Evening Star Newspaper, March 18, 1923, Page 41

BELGIUM’S FIRM STAND BALKS FRENCH POLICY Permanent Ruhr Occupa-lion and For- saking Allies in Settlements Barred. Cause of Peace Aided. BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. a certain August day in 1914 Belgium antipathy to ex- emplification of ruthless na- tionalistic ego took form in flerce military effort at Liege. The Germans were forced to tarry in pro- posed conquest. Though today the situation is dif- ferent, though new conditions temper the whole situation, nevertheless Bel- gium again has turned to “champion the right, even in the face of possible estrangement of a war-time ally. Apparently Belgium's courage, sung In war-time story and endeavor, again has won a tremendous victory. Through Belgium's stand there yet remains hope of adjusting the com- plex European situation and emerg- ing from the morasg caused by occu- pation of the Ruhr. There can be little question but that the stand of Premicr Theunis and Foreign Minister Jaspar in the con- feronce at Brussels with Premier Poincare may be fixed as a mle- stone on_the road to the readjust- ment of Luropean conditions. Poincare Visit to Brussels. Premicr Poincare went to Brussels ostensibly to strengthen plans for the enforcement of military edicts to compel capitulation by the Ger- mahs—capitulation leading to com- pliance to the allied demands of 132.- 000,000.000 of gold marks as laid down the first London conference tol- lowing the treaty of Versailles, when was seen plainly that an adjust- ment was necessary. In the application of force to com- npel Germany's capitulation Paincare met hearty support, for Belgium still must fight for the priority payment of 800,000,000 marks granted to her in the way of reparations for the hideous scars left by Germanic armies. Belgium is committed to the French by varlous agreements subse- quent to the treaty of Versaille Though there is apparent apathy 1 Belgium regarding the Ruhr adven- ture, there nevertheless is the feel- ing that it is better that Belgium be represented in efforts to compel Ger- manic payme: Thus they will tn- sure prio ims rather than per- it France to carry out the project ignore th claims of other allies. ‘There also ‘s keen delight In impress ng upon Germans the fact that by ar. a thing whieh ! realized in Ger- st never recognized. But ording to rellable ad- reaching Washington, at all times has been dubious of possible results of the Ruhr selzure. and these doubts have not been mitigated by three months' effort which has failed to obtain sums and reparations de- sired. However, Belgium will con- tinue at the side of France until there s _some settiement. But in discussing th tlement and future co: sense justice again rore. even to the po Poincare to heated anger outhreaks in the Brussels cnce. terms of set rses Belgium' came to the ndflerce conrer- Opposes Permanent Tenure. Though willing to make Germany pay, Belgium is not ready to sce permanent allied tenure of the Rhine- land and the Ruhr. Notwithstanding the effort of cer- French apologists to iusist that purpose mever has been in th minds of the French. it is an estab- Hshed fact that the French, even from the days when France was Gaul and a province of the Roman empire, there ever has been the thought that safety for Gaul and France lay in retention and control of territorie: now known as the Rhineland and the hr. Even in the days of the Ro- mans thelr advance protective pos ay at Coblenz. Mayence and Cologne. Through the centuries that have alupsed wars have been fought, with the Rhineland ever the goal in the mind of the Frenci. Napoleon epeniy espoused Trench retent of this belleving greit- e divis the <ituation d abetted by the French tor- ign offi Always the Frej at ‘h have looked to the Rhineland as a needed bulwark against Germanic aggression. It was not surprising. then, that both Lloyd George and President Wilson were forced in long hours of debate to esist_the thesis of Clemenceau that he French shouid occupy perma- nently, the Rhineland and annex for- coal mine region. French officials have admitted to me openly that France eventually must have the Rhineland and the Ruhr to £ilfl] age-old aspirations. ¥French Policy Old One. To those who have witnessed first | hand the development of the French foreign policy ended, it is not surprising that when Premier Theunis insisted that there be withdrawal of the allied forces| from the Ruhr in proportion to the payments Germany is expected to meet by future agreements. Poin- care should grow angry. [t was 1t of stirring | since the world war upon promises vasion of the looking toward in- Rhineland and_Ruhr, with understandings that France might thereby gain territorial ex- pansion, that he gained his present exalted position after Briand was overthrown. Compliance with Bel- glan demands was heralded as a sign that France never had looked to per- manent occupation. This was but a smoke screen to prevent the world fr, discerning French defeat. ot only’ did Belglum, seeing the prospect of future wars through per- manent retention of the Rhur, insist that there be withdrawal as Ger- many pald, but Belgium insisted that the future courses of the allies should be in compliance with the treaty of Versailles in so far as pos- sible. The French again were forced to capitulate in the face of recent reports that they were ready to re- nounce the terms of the treaty and even go so far as_to exclude other co-treaty makers, England, Italy and the United States, from participating in proposed conferences between Bel- glum, France and Germany and look- ing to final settlemént. England naturally resented the inference that she was to be excluded, and Belgium, remembering that England is as much_a_ protector as is France, and that Belgian commerce and trade is bound up much with England's pros- perity, insisted that when there be some move on the part of Germany looking toward settlement the other aliies be consulted. Sessfon = Heated One. The session of the premiers.gyas even more heated than press dis- patches have indicated, according to reports which have reached Washing- ton, but Poincare returned to Paris with the assurance that the Belgians would stand with France on im- mediate coercive measures until Ger- many is forced to accede to a Te- sumption of adequate payments. But it may be truthfully said that Bel- | klum sounded a death knell to