Evening Star Newspaper, March 18, 1923, Page 39

o i e EDITORIAL SECTION NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL ARTICLES Part 2—16 Pages CONFLICT AS IN TARIFF COMMISSION President Harding Called Upon to ‘Decide TO POLICY How “Elastic” Investigations Shall Be , Undertaken. BY GOULD LINCOLN. AKING the tariff out of politics ——or rather divorcing the pol- iticiains from tariff-making— was an alleged object of the ®o-called “elastic tarlff provisions” of the Fordney-McCumber tariff act. But right at the start of the enforce- ment of the new law trouble appears on the horizon. . 1t is six months since these pro- vislons went on the statute books authorizing the President, acting through the Tarlfft Commission, to @adjust tariff dutles, within a 50 per cent radius up or down, tq meet con- ditions as they arose. .About a hun- dred applications for changes in va- rious schedules have been filed with the commissioln in that time. Further- more, the commissfon by a majority vote adopted a program providing for the investigation of some of the echedules for ‘which application had been made, and also providing for investigating, on its own initiative, other scedules in which the consum- fng public has a en interest, as they bear on the cost of living. Appgeal to the President. The adoption of this order was fol- lowed by a quick appeal to the Presi- dent by William Burgess. a member ©f the Tariff Commission, it ported, or, at any rate. by close to the President, acting for Mr. Burgess. The Tariif Commission, it was reported to the President, was about to tear the repubiican tariff law wide open, because it proposed to investigate the.duties on crockery on woolen manufactures and some other things about which no formal complaint had been made to the com- misslon, but in which the public has a considerable interest. The President, who was just on the eve of starting for Florida, and act- ing upon what had been told him called a halt, urging that the pro- ponents the proposed program take no further action until after his return to Washington. when, it is un- derstood, he will tackle the question Disagree ax to Palicy. truth of the matter is that has for a long time been dis- among the of Commission or tic tariff provisions law. On the one hand is William 8. Culbertson, vice chair- man of the commission, who strongly advocated the adoption of these pro- vislons, believing that they would go far to provide a just and scientific tariff and in a great measure take the tariff out of politics. On the other hand is Thomas O. Marvin, chairman of the Tarifft Commission, and William Burgess, another repub- lican member of the commission. Mr. Marvin s a high protection tariff man, and is credited in some quar- ters with having virtually written the now famous schedule K-—the woolen schedule—of the Payne-Ald- rich tariff law. The there agreement the Tariff the flexible of the new members Mr. Culbertson has been strongly in | of the terms of favor having ahead under the the elustic tariff provision of the law and under the cxecutlve order of the President issued October 7 last, directing that all applications and requests for re- Yief under the elastic tarlff provision be filed with the Tariff Commission @nd investigated by the commission §n accordance with rules adopted by the commission. cemmission go Program Finally Adopted. But delay after delay occurred. ¥inally the showdown came. The eommission adopted a resolution of- fered by Mr. Culbertson providing a program of investigation. This pro- gram was opposed, as has been said, by Mr. Marvin and Mr. Burgess, but the democratic members of the com- mission and “progressives” voted 'with Mr. Culbertson. The' President after he returns from Florida will have to decide more specifically than he has already done the scope and lines of the com- mission’s fact-finding Investigations, which must precede any changes of duty which the law empowers him lone to make. It is understood, of course, that hile the commission, under the law, ust make the investigations in re- gard to the tariff schedules and report o the President, it is the President fn the end who must proclaim any hanges in the dutles that appear Inecessary. The language of the law s that “whenever the President, upon Samples of “Economy” in Co: Where Cost Exceeds Savings Effected How insincere and inconsistent and eally un-economic are some of the| forotests in Congress against minor hppropriations was emphasized by [Representative’Clifford Ireland of Illi- nois, chairman of the House commit- ee on accounts, which is the one com- Inittee that continues' its work hether Congress is In session or not. He shows how the time wasted in febate and in forcing a roll call on certain resolution cost the taxpay- rs much more than the appropriation horized In the resolution, and sald: “T do not like to ses my colleagues fholp up to derision by the public as vasting their time over such trfling matters as cited when the ultfmate result is never changed. It is time wasted where thelr efforts and ability ldeserve much bette As a case in point, where the vocif- erous objection of some member over- ous to make campaign material ftor consumption by the “dear people” back home has placeed the House hnembers in the category of ‘“penny persons | in regard to| finvestigation of the differences in costs of production of articles shall find it thereby shown that the duties