Evening Star Newspaper, June 17, 1923, Page 43

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL ARTICLES 'Part 2—16 Pages EDITORIAL SECTION - Che Sundiny Staf. WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE ¥, 1923 WET ISSUE REPUDIATION BY TAGGART SIGNIFICANT Sets Example for Leaders Over United States—Stroke for Ralston Seen. BY N. 0. MESS ENGER. Y far the most important de- velopment of the hour in na- tional polities is the repudia- tion of the “wet” issue as a Dolitical aeset by the Indiana demo- cratic leader, Thomas Taggart, and the seeming reflection thereby on any Presidential aspirations Gov. Alfred E. Smith may entertain, based upon his recent declaration for modifica- tion of the Volstead act. More im- portant still, in the opinion of poli- tic the probability that Mr. is Other Democratic they think that when Gov. Smith signed the Mullan-Gage repeal act he was looking forward to maintaining his popularity in his own state, and flourishing there as a leader and a popular idol. Many of his friends thought he missed the chance of becoming a na- tional figure when he signed the re- peal bill and that he will not get beyond possibly the United States senatorship in national politics. If he should decide to run for that office later, it is generally conceded he would be elected. ARCHANGEL 'America Has Spent Over $17,000,000,000 InLast Eight Years to Help Distressed World McKELWAY, OME millions of years ago a mountain range off the western coast of South America poked its head above the Pacific ocean and left Chile in supreme con- trof of one of the niftiest monopolies on an essential commodity that ever existed. This mountain range, so the story goes, cut off portions of the ocean, thus forming an inland sea. A hot sun dried up this sea in time and left large deposits of sodium nitrate. U. S. FARMERS BOUND BY' CHILE NITRATE MONOPOLY Experts Now Working on Plans to Fix Nitrogen and Make Country Inde- pendent of Outside Supplies. - | Half of her revenue is obtained fron | a tax of something ltke $12 a ton her nitratem—which is paid by ths consumer. On top of this $12 tax the farmer who buys fertilizer must pa: the actual cost of producing the ni trate, plus a profit for the producer profit for the broker and a profit for the distributor. This government imports about 50 per cent of Chile's production. The Chilean Producers’ Association controls about 9§ per cent of Chile's a a Taggart has set an exumple for demo- R Given a supply of sodium nitrate| Production of nitrogen, and the Chil- eratic leaders In other states to fol-| (. F W T ey for and other chemlicals which forma his| €An government is represented on thi low, in disassociating the demo- o B = o fertili a farmer will apply the|association. Every spring this asse Gentlo party Trom) (he ,wet jasueljw [the. Gemmocratic, presidential nomine- mixture to his land and grow lux- | ciation sets the prices on nitrates,and 1024 fhuaieariy. n the preliminanies | o0 18 regirded us laving ofmclally uriant fields of corn, demse acres of [ Whatever it is, however high, the of the campaign e s o e e wheat, become rich and fat in t American farmer, of course, has i« b last Friday in formally indorsing him | 224 wsiso e Balches &f somc{URY G Sr C60 en His 1smd o o Tt came about this way; Gov. Smith |as Alabama's choice. e O e D Ly gy a a ¥ . Ala s come prosperous American citizens.| 0usly is this monopoly guarded that 1r-luvm.\lz-d g ‘m.‘.u.:. The lrpbu]rrd;‘sn-en t;:\lv, Sx\;fl:{s wet | |Give the munitions maker a fair sup- there is no chanee of breaking it up Where he met the 1llinois democratic | issue by Indlana will probably not ply of this nitrate and his factories| thTough competition, for the Chilean 1 s, George F Brennan, nd then |be overlooked by Senator Under- o PHOW e xplosives, governmen o It by way a down to French Lick, Ind., which is a | wood’s backers, ner by himself, and no Rl Sl T pR e L e Ly i s for democrats the country over, | good word for modification of the effect. Deny the farmer his nitrate | Outsider can come into the fleld and ho go there to drink the waters | Volstead act is likely té come from e R | tare usiens tadeienideet :::;!rnum:m:”.‘v‘r“:'r::;:l}'d;,:::,;:r\:f‘ = the L“""“"""*"‘:“L":‘ . ren and become a desert waste, he Would Fight Monopolles. =" mous resort. It is understood that will grow lean himself, beat his wife Herbert Hoover's idea regarding when Gov. Smith arrived with his| GOV. Pinchot of Penneylvania has and eventually become an I. W. W.