Evening Star Newspaper, June 17, 1922, Page 4

BY RADIO TODAY Complete Programs of Radio Broadcasting Stations. NAA—Naval Radio Station. Radlo, Va. 12:30 a.n 5,950 meters of arc transmitter. Noon and 10 p.m.—Time signal, fol- lowed by weather report and ship orders. 10:30 Naval press news; wave 2,650 mete: length, WWX—Post Office Department. 10 a.m.—Weather report for the District of Coiumbia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, Virginla and West Virginia. 10:30 a,m.—lmrk;l!rnm (fruit and vegetables) on 1,100 meters. 12:30, 2:15 and 8:30 pm—C. W. marketgram telegrams on 1,980 me- ters, .m.—Wholesale dairy report on 1.160 meters by radiophone. 0 and S p.m.—Market report on meters by radiophone. ather report. 1.1 9:50 p.m.— WMU—Doubleday-Hill Electric Com- pany (360 Meters). 4:30 to p.m.—Base ball scores ( the following program of music: e e ode { Bridges); “Two o (Leschetizky) ( “Lin fox t I've Got the Blues fi Home €€ G B \ce.” piano (Moszkowski), fox trot (Donaldson-de- os (Leslie): *Pa (Chaminade) or My kil Am : 2d Time Waltz WEAS—The Hecht Company (360 Meters). -M retail news and 5 to 4 pm reports. WPM—Thomas J. Willlams, Inc. (360 Meters). 12:30 p.m.—News items; reports on stolen automobiles. BYN. tional Radio Institute. (3C) Meters). 6:30 to 7 p.m.—Rudio spark code. WVP—Inited States Signal Corps, Bedloex Island, N. Y. (1430 Meters ht Saving Time, ion ir radlo. Army and he Banjo —Amrad, Medford Hillslde, Mass 0 Meters—Eaxtern Daylight- educt Ome Hour). and music. Circle” and Good Roads i p.m.—News and music. p.m.—Dixey concert. WWZ—Wanamaker's, New York City (360 M atern Daylight- Saving Time—Deduct One Hour). 15 p.m.—Music and chil- es. m.—Special program of Electric Company, henectady, N. Y. (360 Meters— stern Standard Time). Sarly stock marke€ quo- Sel oduce and stock market base ball results; news 6 quotations; bulletins. WWJ—Detroit News (Eastern Stand- ard Time). 9:30 am.—Tonight's dinner household hints (360 meters). 9:40_a.m —Music (360 meters). 10:15 a.m.—Weather report eters). P13 m.—Unitea States Naval Ob- servatory time signals relayed by telegraph (360 meters). p.m.—Music (360 meters). p.m.—Weather report (485 me- and (485 3:40 p.m.—Market quotations (360 meters). 6 p.m.—Complete sport world news (360 meters). 7 pm oncert by Detroit News Orchestra; program by Mrs. Wilbert Thompson, soprano, and Adalaide M. Lee, piani ‘The Town Crier”; pro- gram by Mrs. Crales L. Smith, con- tralto, and Lorin Pars violinist (350 meters). results; KDKA—Westinghouxe, FEast Pitt: burgh (360 Meters—Eaxtern Stand- ard Time). 9 to am.—Music. 11:30 a.m. to noon—Music. ~—Popular concert by the Syncopators. . ~Base ball scores by in- features §:15 p.m.—Popular concert by the Oxford Entertainers of Pittsburgh. news; govern-| summary of | Exchange; 6:45 pm.—Special market Teports: New York Stock weather report. 7 p.m.—-History and Activities of the Triple K Club,” by Margaret A. .m.—Bedtime stories for chil- Meteorological reporton ' BY A. HYATT VERRILL, Expert on Radio Technology. Quite often we hear of some ship belng guided to port by radio. To many, this is quite mysterious, but as a matter of fact, there is no mystery about it. All those who are inter- ested in radio and have studied the matter to any extent, know that radio waves are directive. They know that the aerial will receive better If pointed toward a sending station with the lead in at the end of the aerial wire nearest the station. If they have gone a step further and have used or read of loop aerials, they know that these simple devices are strongly directive; that a loop aerfal at right angles to a station 13 almost non-receptive, whereas, if pointed toward it. the messages come in strongly, and it is this property of the loop aerial that has been used to gulde ships through fog and storms when lights, landmarks or other slgns are invisible, or when com- passes are out of order. Radio Compasa Valuable. The greatest value of the radio compass, as it Is called. Is in fog. More ships are wrecked and more lives lost at sea because of fog than many other causes, and no practical method has yet been devised to en- able a ship to dispel fog or to over- come it. Not only does fog shut out all objects, but it distorts