fixed in this act do not equal- ize the said differences,” he may pro- claim the changes within the 50 per cent Hmit. Further, the law says: “Investigations to assist the President in ascertaining differences in costs of production under this section shall be made by the United States Tariff Com- mission, and no proclamation shall be issued under this section until such investigation shall have been made.” Inquiry to Go on. Since the President called a halt, for the time being, on the Culbertson program. the commission has gone ahead with the idea that it would investigate some of the schedules in regard to which applications have been made for relief. In fact, an an- nouncement of a program for the schedules to be Investigated is ex- pected at any time. This may include an investigation of the sugar sche- Gule, for applications for relief from the sugar duties have been filed. But it will not include, it is said, any of the proposed inquirfes into schedules in regard to which no ap- plications have been filed, but which it was proposed the commission should look fnto on its own initiative, including pottery and manufactures of wool. It may be mentloned in this con- nection that one of the rules adopted by the commission after the execu- tive order of the President last Oc- tober, putting the whole matter of receiving applications and adopting rules for investigations into the com- mission’s hands, was as follows: ‘An investigation may be ordered | by the commission under section 315 or 316 (the ela tariff section) upon the initiative of the commission or upun application.” 5 The latest move apparently would nullify this rule, in so far as it re- lates to the initiative of the mission. Easy to Get Applications. But it is clear that this course will com- The Sundiy Star. WASHINGTON, D. O, SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 18, 1923. BY N. 0. MESSENGER. UDGE CORDELL HULL, chairman of the democratic national committee, has drawn up a new charter for democracy. He describes it thus: “Rule by the people; liberty and justice to every individual; equality of opportunity; no special privileges; social and industrial justice; espousal of liberal progressive thought; sound constructive domestic and world policies, political, economic and social; rigid economy and taxation according to ability; local self-government; meeting re- sponsibilities in world affairs; political hon- est, efficient public service, free from cor- ruption; honest civil service; constant re- gard for the welfare of the masses—for the human as well as the material side.” The managers of the,opposition party, the republican national committee, are said to be highly indignant, charging that the judge has taken over doctrines they have upheld since the party was organized under the Michigan oaks. Let them fight it out. B Sl Vo Judge Hull found himself pleasantly em- barrassed the other day. For months the democratic management has been preaching and adhering in practice to the policy of non-participation by the democratic national commiittee in the ambitions and aspirations of potential candidates for the democratic presidential nomination. Which, of course, should be. The national committee” task is not to nominate a candidate, but try to elect him. The Tennessee legislature the other day, disregarding this policy, ups and passes a resolution commending Judge Huli “to the democracy of the nation for our next Presi- dent.”” This was rank heresy to the national management, so the judge had to take pen in hand—and deny the soft impeachment. is cratic, but the democratic women have a brand-new wrinkle—no, not wrinkle; that is not gallant—a new plan for learning politi- cal strategy .,and practical politics. They have cgeated “The National School of Democracy.”> Nearly 700 women enrolled as student delegates to a six-day session held in' New York recently, twenty-cight states being represented. The bulletin of the na- tional committce telling of the meetings said: “That the women mean business was borne witness to by the fact that they had gathered from all parts of the country, some of them from different states—and at their own expense—to sit at the feet of recognized party leaders and learn of their wisdom. A more thorough knowledge of the history and principles of the democratic part clearer understanding of the growth of dem- ocratic “institutions, how to organize clubs, how to conduct a campaign, how to make a whacking democratic speech, how to keep one's earrings from swinging while one speaks and how not to wave a handbag at an audience were some of the important les- sons learned by these eager seckers after political truth.” N * % k% John T. Adams, chairman of the repub- lican national committee, who has been abroad with his family for several weeks, is expected to return April 10, and the gossip in political circles is that.the national com- mittee will soon undertake an extensive educational campaign. There declared to be absolutely no foundation in fact for a report that Chair- man Adams contemplates giving up his post He intends, it is authoritatively stated, to carry on until the committee is reorganized at the next national convention. * ¥ ¥ X Importance is attached to the visit abroad of two members of the irreconcilable is Democratic Party Management Is Accused By the G. O. P. of Stealing Its Thunder American ways and politics. He is quoted as taking a