French hopes of permanently occupying the Rhineland and the Ruhr. The whole Ruhr situation is fast reaching a point where there must be some rapid strides toward settle- ment. else there may be incidents and consequent reprisals which may in- gulf Europe in war before they have ended. Cuno realizes it. So does Poincare. So does Theunis. Germany refuses to make tenders to France, inasmuch as Cuno would be overthrown by the very force of national patriotism builded falong the theory of resistance to the fend. Poincare insists that Germany approach France, so that a of French pride may be saved, even though Ruhr collections have failed I in themselves. Theunls is desirous of Germany making some move upon which Belgium's future courses can be determined in concert with other i England, according to reports, has | been approached indirectly by Ger- ! man emissaries to determine whether { or not England wouid attempt medis- 1t the Ruhr dificulties. Ger- said to have prepared a | set of terms more in acordance with | allied stipulations at the last Paris peace conference, but does not want t them only to meet rebuff. It Engl could ~ bring about a general allied conference, a thing so {far resemted by the French, without | alienating Paris, it is believed that some settlement could be reached along the line by compromise. Eng- tland might join with European neutral countries in some effort to | end the impasse, Lut it is declared !in London_ that co-ordinated action | with the United States the best | course, If 1t can be brought about. i When the Germans sent emissaries { to Paris previous to the Ruhr mo ment by the French and the Belg they earried proposals guaranteeing payvments to the allles of about 900,000,000 gold marks in addition to payments aiready made, but this was deemed unsatisfactory by Poin- |care. Bonar Law is declared to have broached 50,000,600.000 as a falr figure {for Germany to pay under the cir- | cumstances prevailing. Though this |sum was far short of what Polncare {believed Germany _should pay, he | consented with qualification is ! belleved that if the German govern- ment hould (Bl today, ce’s future ia, ith guarantees of security through cer- it would be accepted { particularly if the proffered repara- tion payments were underwritte both the German government and the industrialists, who the French ar prone to blame for past remissness in reparations. But unless fermany does make this move there is little chance of 'settling the whole vexa- tious question in the immediate future. Neutral countries of Europe as well as those nations directly involved in the Ruhr venture are more and more | feeling the evil effects of prolonged economic paralysis of the Ruhr region, and with restlessness general, it is believed that hour has about arrived when Germany will act, and igh with relief and sa. set's treat.” " | "One thing is certain. Germany | never will escape her responsibilities for the world war completely. But Germany undoubtedly will escape what she dreads more, economic and financial paralysis through prolonged tenure of Germanic territories by the allies. A compromise is possible, and Tay be expected within the next few weeks. | when all will ineers Name National Committee To Help Reorganize the: Government To aid President Harding in his Iplans for government reorganization, the Federated American Engineering | New Yurk‘ [Societies announced in [yesterday the appointment of a na- tional committee headed by J. Parke Channing of New York. The vice chairman is Philip N. Moore of Louis, former chairman of the war minerals relief commission. This action of the engineers, planned s 2 constructive step toward mak- ng over the Department of the In- erior, characterized as “Uncle Sam's waste basket,” follows the report to ‘ongress of the committee on reor- anization of government departments fith the unanimous recommendation of the President and the cabinet. “The item in the report which en- neers welcome with most pleasure [ the establishment of a national ision of public works as one of the ywo divivions of the Department of he Interior,” said Mr. Moore, a past resident of the American Institute of ining and Metallurgical Engineers. “The proposed plan covers almost very point which has been urged by he Federated American Engineering Kocteties, its predecessor, the Engi- ecring Council of war days, and the Vational Department of Public Works asociation. This is a recognition in he very nighest centers of the cor- ectness of the engineers' recommen- ations, and a justification of their [campaign initiatel more than four [years ago. “Tne practical agreement of the [President and the cabinet upon the Intan is most satisfactory to engineers. n fact, we believe but for the vigor- us campaign started in 1919, it is uestionable whether the necessity 'or Teorganization of government de- Joartments would have been noted at 11 by those in authority. “hile it is incapable of accurate proof, internal -evidence points to the fact that the ecngincerst agitation called attention to the many dupli- cations in government service, and that this wag the inciting element { which focused the efforts of legis- ators and the President upon the sub- | ject. We believe we can claim it as | one of the results of engineering or- .| ganization The new body, officially styled the | committee on government reorgani- |aution as it relates to engineering matters, is, it was explained, non- partisan, aiming only to place at the disposal’ of the nation the services of organized engineering in the s0- {lution of problems falling within en- gineering knowledge and experienc The members of the commlittee, which is designed to be permanen: represent natlonal and local engineer- ing socleties in all sectlons of the country as .well as universities and |industrial enterprises. They includ | sArthur M. Greene, jr., dean of the |School of ~ Engincering, _Princeton | University: Gano Dunn, New York, | past president of the Amerlcan So- | elety of Electrical Engineers. former head of the Engineering Foundation and trustee of Barnard Colleg Francis Blossom, New York, leader in the movement to establish a-na- tlonal_department of public works; Max Toltz, St. Paul, Minn., former manager of the American Soclety ‘of Mechanical Engineers; E. H. Essel- I styn. Detroit; 1. E. Moultrop, Boston; W..B. Poweli, Buffalo; W. I. Rolfe, St. Louis; Lloyd