objects which may be seen through it if it is not too dense to render them entirely invigible. Even sounds such as sirens and bells are of little value as guldes to a ship in a fog for sounds are also distorted and are rendered mislead- ing by the fog. A bell or siren at a distance may sound near at hand, or again it may sound far away when close by, while it is practically im possiblé ‘to judge the direction bear- ings; the direction in which to sfeer is Tearned from the two parallel wires at_the end of the loop's shaft. By turning the loop about until the sig- nals come in strongest, the direction |of the station from the ship is de- termined and then, b wires above the ship's compass, the Steersman may compare the course his ship is following with the direc- tion from which the signals come. But that would give no {dea of the distance from shore and if there were not some means of learning this the Yessel might pile up on the rocks or beach. But by picking up_ signals from two or more stations the exact position of the ship {s known. When one station is picked up the officer draws a line on his chart from that station to his ship according to the compass bearings recorded by the wires over the compass Then the glancing at the A VARIABLE Ci THE TRANS: In radio transmission where vacuum tubes are employed it is very often necessary to use a variable condenser, for example, in the antenna circuit, to vary the wave length. The variable cqndenser shown is very well adapted for this purpose, and, in fact. may be used in any transmitting circuit where a variable condenser is required. will stand up to 4,000 volts, as has been shown in tests made by the man- ufacturers. of current at its maximum capacity setting. The "construction is shown in the fllustration. The varlation of capacity is secured by turning the drum. which is controlled by the knob. This knob and diai are the only parts showin the front of a panel, the condens: NDENSER FOR ITTER. ELECTRON EMISSION OR EVAPORATION. When a shallow dish of water is set in the sun for a certain length of time we find that the water dis- appears is evaporated. It the sun were not shining or the atmos- phere were quite humid the water either would not evaporate at all, or, at best, more siowly. It Is well | known that water does not evaporate at low temperatures. It is, in fact, heat which causes the evaporation. In much the same manner, if a metal body, for example, the tungsten fila- ment of a vacuum tube, is heated cnough free electrons will be evapo- rated from the filament. Even though the electrons may leave the filament p.m. sical program by the Tschaikow Quintet of Pittsburgh; readings by Mrs. Virginia Yeamans. 9:55 to 10 p.m.—Arlington time sig- | nals. Time—Same as Eastern Standard Time). am “h —Opening market quota- ; g0 Board of Trade. am.—Market quotations at one- half hour intervals until 1 pm. 1:20 p.n.—Closing market quota- News and market report. merican and National League base ball team line-ups; prog- ress of kames every half hour there- | after until their close. 4:15 p.m.—News: market and stock reports. 6:30 p.m.—New final market and| financial reports; base ball reports. 7:15 p.m.—Base ball reports; chil- dren’s bedtime story. 8 to 9 p.m—Concert by Margaret Lester, soprano; Lela Lowe Pierson, vViolinist; James Fiske, baritone, and William Lester, pianist, accompan- ist. 9 p.m.—News and sportsy 9:05 p.m.—Special features ncunced by radiophone. as an- WJZ—Westinghouse, Newark, N. J. (300 Meters—Eastern Daylight- Saving Time—Deduct One Hour). 9 am—Agricultural reports and prices as released by New York, New Jersey and federal bureaus; program of music. 10 a.m.—Program of music; Duo Art recital. Noon—Agricultural reports; weath- | er forecast; program of music; Duo Art recital. 12:15 to 1 p.m.—Standard time sig- nais from Arlington. 1 p.m—Program of music. 3 p.m.—Shipping news; program of music. 3 p.m.—Program of music. " 4 p.m.—Base ball scores; women's fashion news: program of music. 5 p.m.—Base ball scores; program of music. 6 p.m.—Weather forecast; agricul- tural reports: program of music. 7 p.m.—"Uncle Wiggily Bedtime Storfes,” by Howard R. Gafls, the author. 7:30 p.m.