dig at members of the American Congress who vote dry, but do not live up to their vote In private life. LR That threatened blow-up of the republi- can party in Indiana, which was to have come if the President appointed Senator New to the cabinet, has not occurred. On the contrary, there are said to be indications that the appointment has clarified the repub- lican atmosphere in the Hoosier state, and that Mr. New is stronger with the rank and file than ever. Former Senator Beveridge earnestly ob- jects to connection of his name with fac- tional troubles in Indiana. Writing to a friend in this city, he asserts that he had no connection with the crusade against Senator New. “When I was defeated in November,” he writes, “I jumped right into my work on my Lincoln, and since then have given my whole time and attention to that exclusively * k ¥ % If President Harding carries out his re- ported intention of making a swing around the cicle during the summer and fall months he will be trailed by democratic orators, who avill seize any comment he may make on world affairs and foreign poli- cies as occasion to repeat the criticisms made in Congress upon the administration’s course in foreign affairs. The league of nations advocates will be especially active, covering the same terri- tory traversed by the President and secking to undo the good work he essays for the republican party and the administration. Friends of former President Wilson will be on the alert to defend the Wilson policies and contrast them with the course of this administration. T “The democratic national headq wrote. it be from the expressions of h terms of personal compliment, o such an important nomination ferred to in the resolutios * % k% | not permanently prevent the investi- | gation of the pottery or wool sche- | dules. The filing of applications for Investigation of schedules under the rules adopted, may be “by any person, partnership, corporation or associa tion.” 1f, as it now appears, un appli cation s needed to bring about an inquiry into tariff schedules, and public spirited associations—or indi- viduals—understand this, it may be expected the necessary applications will not be long in materializing. Various reports have been spread that there will be a shake up in the’ personnel of the Tariff Commission when the President returns, that either the chairman or the vice chairman would go. It is understood that Vice Chairman Culbertson, who has been mos¢ anxlous to have the commission get underway In the per- formance of its duties under the elas- tic tarift provision of the law, will| | take part in the investigation. de | upon application—which the nis- | sion is about to order, although he | has taken the position that the whole | matter of the procedure of the com- mission will have to be settled upon the return to Washington of the President. Congress Provided Funds. {pre Women are being well organi; party managements, republican By MARK SULLIVAN. QUESTION brought to the democrafic leaders by recent events, and calling for the best of thought on their part, is: What position shall the party take ¥ r on the perm Jational jent Hardir hould be still an tand shall the pa whole fleld of inter tions? At one extreme is the possibility for the democrats to announce their n int by that roposed suming issue rty take national the rela- on President Harding has been a strong supporter of the elastic tariff pro- vision of the new law. He urged it upon Congress repeatedly. He has pralsed its adoption since the law was enacted. Many of the leaders In the Senate and House and high offi- cials of the administration have fa- vored it. Congress appropriated $150,- 000 in a deficlency bill to be used for the remainder of the present fiscai| year by the Tariff Commission in carrylng out the provision aof law, and for the fiscal year 1924 provided another $700,000. None of the defi- ciency appropriation has yet been expended. Supporters of the Culbertson pro- gram scout the idea that the com- mission in adopting it planned to throw the republican tariff law into as has been charged. The consumma- | tion of the investigations proposed, it |!s said, would have brought about | the expenditure of only $200,000 of all the money made available by Con- gess for this work, and would have gone to only forty paragraphs out of the more than 1,700 in the tariff act. ngress | Wise and pound foolish,” Representa- tive Ireland sal “We offered a resolution raising the basic salary of the chlef janitor of the House $300. It was a’very meri- torious case. He deserved it. It was sponsored by one of the most con- spicuous members of the House. The corresponding position in the Senate paid $500 more. I cited this as a splendid case deserving advancement, yet it provoked heated debate when the House should have devoted its attention to much more {mportant matters. A roll call was demanded and sufficient members responded to have it ordered. The resolution passed with a comfortable majority. Several! members of better ability consumed time and little else, delaying the more | important business of the House by reiteration of former speeches. The actual time consumed and the delay accomplished by filibuster cost the government three times the amount [involved in the resolution, and more. No great consistency of economic ef- fort is'shown in such a performance.” + A \ renewed adherence to the league of natons as it