recognize “dollar wheat” as a national calamity. They agree that at that figure bankruptey is spelled for the farmers. And they make it distinctly plain that there is, in their opinion, no greater problem facing America than the task of sav- ing the agricultural interests so that the tiller of the soil will have a chance to live and get a falr profit from his labors. Naturally, offered remedies differ. Congress can act—but how? is the general suggestion. The farmer, as the Omaha World-Herald sees it, “has worked and waited. Now, with the harvest upon him; he sees nothing in {return for his labor.” It is the farm- er's financlal failure: but it is the gov- ! ernment’s moral failure in refusing to | take part in adjusting European con- { ditions that brings the farmer to the verge of ruin.” This is also very much the position of the Lincoln {State Journal, which feels that European markets must be created, declaring that if the people “under- stood, some practicable and ener- getic means would be devised where- by America would throw its over- whelming economic and moral influ- once on the side of sanity in Europe.” Concurrence in such a belief comes from the Columbus State Journal, which says “what the farmer needs is a market for his wares at a price that makes production profitable, and po- litical nostrums will not bring that market. It is an unfortunate situation and one that cannot be continued in- defigitely without forcing readjust- ment on the public.” “Overproduction is hardly a falr characterization of this situation,” in- sists the Baltimore Sun, recalling that European wheat duction has in- creased: that Russia again is a factor in the export market and that Canada and the Argentine, with American markets denied, are “making much more intensive efforts to market their wheat in Europe, thus diminishing American exports.” Whatever the remedy existing conditions “must be changed,” the Cincinnati Times-Star insists, because “agriculture is, and always has beeg, our greatsst in- dustry. Brains and energy and capi- tal on the farm in the long run will as to read: ‘That the national execu- | portance, and he wished the mentle-| and that honor was enough compen- sation. His proposition was second- ed by Col. Hamilton. 0 debate ensued, and the proposition was postponed for the consideration of members. It was treated with great respect, but rather for the author of it than for any apparent conv | tion of its expediency or practica- bility.” * % % % the committee of the whole returned to the consideration #s 1o how many persons should constitute the executive department. “Mr. Rutledge and Mr. C. Pinckney moved that the blank for the number of persons in the executive be filled in with the words ‘one person.’ They supposed the reasons to be so ob- vious and conclusive in favor of one that no member would oppose the motion. “Mr. Randolph (of Virginia) posed it with great earnestn claring that he should not do j to the country which sent him if were silently to suffer the esta lishment of a unity in the executive department. © He felt an opposition to it which he belleved he should continue to feel ax long as 4 lived. |He urged first. that the permanent I temper of the people was adverse to the very semblance of monarchy: secondly, that a unit was unneces- sary. a plurality being equally com- petent to all the objects of the de- rtment: thirdly, that the n SSAry nfidence would never be reposed in single magistrate; fourthly, that the appointments would generally be in favor of some inhabitant near the center of the communit and con- sequently the remote parts would not be on an equal footing. He was in { favor of three members of the ex ‘n\l‘. to be drawn from different por lnn!w of the country The debate proceeded for days. Mr. Wilson answered the ar- gument of Mr. Randolph by saying that all the thirteen colonies seemed to favor a single executive, for not one of them had triun ate; all had single b ds. Mr. Sherma: [fact that in all the states ther. @ 'council to advire the executive, but Mr. Wilson objected to a council on |the ground that “it oftener gerves t over than to prevent malpractice: i, Mr. Gerry objected to the polie; |three members in the executive, |ing. “It would be extremely venient in many instances. particu- larly in military matters, whether re- {lating to the militia, an army or na 1}t xould be & general ad Later, op- de- stice many was it was agreed to,”” as recorded Elliot's debfu({ el o * % % o Two things will be observed in the bove quotations from the | creating the Constitution: First, that ja single person as chief magistrate jwas not in accord with the judgment {of all members of the convention: {second. that none of the arguments iadvanced for a triumvirate was of- la fered on the ground of lessening the | work of the chief magistrate, but all were founded on a fear that a fingle | executive would be too much like a | king, with too much personal power. {A century and a quarter of experfence #hows that the checks on a presiden. { tial usurpation of power have been lnmvle. but in recent years the bur- den of work and responsibilty has been crushng. ¥ ok ok % There is considerable agitation, since the death of President Harding, toward relieving the strain on the presidepcy. but no suggestion has come from any source, in line with the plans advocated in' the constitu- tional convention, looking to institut- ing an executive department of three persons, of equal power and divided responsibility. The proposals have been simply to give the President