| rupher and sisal—two commoditics wet views Boss Brennan got “cold | had a setback in his plans to clean “holh!m\'s up bridges and preaches| for which the United States depends ¢oet” and did not Eo with him to|UP the bootleggers and liquor and agin' the government. Deny the mu-| for its supply on other countries— Vrench Lick. Bremnan was quoted as | Peer dealers in the Keystone state. It nitions maker his nitrates and his}applies to nitrogen. Mr. Hoover hopes iving that he considered the wet |Will be recalled that when he took factories will stop running, the guns|to see the time when the United <iue “a red-hot poker” and would | Office he served notice that he would will stop shooting and the flag will| States will be able to furnish itsown et aleie make determined warfare on the come tumbling, of necessity, to the| supplies of such essential commod- Shortly after talking with Gov.|Wets. He was intent upon having his ground. ities and become independent of for Smith, Mr. Taggart, who is unques- | State Dresent a contrast to its neigh- ! War Showed the Need. ;x;{. government monopolies. To find tionably the democratic power in the [ D07, New Jersey, which boasted of The war brought home to the| o §T“;g'r“~; “‘; p‘z;;‘:“" Aontthe Hoosier state, is reported as saying, | DeINS as “wet as the Atlantic ocean.” 1 United States government its de-| oo. CONEress appropriated $500.000 T e T B i | At that time the non-reformers ot | {% How U. S. Has Poured Out Billions Abroad. Pendence. on mitrogen: Great guanc| DIl is Befng used in investigating palgn cannot ba won on a wet issue,” | the state winked an eve and said| 3 tities of it were brought from Chile. '”":\"'":‘”;:I e That was construed us a body blow | they would see about the governor's | Foreign debts to United States on cash loans......... $10.102,140829 and enabled the United States to turn | o, 20T 16 CIEORET Hhe st for the wets, who had been hoping |dTive—"they would meet at Harris- | 3 = tons and tons of explosives as fast| o » S oPAESn=—RSUD to hitch their chariot to the demo- | PUrg and let him talk to the legisla- | { ¥4 Accrued interest on these foreign loans......... .. 1554791908 A Hria N Y AN BbMan heidelconia » \l‘huh will make the United States eratic star. considered by them to be | ture.” ks Private foreign financing, last three years .. 2072000000 il thew . ARE maw weaes Nimes| Docpsddent jof C Hile andidbiol to in the ascendancy, looking forward | el the governor got along finely | I American Red Cross........ ...... e 300,000,000 are teaching the United States Now | fomors ut b (s @ onizer 0 the to 1824, Mr. Tazzart in his statement | I Securing the passage of a prohibi- | |3 Anerican Relief Admenistation (apnrnprn(ed ln Con- dependent it is on nitrogen, and \.“,omjnp‘l":'_‘ e teene Ay went on to explain that “there are | tion bill. but in the closing hours of | F. NI 100,000,000 therefore on Chile, to keep its farms|; “y hen = 10 the @ir and the aiv ather thines more imporiant than tne | the session of the legislature a bill| [§ Sre)sosnsner Dl SO Sepian s green with growing food and its peo- |yt n_'_”“d Siates is proverhiully et and das question. and. in My opin. | CAFTYINE the necessary appropriation | [¥ erican Relief Administration (as private organiza- B el fed. o Aenicurrists ey | or. , DHL SitEoRen s & stubhom T, o paris contd win by raiaine the | ©f $250.000 for enforcement of thel | tion). . RS see eeE eat 70,000,000 the fertility of the soll n this coun- | or, oF 20 element. It is independent wer standard as a dry issue law failed of passage. Gov. Pinchot | Near East Relief. e e, 2242232 try is steadily decreasing. AMETICAN [\ icn wmsumins ohe e WvOmE combine “The big » will be taxation, both | IS reported as having set his jaw and Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. .. o 50,830,493 | farmers can raise only fourteen or|,.. 5" .""?f..mj' A R federal and state: extravagance in|Announced to the marplots of his v Serlel N . el Bt ale ot whent t veh o |auspicious cireumstances—and_these B e o plans that he would see to it that Young Men's Christian Association..........ooovee 38,3750 e D O avheat o @ aer | circumstances are cxpensive. Fixing S o : | means cement wo e pro- Commission for Relief of Belgium o 36.668,519 | nitrogen, or getting it out of the air the Fordney-MeCumber tariff bill and | Teans for enforcement would be pr -« - R c 2 nd three times that amount. As the |{ " ; : 2 , foreign affalre” vided in some way and that the| European Relief Council (May 31, 1921)... ........... 