B. Smith, Topeka. | Kan.; O. H. Koch, Dallas, Tex.: J. H. | Herron_Cleveland; Hunter McDonald, Nashviile, Tenn.; H. O. Garman, In- dianapolis; Lloyd A. Canfield, Des Molnes, lowa; J. V. W. Reynders, New York; Charles G. Adsit, Atlanta; C. W. Goodale, Butte, Mont; Fred R. Low, New York; C. F. Riche, Chicag: J. F..Coleman, New Orleans; C. D, Bond, York, Pa, and Paul Wright, Birmingham, Ala; - © ‘- ¢ H direct measure { ‘ offer 50,000,000,000 gold | ernment | l l THE EY HENRY W. BUNN. HE followirg is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended March 1 The British Empire—Sir Samuel ~Hoare, British secretary of state for air, told the commons on the 14th of how greatly Great Britain is being outstripped by France in the air. Britain, he said, has only 371 first-line airplanes, as against 1,260 French. Last year 200 semi-military; machines were manufac- tured in Britain, as against 3,300 in France. Jle added that two-thirds of the British ma- chines were abroad. while all the French machines were in France. He concluded by the statement that in 1925 France would have 2,187 military planes and Britain only 675; that is, according to present plans. Seven more Irish irregulars were executed on March 13, making a total of sixty-three executions by the free state government. L A Germany—On the night of March 10. on a country road near the town of Buer, in the Recklinghausen district, @ French patrol came upon the dead bodles of a second lieutenant of the Chasseurs Alpins and of the French civilian stationruaster of Buer. They had been shot in the back by revolvers. Buer was @t once placed under strictest mar- {ial law. The burgomaster, the assistant bur- gomaster, the chief of police and two other prominent citizens of Buer were locked up as hostages, and the municipality was ordered, under threat of heavy penalties, to find the assassins and turn them over to the oceupying authorities. The French oflicer commanding in the Recklinghausen district proclaimed that should another assassination occur in that district the five Buer hostages would be shot at once. , On _the night of the 11th, at Buer, a small detachment of French gendarmes arrested u former member of the security police and 2nother German suspected of the murders of the previous night, and took them to a guard- house. - The following is the French account of what ensued: A considerable crowd had gathered about the zuardhouse and, as the prisoners reached its doorway, they leaped into the crowd, hop- ing to escape under its cover. But the gen- darmes were too quick. and shot and killed them. The poilus within the guardhonse emerged and tried to force back the mob which surged against them, but they were almost swept off their feet. The sergeant in command gave orders to fire over the heads SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. road in the Essen district were blown up by dynamite. On the same date three attempts were made in the Aix-La-Chappelle district to wreck trains. On the 14th a section of track near Essen was destroyed by high explosive. In the railroad yards at Recklinghausen on the 14th twio Germans, attempting sabotage and not halting when challenged, were shot dead by French sentries. On the 16th there were three sabotage outrages. In one case a bomb was hurled with the object of wrecking an important section of railroad track, but it fell short and did no serious damage. In another case a bomb was exploded under a small rail- road bridge and wrecked it. In the third case switches were tampered with near Treves, with the result that a treop train colilded with an empty freight train, and one soldier was killed and six were badiy injured. So much damage has been done recently on the telegraph.and telephone systems that sub- stitution of field mervice operation over con- slderable stretches has been found necessary. The penalty for sabotage on railroads is death; on telegraph and telephone lipes, life im- prisonment. It is reported that the French have seized as hostages a_considerable number of German officials—chiefly burgomasters and other municipal Likwigs—and are placing one or more of these persons on every locomotive pIying in a district where sabotage has been committed on the railways. The French believe that members of secret nationalist societies have inspired, if they did not themselves commit, most of the acts of violence and sabotage, The French, there- fore are making vigorous efforts.to round up nationalists agitators in the occupied territory. I thought it well to discuss in some detail the above interesting developments, with the result that I am compelled to postpone to next week discussion of other developments. I must omit to tell here of the new policy of requisitioning ¢ at pithead coke at the ovens. the results of which ried out on the grand le will be awaited with keen interest; of the increase of unem- yment, hoth in occup 1 in unoccupied Germany., and its consequences: of ho spite brave statements by the government, the shoe is pinching harder and harder in unoc- cupied Germany. due chiefly to the Ruhr em- bargo: of the singular devisings of rman high finance and. in that connection, of how things are not always what they seem: of the resolution taken by 100,000 metal workers in Berlin to strike fo higher wages—only one of many signs, it is said, portending an acute economic_crisis; of the feelers which rumor alleges tP~t .ue Berlin government has put out looking to megotiations with Franc Belgium, despite official disclaimers o weakening of the German position: of tendency of British opinion in parliament at large regarding the Ruhr business; much else. T shall end by ren rking with gard to the developments recited above (Le. violenes and sabotuge) that one should hesi to cor clude that they attitude of the populaion MARCH 18, 1923—PART The Story the Week Has Told genlus of Caesar, the virtus of Brutus, the cullninxbof Talleyrand, and what not else to sent to bo abolished, those draggle-tailed mobs known as the armies of the tuchuns would refuse to be abolished without their arrears of pay. And there's no one to find the money. The Peking government, recelving nothing from the provinces, has no money, and the tuchuns have barely enough to line their own pockets and partly pay current expenses. And as things are, Peking can’t borrow what is needful.” Perhaps, {f the money could be found, Wu Pel Fu might undertake to abolish the tuchuns. = But