Evening Star Newspaper, May 24, 1923, Page 1

' WEATHER. Falr tonight and _tomorrow; change in temperature. little Temperature for twenty-four hours ended at 2 p.m. today: noon. today; lowest, 48, today. Full report on page 5. Hi hest, 67, at 5 5:30 a.m. Closing N. Y. Stocks and Bonds, Page 28 No. 28,8T8. TR L A REDS SIEZE RUKR CITY: MANY SLAIN - OR HURT IN 0TS Streets in Wild Disorder as Police Are Beaten Back; Red Flag Flies. 5 DISARMED POLICEMEN HELPLESS BEFORE MOBii French Troops Stand By; Will Not Interfere If Military Laws Are Obeyed. By the Amociated Press, ESSEN, May 24—Dhe communists have taken possession of police head- quarters at Gelsenkirchen and have hoisted the red flag over the build- ing. Reports from German sources say that five persons were Killed and sixty-one wounded in the fighting for the possession of the building. The struggle began late last night and continued until early this morning. The trouble began to take serlous form yesterday afternoon, when a communist *‘commissist” commissions of control visited the shops, demand- ! ing that the prices of foodstuffs be cut in haif. The houewlves of the city hearing that the stores were comply- ing with this demand swooped down upon them with market baskets and exhausted the supplies in-a short time. Streets in Disorder. Meanwhile the with people and a general scramble ensued. As the security police had been expelled in February, the town ‘was without protection except for a force of firemen which had been doing some patrol duty. The force of firemen was called upon to make an effort to disperse | Entered as second-clasy matter post office thlr_lnon. D. C ¢ Fp WITH SUNDAY MORNING EDITION ening Star. every cit: “From_Press to Home Within the Hour” The Star’s carrier system covers block and the regular edi- tion is delivered to Washington homes as fast as the papers are printed, Yesterday’s ‘WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, MAY 24, 1923—FORTY-SIX PAGES. U. S. ENVOY SAYS CHINESE | POLITICIANS AID BANDITS Schurman Blames Withdraw From A message from Minister Schurman In Peking. received today by the State Department, expressed Mr. Schurman’s bellef that the task of ob- taining the release of American and other foreign captives held by the Chinese bandits was “now compli- icated by Chinese politics.” The minister said that “certain hostile factions” were using the bandit outrage to discredit the Chihli party, the Peking government and Tsao Kun, who had been “a hopeful candldate for the presidency.” Doubts Grave Danger. The message sald it did not “seem probable that the bandits would kill the foreign captives,” but that there was danger that during the pro- longed negotiations and compromises some of the prisoners might die of exposure, starvation or disease. | The text of the State Department's summary of Mr. Schurman's delayed ! message, which bore the date of May 23, follows: “The minister's estimate of the present situation {s as follows: For some days there have been no nego- tiations with the bandits, and no fighting, although there has been oc- casional firing, which.led the diplo- ithe Chinese government against its fallure to withdraw the troops in ac- cordance with the conditions laid GREEKS DEMAND i i .o DECISION SATURDAY Reserve Liberty of Action in Lausanne Situation, Says Premier Gonatas. the crowd. It was alded by the newly | formed civillan Self-Defense League, the members of which are armed With | p, ine Associated Press. clubs, but nat guns. The interference‘of the firemen and the Self-Defense League force seemed ) only to add fuel to the fire, and the | erowd began counter attacking. In| one instance the demonstrators at- tacked a squad of firemen who were occupying a fire truck, wounded sev- | eral of them and turned over the truck, which was being used as a; patrol wagon. Severnl Killed. Seelng matters were growing worse, |+ the firemen began using their re- volvers, this resulting Ifi several per- sons being killed and otherd wounded. At least forty wounded persons are reported to have been treated in the hospitals. Adaitional French troops were order- ed into Gelsenkirchen, which is In the Essen region, six miles northwest of Bochum, but it was announced there was no intention on the part of the French to interfere so long as the demonstrators did not clash with the | French military. ] When the French traops’ appéared they were cheered by the Germans, | ‘who thought the military had come to suppress the demonstration, but the French merely went to their various ! posts and looked on. HIGH PRICES CAUSE. ! Workers Plan to Spread Strike Throughout District. By the Associated Press. DORTMUND, May 24.