exists and fight the cam- paign on the same lines as In 1920. At the less hazardous extreme is the possibility for the democrats merely to say that they favor the permanent court of international justice pro- posed by Harding—assuming that in- stitution is still in debate. In between these extremes is the whole area of possible variations of policy on foreign relations. And just what place within this field to choose for their platform is a question that must give the democratic leaders deep concern. Much, of course, depends on what happens to Harding’s proposal for the Permanent Court in the next ses- ston of the Senate, beginning next December. (Much depends, also, on other developments in_the whole for- next year.) If the next session of the Senate should adopt the Permafient Court, and adopt -it falrly soon after the beginning of the session, that of course would remove this particular institution as an issue. But if there should develop a fight on this ques- tion, between two wings of the ‘Re- publican party, led by Harding and Johnson respectively, that might make an . excellent and‘ promising opening for the democrats. In all re- spects the democratic position will be made comfortable it the Republicans develop a split on the court. But omitting that possibility, the demo- crats face the necessity of phrasing la policy on Yorelgn relations which shall provide a sufficlent contrast with the republican’s which shall be sufficiently close to the out-and-out league of nations position to satisfy the strong league democrats and at the same time be sufficiently different to avold the odor of disaster that at- tended the league issue In 1920. * ok % In facing the problem one of the chief embarrassments that faces the democrats {s'inherent in the question of what Wilson will do himself and what he will want the party to do. The common assumption, amonz the party leaders and among the public as well, is that Wilson js for the league of nations, that he is for it in the shape in which he brought it home from Paris and in that shape only, and that he belleves the league in its unmodified form to be the only means of bringing the world out of its trou. bles. That, I say, Is the common assump- nust not even be suspected, though est participation in individual rivalries for ent court of | And what | uarters,” he omefolks in i the slight- as that re- administration’s participation zed by both and demo- tion. It puts a fear in the hearts and an inhibition on the minds of many of the most prominent democratic leaders. Many of them believe that a declaration for the league in an un- modified form, in the same form in which It was an issue in 1 would {be a mistake. At the same time they | believe the party ought to ‘go on {vecord in favor of the league modified | by reservations. Ome of the ablest and most loyal democratic leaders in the country—dne who is loyal both to his party and also to the league as an issue—said to the writer: “T should ltke to come out in favoer of a modified league, but I am afrald Wilson might ‘bawl me out".” What Wilson would do about that, and the whole question of what Wil- son belteves should be the party plat- form on foreign relations, is, ob- vious, a thing wholly within the boundaries of Mr. Wilson's own heart and mind. The present writer has been told that Wilson is not so un- reasonable as this assumption on the part of the other leaders would im- ply—that Wilson recognizes the welght of events in recent history, and that he would not object to a party platform which should take ac- count of the water that has gone over the dam since he first brought the league home from Paris. However, this is a fleld in which no writer can pretend to be exact, and in which no party leader can af- ford to take a newspaper statement the discard, or to tear it wide opem.| oy geld between now and June of |as justification for action on his part. {Sooner or later the party leaders must get together with Wilson and learn from his own lips whatever contribution he cares to make toward judgment.as to what the next demo- cratic platform on foreign relations should be * % ok ¥ One thing is clear: Eliminating ‘Wilson as being incapacitated by the state of his health, the one demo- cratic leader who is today the most outstanding spokesman of the league of nations is Cox of Ohio. It would be within the, truth—in fact, it is rather called for—to say that Cox is the most courageous democratic spokesman in this field. Both pub- licly and within party councils, Cox talks out where others “pussyfoot.” Cox during his 1920 campaign became saturated with the league of nations. It gripped him. He became a devotee. He took on a sort of evangelistic fer- vor about it Cox preaching the league of nations during the closing weeks of the 1920 campalgn had as much fervor as Billy Sunday preach- ing the Ten Commandments This identity with the league, and this absorption in it, ‘which Cox acquired during the campaign, s still with him. Some’of the fervor, some of the evangelistic exaltation disappeared in the cold shock of the morning after, when the overwhelming quality of his defeat was recorded. But what Cox lost in fervor he has since made up in a qulet access of tenacity. Cox's study during the two years and some months since he was defeated has led him to believe that a universal as- soolation for tlhe prevention of war group of republican senators, Senator Hiram Johnson of California and Senator George H Moses of New Hampshire. that they are stocking up with first-hand information upon European politics, with 2 view to applying it to the discussion of the suggestion in a world court. Moses, in his crisp way of statement, has been giving the British Fe It is assumed will be American Senator for some slants on is the one and only instrument that can save civilization. He has sat in his office in Dayton and watched the world pass through crisis after crisis and effort after effort to work a cure. He has tested each crisis by the for- mula of the league of nations, con- trasted each failure to cure with what might been dome through the eague. 