29,068.504 fise. of the Tand Froreaseq, tha need| s foxm WHICH willienuble ftito be Batween e Iies 60 Mr, Tasssrts ) As 1 ssers (hat the'movement ol é;\.mca,_‘ Friends :crun’ Committee 1«_1198.:::2 ::‘1:‘ '«‘ndd‘:c::f::;mfn;':'l’fih":f‘:; herself independent of all outside statement, which virtually disquali- [ keep the wets from capturing the 3 hinese famine fund . 7,250,000 fesios el | HE sources when she built great factories fied Gov. Smith from the democratic | democratic party has o defi';nhn)y HERBERT C HQOVER’ Salvation Army . 6,546,846 OO}A§RNE"ST .PZ';E;CCI,(NE’LL :;"\“‘j‘““( ““:""!’ = "’;\’j":"""’_“’:”‘ for fixing nitrogen durg\ug the war, available list, politicians read the |set in, through the example set by| fTZRerof WarRelie! Work. Young Women's Christian A SOETA IO s e e 3071197 Of Hmercarn an vy ;’;‘:“';:n“(he o mired MmN or|end by combining this source of PIopetliny of e Eive (o he |\@homss Tageett of dudlanethe xe ; American Catholic Bishops Relief Fund for Central farmer to make an even brewic and{ un ner sk by Cotalned national convention with Senator and | publicans being certain to reject it— - 3 e from her coke industries, was abie ool G Raitat s il il e e e e Europe..... - 1,000,000 g | slit Arev-ntey with himseit is to use [0 hune the war to a finish, - What date, on the platform outlined by Mr. | dering what hopes the wets have of BY WILL P. KENVEDY. Papal Relief Mission in Russia (first six mmnhfl o 1,000,000 ""'r"?d :°*" ;DTT';‘“IIRO:‘-‘" 3,0 ‘;.:Zg more fertilizer, which puts the poor|Germany did, and what is being done Taggart, and the real commencing of | being able to make any headw HE American people—as a na-| | Societies, associations, etc, many of which are now ;z’:“ P:;“m;“;r e e ff"rn'"“.:w"’;, ‘;’;: ‘;:'v'“kg:(‘i""m‘;"";:;" in Europe now, will probably prove the u[r:;fl.fluu boom throughout the \fil;:\:nd modification of the \'Ula!ead: l('hlr:' ||)| groups ;nlmli :m:\..a. out of existence, and with no records available N them. providing food, doctors' care!plue sea S e e m:l: tr;: \b:‘l‘l]“‘t:lm;vunlr('\”w problem before e L e ey besel axtandnt ol (estimated) : St 730000000 | | and establishing hospitals any more fertilizer than he's buyins e il et O proniinent i the demoeratic potitical | the suggestion that ther would bet-|in sl the distressed countiies of the Individual gifts—food. money, goods—1914-1 . $153,000,000 Spent in Work. now, chiefly because of the price of ) B e gossip since his victory over Albert |ter seek their end through the selec- “n;—m ) he Tast ciunt troubled mated.. " - 5 750,000,000 The relief work of the American |nitrates, . ! -\lr'rf are t .~)?vm\ _ commercial J. Beveridge and the wresting of altion of senators and representatives| it ot LGt oe L athy Spent in Europe by Aitierican toniimts (lau foue vears) Red Cross in various European coun- Three Soll Foods Lacking. ll',:;;\s. '?n:“e;:::’; m“:’@ United State seal in the United States Senate from | than through the presidency. HoW|gjoq (o overflowing with relief of all| (estimated). e 1,250,000.000 tries since the signing of the armi-| . . ience Las shown that farm|located in the S the republicans. Tt is expected that he | long will it 4ake them to overturn a|y., tall Vards of meventeen | | stice has covered a fleld ranging from | -t} Sy st e B jthe state fof Washington, will be heard of more from now o s majority in both bodies of Con-| piniy qanany Lo 088 | ] = the creatfon and support of schools [1ands. senerally speaking, in the|the other in Syracuse, N. Y. Neither i Hom 1 n. |gry majority in billion dollars. Total ..oosias ey ’ ..$17,233,780,528 = United States lack in three soil foods|of these plants is ges His sponsor, Mr. Taggart, is one of the | gress by means of hand-picked can- [~ b (o R0 ooy demon- | to sustaining an entire population, | “HE FIETER SEOE T s plants is engaged in fixing most widely known democrats in the | didates, it is asked, while neither of = tigs ot shbs it 7 . | such as the million Greeks who flea|—Phospiorus, potassium ané nitro-|nitrogen for agricultural use. —The Cotntry aad one Of thie most saghlac | o 10 Derkies Wil cams & wet dbof o 08 of humshitatien esSeRC|auilare from the Bands of” Amerioas [ Anicrican Bed Crdss 4erdd fo 2very | from Asfn Mimor atier (he dsbadic at e e S PR L STo | R e s T Inloptration Andi nis wiclaing lnfiaeacs in other Statonsration 1e the pliflafic Wl Wyl TR mon {n the entize ‘f"‘"yhourism It was help in every way one of the belligerent countries to|Smyrna last fall. Exclusive of the AVvailable, but nitrogen. the most im-|since maintained an experimental HEOURH personal fHiHARhID Fith To-[Have (o) HeS0rtits = tiled party and] s Dl ®orld: Bo fresly this Tight| 1o carry on and to restore the wreck- | send each two hospital units, in-|enormous expenditures that went be. | POFtant of the three, must be bought |station or laboratory for fixing nitro- cal leaders e ot straignt for modification|Pand of helpfulness been extended|oq countries to a living and working | cluding doctors snd nurees sufficient | fore, when the war stlll was ragine. from Chile—and the price comes high.