Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1923, Page 5

ADIO IS BIG FACTOR IN FATE OF LATEST ARCTIC EXPEDITION (Continued from First Page.) sre advancing after ages of retreat. Over the wireless he will send his tindings. Voyage to Last 15 Months. e Bowdoin goes prepared for a cn months' voyage. She may be 'ped and held for years. She may er return. It is possible, for all skill put into her ‘construction, t she will be crushed by the ice. or she may remain sound as a nut— with no living man to care for her. ihe little schooner, navigated by facMillan himself, will advance to (i 11 degrees of the north pole ! there will be locked in the ice for winter, on thte edge of the larg- «st area of the earth's surface which = vet to be explored by white men. Takes Movie Film, Too. In this winter station, as well as while on the way and during the period of exploration after the end of winter, acMillan will use two of the most in- us of Inventions to record his rk: the movie and the wireless. He 4125 %60,000 feet of moving picture film with him. And the radio—will it wo are experts who say no. Th the aurora borealis is to radio brick wall to an arrow. They point 10 other difficulties. But MacMillan replies that in 192 11 experiment, he himself picked u signals through the aurora. th him is Donald Mix, a lad of ty, as eager for the work as a gster for a picnic. He was chosen 1 a long list of possibilities—chosen his special abilities as wireless op- ator for an arctic explorer. ud Mix says with his chief, “We'll ges through the United States and in Canada of radio amateu will listen signal on a specified night ill send essage—it will be in code—to the est newspaper co-operating in the That means the nearest cwspaper, in the United States and vada, which is_a member of the American Newspaper Alliance, sage, decoded, will be published Tadio League Works Out Plans. The plans for the experiments cov- g a year or more have been vorked out in detail by the Ameri- Radio Relay Leugue, whose head- ers are in Hartford, Conn. The ral government's radio officers are also giving complete co-opera- Al 111 technical instructions are bein, ed Ly the league to its 30,00 nbers, : ever a man set the world by the it is MacMillan, v the first time the progress of arctic expedition will be reported swiftly as the innings of a post- n base ball game. @ test iv one of the most romantic - annals of radio and of polar ploration. The imagination is red by the thought of the little » and her small company of eight rite men frozen in among icy wastes iv * 000 miles from home. isualize the radio operator at his un appuraius in the forecastle, crew crowded expectantly around Outside, darkness and 70 de- ¢y Delow zero. Inside, the trig forécastle and the little box that may by its magic eliminate the desolate les and bring on the instant the companionship of civilization. wonder these men will wa Iy for the result of Donald Mix's jlled knob-twisting. It may bring ¥, world marching down the com- yanionway or they may hear only the vaning of the arctic wind outside. Doubt Adds to Interest. This innovation of radio trans- mission in the arctic is in itself an important scientific experiment be- of the contention of many experts that transmission rough the aurora borealis is Im- ssible. Other radio engineers who ive assisted in preparation for the are confident that the attempt be surprisingiy successful and forever establish the fallacy of 5 theory. - The element of chance uncertainty adds interest to the radio Will the thousands of radio ama- members of the American League, hear their old d Donald Mix calling them from t the fur north? They believe they mateurs, for they are en- regarding this latest con- sest of t This is a new test, Thev have “work- P cvery conceivable point their wave length. including isatlantio communication. The latter achievement was accom- | hed in_spite of the fact that it! been held impossible except for high power commercial stations. The radio equipment on the Bow- vas specially built for the test. a transmitter, ons long and two short wave receivers 2nd accessories sufficient to last two vears. Engineers spent sev- eks on the installation and rous tests were made while the was in various ports on the Signals from Germany o conied and Chicago was “work- nig Ccld Makes New Problems. of ost Tow the extreme tempera- untered in the far &n and installation of | presented many inter- ! ms. In addition, be- Bowdoin carries sail as 4l as an oil engine, the rigging of antenna required some ingenuity. apparatus itself every pre- tion wae taken to allow for the ansion and contraction of the va- us parts without interference with »rmal operation. The antenna is rigged to the two E with all four wires