whether honestly proposing what he concelves the best thing in the cir- cumstances or turned cinic by celestial ex- perience, Wu Pef Fu says to President Li Yuan Hung. “It's not possible to sack the lot. But if you'll let me have the nomination of some £00d men to replace the worst of the lot, I'll see to that” To which Li Yuan Hung very properly replies: N “Not ‘while 1 am president. What vou pro- pose is to play the dictator.” So there you are. The cabinet has resigned. Nobody seems really to know how Wu Pei Fu or his powerful fel- low super-tuchun, that slippery old tory, Tsao iKun, his present side partner, is disposed; no- body¥ knows what Chang Tso Lin has up his slecve, Nobody can discern rhyme or reason in the doings at Canton. Everything is at sixes and sevens, China, indeed, séems to have re- verted to ®he chaotic condition of the last days of the Chous. Oh, for another Shi Hwang % ok kK United States of American—It is expected ZR-1, the Navy rigid dirigible now under cou- structfon at Lakehurst, N. J., will be placed in commission in the course of the coming sum- mer. It is proposed, ‘tis said, to send her around the world and on flights to the north and the south pole. Another rigid airship, the ZR-3. is being built in Germany for our Navy. These two ships will, Navy officials hope, be the forerunners of a large fleet to he con- structed in the near future. The National Automobile Chamber of Comi- merce estimates that more than 2,500,000 au- tomobiles were manufactured in the United States during 1922, and predicts that a still, greater number will be manufactured during 1922, In New York state alons there are more than 1,000,000. Of these 300,000 are in New York city; that is 250,000 more than there should be, the comfort and safety of pedes- trians considered. But where does the money come from? During the vear 1922 less than one-third of r overseas cargoes were carried b jean shipping; privately owned American ves- sels carried only 7.7 per cent. Just what was the falling off from the 1821 record is not clear, but it was considerable, The national mittee for the prevention of blindness reports that since the Volstead act went into effect it has received reports of 915 deaths and 198 cases of blindnees re- of the mob and finally, the latter continuing to press forward menacingly, gave the com- Five Germans fell dead and thirteen wounded and the mob fied The Berlin government sent to Paris a sharp against the measures mand to fire into it. note of protest by the- French murders. in Promptly u tions ‘the German propaganda the charge that French assassins. but the inherent lethal bullets were fired from wherewith the security police Tt is to be noted that sundry zssassination had previously for the wounding of one sentinel. But the above was by no means the onlv untoward incident of the week. On the night French soldiers were at- Germans and s wounded: on fhe other hand and two wers has sabotage it has tuken on a mora of the tenth, three iacked at Dortmund by one of them w ene of the Germans was wounded. Not only but along the raflway sinister Character. armed killed ©On the night of the 12th two sections of ruil consequence of the - And, indeed, 10 an outsider. at fi blush, the order respecting the hostages seems unwise: but. on reflection, one is not so sure pon the heels of those assassina- machi - lished (with a fat wallet of alleged (Cs’;rmp\lh soldiers improbability the thing apart, it has been Proved that the speclal weapon were armed. attempts at been shooting from a distance without eftect; except “Turkey—The Turk allies proposing resump! ference embodies coun economic und respecti The note proposes that settled separs tw ‘Turkey: that. if t reach agrecment, the the league of nations taken first q China—The is making aggeration, the republic tuchuns, inces. refuse to be w the HY what might be called oceidental made by abo lic. not properly k American would rec Tuchuns would let then there wouldn't b would be abolished ips But, ax I observed th abolished and Wu Pei of for u spa s the and w sort of ese F he is. but it wo; increased president, the military governors of the prov the tuchuns remain, well d take sulting from wood alcohol poisoning The suicide rate in the United States during 19227 was 15.7 per 100,000 population, ax against tion of the peuce con- - y 124 in 1921, iter proposals, chiefly ng the capitulations the Mosul question Le een Great Britain and fail within a_year to ucstion be referred to * % x Miscellaneous—Americal® coke is arriving in France. It will, if report is correct, soon be arriving in sufficient quantities to enable ti French blast furances which had shut down owing to cessation of shipments from the Ruhr to resume operations. American coke cheaper than British coke. Barcelona has gone back to its fornier chief ~port, that of assassination, syndicalists this time being the victims. There iz talk fascismo movement in Spain to deal with the extreme radicals The_German mercantile marine, reduced hy the Versailles treaty to 400,000 tons, wi reach two and a half million tons by the end is vear. 5 # Yuan 13 impro Hung er ex keep the without heroic style going. to But lished, and so long as China isn't a repub- ing. not so good e it as such.1r 1 armies be dicbanded, v tuchuns; they o facto. e tuchuns refuse to Fu, whom we thought strong man of China irutus to boot (mavhe combination of the e serious relapse —apo- 3 <. MOr2over. u ry that Troksky incurably ill of som dominal troubl with the situation in China). apparen < that they can't be abolished at prese t. even supposing the tuchuns would con e ie World to Join the Dutch in Celebrating Silver Jubilee of Wilhelmine’s Reign BY FREDERICA CUNCLIFFE- OWEN, C. B. E. OLLAND is busily engaged in organizing the popular festiv- ities and the natlonal rejoic- ings that are to signalize the celebration. August! 