—“How Literature Is Pro- with high velocity, they would be quickly stopped by air at ordinary atmospheric pressure under ordi- nary conditions. But If the evap- oration were in a vacuum (a space | containing very thin or mo air) the; | would not be so quickly stopped. This is because the electrons are so very small. As a matter of fact, evVen though the electrons may be evapo- rated, emitted or projected to some distance from the filament, they will normally be attracted back at the same rate they are projected. This is because when the electrons leave the filament they leave the fila- ment with a positive electrical charge remaining upon it. Then, the electrons, being themselves negative charges, they are attracted back be- cause of the positive charge on the filament. There are then at all times electrons being projected from and Y. M. C. A. MAN LAUDS _ WASHINGTON YOUTHS Best Students, Most Careful Work- ers and Best Athletes, Declares General Secretary. : The boys and young men of Wash- ington are the best students, the most persistent and careful workers and the best athletes, Willlam Knowles Cooper, general secretary of the Y. M. C. A, declared, in a statement today. Mr. Cooper has been making a study of Washington youth, and his connection with the associa- tion for many years has given him unparalleled opportunities for ob- serving the young manhood of the city. “Thousands of young men and boys nually before my close atten- Cooper. “It is my bustness to observe and study them and to learn at first hand what their ambitions and their capacities may be. And, believe me, the cosmopolitan young manhood in the capital of the country, coming as it does from all the states, Is an entity of which we proud. “These chaps don't come to our in- stitutions merely for play and recre- duced,” by Prof. Walter D. Pitkin of Columbia University. B 8 p.m.—Concert by the Quintet De Luz Orchestra. 9 p.m.—Concert by the Lotus Male Quartet. 10:53 to 11 p.m.—Arlington time sig- nals. 11:01 p.m.—Weather forecast. WBZ — Westinghouse, Springfleld, Mass. (360 Meters—Eastern Day- light-Saving Time — Deduct Onme Hour) 7:30 p.m.—Base ball scores; bedtime storles for children. 45 p.m.—Lecture. $-m.—Music, ation, though, of course, that fis ‘necessary in the life of any well WGR—Federal Telephone and Tele- | New Apparatus and Devices By Ralph Brown, Radio Expe; 1t It will stand five amperes | By E.H.LEwis INSTRUCTOR NEW YORK. Y. _— —— e residents of Washington may well be ¥ » loop is revolved until the secodd sta- tion is picked up and a second lin drawn from that s ‘Where these two exact position of the vellel, and know- ing u-r-o the mariner steers his prop- er course. From time to time, as he proceeds, he g'tkl up, first one station and then the other, and draws new lines constantly correcting hi course until at last he {8 safe in har bor. This method of triangulation, as ity is called, is shown in the ac- companying diagram. Two ships are shown entering a harbor from differ- ent directions and are finding their way Into port by means of the radio compass. Radio Guides Ships. This in a broad way, is how radio guldes ships, but there are many min- or details which enter into the mat- ter. In order to prevent confusion the sending stations ashore are de- signed to send out distinctive signals, and, in addition to the character of their signals. the tones are olsa dis tinct. Moreover each station operates automaticly and sends out the sig- nals over and over again without the least- variation and without human help. Also smokestack: rigging, ventilators ani objects aboard ships cause tion” or “radio echoes,” as they are called, and the regularly installed ra- dio compasses must be adjusted to offsot the effects of nearby masses of steel and fron. Finally, the magnets in the telephone receivers affect the needle of the magnetic compass, if brought near It and so the special recelvers utcd in conneotion with the radlo compass are located at a dis- tance from the magnetic compass and the sounds are carried to the opel tor_through ,rubber tubes. The radio compass serves also at sea when one veasel is trying to locate another, as well as in learning the presence of other ships, and thus pre- venting collisions. Today the radio compass has been brought to