—Five persons were killed, including one woman and one child, and from sixty to eighty persons were wounded Tuesday night | in conflicts between striking workmen and the police, according to the casual- ty lists issued by both' the workers and the police. The Dortmund police and citizenry last night were forming a self-pro- tection force against the riotous elements. This force fs being armed with clubs, as firearms are forbidden by the French. The German police say the strikers are organized into units, each of 100 men, and are well supplied with automatic pistols. Many thousand of strikers attended mass meeting in Dortmund, Bochum and other towns in the mining dis- trict and passed resolutions to use every effort to_ extend the strike throughout the Ruhr and the Rhine- and. Tt is estimated that 60,000 men have quit work in the Dortmund district. Most of these are coal miners who went on strike last week, but have been joined in the last few days by workmen from two big iron and steel plants. The strikers are demanding a 50 per cent increase in wages because of the high cost of living and the de- preciation in the value of the mark. Direct action against the rising cost _in living was taken In’two town: Steele and Kay, where so-called Ger- man commissions. of control made the Tounds of stores and markets and compelled dealers to reduce their prices by half or more. Great German U BY GEORGE WITTE. ‘Wireless to The Star and Chicago Daily i News, Copyright, 1923. BERLIN, May 24.—“The communist uprising in Dortmund and Gelsen- s kirchen is merely a dress rehearsal ‘for a forthcoming attempt to declare & soviet republic in Germany.” . This_conviction. is expressed in the Berlin newspaper, Der Tag, which accuses the French of encouraging and assisting the reds. “But,” the paper adds, “Frante should remember that if a reiga of terror and lawless- is established in the Ruhr and other parts of Germany her chances of collécting reparations will be very slight.” The Rote Fahne, organ, publishes a notice today to =il worzlncmen'n councils and . local organizations that “by June 10 all “grge plants, factories and shops must { Fois \ the communist ATHENS, May 24—Premier Gona- | tas, announcing today that the Greek delegation at Lausanne has been or- dered to leave in the event the con- ference declares in favor of indem- nity for Turkey, added that decislon on the question must be made by urday of this week The Greek government, he said, re- serves liberty of action. NO FORMAL SESSION. Allies Seek to Avoid Rupture of Conferénce. By the Associated Press. LAUSANNB. May 24—The allies have abandoned a formal session of the near éast conference probably un- til Saturday in order to seek a set- tlement of the troublesome problems, avold a rupture of the conference and find a solution of the Greco-Turk dif- | forences arising over reparations. An effort is being made to stralghten out the reparations matter by inducing Greece to cede some territory to Tur- key in return for renunclation of an| indemnity. The British delegation has issued 4 long statement reviewing the work | and affirming that much has been ac- complished. It adds that both the allies and Turkey want peace, but “there is no heroic short cut to the end all are seekin, The British statement says that the allles have prepared a new formula for judicial safeguards for foreign- crs in Turkey which they hope will at least afford sion and concludes with an appeal for patience, because the allies are dealing with a new Turkish govern- ment which is intensely sensitive with regard to its sovereign rights. BELGRADE, May 24.—The Greek government, It is reported, has asked the Jugpslav government to state what attitude it will adopt in the event of resumption of hostilities in Thrace. ' The Jugoslav government will make known its viewpoint at an early date. CONSTANTINOPLE, May 23.—It is officially explalned today that de- struction of the bridge across the Maritza river between Adrianople and Karagatch was due to a bolt of lightning having exploded old mines laid at the bridge. It is understood this. explanation has been accepted and the incident is regarded as closed. it e b iy T-2 RETURN DELAYED, Flight From Coast to Capital Be-) gins Tomorrow. SAN DIEGO, Calif, May 24.—The flight from this city to Washington, D. C., scheduled to.begin this morn- ing, by Lleuts. John Macready and Oakley. Kelly..in the. monoplane T-2, has been postponed until. tomorrow. The aviators plan to return to the east coast in a flight of five stops. prising Coming * With Soviet Rule, Press F earsi have organized one or more fighting units of 100 men each.”