|Mn which is located at American % N Slehe xor that the left hand knew not (and| yocic ;;o overate a hospital. These were | these activities have to date entailed )X(zl:“’hflfl the renfl.n,\' of tha soil is| University Highly successful ex e e e iately o Bevecan nOmSE et iie iihtamans e e socepted with gratitude by all cf the an expendlture of over 153,000,000, |Peing mined rapidly and ihe use of |periments have been carried out at B e e e e Fer e SHORALL Mhe hvachtay|maTe is an impossible task to tel ) countrles, and these hospital units| In the midst of the service to the |féTtilizer is only in its beginning this station and scientists are hope ; ELoNEC ‘.Mthv‘w\: :Inl,,\;m::: :’\;‘;“‘y:::::ll::‘ g Un'xm“f"g mep—l-»r( ] the exact total of relief work done gy, fgures given in this article Were sent in the fall of 1914 to Eng- | American Army which fell to the Rea| TS Drings the story to the crux of |ful of finding some practical metho il foooiatie e b e e it At o Hineirroiina o REpve | L0 i nenTes 0T gTeat orBAnizZAtions,| were secured from official records land,‘ France. Belgium, Germany.| Cross on its entry into the European | ‘““’l ’”"a(;'ov'\'*,m; r;“-mx;“\-’v. on ni-fof fixing nitrogen which may prove Ziirded him s a bona-Nde cxndidute | sentatives many of them national in character. | anq other most authoritative sources ‘}\tu;{r :-:;Innsar;r Russia and Serbia | field the needs of the suffering chil- :]”l" a'l‘ B ”‘l; ‘"e nitediStates can basis of a new industey. e e oeeulocAtal mominations ool ety iticianai ot RN s be | S L the AN talnce NS STTIINES | Wilkte Amounts dsel eAtimied, lhe‘A: % ‘-iunot - encc?tere: the war. | dren of the devastated areas were the | 4° 0 Bt around 1t . The United States offers great op SGCodAL oF the GHisktions WhICK tReY | Tieys ihut dhe campmign’ bf 16%4) 4n| DrouENout the reconstruction period| ciculations were made not by the | At “"{ m: 1! nited States was | first to be recognized and met. The i el f:fn 3[°Hfl tlwgen n | portunity for the establishment of aceount of the oblections which they |lleve (ot Hhe o o omamity|21d Whenever and wherever thers| writer. but by officlaln in closest |strictly neutral. =~ 4| EFomth of the war refugees problem | - s czumn‘dug iree-fold. It comes |new industry in fixing nitrogen, for figious Yiliation. Taking this view,|than any campaign in our time was human distress. | touch with the work. ates espouse to ever more and more enormous pro-{ 45 2 y-product from “‘9 manufac- | the water power, essential in the & This attempt to bulk the relief| ry their most crucial hour of need, cause of the allies the American | portions, not alone in France and Bel. | ture of coke and gas. Some of it is |production of a cheap but powerfu! given to the world by the United|when the European nations were Red Cross concentrated all of its ef- | gium, but throughout eastern Europe, | Obtained from animal and vegetable|current of electricity, is available o ] W ll Inf d States since the sad days of 1914, when | giraining every effert to prevent their fOTts on the allled countries, anc |only increased this child welfare | Wastage—such as tankage in the|The method is yet to be perfected, Amel‘lcans e orme the world and his neighbor became| peing wiped off the map, the United | ilS interest from that time on until| problem which the Red Cross found | Packing industries, fish scrap. etc.