one’s or more “assistants to the President.” Some are advocating plans to put more of the President's responsiniity on the heads of the departments, who constitute his advisers, rather than seek a constitutional _ amendment creating new offices. Possibly th can be accomplished merely by ex ecutive order. without seeking any legislation. Business executives are sometimes rated by their ability to shift _work onto others, retaining only mafor policies for their own at: tention, (Copyrigh P. V. Collins.) @ EDITORIAL DIGEST have to be paid as well as brains and energy and capital in the citles. The present swing of the scales against the farmer is one of the things that are wrong with the United Sta the present moment. There stability, political or otherw: such a condition exists.” The Syracuse Herald feels that the low-price level is directly chargeable to falling off in export demand, which it believes is “fairly attributable, in a substantial degree, to an interna- tional and economic policy at Wash- ington of which the kevnote is in: difterence to European interests and domestic self-sufficlency with regard to foreign trade.” Inasmuch as there is no profit in growing wheat at pres- ent prices, the Springfleld State Jour- nal suggests “perhaps, after all, the migration from the farm to the’ cit is ‘necessary to create balance be- tween the capacity of the earth to grow and the capacity of the earth to |consume.” Possibly ‘manipulation is | to blame, and the Pueblo Star-Journal says “once the crop gets out of the hands of the farmer, the wheat mar- ket undoubtedly will show consider- able firmness. The favmer is going to be the chief loser, and later on the ultimate consumer will be handed some of the same medicine in the shape of increased prices when the speculators boost the market.” The Lincoln Star holds the tariff re- sponsible and believes “when the next Congress convenes a new measure will be introduced providing for ma- terial reductions in duties, and it will be passed by an overwhelming vote, regardless of the wishes of the Presi- dent and his advisers.” The whole development Is a “tragedy that must not be ignored,” the St. Louis Globe- Democrat Insists, and when “dollar wheat is measured in dollars that will buy only about 60 cents’ worth of ne- cessities, other than those supplied by the farm, it must not be ignored. The agrarian distress of the past three seasons threatens not merely to be continued, but to be intensifled, despite all hopeful plans for relie ‘With legislation tragically helpless, except so far as it may supplement individual and associated effort, anx- ious thought must go out to the hard- working, persevering farmers of the country, on whom the prosperity of the rest of us is dependent in major degree: It also should be remem- bered, the Des Moines Register de- clares. “that it is not the operation of any natural law of supply and de- mand that is hitting the wheat grow- er today. The reason why the food producer 1s worse off than anybody is called attention to the | with three | “On the question for a single execu- | debate | only temporal but spiritual, and he alone had the right to intercede with the suprems power, or heaven. For a subject to have worshiped heaven directly would have been sacrilege. He could worship it only through the person of the emperor, of the very Son of Heaven. * ok k¥ This religious privilege of the relgning monarch constituted, in the eyes of the masses, his right to rule. When the first president of the re- public was confronted with the ques- tion of whether he or the deposed emperor wshould proceed to the won- drously beautiful Temple of Heaven in Peking and there sacrifice to the supreme deity, he decreed that this privilege belonged to the actual earthly ruler of China, and so with great ceremony went to the grounds of the temple. There, on the three- tiered marble terrace that rises to the sky. he went through the ancient rites, but the republican president was_not fruly the Son of Heaven, and what should have been a sacred and awesome ceremony became tawdry. From that day to this no man has dared worship there, and the temple buildings stand in disrepair, their beauty revealed only to the gaze of curious tourists or to those few who can appreciate and feel the part they have played in the life of a great people. The emperor worshiped at the Temple of Heaven; he appointed the grand council, the provincial vice- Toys and other of the higher officials: he received the tribute and taxes of the nation. He did little else, save lead a life of pomp and ceremony. of luxury and ease, in the many pal- Wces that made up his home. Go ernment, in the sense understood by us of the western world, did not exist in ancient China. The regula- tion of trade and commerce, of local politics and of daily habits and cus- toms was left almost entirely in the hands of the people. * % ¥ % 1 ina the family, rather than the city. the province of even the nation. has always been the unit of socfety and the state, but it has been the family as constituted in China. There even the most distant of kin men hold to the-ties of blood. and a simple family often makes up a whole village or group of villages. Tt doubtful if any family In China num- Ders less than 3.000 members. If a dispute arose among two individuals of the 3,000, it was taken to the fam- ily elders for settlement. 