. This an- nouncement is.in open opposition to the order” ‘issuéd racenll{ by the Prussian government forbldding “the formation of such units. On the Wwhole, the. communists are matic bodles on May #1 to protest to. a basis for discus-) Hostile Faction for Delayed Release of Captives—~Troops Brigand Retreat. , down by the bandits as indispensable | to negotiations and previously ac- cepted by the government. Situation Complieated. “The minister feels, trom various indications, that the matter is now complicated by Chinese polities. The | politiclans were quick to see in the work of the bandits a valuable means for attaining their own purposes. Certaln hostlle factions are using the outrage for the purpose of discredit- ing the Chihli party, the Peking gov- ernment, over which it exercises con- siderable influence, and its leader, Tsao Kun, who has been a hopeful candldate ‘for the presidency. The politicians of the Chihli party are likely to have the Peking govern- ment, as well as the Shantung au- thorities, share with them the re- sponsibility and the blame attaching in the matter. Left to themselves, they would doubtless arrange after prolonged negotiations and com- promises among themselves, and a display of military force, for the sat- isfaction of the bandits and the sav- ing of everybody's face. Fear Starvas The danger is that during the time required for arranging such a solution some of the foreign prisoners on Paotzku might dle of exposure, star- vation or disease. It does not seem probable that the bandits would kill (Continued on Page 2, Column 7.) Wife Who Aided Girl in Triangle During War Weds By the Assoclated Press KANSAS CITY, May 24.—Mrs. Mary Van Trump Warren, who sev- eral months ago helped Miss Nancy Jordan of England past the immi- gration barriers with her little son, Francls, said to be the child of Mr. Warren, was secretly mar- ried here March 18 to Lieut. Thom- as E. Whitehead, according to in- formation made public here today. The couple were reported to be spending their honeymoon in Washington, D. C., and planning to be at home at Fort Myer, Va. after June 1. Mrs. Warren declared that her sympathy was drawn to the younsg woman by her husband. Maj. Frank Warren, later divorced, who had told her, she said, that Mis Jordan had aroused his intere while he was in the A. E. F. Mis: Jordan and her son made their home here for several weeks with’ Mrs, Warre: but later moved to & separate room. 8 Jordan is said to be employ- ed in this city under an assumed name. Declines to Comment. Second Lieut. Thomas E. White- head, 1st Cavalry, stationed at Fort Myer, Va., when informed to- day of the foregoing dispatch, re- fused_to discuss the report, other than to say, in response to a query, that he was “the only man of that name in the Army."” War_Department records show that Lieut. Whitehead was for- merly stationed at Fort Riley, Kan., with the 2d Cavalry, and tha 1 he was transferred to the 1st Cav. -lryunnd ordered to Fort Myer last April. . NUSSIANNOTEFRST TASK FOR BALDWI Reconstruction of Cabinet Discussed at Meeting With Ministers. | By the Associated Press. LONDON, May 24—At Prime Min- ister Baldwin’s first cabinet meeting today Lord Curzon presented the latest note from soviet Russia for consideration. The reconstruction of the ministry ¢ itself was discussed, and so the sub- l’ecl of the relations between Great Britain and Russia received scant at- itention. Congratulations were ex- tended, however, to the secretary for foreign affairs for at last having ob- talned a diplomatic communication { from Moscow which did not -comtain | recriminatory language. There 1is. still discussion - as to whether the soviet concessions meet all the British demands, but it is generally thought ‘that the present | trade relations with Russia and the | disputed questions remaining may . be settled at the conference table. Note Received Favorably. The Russian note is received fa. vorably by the liberal newspaper: which say it concedes Great demands on all the main issues in- volved and removes any ground for even talking of & breach between the two nations. Premier Baldwin has been busy consulting with his colleagues and the political leaders. Four appointments are certain—Marquis Curzon, as for- elgn secretary; the Earl of Derby, war; Col. Sir Samuel J. Hoare, secre- tary of state for air, and Lieut. Col. Leslie Orme Wiison, chiet whip. I i showing much activity. Meetings “to| Apparently, Mr. Baldwin has taken discuss the economic and military | the opportunity of his accession to situation” have been called for the|the premiership to attempt to effect beginning of June and the last week | & Teconciliation of the differing sec- in June has been set aside for raising | tions of his party, and, as-a first step, a “red fighting fund. invited Sir Robert Stevenson Horn Recent increases in the price of |to become chancellor of the = ex- bread, butter, meat, flour and w. chequer. It was supposed Tuesday that ing apparel, following the fall in the | Sir “Robert had" dccepted, but in a value of the paper mark, have caused | speech at Glasgow last Right he sald: renewed discontent, not only among |“For a time, at least, I have turned the communists, but also in the ranks | my back on any prospect of any office of the socialists. The demand that|in my ministry.” _ workers be paid on the old gold mark | Thus, the new premier's first effort basis iz growing and is belng advo- iat reconciliation {aifed. and Mr. Bald- cated by the Vorwaerts and other|win has the difficult task of finding leading newspapers. Within a week |a new chancellor, since it is not likely the price of bread has Fone up 200 | he would care to