|however, which will allow for the embroiled fn the greatest war, Is not| Seates as a nation practically financed | fter the srmistice was in provid'ng | itself facing on every side, The balance comes from Chile in the [ production of nitrogen for agricul On Government Activitie Tha American people have been kept better informed as to the activi- ties of their government than are the people of any other nation of’ the world. This has been done through the extensive free distribution of public documents. But this distribu- tion has been at an enormous expense and accompanied by tremendous waste. Now that the public has become So well advised as to governmental af- fairs, George Carter, the public printer. believes that the public should join in the necessary reduc- tion of government expenditures by paying for such publications as may be of benefit or interest, thereby placing the public printing upon a substantial business basis. Sales Favored, The success of the public document office in the sale of government Dub- Jications, even with limiled facilities and an inadequate force, offers a strong argument. Public Printer Car- ter has advised Congress, for discon- tinuance of nearly all of the present free distribution, much of which is grossly wa: teful, and for centralizing the cireulation of practically all gov- ernment publications on a sales basis by the superintendent of documents. With only a few possible exceptions, such as agricultural, educational, health and labor bulletins and the Congressional Record. practically all government publications should be sold and not given free distribution, he says. The nominal price charged for government publications, based merely upon reprint cost of paper and presswork, does not impose a burden on any one who is really interested in the informamtion thus made avail- able to the public. Furthermore, it is human nature to place some value on even a pamphlet for which a few crnts have been hand, while, on the a more pretentious publi- paid, ether cation which has been furnished free |and without even the asking in many instances is usually consigned to the | waste basket. Difficulty in Marketing. The great difficulty in the sale of government publications has been the inability of the government printing office to market its products the same as any other business concern would do. The superintendent of documents | ibas had little or no funds or oppor- | tunity to advertise his great stock of books or to acquaint the public with the inexhaustible source of useful information that the government has provided in its thousands of publica- tions. It has been the old story of |hiding the light under a bushel. The {result has been that year after year | thousands, yes, millions, of copies of once timely and helpful publications have accumulated on the shelves of this office and become obsolete or worth- less before the public could be ad- vised as to their value. During the year 3,706,073 conles of obsolete or worthless publications had to be sold as waste paper to make room for the incoming millions of fcopies of more recent documents. Many of these newer books will eventually come to the same fate un- less there is a cessation of wasteful printing ordered in anticipation of a public demand, which is generally cverestimated by an ambitious bureau chief desirous of personal exploita- tion at government expense. _ 1t all the bread the average per- son eats in a year were baked in one loaf it would take three strong men to lift it and a horse to pull it. ‘The weight of the loaf would be 397 pounds. —_— Among many African races are no words to indic there e lime of day. [ done in a spirit of boastfulness, but to erect a monument to human sym- pathy which will stand as an object lesson to all people and for all times. | It is builded from the “widow's mite" as well as from the millionaires’ af- fluence and represents the kindred| touch of all peoples, creeds and classes. Pagan and Christian Alike Helped. ‘| Jew and gentile, Christian, pagan and Turk, Protestant and Catholic and those in the military profession —all with common impulse contrib- uted in funds by hundreds of thou- sands and millions and in personal labors, to alleviate the human suf- fering that came in the wake of the mad war which swept over all Bu- rope. This monumental structure of re- llef, which commands the attention of the world, was builded not from the cold dollars and cents of com- merce, but from the ldealized coin of heart interest and zeal to aid a fel- low being in distress—particularly the children—*'for of such is the kingdom of Heaven." At this time when the big relief drive in Russia is being completed, it seems appropriate to emphasize how unmeasuringly not only the wealth, savings and self-sacrifice of this countr$ was pourgtl out, but the per- sonal service of devoted men and women by the thousands in distribut- ing the material relief. Here let it be understood that the word ‘re- llef" is used in intended distinction from “charity.” It includes much of real charity and more of that better aid, helping others to help them- selves. It includes loans and credits to well-nigh bankrupt countries, food to the starving and clothes to the naked, medical supplies for those swept down by plague and pestilence, machinery to restore to agriculture the fields shambled by war, engl- neering co-operation in rebuilding villages. and the pouring in of good working and stabalizing American the allied countries by making unlimited | cash loans, as a result of foreign governments owe the United States a grand total of $11.656,932.