leading a slant forward of the foremast, i ‘lead-in wire being taken off one nd of a small spreader swung about | vay between the ton of the | mast and the tin of the bowspri: jie lead-in insulator presented a “iliar problem, as the temperature the radio section of the forecastle | | average about 70 degrees in the! srth. while the outside temperature (uenty is 70 degrees below. a dif- crence of 140 degrees. The slightest ctallic connettion between exterior | 4 interior under such a great dif- | crence in temperature conducts the cat so rapidly that it is almost im- ;ssible to prevent jce collecting on inner end of the conductor. Ac- ordingly, the insulator itself was instructed of three concentric tubes, irrounding a long slender brass rod. outer tube is of specially treated ! [ o0d. the next is of hard rubber and < inner tube is of glass. i Because of the obvious necessity of | 1 econviny the power for the smitter i limited. The power ant consists of duplicate 8$50-watt kas-engine driven generators con- | ccted to & 160-ampere-hour, 32-volt torage battery. This battery must = apparatu sting probl ise the |leader {out. arry the regular ship's light load n addition to that of the radio trans- nitter, which alone requires 50 am- eres at 32 volts. Consequently, one br the gas-engine driven generators ust always be kept in operation hile the radio transmitter is in use. Can Manufacture Batteries. As the failure of the thirty-two-volt pattery would mean a breakdown of he transmitter, this equipment wgs elected with great care and a very fomplete set of spare parts, chem- cals, etc., have been provided. The mall B batteries seldom have a life f more than one year, and the expe- iition will be gone at least fifteen onths, and possibly several years if aught in the ice. The anufacturer provided a la: MacMillan, Famous Explorer, With Peary at the North Pole Donald Baxter MacMillan, who is now forty-eight years old, has a long and remarkable record in arctic work, including his participation as Peary’s lieutenant in the expedition which reached the north pole in 1909, The sea gave him his environment as a child. He was born in the his- toric fishing village of Provincetown, Mass., on November 10, 1874. Exploration called him from a ca- reer of teaching, and in 1908 he got Dis first sight of the far north as as- sistant in the Peary Arctic Club North Polar Expedition. His later arctic work has included : 1910—Member of the Cabot Labra- dor party. 1911-12—Ethnological work among Eskimos of Labrador. 1913-17—Leader of land expedition, 1920-22—Commander of the Mac- Millan Baffin land expedition. Besides contributing to many mag- azines, Dr. MacMillan is the author of “Four Yéars in the White North,” published in 1918. A second book telling of his experiences is soon to be_published. His versatality surpasses that of many of the most celebrated expedi- tion leaders. In addition to being a practical navigator and having the working knowledge of medicine requi- Site to an arctic party chief, Dr. Mac- Millan is & student of various spectal sciences. He took his A. B. In 1598 at Bowdoin College, which gave him the A. M. degree in 1910 and that of Sc. D. in 1918, He became principal of Levi Hall School in North Gor- ham, Me., in 1598, and in 1900 left there to become head of the classical department at Swarthmore, Pa., Pre- paratory School. From 1903 to 1908 he was instructor at the Worcester, Mase., Academy. He is profe anthropology at Bowdoin College. the Crocker havior during manufacture was care- fully watched to insure the longest possible life. rials have been supplied to manufac- ture these batteries aboard as needed. It is the great care used in select- ing materials, installing apparatus and arranging for cunmunication that leads Dr. MacMillan to express| onfldence that his party not only will listen in” on the doings of clviliza- | tion, but that he will succeed in re- turning to the world, week by weck, the story of his own experiences. On a previous trip time signals were received through the northern lights | and he believes that had he or any | of his crew possessed sufficient radio | knowledge they would have received radio messages as well. { Dr. MacMillan is enthusiastic over | the probability of receiving concerts, news reports and other radio broad- cast features, particularly for the beneficial effect on the morale of the party. “One of the chief problems of the of the arctic exploration party.,” he sald, just before sailing, "is o preserve harmony and good feeling among the men. When one stops to consider that for 280 days, after reaching winter quarters the Bowdoin will be frozen into the ice and that for many weeks we will be enshrouded in the arctic night, the value of radio communication’ will be readily seen. Will Help Keep Men Content. “Previously, it has been almost im- possible to avoid trouble when mem- bers of the expedition, all varying widely in temperament, have been cooped up together. It is surprising how quickly a man becomes talked Then, unless he has some real interest, some work that fascinates him, he is inclined to become morose and not infrequently quarrelsome “I belleve that the radio will supply the home touch, topics of conversation and constantly renewed interests that will make this the happiest and most contented exploration expedition that ever went into the arctic. Dr. MacMillan also uses extreme care in the selection of the members of the crew and party. He prefers single men, with as few home ties as possible, and shuns the professional man or one whose career distinctly lles in civilization. This is because such a man, during the comparative | inactivity of the arctic night, dwells on the time he feels he is los- ing and the loss of opportunity. Also, such a man looks forward eagerly to the termination of the expedition, to the day when the ship's prow once again will be headed to the south and home. Many times unfavorable con- ditions in the north prevent this, and the expedition faces another year in the icy grip. Some men, confronted with this situation, have nearly lost their sanity after interminable hours and days of brooding disappointment. The Bowdoin is now headed for winter quarters, just south of Cape Sabine, about eleven degrees from the north ' pole. at 179 degrees north latitude. There at Camp Clay, Dr. and is a fellow of the American Geo- MacMillan will place on the cliff facing In addition, all mate- | of the eighteen men of the ill-fated | Sabine about the a MACMILLAN 1910-12 he did post-graduate work at Harvard. In 1918-19 he was an ensign in the aviation branch of the United States Naval Reserve. He is widely known as a lecturer graphic Society and the Royal Geo- graphical Society (London), as well as the National Geographic Societ the Harvard Travelers' Club, the plorers’ Club and Theta Delta Chi. He is unmarried and his home is in Freeport, Me.. a few miles from the port from which he sails. the camp a memorial tablet in honor Greely expeition. who _died there n 1884. This tablet has been author- zed by the trustees of the National Geographic Society. Dr. MacMillan hopes to reach Cape middle of August nd will select the most advantageous spot to allow the ship to be frozen into the ice for the winter. Should ice conditions as far north as Cape Sabine prohibit this course, he will winter at Jones Sound. To Get Own Meat Supply. The first necessity upon arrival will c to lay in a goodly supply of fresh meat, principally seal meat. It has been found that it is essentlal in the far north to eat plenty of fresh meat to avoid scury; Although the Bowdoin is carrying a large supply of food, past experiences in his fifteen years of arctic work have proved to Dr. MacXillan the absolute necessity of conserving every ounce of food. A polar expedition expected to last a year frequently has turned out to last from two to four years instead and appetites whetted by arctic work have "a devastating effect on the ship's stores. Walrus hunting also will be in order, for the hide is excellent for the soles of the Artic boots, or kamiks as the skimos all them. Catching walrus {5 not recommended as # past: time for a nervous person for the walrus do not hesitate to attack dories or the Eskimo kayaks. With their long. heavy tusks propelled by several tons of beef they are formid- able battering rams and many are the boats they have staved in and | sunk. 1t possible, they are shot while ly- ing on an ice pan or, if in or close to water, they are hurpooned before they are’shot to prevent their sink- ing. The MacMillan expedition is not a stunt. Its primary purpose is to add to the world's knowledge of the far north which presents the largest tnexplored region left to be con- quered by man's courdge and in- Zenuity. On tcp of the earth there ire a half million square miles of vnexplored territory and thousands upon thousands of miles untrod by the white man. 4 It is not that man has not pen trated far enough north, but that al- 1most all expeditions have been spec- tacular dashes for the North pole, that mathematical point on © the jumbled ice of the Polar sca, and the explorers haveé hurried past vast regions unknown te man. New Land Only Mirage. Dr. MacMillan purposes to explore much new territory, to substitute definite knowledge for what now is guesswork and theory. Prior to his Crokerland expedition of 1913-17, the maps of the Arctic presented a land in the Polor sea something more than 100 miles to the west of Cape Thomas Hubbard. This was the land - e — = El Electric FANS d 552';, and fects Our - Now in Our New Store, 709 13th, One Door Above G —_—r L, e Joor Above G Counteract the Heat . office demand—oprice, $5 up. Gas Ranges, Automatic Cook Stoves C. A. MUDDIMAN CO. Specialists in Heating & Lighting Equifment 709 13th St.