assume the heav. o cent and -that of meat, potatoes, | task of double: role of premier u‘ utter and-fats 100 per cent. Wages | leader in the house of commons, com- will not go up before June L ined with ‘tire’ chancellorship. « - - P THREATEN BOVCOTT 70 CURB EOUGING OF SHRNE HOSTS Reports That Prices Have Already Advanced Are Being Investigated. INCREASE IS JUSTIFIED, SAY ICE CREAM MAKERS Declare Cost of Manufacture Has Gone Up—Officials Ready for Drastic Action. Charges that a group of Washing- ton restaurateurs and other com- merctal establishments have already embarked upon a campalgn of goug- | ing brought from officials at Shrine | headquarters today a promise of an immediate investigation and the es- tablishment of a boycott upon any | house or organization that attempts/ to exact unfair prices during the rush of Shrine week. Ofcial cognizance was taken by both Shrine officlals and the Mer- chants and Manufacturers' Associa- tion today of persistent reports that certain ice cream deale: bakers and, restaurateurs have already nn-' nounced increases in the price of 4| | I | their commodities ranging from per cent up. Both of these organi- zations inaugurated investigatioas through their proper officers. Ice Cgeam Prices Up. An unofficlal inquiry among ice cream dealers today showed that ice cream prices in Washington have been Increased 20 cents on the gallon in the last week. Deaters explained the increase by increased cost of pro- duction, L. P. Steuart, potentate of Almas Temple, sald today: “Washington cannot permit any unscrupulous mer- chants to take unfair advantage of its guests. They are going to leave $10,000,000 here. In the name of everything that is decent give them their money's worth, at least.” The food committee of Almas Tem- ple had a corps of investigators can- \'nnlnq every taurant in Washing- ton this mornifig, demanding to see their list of prices for Shrine week. Other workers were sent to call upon the bakers and ice cream manufac- turers. Nothing has created more of a sensation around Shrine headquar- ters since it opened than the con- stantly increasing number of reports; concerning prospectlve gouging. Boycott Fayored. Every officlal questioned ~declared himself ready to stand behind a gen- gine boycott upon all articles for which excessive prices are asked. The. Shrine made it plain, in_addi- t that it is well capable of &fi« forcing such & ban, and it was even ;Tuted that every member of the er coming to Washington would be pledged not to touch any article declared “unfair.” By this means, the Shrine committee here assefted, it could make a definite promise that the 400,000 visitors to Washington during the meeting of the Imperial Council will not be asked to pay exorbitant prices for any article—food, clothing or hous- Ing. In this connection it was pointed out that the city’s warehouses have submitted official reports showing that they have on hand right now enough staple foodstuffs to feed ‘Washington and all of its visitors for days. With this information in , the Shrine officials made it plain there could be no excuse for gouging and that none would be brooked. Investigation Ordered. Gen. Anton Stephan, president of the Merchants and Manufacturers’ Assoclation. today directed the secre- tary, Charles J. Columbus, to jmme- diately institute an investigation to determine the truth of reports of gouging here. The investigation will begin immediately and, until the re- port of the facts is in, it will not be determined just what will be done in the matter should any cases be found. Specifically, Gen. Stephan had be- fore him a newspaper clipping from a New York newspaper and sent to it from its Washington bureau, which told of alleged profiteering here. The story sald that people would have to sleep fifteen in a room, that certain classes of business men were smack- ing their lips over the ‘prospective high profits they were planning to make. It has also been callad to President Stephan's “attention that there is absolutely knowledge of at least one firm which has increased the sale price of its product. - Gen..Stephan made it known that | he was wholly out of sympathy with such moves, and expressed regret that articles should be sent over the country announcing profiteering if the facts did not bear them out. 1t is for the purpose of determining the truth of ‘the reports that he has directed a thorough investigation of the matter. Increase Declared Justified. Ico cream manufactured by the Chapin-Sacks corporation 1is selling in Washington today at-the war-time peak price. as a result of an increase of 20 cents a gailon in the wholesale rice. The increase became effectly. ast Saturday, whén notice was serve on the retailers that the cost of the cream would be $1.40 a gallon instead of $1.20. * Retailers in turn raised the price of the cream proportionately. - Some advanced it 5 cents on the quart and others 10 cents. Fifty-fie and 80 cents a quart are the prices prevail- ing at_the stores