1If the dis- pute were between members of neigh- boring families. It was taken to a joint council of elders. Rarely in- deed was the decision of such a council contested, for then, and then only, did the two contenders go to the courts. The magistrate in one district of South China twenty years ago did not average one case at law a year. TIn the larger cities the guilds of merchants and tradesthen exercised this unofficial but never- theless effective power. China prospered. All was not well in ancient China. it is true. There was much of corruption and no little of cruelty and injustice, but the na- tion was not constantly torn by civil strife among its politicians and mill- tarists as !t is now. Politicians of that day confined their activities to palace intrigue. and there were vir- tually no ‘militarists. China, the great hulking mass of China, gov- erned itself and allowed its nominal rulers to levy tribute and to bask in glory * ok ox But China touched elbows with the west. The empire fell and with it went many institutions of the cen- turfes. The new masters of the coun- try looked across the Pacific and to Europe and attempted to ape what they found there. For the first time an effort was made to govern the nation. A parliament was created, but many of its duly elected members knew no more of the function of a parliament than their electors knew of the ballot. Laws were enacted, and a whole mushroom structure of surface democracy erected. The re- sult—look at China in 19: With almost one blow revolu- tionists of twelve vears ago wiped t the machinery of a carefully bal- anced and nicely adjusted govern- i mental system that had been built up through centuries of experimentation The monarchial-patriarchial system of control was abolished, and in its place was Injected a skeleton bor- rowed from abroad. The people were familiar with the old methods. They were accustomed to governing them- selves in all matters which vitally affected their daily lives. and were content to leave to the emperor the glory and the tribute which were almost his sole possessions. * % ok ¥ The new leaders, those who founded the republic, sought to impose what they considered self-government on the people of China. They inststed that the nation would be governing itself after the most approved fashion if the nation would only delegate large powers to Peking and then per- mit Peking in turn to impose its will on every man, woman and ghild. Self-government has, it is $rue, evolved along these lines in the west- ern world, but it has been an evolu- tion. a process as vitally necessary to governments as to individuals, and its adoption in China has not meant self but oligarchical government, re- sulting in the present pitiful failure, A return to the monarchy may not be necessary—in fact, seems impos- sible and unwise—but it is essential that China make use of her own peculiar institutions and methods if she is to erect a modern state, that she return to the basic unit that has proved its worth in that nation and cease to follow blindly models bor- rowed from other countries. In order to govern China well, Peking must cease endeavoring to govern Chi widely, must content itself with very limited powers and once more permit the masses of China to conduct their own affairs in their own way. because it is the masses who consume the food, and the masses aure the ones who, at A time of upset, least can their resources, which mainly of their ability’ to work.” will soon be ‘discovered that prosperity which does not include the farmer cannot continue,” asserts th. Chattanooga News, while the Phila. delphia Bulletin holds the situation “fllustrates the extreme difficulty of producing desirable economic results by legislative action.” And efforts “to protect the farmer by a tariff is, and lways has been,” the Indianapolis News argues, “as Mr. Ford says his- tory was, bunk. The measure that was designed to prevent an emer- gency from arising has y help- ed to create it.” As a possible remedy the Pittsburgh Gazette-Times sug- gests “diversity,” because “all the eggs In one basket may mean ruin. Less loss may be met in separat- ing them.” But this hardly will avail, as the Binghamton Press sees t outlook, and it insists “with bumper crops knocking the bottom out of wheat prices, the members of the farm bloc are 1{kely to start some- thing when the next Congr: And they are not likely to agein by a fake tarif.” shipbuilding establishment. Q. How often does the Leviathan make the transatlantic voyage’— K. L D. A. The Leviathan is scheduled to sail from New York for Southham ton and Cherbourg every three weeks. Q. 1s there such a thing as a self- starting pum; A. There fs an automatic starter for use on pumps in mines. subways, railway tunnels, etc. which starts| the pump when sing water touches a floatswitch. Q. How many airplane lines are there running in Europe?—M. H. E. A. Sixteen companies are now op- erating airplane routes connecting London with the near east, soviet Russia and France with North Africa and covering an aggregate of 8000 miles. These are in addition to mili- tary air fleets. Q. Who invented the armored tank that was used in the war?—K. H. A. The earliest patent for a cater- pillar armored tank was granted in Germany, February 28, 1812, to Gunter Burstyn of Austria. The number of this German patent is 252815 and copies of it are on file in the United States patent office. The tank illus- trated in this patent has long ad- justable arms extending from the front and from the rear to enable it to cross ditches that are wider than the length of the body of the tank. Q. What was the original name of Albany, N, Y.7—I M. C. A. The name of Albany was ae- sumed in 1664. The settiement had previously been known by the names Fuyck and Beverwyck. Q. Is Harvard a college or a uni- versity?