a high state of perfection, and so accurately éan a ship determine her position‘and steer a course by this means that in a recent test the light- house tender Tulip was directed en- tirely by radio over a forty-three-mile 1un and was safely brought to within 500 feet of the Fire Island lightship, despite a dense fog. Still more re- markable is the fact that in accom- plishing this feat the captain of the Tulip took but three readings of the radio compass and steered his course for the lightship after establishing his position fifteen miles from it and with- out again referring to the radio com- pass. steel mast other me! “radi (Copyright, 1922.) being easily mounted on the back. The | ccndenser may also be mounted on a table for experimental work. Very smooth and close adjustment of ca- pacity 1s had and results in close tun- ing. ~ The condenser is available in | two sjzes, one with a capacity range of from 0.0001 to 0.005 microfarads and | the other with a range of from 0.0001 to 0.0012 microfarads. The smailer size is best sulted for reception. With the capacity range of the larger size, the wave length range may be varied irom 50 to 100 meters in the average low-power transmitter. One of the advantages of this type of condenser is the freedom from warp- ing plates, which might cause short circuits at certain settings of the con- denser. Another is the low-power fac- tor, low dlelectric losses, which helps in ‘making a transmitting set more | efficient. Tt {s small for the capacity | range and very rugged mechanically. i Also, it is permanent in calibration, | which is of considerable advantage. M.C.A. RADIO ScHOOL returning to the fillament, 8o that a cloud of negative charges is present all around that body of metal. Since, as we have seen, these electrons are negative charges, the cloud must be a large negative charge surrounding | the filament, and there must be also a repelling effect of the cloud upon electrons just leaving the filament. Now, if the temperature of the fila- ment is raised, as, for example, by passing a larger current through it, more electrons will be emitted in a certain length of time. That is, the electrons will be emitted faster. But the faster they are emitted the faster they are attracted back for répelled back by the electron cloud), and a condition of equilibrium is still main- tained, although, of course, It will be a new condition. fn addition to the temperature, the conditions which determine the rate of electron emis- sion are shape and chemical charac- teristics of the material. There are also other considerations, but those named are, perhaps, the most im- portant. It has been stated in a previous article that molecules and atoms may also be evaporated from a substance. If the temperature of the filament Is high enough atoms of the tungsten will escape from the metal with con- slderable velocity and will strike the glass walls of the vacuum tube. The same thing occurs in an ordinary tungsten filament incandescent lamp. | 1t enough of these atoms are allowed | to leave the filament it is burned out | or ruptured at a certain place. Also, [ every {ncrease in the number of atoms evaporated means a decreased lift of filament. It is quite necessary. therefore, not to heat the filament of a vacuum tube any more than is re- quired, set-up young man. They buckle right Into our educational courses and fill our library chairs while reading earnest, sober, ‘heavy’ books—no trash or dime novel stuff. Really, I sometimes feel a bit anxious lest our boys are not playing enough, are not reading boys’ books of adventure, etc, sufficiently to glve them that boyish mental recreation which is right and proper enough. But my fears are allayed when I go down to the gymnasium and the recreational rooms and see the boys at play. If they are earnest about their reading and their work they are equally zest- ful in their recreation. And that makes for a well balanced and sensible boy or ma e e COURSES BEGIN JULY 1. Arrangements for the courses in English, mathematics and geography for the teachers of grades seven and eight of the elementary publi¢ schools | who desire to qualify to téach subjects in the junior high schools have been completed, it was announced today by Supt. Frank W. Ballou. The courses will begin July 1 at Central and Dun- bar high schools, under the joint direc- tion of school officials and George Washington University, and continue for thirty school days. | ‘Whether the courses will be given on Saturdays will be determined by the lecturers and the teachers, Dr. Bal- lou said. The course in English will jbe given by Maurice J. Lacey, princi- | pal of the West Roxbury' High School'l of Boston. Miss Vera Sanford of the Lincoln School of -the Teachers’ Col- graph Company, Buffalg, N. ¥.