18 next, of th silver jubilee of the Queen Willielmine of the reins of gov- On that day 11 have clapsed sin woman of a century e this emerged level-headed ‘lhood on attaining remark: from bY (her eighteenth birthday. and took over |or with regard to Duteh Guia assumption by | seizure by just a quarter |orient b from her mother. the Dowager Queen | Emma, the duties of rulership which the latter had exercised with so much swisdom during the minority of her only child. So that, although Wilhelmine syc- ceeded her father on the throne in 1890—that is to say, thirty-three vears ago when she was a child of ten—it is only twenty-five years since she has actually wielded the scepter and directed the destinies of her kingdom. * x * They have been very eventful vears —vears of terrible menace to the na- tional existence of the Netherlands, and it is because Queen Wilhelmine has brought her people safely through all the dangers by which they were beset. with increased prosperity, pres- tige and international respect, that the Dutch in all parts of the world are preparing tributes of gratitude and affectiom that are to be offered to her in August next. Indeed, the policy which the queen pursued. especlally throughout the four years of the great war, and throughout its still more critical aftermath, has been so admirable and has meant so much to most foreign nations that they are all taking steps to participate in the pop- ular fetes in Holland, and in a tribute to her queen by means of the dispatch of special embassies to The Hague for the occasion. Great Britain will be represented at the silver jubilee of the queen by the Royal Duke of York and by his bride, Italy by her young crown prince, Spain by King Alfonso’s brother-in-law, the Infante Don Carlos and his French wife, the Infante Louise; France by one or an- other of her marshals who are today her highest permanent dignitaries of state, and this country by some man of distinction enjoying the confidence of the administration and possessed of the necessary tact and experience of diplomatic usage, * ¥ k% Until the great war Holland was in dread of two perils which were to many of her citizens a source of such continual apprehension as to have constituted a positive nightmare. acerpe to Holland in an economic and political sense if the Netherlands were embraced in the zollverein or customs’ unfon of Germany, insisting moreover, that as a federal state of | the refch Holland would be safe from | any possible absorption of her West! Indian colonies by the United tes. | from the and th the far were ali| an or fro Sumatra in Venezuel test of Java, Dutch posse the Japan edited with eve upon veloped and h 3 conq other keeping wealth, d Queen W It cannot be denied that before the! great war there was a certain element ) in Holland which lent ear to the urg-! ings of Emperor William and of his| agents and who really believed that their possessions would be safer if covered by the German flag. But the bulk of the people, their leading statesfen. and, above all, their queen, were more level-headed and showed a greater degree of that sober com mon sense and caution for which the Hollanders have at all times been celebrated at home and abroad, and which are so largely responsible for their almost invariable prosperity. They were perfectly aware that there was some foundation for the kaiser's warnings as to the dangers by th‘g the Netherlands were threatened. They appreciated. however, the fact that while these perils were problematical| and might be long deferred, and ulti- mately averted, their entire independ. ence, political and economic—that inde. pendence which they had won by such heavy and protracted fighting at the cost of so much patriotic life and treas- ure—would be irreparably lost if they accepted Germany's protection by join- ing the confederation of her empire.. It was the loss of their economic in- dependence that they _apprehended above everything, since they could not see how it was possible to reconcile their principles of free trade with the protection and high tariff policles to which Germany stood committed. And, £0 they held back and rejected the pro- posals’ from Berlin, no matter how tempting and _insidious the form in which they were couched—and rejected them still more_stubbornly when they, on the eve of the great war, began to assume the shape of positive threats. Had they then yielded Holland would have been involved as an integral part of the German gmpire in the great war, would have shared her disasters and the loss of her colonies, which as far as those in the Orient are concerned would inevitably have been taken over by Ja- pan, then employed as one of the powers of_the entente in keeping the east Pa- cific and the Indian ocean free from German activities. R Throughout the varying fortunes of the great war Holland, when confronted with direct threats of Teuton invasion Germarfy made no secret whatsoever|and with the fate of Belgium, unless of her determination to. bring .the Netherlands, and particularly the colonial dependencies of Holland, un- der the imperial flag, first as one of the score of federal states comprised in the Teuton empire, with a view to their subsequent complete German- izatlon. In faot, before the great War maps were ld everywhere In the kaiser's dominfons showing Hol- land, as well as her overseas posses- slons in the East and West Indies, a3 forming part and parcel of the ém- pire, and even the schosl atlasses used In teaching the young had their plates colored in such a fashion as o convey this impression. Emperor Willlam was never tired of pointing out to Queen Wilhelmine, to her /mother and.to all the leading Dutch- men with whom he was brought into But, contact the advantage which “would many a Holl‘n’floh *hat other peril— she espoused the German cause, contin- ued to resist the kaiser’s demands, and not only mobilized her entire army for the defense of her frontlers against any German aggression, but also took steps for placing almost the whole country under water by opening the slulcd gates d cutting the dams with which the kingdom is criss-crossed in every direc- tion. With the armistice of November, 1918, the danger of German invasion and | of any attempt by the kaiser to trans- fer the scene of his military and naval operations against Great Britain to the Netherlands was ended by his own de- thronement and by the complete mili- tary and naval collapse of the central powers. V there remained in the eyes of | the namely, the one threatening Dutch rule in' the East Indies—the loss of which would have meant far more to the Netherlands than the loss of the entire empire of India, with its 300,- 900,000 population, would mean to Great Britain. Now, however, through the statecraft and diplomacy’ of Jonk- iieer van Karnebeek. to whom Queen Wilheln €0 wisely intrusted the management of the forelgn affairs of | kaiser. Indeed, today all E g hier Kingdom come six years