- 737.45—as of November 15. 1922, ac- cording to the books of the United States Treasury. This is carried under four classi- fications on the Treasury records, as follows: Cash advanced under the liberty loan acts—Principal, $9,386,311,178.10, accrued interest, $1,517,826,483.68. Obligations acquired by the sale of surplus war materals to Belgium, Czechoslovakla, Esthonia, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania and Russia—Frincipal, $574.876,884.95, and accrued interest, $18,041,057.86. Obligations received from the American Relief Administration from Armenia, Czechoslovakia, Hsthonia, Tihland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Russia total, in principal, $84,- 093,963.55, and accrued interest, $12,- 192,368.31. Obligations acquired by the United States Grain Corporation on account of sales of flour amount to: Princi- pal, $56,858,802.49, and accrued inter- est of $6,731,098.51. So that the total obligation of foi elgn governmentS to the United States as of November 15, 1922, was: Principal, $10,102,140,829.09, and ac- crued interest amounting to $1, 564,791,908.36, or a grand total of $11,656,932,737.45. Red Cross Figurehead. .Throughout the last eight years the American National Red Cross has stood as the figurehead representing the United States in relief work throughout the length and breadth of Europe. The total of $300,000,000 spent through Red Cross agencies does not by any means tell the real story, because the personal work of devoted and trained humanitarians was Infinitely above and beyond the intrinsic value of money. When the war hegin. this Lrnm: in 1914, it gol inte i, e he- tore which | later years of the war for the | 1or the American soldiers in Europe end for the soldiers of the allies. 10,000 Employed at Height. The second main purpose of the | American Red Cross was to take care of the civilllan populations of Belgium and devastated France. Millions of | refugees had been driven from their romes and fled in all directions. The American Red Cross did a hercu- lean work in caring for these ref- ugees, and scores of millions of dol- iars went for their relfef. The American Red Cross had about 10,000 persons in its employ in Europe at the height of its efforts. Their work was actively with and for the soldiers, helping in hospitals, provid- ing emergency supplies, etc. In every army hospital in Europe there was a group of Red Cross workers to take care of the ‘humanity side. They wrote millions of letters home for the boys and they worked tirelessly to get the home letters to the boys, no matter where they might have been shifted. They supplied delicacies by the ton, such as the hospitals could not get otherwise. The Red Cross had emergency hos- pital supplies for practically every- where, and from these whatever was needed was) rushed to any hospital without walting for any red tape to be unwound or orders to be signed and approved. Besides canteens, hot coffee was served as near the front as possible and along lines of communication and in emergency hospital rooms, and the Red Cross established hotels back of the lines for men on leave or convalescents. In Paris the Red Cross maintained several hotels ex- clusivelv for the men on leave. The Champ de Mars, in the center of Parls at the foot of Eifel Tower, was turn- ed over for use by the Red Cross, where a tent hotel with a capacity for 1,500 men, recreation and dining halls was get up and used by the American soldiers as their headquarters in Parls. Altogether the American’ Led Cross In 1919-1920 more than 1.000,000 were looked after by the Red Cross, given food. shelter and clothing or medical care. The general result of this relief work, continued as late as the spring of 1921, was a gradual les- | sening of rellef per se and an equal gradual emphasizing of child health and welfare work, until the point was finally reached when general relief work ceased altogether and medical and soctal service for children entire- 1y occupied the energies of the Amer- ican Red Cross in Europe. It is not too much to say that as a direct re- sult of the