|lege of Columbia University willgive . (Eastern Daylight-Saving Time—. the course in mathematics. The co:ru Deduct One Hour). i Noon—Weather and market reports | Al (485 meters). 5:30 p.m.—Weather and market re- ports (458 meters). 8 p.m.—Base ball scores, bedtime stories for children; digest of day's news (360 meters). 8:16 p.m. cert by Federal Tele. phone and Telegraph Company (36 meters). { in geography will be conducted by Miss ice Munn of the Maryland State Normal School. ~ The proposed course in history, Dr. Ballou said, could not be offered, ow- ing to the limited registration. A few additional teachers, the superintendent pointed out, can be accommodated in the courses in English, mathematios and geography, provided they- =t once. ' THE EVENING STAR, N MOOSEHEART TOWER T0 DO BROADCASTING Speeches of Lodge Board to Bs Bent Out Monthly When Plant Is Established. A radio broadcasting station shortly will be established by the Lo Order of Moose on the new Campanile, or bell tower, to be dedicated du. the week commencing August 21 at Mooseheart, Il From the tof of this tower, as soon as the broadcasting set is installed, the Bpeechos msde at the monthly meeilngs of the board of governors of the order will be broadcasted so that all the lodges of the Moose can pick up the proceedings of the board of governors. It ie planned that each lodgeroom be !llulrbed with a suitable apparatus for receiving speeches and matter sent out from Mooseheart, enabling = them to keep in direct touch with national headquarters. During the week of August 21 an ex- tensive program is planned in cuml!c-' ton with the dedication of the cam panile and pavilion in honor of suu-l tary of bor Davis, who founded Mooseheart and is director general of the Order of Moose. It will include & pageant depicting the life of Becretary Davis from his arrival in this country as an {mmigrant to his present position. Suitable scenery is being planned. in- cluding a set representing the White House. About a thousand children of the Moose will take part, and many prominent government offictals -] members of Congress will be presen! President and Mrs. Harding are plan- | ning to attend toward the end of the| and will be able to sit on_ the White House veranda, although they will be miles from home. Musie and speeches made at the dedi- cation will be broadcasted if the nfiulb' ment can be Installed in time, and later on Secretary Davis plans a program of entertainment for the children of the Moose every week or oftener. He ex- pects to broadcast “bedtime stories himself at least once a month, when he i8 in Mooseheart for the meeting of the board of governor: OBJECT TO NAME CHANGE. D. C. Heads Oppose Presidents’ Avenue Substitution for 16th St. The District Commiesioners are op- posed to changing the name of 16th street to Presidents’ avenue. TUpon recommendation of .Surveyor Melvin C. Hazen. the city heads in board session yesterday voted to send Congress an unfavorable report on the resolution now pendlnxmln give at thoroughfare & new name. "‘Mr. anen‘polnl(‘d out, in his report to the Commissioners, that in 1913 the street was called Avenue of the Presidents, and that a year later it was renamed 16th street. —_— Federal Mining and Smelting shows an excess of recelpts over expendi- tures of $175,257 for three mont ending_April _30. BANK with old-fashioned notions of integrity combined with the most modern methods of doing business Federal National Bank John Poole, President Cor. Fourteenth and G Streets Flushes the kidneys and bladder and gently stim- ulates the liver. I the ll:,airbealfh_y and beautiful nothing will compaiw_uiih . 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