ago, the | America wre mratota) o Gneepeii safety of her coionial possessions in|helmina and to her foreign minister the far cast, is definitely guaranteed | for the sturdy stand which they took “nd assured. and the Dutch can now |in the matter R »p on both cars without apprehen- w % o disturbance by any of Y Edlasuniie Queen Wilbelmina has, therefore since the termination of her minority, in 1895, guided the Netherlands through two great wars, in both of which Holland was intimately con- cerned, although not as a combatant. The first one was the British war in South Africa, where Dutch sentiment was to such an extent with the Boers on racial grounds as to lead to a very stralned and even at the moment alarming situation between The Hague and London. The other was the great war of 1914, in which tha large majority of the Dutch people were for the allies, and a small but inftuentlal minority’ for the Germans, To preserve these conflicting elements in the Netherlands from breaches of neutrality in favor of one side or the other was no easy task. Particularly with the overwhelming temptations which existed to derive material profit by such violations of neutrality. Yet Queen Wilhelmina ruled so wisely through it all. safeguarding her peo- ple from. all harm and from all re- proach, that today no one quite knows what have been her feelings with regard to_the participants in the great war. The only thing that everybody knows for sure is that she Is patriotically, unselfishly and whole- heartedly Dutch, free from any for- :i;‘tndpl;c(el;‘encts.uand exclusively de- ed to the welfare and happ! of her people. BRiice of national independence vic r time-honored traditivns of sanctuary and asylum to political fugitives, even if her own national safety s at take. In this way the honor of the Netherlands was preserved, and inci- dentally the great powers of the entente, relieved of the onus of find- ing some punishment to fit in the eyes of the people the crimes of the former Karnebeeh accom- wlished this at the disarmament con- ference at Washington, from which, indeed. Lie may be said to have car- ried away a very large proportion of laurels. For, although Holland was not invited to the conference on the same footing as Great Britain, France, ltaly or Japan, and was not ven invited to sign the treaty relat- ing to the limitation of armaments, the astute Dutch statesman, instead of taking unnecessary offense, saw in the role to which he was reduced freedom to take whatever measures he desmed fit for the defense of Hol- land’s possessions in Asia and in Eu- rope. So he obtained from Japan a formal officlal declaration that the great island empire of the orient is firmly resolved to respect all the rights of the Netherlands in relation to their insular dominions in the re- gion of the Pacific ocean, dominions of incalculable wealth, and with a team- ng population of over fifty milllons. | Not content with this, van Karnebeek further managed to secure identical| pledges couched in almost the very same words from the goyvernments of the United States. of Great Britain and of France. That is to say, he con- trived to obtain the full benefits and advantages of the Washington con- ference treaty, without being sub- jected to any of the lmitations and obligations which the Signatory pow- ery felt compelled to subscribe there- in. Jonkheer v U. S. Pushing Aviation On an Extensive Scale Nor was this the only post bellum (Continued from First Page.) e U. S. “SPECIALTIES” FIND SALE IN LATIN AMERICA Market for Such American Products Is Being Created Over Stiff Competition—-Need for Well Trained Salesmen Seen. BY BEN McKELWAY, piano g true of the German piano and untrue of the America plar a NVESTMENTS and loans of hun- | Whether or not this be a bemniial 1o dreds of millions of dollars and the | Propaganda, American products are activities of American industrialists [ [iPorted to bo gaining a favoralle Wwho are taking part on a large scale 7 in big development projects in Latin| ¥ iA¥er-Pianos and Phonographs. America, outshadow to some extent] American player-piancs, with the the less conspicuous but none the less | rolls that go with them, and American important work of a class of manu- |Phonographs have the market viriu- facturers in this country who arefally to themselves about every winning out in a keen competition |Latin American country where the which has come with Latin America’s | purchasing power of its people pre- economic recovery—the makers ofsents a practical opportunity, An- peelalties,” who are flooding Latin |other interesting thing about America with products made in the|musical instrument trade it the fuc: United States and by conscientiousthat nearly every Latin America malntenance of high standards, are “’“t‘"j"n'l." of any size boasts a band making a good name for themselves | o, on opfd the band instruments and Ot - much of the sheet music comes frc and for their country. the United States. The Latin Amer: ‘Spectalties” are usually associated | €ans, by the way, have not canght the in the minds of the unitiated with |J3Z% mania and it apparently has the geegaws and knick-knacks of the |aPpeal for them. Waltzes and marchcs country general store, but in foreign | With the classical music common trade the term embraces a larger as- | €Very land, are favored. sortment than -any country store could gather in a lifetime. Commo- Mexican Bune Ball Growth. ities in the “specialty” trade vary| A writer who ) Hom v s from office supplies and moving plc- |« w7 oF Who should know what ture films to hair curlers and guitars. ing about made th artli Statement the other day Mexi can newspapers were devoting more U. S. Movies Popular. woving picture films, forispace to base ball than to bull fight ing. That is intended nelther as a The movies are no more popular anywhere than in Latin el nor slander against Mexico, but is merely an interesting point in co: America, and the United States pro- ducers seem to have gained 2 COM-lncction with the sale of Ameris plets corner on a growing market. |sporting goods in Latin Aoeie The spread of American-made films|Base ball teams are springing un throughout every country in Latin|eéverywhere in Mexico, especially to America has led somebody to “'”"!?hav:xdghmr‘;nf}fi:fg rm border, and - the slogan: “Trade follows the Plc-|present confined to Meaivo thire tures,” and the author goes ahead|indications of a