—T. C. R. A. This {nstitution is now a uni- versity, although it retains for its legal name and academic department the title of college. The state con- stitution that refers to Harvard is older than the American Constitution and the name of its founder was familiar long before that of George Washington. Q. What record>—T. A. The one-mile record for the motor cycle was made by Otto Wal- ker at Fresno. Calif.. on February 23 1921, in 0.33 2-5 seconds. ji is the motor eycle mile Q. From what country did Frank- lin's ancestors come?—J. M. | A. Franklin came of a line of | sturdy blacksmiths who lived for 200 years in England only twelve miles from the manor house of Washing- ton’s ancestors. It is interesting to reflect, in the light history, how the pink-coated hunts- men of W ington's aristocratic family may have had their horses shod by Franklin's kinsmen. Prince of Wales Coming Inco To Visit His BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. England’s future king salls at the jend of this month, from Liverpool, on a Canadian liner bound for Quebec and on which the necessary cabins have already been retained. He travels under the incognito name of Duke of Cornwall and his visit to the Domin- fon is to be to such an extent of a private character that Lord Byng, the governor general, who had al- ready arranged to be officially touring in the far west early in September, has been requested by the prince not to interrupt his trip or to make any attempt to greet him on his arrival In_fact, they may not meet at all. The prince will only be accompanied by three members of his suite, includ- ing, of course, Vice Admiral Sir Lionel Halsey and one of his equerrles, Capt. the Hon. Piers W. Legh, whose wife is an American, daughter of Judge Bradford of Naghville, Tenn. and widow of Lord Shaughnessy’s soldier son. He will accept no official en- | gagements or courtesies while on this side of the Atlantic. pend the entire six or of his sojourn at the P. Alberta, in the foothills of the Rocky mountains, either in the largest of his log cabins or under canvas. He sails for home. from Quebec, at the end of the second week of October, having a number of official engagements at Dundee and elsewhere for the closing week of October, immediately on his return to England PR No monarchical archives were more strictly protected from prying eyes than those of the imperial house of Hapsburg until the revolution in November, 1918, and their systematic and careful examination since then is revealing many jealously guarded secrets and affecting many reputa- tions. Among them is that of the Swedish Count Axel von Fersen, whose name has, heretofore, been en- veloped with a halo of romance by reason of what was believed to be his unselfish. self sacrificing and chiv- alrous devotion to the ill-fated Queen Marie Antoinette of France. Entering the French military service, he ac- companied Gen. de Rochambeau to America_as his aide-de-camp and so distinguished himself during the American War of Independence, no- tably at the siege of Yorktown. that he was promoted to the command of one of the French regiments. On his return to Europe he became one of the notable figures at the court of Versailles, conspicuous by his mani- festation of devotion to the queen. Tt may be remembered that, convineed of the necessity of rescuing Louis XVI. Queen Marie Antoinette and their children from the quasi-captiv- ity in which they were held at the Tuilleries by the terrorists after their abduction from Versaflles. he made all the arrangements for their rescue in which he acted as driver of the large coach which he had speclally constructed for their flight. How their escape was discovered, how they were pursued and overtaken at Va- rennes, where the royal fugitives had stayed too long for the purp of sing their hunger, is a matter intending to * % X It had always been understood that Count Fersen had sacrificed the greater part of his private fortune in organizing the flight. The documents discovered among the imperial ar- chives at Vienna now show that the count had obtained, by Importunity. from the queen & sum of 1,200,000 francs, in gold, and a quantity of her diamonds, which had been transmit- ted to him through her sister, Arch- duchess Amelie, sovereign Duchess of Parma, who took his receipt for the money and jewels. Only a very small portion thereof can have been spent by.him in the organization of their unsuccessful attempt to seek refuge abroad. Yet, some years afterward, the count had the impudence to de- mand of the then Austrian emperor. Francis 1I, that is to say, of the nephew of Queen Marie Antolnette, verbally, and in writing a sum of 1,200,000 francs, which he claimed to have paid out of his own pocket in his efforts to rescue the queen, the {revolutionary w of subsequent | even weeks | ranch in | of the skin. Q. How railroad tunnel station?—G. E. C. A. There are two tunnels below 1st street and the Capitol and the Library and at the Neptune Fountain they are forty feet below the surface Q. What is put between the fen- ders and an _automobile body to keep the fenders from rattling and squeak ing?—M. J. A. Most of the later models have a leather strip four inchas wid which has a large cord or rope run ning through the center. This cor is ofl-soaked and the leather is foldec over it. When it is placed betwee the fenders it maintains a lubric tion which prevents the fenders fre squeaking. far underground approaching istiinn Unio logs be with Q. How that are to be used on?