1 has sattled day by day more flrmly in the conviction have | sooner or later the world must come around to the league as the only way out. He holds this bellef as some- thing fundamental, in the same spirit that he holds to the simple business principles on which he runs his news- papers. A But Cox, without much doubt, ¥hile he believes the underlying principle of the league to be the only sound one, has no preconception about the original form of it. It can be taken for granted that he would accept res- ervations, and would be content, or might even himself propose, that the next democratio platform stand for a modification of the league. 1t is a question, however, just how much power Cox will have in the next democratic convention and what his role will be. He may possibly cut a considerable figure in the platform- making, as an earnest advocate of courage about this matter of forelgn relations. But as regards the nomination for the presidency, any one who looks at the democratic situation as it exists to- day, in terms of the actual facts and in terms of the attitude of important leaders, {s compelled to set down the conclution that Cox is out of it for 1924. It is not possible for any sur- vey of the situation as it exists to- day to reveal any likelihood of Cox having @8 many as a hundred dele- gates out of the ten hundred and elghty-nine who compose the demo- cratic convention. The reasons for the eclipsing of Cox are two. One obvious one is the over- whelming character of his defeat in 1920. That alone is a serlous handi- cap. Further than this, Cox In that cam- paign did not make the kind of im- pression and did not enlist the kind of personal following based on affec- tlonate loyalty to a dashing leader such as might have enabled him to salvage as much out Bt defeat as some other men have saved out of similar disasters. Cox did not come to the end of the 1920 campaign as Bryan, for exampls, came to the end of his equally disastrous 1836 cam- paign—defeated, but nevertheless with a degree of popular affection and devoted personal following such as enabled him to get two subsequent nominations. * %ok % But even more fatal to Cox than these reasons is the Yact that there has grown up among some of the democratic leaders a disaffection toward Cox personally, whigh in some cases is stronger than their emotion of devotion to him was in 1920. Some of the leaders who were at the very that | |of the leaders who got him the 1920 should | ito rmer President Wilson, it is reported by friends, does not expect to make any public speeches, but intimates that later he engaged democratic leaders in pivotal states which ill be of a decided political flavor. The ex-President, they indicate, is taking a lively interest in politics, and is thorough- ly convinced that a democratic victory is to come in 1924 in correspondence with Notion That This S. PUSHING AVIATION ON AN EXTENSIVE SCALE Country 1 Idly Watching Developments Abroad a Mistaken One. BY WILL P. KENNEDY. LTHOUGH the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and postal serv- ice are using aviation, and al- though a number of scientific branches of the government are lend- ing their assistance to the develop- ment of aviation, there is no unneces- sary duplication of activities, accord- ing to a report jusy made to the gen- eral staff by the aeronautical board of the Army and Navy. This means that there is no actual duplication as considered by those who are urging reorganization of government activities to eliminate duplication and overlapping of work, in the interests of economy and effic! ency. Sometimes an apparent dupli- catlon is In fact real economy. Rapidity of Development. There has been more progress in aviation in a short time, since the be- ginning of the war, than In any other mechanical device ever produced by man. It {s recognized by military and naval strategists that aviation will be a deciding factor in future warfare. The Army must have con- trol of the air service necessary for| operation of troops in the field, and similarly the Navy must have control of aviation necessary for naval war- fare. It was this thought that fathered the proposal to put a bureau of aeronautics in the new department of defense contemplated by the scheme of reorganization recently submitted by President Harding to the joint congressional committee on | rorganization of the administrative branch of the government. The national Interests call for | speedy development of commercial | aviation in all parts of this country, | not only to speed up commerce and | advance civilization, but also to pro- vide a reservoir on which to draw in times of war. The government aviation are: The Army air service. The Navy bureau of