—One Door Above G St. LIGHT ON EVERY SUBJECT ectric Fans in home and help you keep fresh fit—counteract the ef- of soaring mercury. stock is ample for every lot " icebergs WASHINGTON; D. C., MONDAY, JUNE that Commander Peary reported se ing and was named Croker Land. Others had reported seeing this same land. It was assumed to exist and therefore shown on the map. Dr. MacMillan, with Ensign Fitzhugh Green, two Eskimos and four sledges, went on the rough ice of the Polar sea in quest of this unknown land. After pushing on miles beyond the point at which Commander Peary had reported seeing Croker Land, Dr. MacMillan found that the vision of land he had been pursuing had now passed entirely from view. Instead of land. he believes it was a mirage caused by the reflection of the broken. jagged ice in the sky. The condition of the ice of that region, however. indicated to him that somewhere to the west lies a land not yet seen or discovered. 7 It was on the return trip to land that Pee-a-wah-to, an Eskimo who had been with Peary on several of his polar rushes, was shot and killed. Among the purposes of the present expedition are the study of terrestrial magnetism and atmospheric electric- ity botany, glaciology, ornithology and the obtaining of an educational series of photographs of the wild bird and animal life of the north. Dr. MacMillan also is taking with him 30.000 feet of motion picture film with which to record permanently the record of the expedition. - Carnegle Expert in Party. For the study of terrestrial mag- netism and atmospheric electricity, the Carnegle Institution is nding Richard Goddard of Winthrop, Mass., who accompanied Dr. MacMiilan on his last expedition to Baffin Land in 1921-1922. Tt is expected that the result of this research will extend knowledge of atmospheric conditions &8 effecting radio work particularly, because for the first time it will be possible to check conditions and re- sults directly. In connection with his study of glaciology, Dr. MacMillan's recent prediction 'of the return to the United States and Europe of another ice age the distant future has caused un- usual interest. Although geologlists report that the ice is retreating in the Alps, in north- west Canada and in Alaska, Dr. Ma Millan's observations in the Aretic during the last fiftcen years have {shown that all glaciers in that region are advancing from the main ice cap down through the valleys on their way to the sea. The day is coming, he says, when these will all con- tribute to the great mass drifting southward. A study of maps and narratives of Arctic explorers who have gone be- fore reveals that this increase has continued steadily for at least seventy-three years. In Greenland there Is a continental ice cap of 500,000 square miles, reach- ing an altitude of 10,000 feet. Whether this is increasing or decreasing in thickness or whether it remains at a _constant height, the outgoing crop balancing the annual snowfall is a question that has never been answered Dr. MacMillan, predicating his be- lief on his own observations, believes that the e cap reached its minimum size and a is increasing in area. If the glaci of the west Greenland coast are advancing more rapidly each year the result will be an increase in millions of tons of drift ice and consequently an added menace to navigation in the near futube. Liners Warned of Ice. Recent government reports have warned vessels of the unusual amount of ice in the shipping lanes of the north Atlantic. Dr. MacMtllan would not be surprised if the slow but con- stant advance of the gla TS causes this condition to grow steadily worse, eventually forcing ship & out of the rth Atlantic . Glaciers move with varying speed, one in the Arctic having been re- ported as moving feet in twenty-four hours, while others move only a few Sensational! The sil quality- of of them sational! are of beautiful styles the latest fashions! Most delay. = O No matter where you are larly upon your order. and you know you can di RELIABLE news. Rates by Mail— Postage Paid Payable in Advarce Daily and One month..70c 50c One week...20c 15c Sc All other States— One month..85c 60c One week...25c 20c Arrange to have The Star sent to you mer, The Star—Daily and Sunday—will be sent you regu- You'll want to know what's going on in Washington, Address may be changed as often as desired. Maryland and Virginia— Sundsy Daily Sunday 20c planning to spend the sum- epend upon The Star for summer frocks