spread to to explain that a demand for Amer-|latin Am countries. Americ ican-made goods follows closely the |sporting goods manufacturers find {continued showing of American-made | Erowing market for their base ba | films. Senor Gonzales, with the imaterial in AMexico and 1o 4 lecs o {sencra, go to a movie which shows|tent in Cuba nd. 10 a less ex beautifully dressed men and women | Tennls is aleo riding in big, shining automo Ale: e e and living in sumptiously furnished |been o popuias cne houses. Senor Ganzules Whispers into | Bragil for many woar. senora’s ear to note the suit worn |ajio’ ey anY vears by Reginald Belvidere, the hero, and shing ¢ remarks he would like to wear onef like it. The senora comes back with |a whisper that the senor should pipe the pattern of that dress worn in the third scene by Lillion. the heroine and says she must try to get on i The same sort of conversa- tion may be taking place in another | {part of the theater between Senor and Senora Alvarez concerning the auto- | mobile in which Reginald rides after Lillion in the pursuit scene. Multiply | sueli conversations by thousands ‘P\ ry day and you have an interest which is likely to lead up to a de- mand for such articles ax those so attractively pictured on the screen. Theater Building Booms. Millions of feet of flm are being sent to Latin America every month, and the demand is growing with the pread of theaters, to rural com- munities. With the exception c¢f a few large cities, Which boast theaters {as large the best States, movi feW and far { American _exhibitors use what the: {have at hand and shows are hel { wherever a roof furnishes i enough for a crowd. A hoom ing picture theater construc 2 reported, however, in some countries. The type of film preferred in Latin ! America is the old picture which shows the wild and wooly wes the more rip-snorting, fire- cowboys there are the more popular { the picture. Slap-stick comedies, a la { the early attempts of Charlie Chaplin before his recognition as an art are also popular, and all American “flm idols” have their share of wor- in th is othe crease foot ball material, sporting rifles and ammunition throughout Latin Amer fca in increasing quantities Office suppli typewriters and adding n re” America products which have a clear field i1 Latin America and all countries ar. buying them in increasing quantities There is a keen competition in cutlers it is reported, with Englund and Ge many predominating in o ex cept prod rapidly. bo use usually is in cost of labor. In instance, the safe found to be a poor seller. because a man few cents in th a barber or h to him. In United States bering has arity of t ¥ going barber come America. as in the high cost of bar creased the v d po. fi razor d and Japar up and America ve been unable crochet dles, hair curlers Imanicure sets and halr nets jamong some of the novelties in 11 specialty line that American sales men_are placing with great succes- in Cuba, Mexico, Central Americ: Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile and Brazil. h progr edles Need for Good Salesmen. Perhaps there s no trade more clearly presents the value well trained the f than the com: The big Am gaged in put homes and offices have learn that harm to their chances, and the chances of their countrymen, t putting & “tin horn” salesman in t foreign flel The speclalty States has b cravatted, flas shippers in Latin America. The Story of the Guitar. in specialiti. mpanies now « wares of Latin Ax notl Musical instruments are other spe- cialities for which American manu- facturers are developing a market in p es more Latin America. under rather inter- esting difficulties. The guitar, with- out which no popular Spanish scene is complete. a widely-used instru- ment. Tradition would come near making it an indispensible weapon in the hands of a lovesick swain any where near the equator. Americ have seen the demand. and in Mexico, the e an in the Unit, pictured a T Iy clothed individu who blows into the rural store ar disposes of his goods by gab which leaves the merchant ing for are al try where ¢ them familia n La the American-made strum cons the best {Das the greatest sale. This is jtrue in Central America and in { geninta. Brazil, Chile and Peru. T+ Citorts of Germany to replace the American-made product with a cheap- o instrument are reported as inef- fectual, and one consul, writing from . rec s l.\{cxico recently, Went so far s to 82 | Sipar Ta hie Lome ar o e Lyomer: | in- and | also Ar- parti Latin America a _dignifled, « who would neve sales unbidden instance, that first make that the best way to sell an Ameri-|pysiness, and after a suitable intro can guitar was to play for a while on | juction and presentation of crede: one made in Germany. tials, he should sit down and tal American piano manufacturers arelapoyt the weather, or the nut crop o placing thousands of instruments in|ine Jatest scandal, but never mentio Chile and Peru, it is reported. where | the thing he has to sell or why I there is a brisk demand, but they are | hae come. Thic is permiscable on! selling this product in the face~of &lon the second, or maybe third, eall rather amusing type of German-bred | when it is best to arrive after gather propaganda, which is said to have|ing jogether all ceremony possible or really been well organized. American | such an occcaston, by hiring in a. cir found their waresriage, for instance, and if possible being “knocked" on every hand b servant to handle the sample case statements to the cffect that thev | Then he can talk businecs couldn’t keep a_tune, mever were in | nossible, show his prospoc tune from the beginning, and when {mer why he can't get along they were in tune the tone was So0:the goods under discussion. “tin-panny” that every one in hearing | A poor salesman whe gor gistance was forced to weeping, wail- | America without an unders ing and the gnashing of teeth. In-|jts customs creates much tr vestigation proved that German |those who follow him, while the ex agents had been making a determined | perienced man in the fleld paves the and systematic effort to run down |way for a wider use of his country's the American piano on every occas- 'products. American goods today are ion and had progressed far enough to|winning out in Latin Americ popularize the idea of the inferiority. | cause of their merit. and i As a matter of fact, it is reported, |such a basis that a great everything said about the American |can be built piano salesmen commerce ply. now escaping at the rate of 500,- 000,000 cubic feet per vear or an amount sufficient to fill 230 large air- o 0 " % ships, be conserved for future use by the American people. 