handling the Chapin-Sacks product. - Arthur A. Chapin, presidefit of the (Continued on Page 12, Column 2 SOLUTION 1S FOUND IN'SHIP RUM RULING New Regulation Expected to Put Crew Ration in Ves- sel Doctor’s Care. Indications were given at the Treasury today that Secretary Mel- lon had found a way for recon- ciling the supreme court's recent prohibition decision with laws requiring ships of their na- tionals to carry liquor as crew rations. The belief was expressed that the regulations necessary to carry out the high court dJecision barring liquor within the territorial waters of the United States would be actually promulgated within a few days. Officials refused to disclose the course which the Treasury ap- peared to have adopted in deoling with the situation developed by the mm‘.b:‘lltlol('find d that th . grou o Tegulati wvide flatly for the PetEing of i Grew rations s such At the three-mile limit, but that the ships would be permitted to place such Iiquor as was required by their home laws under the jurisdiction of the doctor- as for medicinal pur- been no limita- tion fixed as to the amount ships may carry for medicinal purposes. Secre- tary Mellon declined to discuss the new regulations, but it was confirmed elsewhere that government lawyers had been studying the medicinal sec- tions of the Volstead act iIn their search for a means of eliminating probable international conflict. The Secretary probably will talk over the whole question with Presi- dent Harding and Secretary Hughes before the regulations are made pub- lic. He was said today to regard such a conference as necessary that the State Department may be in & position to deal with any protests which may be made by foreign gov. ernment: STILLMAN APPEAL FROM AWARD FAILS Banker Must Pay $7,500 a Month; Flo Leeds Suit Un- filed. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK. May 24—The appel- late division of the supreme court to- day upheld the award of $7,500 a month alimony and $15,000 counsel fees made Mrs. Anne U. Stillman by Justice Morschauser last February. James A. Stillman, former New York banker, had appealed the award as excessive, aftér he had failed in his efforts to win a divorce, naming Fred Beauvais, Indian guide, co- respondent. In his appeal Stillman said he had given Mrs. Stillman $210,833, in addi- tion to fees of $47,600. The appellate division was unanimous .in its action today. Mrs. Flo Leeds, named by Mrs. Still- man as co-respondent, today had not filed suit agalnst the banker, as she had threatened this week after as- serting he had failed to support her child. . ‘While no word was forthcoming di- rect from Mr. Stillman, his friends were quoted as saying he had given Mrs. Leeds $400,000 and that he was quletly waiting to see if she would bring. her threatened suit. S ST T = ‘Washington time. T S score and play by innings. ; sporting and general news. A Base Ball Postscript The games in Boston between tbe Nationals and Boston Red Sox, starting today, will begin at 2:15 p.m., Within l' few minutes after the last man is out, The Star will issue a “Base Ball Postscript,” with the box The regular 5:30 edition of The Star will contain a full story of the game, other scores and last-minute foreign | in order By Supper at 'wenty pupils of McKinley High School are. known to be ill, with the list rapidly growing, following a sup- per at the high school last night fol- lowing the cadet competitive drill. After a preliminary investigation today Health Officer Willlam C. Fow- ler said the jnformation reaching him is to thte effect that those stricken show all the symptoms of ptomaine poisoning. Dr. Joseph Murphy and Or. R. R. Ashworth of the health department were dispatched to the high school this morning as soon as word of the Niness was received. The health de. partment physicians gathered samnles of what remained of the menu and broughtt them to the health depart- ment laboratory, where Dr. T. M. Price, chemist, will analyze the speci- mens. The bill of fare consisted of creamed chicken, peas, potato salad, biscuits. ice cream and pie. Dr. Murphy, while at the school this mornin, obtained a list of twenty participants who were slight- 25 AUTOS CAPTURED . INBOOTLEG DRIVE Specjal Force of Dry Agents Meets With Success in Clean-Up. To scotch the work of the boot- legger hoping to profit by the Shrine convention, Prohibition Commissioner Haynes announced today “an espe- cially organized and equipped” force had already met with “signal succes: The announcement was the first official information that the govern- ment's dry enforcement agency had been augmented to prepare for the Shrine convention, and pointed out that since the first of the month twenty-six automobiles had been seized on various highways leading into Washington. The machines, it was sald. “were found to be trans- porting liquor from Baltimore and southern Maryland.” Eight Seized One Night. “On one night this week,” said the formal statement from prohibition headquarters, “as many as