aeronautics, under which also comes the aviation work of the Marine Corps. The afr mall service. The sclentific branches of the gov- ernment lending their assistance to the development of aviation are: The national, advisory committee agencies using Democrats Find Themselves in Quandary Over the League of Nations as an Issue heart of the Cox movement, some of the individuals who were most r-- sponsible for Cox's nomination, are not now friendly to him. On thecon- trary, they are strongly opposed to him. This statement includes men whose names are not widely familiar the public but whom politiclans will recognize by the description Part of the reason for this present disaffection toward Cox on the part uomination lies in the fact that Cox, after he got the nomtnation, did some things against the urgent advice of these leaders. A few of these lead- ers (and it should be made clear that this does not apply to all of them) wanted Cox to be “wet,” and he did not do that. A few wanted him to dissociate himself from Wilson and the league of nations, whereas Cox's first step in the campalgn was to visit Wilson at the White House and o espouse the league most strongly. But the present disaffection toward Cox includes leaders who approved his refusal to be *“wet” and his in- dorsement of Wilson and the league, leaders who completely approved the way Cox conducted his campaign. A& to these men, the reason for their present attitade toward Cox is largely personal. It is based on human fac- tors, things that have arisen in their personal relations, ¥ % % ¥ This disaffection against Cox exists in his own state, among democratic leaders in that state who have a strong voice in the direction of demo- cratic affairs. Without going into a local state political situation in too much detall, it can be sald that Cox at present is decidedly on the out- side of the Ohlo democratic organiza- tion and is the object of strong dis- approval on the part both of leaders within the organization and other strong men outside the organization. Last fall, when it became apparent that the Ohio democrats oould win the governorship, some five different men wanted the governorship nom- ination and set out to get it. Natu- rally, each of them sought the aid of 80 conspicuous a man as Cox. In the ensuing clash of personalities and factions Cox seems to have failed to avold getting himself rather“badly mauled. For this and other reasons the situation ls such that if Cox should go out next year to get the delegates from his own state he would encounter strong opposition. In the event that other candidates, such as McAdoo or Ford or Ralston or -Underwood should decide to con- test Ohlo, Cox might readily lose a considerable number of the state's forty-elght delegates. And even if Cox should get the nominal indorse- ment of his state, it is certain that most of the personnel of the_delega- tion, the actual individuals who will g0 to the convention, will be un- friendly to Cox. They will be in the state of mind that will give a per- funcfory vote to Cox, but will actu- ally be opposed to him. After voting for Cox long enough to fulfill their bare obligations' they will turn' to ntin & for aeronautics, an independent estab- lishment. The weather bureau, Department of Agriculture. The bureau of standards, Depart- ment of Commerce. The forest products laboratory, De- partment of Agriculture. The bureau of mines, of the Interior. The public has come to consider that other government agencies are using airplanes, but this is a mis- tiken notion, and here is the expla- nation: The forest fire patrol is operated by the Army for the forest service. A boll-weevil patrol along the Mexican border is just being organ- ized, to be operated by the Army. Department Other Flying by Army. The Army also geological survey way Here has the practicability rate mapmaking raphy. While the coast guard is not offi- cially operating airplanes, yet some of its members who were air pilots during the war do use airplanes in connection with their official dutfes. Prohibition officers are not using a regular airplane scout service, but occasionally borrow fiyers from the Marine Corps and other military branches to make special observa- tions. does flying for the | in an expe been demons of rapid and by rat cou- aerial photog- j.enterprise eventually | search and fundamental | volvea 1 Now as regards the functions of these different agenc Sam's aeronautical work The Army, are using aviation for milita paredness. Purpose of Mail Service. The fundamental purpose of the air mall service has never before been publically defined, but, as stated in a special report called for by President Harding and submitted by the na- tional advisory committee for aero- nautics, it To demonstrate the bility and practicabilit portation of the mails and incident- ally of air transportation in gen= eral. In particular, the report says, it should— (a) Develop a reliable thirty-six- service between New York and d make that service self-SUpporting by creating the neces- sary demand for it and charging a rate between ordinary postage rates and night letter telegraph rates. (b) Keep strict records of the cost of the service and strive in every way to reduce such costs to a mini- mum, thereby demonstrating the value of air transportation from an economic point of view, and in par- ticular making it possible for private to contract for s by airplane at