Red Cross work in Bu- rope since the armistice countless thousands of children have been res- cued from death by disease or starva- tion and saved from the evil effects of malnutrition. Children Looked Out for. In addition to thus meeting the urgent needs, the Red Cross and Junior Red Cross have combined in the establishment and equipment of schools, playsrounds, school gardens and health centers, in which, through- out the war-torn countries, the chil- dren were given opportunities to im- prove mentally as well as physically. In many European nations the health training instituted and conducted by American Red Cross nurses has found a permanent place in the health pro- grams of these countries. The following summary of expendi- tures shows the totals of American ed Cross rellef in the various war- affected countries of Europe from the armistice to the present time: I'rance, $66,933,000; Belgium, $2,196,- 000; Italy, $8,099,000; Great Britain, $4,741,000; Switzerland, $718,000; Bal- kans, $13,335,000 (this includes near- ly $3,000,000 spent in the relief of Greek refugees from Asia Minor in the last winter and spring); Pal- estine and near east, $4,822,000; Po- land, $17,283,000; Czechoslovakia, $881,000; Russia and Baltlc states, $13,231,000; Vienna-Budapest, $5,077,- 600; Constantinople and viemity (for " (Continucd un nth age) form of sodium nitrate, and this bal- ance forms the main source of suppl the others being virtually negligible. The Chilean Monopoly. The mountain range which rose out of the sea millions of years ago gave Chile the only large natural and work- able deposits of nitrogen in the world. And Chile, having the corner on an important commodity, hag naturally taken advantage of the situation. With -more than 10,000,000 men, women and children of the United States directly Interested in the pro- duclion of wheat, a national wheat conference has been called for June 19 and 20 In Chicago. Governors, senators and grange and farm association officlals who have issued this call point out that the dissatisfled condition of a large por- tion of our agrioultural population today is largely due to the price of wheat, which, measured by the cost! of production or by the purchasing | power of the farmer’s dollar, is lower today than in half a century past. Failure to bring relief to the farmer from his present situation will have a serious eftect upon every other in- dustry and upon the consuming pub- lic, they contend, because permanent prosperity of the whole nation de- pends upon conditions being satis- factory upon the flelds and farms that support the nation's physical life. A fair price for the wheat crop, they say, means purchasing power to the farmer, smoking chimneys for American factories and a full dinner pail for American workers. The disparity between our land values, taxes and labor, our standards of living and those of uther wheat- tural and industrial use on a paying basis. While it is now possible to { build and equip a great power plant for the fixing of nitrogen, the product could not be sold at a price to com pete with the Chilean product. The necessity for a practical method of production having long since arrived, those who are most interested believe the practical application of these meth- | ods is not far away. is Wheat Conference Is Called To Ease U. S. Farmers’ Burden producing nations of the world, makes it impossible for us to sell our sur plus profitably in the open markets of the world those behind the wheat conference insist. “It is not a mar ket we need for our wheat, but a profitable market,” Realizing that higher prices for wheat can come only through increased demand, outlet for the surplus production imust be found in the United States by educating the public to consume ,more wheat and the companion prod jucts of the farm which accompansy {wheat in consumption. The conference call has been signed {by Gov. J. A. O. Preus of Minnesota {Gov. Len Small of Iltinols, Gov. Jona- ithan M. Davis of Kansas, Gov. Arthur M. Hyde of Missourl, Gov. R. A Nestos of North Dakota, Gov. A. V Donahey of Ohlo, Gov. John O. Walton of Oklahoma, Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas, Senator Royal S Copeland of New York, Charles S Barrett, president of the Natlonal Farmers' Union; O. E. Bradfute, president of the American Farm Bu- reau Federation: S. J. Lowell, master of the National Grange: former Sena- tor George S. Chamberlain, now com- missioner of the United States Ship- ping Board, and Aaron Sapiro, counsel in agricultural éconvmics, an