eight au- tomobiles were seized. At another time four were selzed, and on the |preceding day three automobiles were seized. These cars are now in cus- tody, and when the defendants plead gullty or are convicted the cars will be forfeited to the government and later sold. During the last week one team of mules, wagon and harness; one motor cycle with sidecar and seventeen automobiles were turned over to the United States marshal. “Twenty two arrests have been made of persons who weré with the cars at the time of seizure. Within the past few days 733 gallons of liquor and seven cases of beer have been confiscated. Practically all of the liquor selzed was of the usual poor. moonshine quality. Smoke-Screen Devices Cllw The statement from prohibition headquarters today did not give the size of the special force which has been augmented here to stop the bootlegger to,the convention. Nefther was the Shrine convention mentioned by _name. ° Two smoke-screen contrivances used by bootleggers’ cars to make their getaway were captured during the week’s drive, the statement to- day explained. “The unique con- trivance,” it was sald, “has been used by some .of the rumrunners’ cars cently on the Leonardtown, Baltimor and Columbia_plkes.” ASK '$25,000 INDEMNITY. PEKING, ~May ' 24.—The = American legation has transmitted to the for- elgn office a demand for $25,000 as d ity for the death of Charles SEmadesar i n ne: c:mhcr 11,1922, in an alleged pute over” ‘oxport of allver. ¢ St - 20 Students Believed Poisoned McKinley High Health Department Suspects Ptomaine in Food Served After Cadet Drill. Inquiry Is Continuing. 1y 11l at the buildpg today. He has not yet been able to compile a list of the number who were unable to report for class today. Some of the puplls and teachers were just beginning to feel {ll this afternoon. Some of those who ate supper were taken sick at midnight and others reported that they awoke duripg the night feeling badl: A ing to Dr. Fowler, include cramps, dizzine: fever. Dr. Fowler, at noon today directed Dr. Boeteler, assistant health officer to complle a complete list of those and to make a detalled Investigation to find out just which kinds of food were eaten by each victim. ing to Dr. Murphy, the di ner was served in the school "ecal teria, at 7th and Rhode Island ave- nue, and wag under the management of the persons who serve the regular daily luncheons there. Dr. Murphy said the peas used st the dinneér were canned. The chicken is believed to have been freshly-killed fowl and the potato salad, it is said, was made yes- terday morning. Dr. Fowler said today that he would not attempt to say what caused the fllness until his men have made a more careful inquiry. GEARE LOSES POINT IN THEATER SUIT Court Overrules Demurrer, Holding Transfer Did Not Relieve Responsibility. ptoms chills and Justice Hoehling of the District Supreme Court today overruled a de- murrer by Reginald W. Geare, archi- tect of the Knickerbocker Theater, to a suit to recover $10,000 damages brought against him and others con- nected with the construction of the building by Guy Sturgis for the death of Victor M. Sturgls, one of the vic- tims of the disaster. Mr. Geare con- tended that any negligence by him | was not the proximate cause of the death of the victim and that recov- ery must be had from the Knicker- bocker Theater Company, which was operating the playhouse and invited the deceased to attend the show. The court finds that the architect had a continuing responsibility, it it can be shown he was the author of the original wrong. The transfer of the premises with the original wrong still existing may be treated, the court thinks, as afirming the con- tinuance of it. In support of his views Justice Hoehling cites the de- cision of the Court of Appeals hold- ing the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Rallroad Company lia- ble for. the falling of the sidewalk over Unlon station tunnel, although after constructing the tunnel the com- pany turned over its operation to the ‘Washington Terminal Company. It a defectively and negligently constructed tunnel” says Justice Hoehling, “may properly be regard- ed as a nuilsance it would seem not unreasonable to apply the same doc- tripe to a detectively constructed theater building; so, too, if one who defectively and negligently con- structs a tunnel which brings about a depression of street rallroad tracks on the surface overhead is liable for damage which resul! ter the com- letion of the tunnel eing operated by its owner, sound reason is there for denying like responsibility and Mability when Net Circulation, 93,541 TWO CENTS. PRESIDENT PLEADS NATION REVERT 10 AINS OF FOUNDERS Says Rededication to Con- stitution Would Give Dom- inating Interest. BETTER CITIZENSHIP BODY OPENS SESSIONS Noted Speakers Address Inaugural Meeting of National Ameri- can Council. President Harding today pleaded for a rededication of the American people to the aims and purposes of thelr government set forth in