would not ex- safety, relia- of air trans- ancisco the carrying of ma & rate which not or ceed the income from such a service, but would permit the Post Office De- partment to provide other postal air- ways to meet the dem of the people for the more rapid transpor- tation of the mails. In the present undeveloped state of the art it would be wholly impracticable to operate air mail service by contract, the re- port to the President stated Mobilizes Technical Skill The national advisory committee for aeronautics heads up the best technical skill of the country for sc entific study of the fundamental problems of flight. The Army and Navy alr services depend upon this independent establishm for the study and solution of the more d!ffi- cult problems of fligh This committee not only co-operates with other agencles of the govern- ment, but co-ordinates all the re- investiga- tional work undertaken by all the government agencles using or con- cerned with the development of aero- | nautics. The line of work that falls to each of the scientific agencies with respect to aviation is as follows In the bureau of standards, as stated by Fa: Brown, acting di- rector, “the aviation work is for the most part undertaken in co-operation with the Army and Navy air services and the national advisory committee fur aeronautics. They finance the work and decide on the problems to be solved. They also furnish the practical flying experience and in a general way they do the engineering part of the work as distinguished from the sclentific. The function of the bureau of standards is the solu- tidn of the tech problems in and the of laws and th discovery basic natural 2. It st which late Weather Reports Essential. The weather bure: with the study of the atmosphere to aeronautics ing to the national aeronauticai policy, it is to furnish weather re- ports along the national transconti nental alrways as they are establish- ed, without which there can be no safety in the air nor success in com- mercial aviation. The weather bu- reau has now in operation six full equipped first-class aerological sta- {Continued on Third Page.) relat Outlook for Federal Revenues Based on Income Tax Returns BY HARDEN COLFAX. The natfon's $1,500,000.000 income tax bill for 1922, first installment of which was collected this week from about 7,500,000 Indlviduals and cor- porations, is insufficient by about 1$76.000,000 to pay the interest on the public debt and the upkeep of the Veterans' Bureau, two of the immedi- ate obligations arising from the world war. Analysis of preliminary returns re- celved by the Treasury Department and the budget bureau's estimates of governmental expense, shows the en- tire cost of running the government, less these two items, is to be met by revenues obtained from the tariff and miscellaneous internal revenue chief- 1y, with. receipts from other minor sources filling in. The Treasury's estimates of $400.- 000,000 in income tax receipts March 15, however, are regarded as con- servative by many private tax spe- cialists here. The belfef is expressed privately that the final figures will show an excess over $400,000,000. Receipts last week indicate that the total to be collected by the gov- ernment in income taxes this fiscal year will surpass $1,500,000,000 by a few millions. The effect of last year's reviving prosperity s hardly felt in this fiscal year's receipts. The reason assigned for this by Treasury officials 18 that real prosperity did not start until the last three or four months of 1922. Approximately $100,000,000 in back taxes, it is stated, will be collected during the present fiscal year. The sum has been popularly sfated in the nelghborhood of $300,000,000, but that figure, officlals said yesterday, is in- correct, The higher sum represents] collections plus. assessments ox tax returns going as far and many firms owing a of business. Federal tax collectors are on the trafl of the skilled workman who earned high wages but ‘failed to make out income tax returns as required by law. Reports have reached the Treasury that many thousands of wage carners of this class falled to Teport their earnings to the govern- ment or to pay tax Estimates of what the tariff will bring in have been revised again. The last estimate was $480,000,000 for the year. The new estimate boosts this figure by $20,000,000, and if collections continue to come in as fast as they did in February another upward re- vision will be in order again foon. February receipts-approximated $48.- 000,000, indicating tota) collections of nearly $600,000,000 for the Miscellaneous internal ceipts, consisting largely of taxes on tobacco, distilled spir amp taxes, taxes on estates and corporation stock taxes, will hardly exceed the $900,000.- 000 originally estimated, Treasury of- ficlals sald yesterday, although dur- ing recent months the tendency has been for such receipts to go slightly above the amount figured on in ad- vance. Other miscellaneous receipts, down in the estimates for about $580,000,- 000, may be exceeded, although it is regarded as unlikely that they will be. With interest on the national debt reaching $1,100,000,000, and mainte- nance of the Veterans' Bureau climb- ing up to an estimated $476,000,000 for the year, these miscellaneous Te- cetpts, plus the income from the tarift, are counted upon as furnishing the money necessary to carry the govern- ment during the year, _ = revenue re-