such as have been sell- ing at $35 and $39.50. You will appreciate them —but do not inches a day. Dr. MacMillan, on previous expeditions, has discovered a number of s and charted many_others, and because of these records will be enabled to check closely on the moveinent of these huge bodles since he last saw them. ontrary to what might be ex- pected, the reports of large quantitie: of ice in the north Atlantic are ple ing to MacMillan, because it means that the ice which ordinarily would block his passage in Arctic waters is coming out eafly and will permit him to navigato his ship to nt farther north. A eusel in which the party will brave the storms and ice crushes on the journey is the smallest ever used in arctic work, and is only eighty- nine, feet long. Because of its small hold it is megistered as only fifteen tons capacity; although actually it Is nearer eighiy. Though small in size, the Bowdoin was especially buflt in 1921 for arctd¢ work, and in design and constructioh. embodies the ideas of Dr. MacMillay, who has sailed north in many diffévent types of shipe. The Bowdoin is an uxiliary schooner of the knockabout type, and is sturd, ily cdnstructed of oa% with a special sheathing of greenhawd just below her water line.. It is gxceptionally wide at the stern to wawd off loose ice from the propeller bl: and is somewhat dieh shaped, so that when caught in an ice jam the temtlency 18 to thrust the vessel up on top of the ice rather than to crush in her sides. To Use Salls When He Cana To conserve fuel for the powakful engine, Dr. MacMillan, who is ‘2 skilled' navigator, plans to sall Bowdoin as much as possible. An example of the ship's durability was afforded on the last trip when she struck on shallow ground on the way north, was given full speed ahead and, bounding like a jack rab- bit, hit eight or nine times before finally going clear into deep water. She ripped off her shoe and split the keel, but it was not until a few weeks ago, when she was put into drydock, that this damage was re- paired. Despite this, the vessel went through the entire trip without trouble, and there was comparatively little water in her when she was pumped out on her return home. Besides . Dr. MacMillan the mem- bers of the party will include: Ralph H. Robinson of Haverhill, Mass., his chief assistant, who ac- companied him on his last trip to Baffin Land. Thomas McCue, mate, whose career reads like fiction of the most melo- dramatic kind. He went to sea at the age of ten and has served in every concefvable kind of craft from the old square rigger to a beam trawler. He is a New Foundlander and served in_the British army dur- ing the war. He was actually in the trenches three years and twenty-five days and was wounded four times He was on MacMillan's last expedi: tion. B , Donald Mix of Bristol, Conn., radio loperator. He is twenty years old, the youngest member of the party. Richard Goddard of Winthrop, Mass. Making his second trip with MacMillan for the Carnegie Institu- jtion. John Jaynes of Somerville, Mass. the engineer. An expert mechaniclan and formerly a teacher in the Somer- ville High School. He is the only married man in the expedition. James Gllchrist, cook. Wide sea experience. In Greenland, the eighth member, an interpreter, will be taken aboard. ROBBERS KILL JEWELER. NEW YORK, June 25.—While grap- pling with one of & trio of well dressed young men, who attempted to rob his Jewelry store in the Bowery district, Nathan Hebald was shot and killed by the other two robbers. The three men escaped In a large touring car. No jewelry was stolen. Canton Crepe Georgette Crepe Foulard Silks Crepe de Chine Printed Crepe Shantung Pleated Panels Coat Models Accordion Pleated Draped Styles Braided Beaded Cross-stitched Lace Trimmed HE values in our sale of summertime silk dresses at $25.00 are truly sen- All Sizes—34 to 44 ks the Black Cocoa Orchid Peach Blue White Navy Tan Gray Maize Green are Oakland gives you a defi- nite “Mileage Basis Plan” by which you can estimate the large number of trouble- free miles your Oakland will give. “Our success is due to selling auto- ‘mobiles that won’t come back—to ous- tomers who will.” Immediate Delivery on All Medels. E. J. 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We simply want to make it clear to those who will purchase their Palm Beach Suits dur- ing the next few weeks the importance of going to a store that maintains a high quality of tailoring — even though the price of the suit may be two, three or four dollars K e ‘more. eh Naturally, we should like to have you think of P-B when you think of Palm Beach, for by following that process we know you will think a great deal of your Palm Beach Suits. 2 A Mfd. & Trade Mark Oumed by Goodall Worsted Company