8 ver League o tions cliable assurances have been 9 L e, Ames says, that with ex. | . (Continued from First Page.) isting knowledge the present cost of oo production can be greatly reduced if | some one else. The net of it is thal the extraction of helium were to be[in all probability Cox will neithe: undertaken on a production instead | have the Ohio delegation for himself of an experimental basis. But,|—eXcept in possibly a perfunctory { sense—nor will he any degree Democrats in Quandary achievement of Queen Wilhelmina and of her able councilor and minister of foreign affairs. When the war came to an end and the emperor fled in 80 | o qo " py, ol anner from his troops at|its use the balloon observations made the front to seek refuge 1n Holtand, |40, L oL b e e o Ao national sentiment in all the allled |, 0g 140" o he War and Navy de- countries was insistent upon his sur- | partments. Through this medium any render by the Dutch to suffer punish- :\‘V;;l!p::‘lr;ldl;d . lndedpxendenlwnivl» ed with a radio rec ment for all the crimes laid at his|oop" 30"V oith 0“4 pnreciable expense He was denounced as account- |or effort, be kept advised as to able for all the atrocities perpetrated | weather conditions in any part of the by his armies in France, in Bell]xiurm. © %:e"y‘-,o"st i 1ab. in Serbia and Rumania, cspeclally for | The forest products laboratory is the ruthless destruction of private |engaged in studying the properties of property, of public lnsmultmmlx, dot ::g in\a!:ad";:ma!rtt':)kngucons‘!rucuon ehurches, cathedrals and anclent land_ | ind endeavoring to detormine the marks spared by the many wars that | best methods eeoning aud Wrext had succeeded one another throughout | Ing the wood. ' = = ° ten centuries, and for the barberens|, SRR _SICCT S Toute 8 SUSANE on violations of all the accepted rules of | £he Asvelopment of 4 method of ex- civilized warfare. In Great Britain |traction um un- @ general election was actually fought | der allotments of funds made by the e %trength of a promise given | War and Navy departments. by the government of the day there 3 Great National Asset. to hang the ser, Wi e exclusive possession of helium- of the penalties demanded for him by | pearing gases by the United States is the French was that he should be|a national asset, Dr. Joseph S. Ames, imprisoned for life in _some far dis- | director of the physical laboratory. tant island dungeon. They united in|Johns Hopkins University and ehais. denouncing him as an international [man of the executive committes of outlaw, this view being sustained by | the national advisory committee for some of the most eminent European [aeronautics, points out. The posses- and American jurist | sion of this asset imposes two dis- But the Dutch government reso- Vtinct responsibilites on the nation: lutely refused to surrender him to his| Firet, that the method of extraction foes, declaring that while he was not|of helium be improved and the cost welcome and would be kept under | thereof lessened, with a view to its cloge surveillance while on Duch i1, fuse in all-future American airehips; Holland had never in all her Senturies | gecond, Ahot the limited known sup< tions, gt which both kites and bal- loons are used, and nine others where observationg with balloons only ‘are craven a m door. are also available for whether or not we now undertake to | 1 e realize the advantage which the use | Whatever control it in the scnse of of helium affords. he says the com-|Dbeing able to swing it to other me mittee unqualifiedly recommends that | In short. as things now and, Cox Congress provide for the conserva- |Seems unlikely to cut much figure as tion of existing natural resources | Possibility himself and also un- through the acquisition and sealing ;.},'f,f{;‘:g“{‘ l*";t‘:“';"‘l"':o“h“fi?]"tc in Qcter v the government of the largest ai : vho else is to be rominec. T Ent gest and | My & is how things stand with Cox best helium fields. today. But he is a tenacious and re- sourceful man. He may, during the Pearl of the Baltic. next twelve months, be able to pull From the Boston Transeript. himself out of his present position of impotency. Cox, no less than McAdoo, The saga relates that the discov- erer, and first settler on the Isle of illustrates’ the old saying that “vou can't keep a squirrel on the ground.” Gottland, was a man named Thjelvar. From the same source we learn that * % * % The sentiment for Henr® Ford con- the island was then in such an un- stable condition that it was sub- tinues to grow. The following para- graph is from a personal letter from one of the most competent political merged in the daytime, and rose to|observers in the middie west, one who the surface at night, but Thielvar ex- terminated with fire the trolls and evil spirits that Infested it, and never has no particular affection for Ford— since that time have the waters one who, indeed, fears that the Ford movement, if it continues to develop, broken over “the Pearl of the Bal- e will be accompanied by agitation for The great number of tourists who some halr-ralsing economics and financial heresies: have re-discovered Gottland in recent years are of a different disposition, ‘This Ford thing is getting pretty well inoculated into the body politic, and what lurs them thither and fasci- nates them into lengthening their and, what's more, the inoculation seems to take in a surprising propor- tion of cases, There scems to be a feellpg that sooner or latet somebody stay are the traces of those weird |is going to take the works apart and powers and happenings of olden|give ‘em a good ¢ ning, and I de. times. In later vears, the early mld- | tect a growing feeling in these parts dle ages. Gottland was indeed a power [that, as long as somebody is goir to be reckoned with, und it is the combination of ancient fairy lore and an _interesting historical past that makes the island so attractive and a to do_it, Ford would be as likely to put the mechanism back into work- favorite spot for tourists intent on exploring strange ground. ¢ ing order without losing any of the necessary parts as _anybody. 1 vouldn't be 4 bit surprised if wet ere in for ft." - -