the preamble of the Constitution, in a address today at the opening session of the third annual meeting of the National American Council in Memo- rial Continental Hall. Such rededication, the President said, would furnish to the nation “a commanding and dominating national interest,” which, he added, had beer lacking since the end of the world war. Need Such Imterest. “We need to find such a command- ing and dominating interest,” he said nd I belleve it would be found if we could contrive means to set be- fore all the people the full meaning and implication of that simple state- ment about the aims and purposes of our government, which is contained in the preamble of the Constitution. In that preamble the fatners of the | United States set forth the objective {of this great democracy: ‘We, the neo{la of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, estab- lish justice, insure domestic tranquii- ity, provide for the common defense. promote the general welfare and se- cure the blessings of liberty to ous- selves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.’ " The National American Council, an organization formed to encourage better citizenship, through its con- stituent membership, represents ap- proximately 20,000,000 of Americans. The morning session of the council was dcvoteG in large part to a die- cussion of what the federal goverr.- ment, through itc agencies is dolig to picmote -itizenship. The speak- ers, hesldes the President, were Gen. John J. Pershing, who discussed “The Citizen Army”; J. J. Tigert, United States commissioner of education, “The Federal Council of Citizenshin Training,” and Dr. C. R. Mann, chair- man, advisory beard, -general stafi “The Community Score Card.” Mra. Cook Speaks. An address of welcome to the coun- cil was made by Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cooke, president general of the Daughters of the American Revolu- tion, In whose hall the meeting was held. Mrs. Cooke cxpressed the in- terest which the soclety she repre- sents has in the cause of better citi- zenship and patriotic effort and pledged the organization to aid in the development desired. The speakers were introduced by Frank A. Vanderlip, president of the national council. The beautiful hall of the Daughters of the Americ Revolution was filled with the dele gates representing hundreds of or- ganizations. Deplores Semtiment. The President deplored the fre- quency with which it is observea nowadays that “democracy is on trial” He admitted that many in- stitutions set up to realize the alms of democracy are on trial, however. and that the conduct of many people who profess devotion to democratic institutions is also on trial. “But all this,” he sald, “may be ad- mitted without implying that any im- portant part of society is seeking an alternative to democracy. There is much questioning of ways and meana and {nstitutions, but as to the funda- mentals it certainly can be said tha never was our country more firm committed to the broad ideals and purposes of democracy, and never before were so many other countries and peoples seeking to establish like commitments. “Humanity has never faced a mors complex or difficult situation, and ft is, therefore, of first importance thai all Americans be brought to under: stand the underlying puroses of this. commonwealth. Duty of Citisens. “The success of our present plan of national defense,” said Gen. Per- shin addressing the council, ‘“‘de- pends upon the attitudes and char- acterfatics of our citizens. The War Department is, therefore, of necossity interested in the quality of our cit- izenship. But because of the manner in which our government is con- structed, the War Department can and should have no active contro! or direction of the general education of citizens. In harmony with our in- stitutions all training for national service and all service are voluntary and should remain so. Therefore, the strength of the nation can be in- creased and its institutions protected and developed only as the citizens themselves undertake to accomplish these ends of their own free will. The fundamental requirements for such national strength are sound and lealthy minds and bodies, intelligent participation In public affairs and a determination to support our institu- tions and to serve for the good of the commonwealth. “It thus appears that the War De- partment's activities in education consist_in -showing civilian agencies what the major problems in develop- ing upstanding citizenship are. and in defining those problems specifically by means of the information and data that were gathered during the war. It is our belief that this power of studying the objectives of education. of recording the curatel then of devising 5 and m | (Continued on Page 2, Column 2.) Nationals in Boston Today ' At Boston— WASHINGTON. Rzt - Bomm (Continued on Page 2, Column 2.) 8 9% R H E.. 6 7 an gosToN....... M B A ODWENEE— — — Batteries—Zachary and Gharrity; Ferguson and Piclnich. Mk %el @ Bk