—>M. W. M A. In such a case merely wash 1} logs with creosote treated the should bar Q. How many people in States cannot speak En A. In 1921 it wak ted that there were 1488945 foreign born i the country who could speak no lish—14,644- negroes. 3 Ind 10,020 Chinese and panese Q. In case of a broken engage ment what becomes of the wedd presents M. P. H A. They are their donors Q. What is the origin of the nar of the city of Cincinnati?—A. B A. Cincinnati was named by Cc Israel Ludlow in honor of the orgar zation of officers formed ufter That was r the Society of Cincinnati. in honor Cincinnatus, the Roman patriot Q. glass?—)M). A. The Navy De rtment savs ths there is no bullet-proof glass used on any of the United States battle Non-shatterable glass, how on the majority of thes . including the U. S. . Arizon est Virginia and Missi Q. Was William Foster acquitts at his recent trial?—P. K. A. In Foster's trial for lation of the Michigan criminal syndicalism th hopelessly deadlocked charged. * The defendant a convicted nor acquitted returned usually Does the N avy use bullet-pre sippi. (If you have a question ansuered send it to The St |tion bureau. Frederic J. Has | 1220 North Capitol ‘street { f1dl mame and address. so that the i formation may be sent direct. Inclo.r 2 cents in stamps for return postage) you - informa kin, directo Give you gnito Ranch in Alberia king and their two children. No he desist from hig impudent demar. until confronted by the emperor witi his signed receipt for the amount iy question. which he had been paid by the Duchess of Parma. in behalf nf her sister, Queen Marie Antoinette the existence of which document had evidently forgot This serves to explain the very co manner in which the queen referre to the count during her pub, for her life, and which con Deople present, as well as readers of the evidence in cour: preserved in the National Library of Paris, that she retained no illusions about the disinterestedness of the count and that whatever belief she may have entertained in his chivalr, had been obliterated by his greed connectfon with her money and Jewelry. Under the circumstances. there ar many who will be less inclined to de plore his terrible fate when his ow: countrymen. in Sweden. who charged him with the responsibility for t death, by poiso! the popular Crown Prince Christian Augustus, 1810, mobbed him at the roval funera which he was attending earl marshal of the kingdr erally beat, kicked and tra to death. at Stockholm body to pieces without any interfe ence by the military or pelice By the by. the house at the cor of Faubourg St. Honore and Ave Matignon. where he lived in Pa and whence he started on his uy: cessful attempt to conveyr Q Marie Antoinette and her family ot France, is just now being down. e In the United States, where the tional game is undoubtedly base ba!! the President, if present. or som: member of the cabinet. or the gove nor of the state or the chief magis- trate of the city, is generally asked to inaugurate the mateh by throwing the first ball. ' Tn gland, rovs princes and premiers have Kicked off the ball in great foot ball game which attract crowds of many thou sande. and when, at_Bucharest the first country club in Rumania, which | Bucharest owes to the initiative nf lan Ameri 1. Col. Grebble. was in augurated by the queen, the othe day. and consecrated with much ec clesiastical ceremony by the primat« King Ferdinand inaugurated the first golf links of the Rumanian metropo lis by playing the initial game. King George of England has “carried th: bat” in many a game of cricket while his son, the Prince of Wales, !s devoted to polo, as is .also King Al fonso of Spain. Now. for hundreds of vears, bull 1ighting has been the national sport o' Spain, in spite of all the influence -~ hich the church of the country and the papacy in general has brought to bear against it. Tt is a matter of history that one of the earliest. and certainly the greatest, of the national heroes of Spain, namely, The Cid. flayed and killed a bull in the ring on one occasion. Under the circumstaces, of the minister of the interior fr summarily dismissing from _office Senor Baillo, the governor of Palen- cia, for descending, the other day, into the ring and for playing. with great success and skill, the role of a toreo- dor, killing his bull in a masterly fashion amidst tremendous enthu- siasm, has excited vigorous protests from ‘one end of the kingdom to the other, and has led to angry debate in the cortes affecting the safety of the entire cabinet. It s insisted that the governor's dismissal was, in reality, a plece of revenge for his refusal to lend him- self to some pleca of political trick- ery at the polls in the last general election. But, be that as it may, the official pretext given for his disgrace is his recent performance in the bull ring, which, under ordinary circum- stances, would have been regarded as a rather clever, rtainly a very suc- cessful, bid for popularity. Whatever may be thought abroad of the taste of the bull fighting go\- ernor of Palencia, it cannot be denied that the minister of the nterfor has been unwise in dismissing him from office for taking part in a popula sport in which several of the nationa heroes of the kingdom have distin- guished themselves and which js pa- tronized with their presence, by the king, the two queens, the entire royal family and the highest dignataries of the realm, : = the action