Evening Star Newspaper, February 1, 1922, Page 5

rg— CAPITAL SHIPS NAMED NATIONS MAY RETAIN Rules on Size of Guns, Tonnage, Aircraft War Emergencies and . Carriers, Scrapping Stated in Latest Detail. (Continued from First Page.) ent tonnage of each of the con- Traoting powers shall not exceed in standard displacement, for the United States 525,000 tons (533,400 metric_tons); for the British em- pire, 525,000 tons (533.400 metric tons); for France, 175,000 tons {17780 metric tons ‘(o;s){(nl)v. 175,000 (177,800 met ons); Japan, 315,000 tons (320,040 metric tons). ARTICLE V. No capital ship exceeding 35000 tons (35,560 metric tons) standard displacement shall be acquired by, or constructed by, for, or within the jurisdiction of any of the con- tracting powers. ARTICLE VL No capital ship of any of the con- tracting powers shall carry & gun with a caliber in excess of six- teen inches )406 millimeters). ARTICLE VIL e total tonnage for aircraft c;l;'giers of each of the contract- ing powers shall not exceed in standard displacement, for _the United States, 135000 tons (137,160 metric tons); for the British em- ire, 135000 tons (137,160 metric ?Dn. ;" for France, 60,000 tons (60.950 metric_tons); for Italy, 60,000 tons (60,960 metric tons); for Japan, 81,000 tons (82,296 met- ric tons). ARTICLE VIIL The replacement of aircraft car- riers shall be effected only as pre- scribed in chapter I, part 3; pro- vided, however, that all aircraft carrier tonnage in _existence or building on November 12, 1921, shall be considered experimental and may be replaced, within the total tonnage limit prescribed in article VII, without regard to its age. ARTICLE IX. No aircraft carrier exceeding 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard _displacement shall be acquired by, or constructed by, for or within the jurisdiction of any of the contracting powers. However, any of the contracting powers may, provided that its to- tal tonnage allowance of alrcraft carriers is not thereby exceeded, build not more than two aircraft carriers, each of a tonnace of not more than 33,000 tons (33.528 met- ric_ tons) standard displacement, and in order to effect economy any of the contracting powers may use for this purpose any two of their ships, whether constructed or in course of construction, which would otherwise be scrapped under the provisions of article 1L The armament of any aircraft car- rlers exceeding 27.000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard displacement shall be in accordance with the re- quirements of article X, except that the total number of guns to be car- ried in case any such guns be of a caliber exceeding six inches (152 millimeters), except anti-craft guns and guns not exceeding five inches (126.7 millimeters), shall not exceed eight. ARTICLE X. No alrcraft carrier of any of the contracting powers shall carry a gun with a caliber in excess of eight inches (203 milimeters). Without prejudice to the provisions of article 1IX, if the armamient carried includes ns exceeding six inches (152 mil- fi‘x’neters) in caliber the total number of guns carried, except anti-craft guns and guns_not exceeding five inches (126.7 millimeters), shall not exceed ten. If alternatively the ar- mament contalns no guns exceeding six inches (152 millimeters) in caliber, the number of guns is not limited. In either case the number of anti- craft guns and of guns not exceed- ing five inches (126.7 millimeters) is not limited. ARTICLE XL No vessel of war exceeding 10.000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement, other than a capital ship or aircraft carrier, shall be ac- quired by, or_constructed by, for, or within the jurisdiction of, any of the contracting powers. Vessels not epecifically built as fighting ships Tor taken In time of peace under government control for fighting pur- poses, which are employed on fleet duties or as troop transports or in some other way for the purpose of assisting in the prosecution of hos- tilities otherwise than as fighting ships, shall not be within the limita- tions of this article. ARTICLE XIL No vessel of war of any of the contracting powers, hereafter laid down, other than a capital ship, shall carry a gun with a caliber in excess of 8 inches (203 milli- meters). ARTICLE XIIL Except as provided in article IX, no ship designated in the present treaty to be scrapped may be re- ‘converted into a vessel of war. ARTICLE XIV. No preparations shall be made in merchant ships in time of peace for the installation of warlike armaments for the purpose of converting such ships into ves- sels of war, other than the neces- sary stiffening of decks for the mounting of guns not exceeding €6-inch (152 millimeters) caliber. ARTICLE XV. No vessel of war constructed ‘within the jurisdiction of any of the contracting powers for a non- tracting power shall exceed the limitations as to displaement and armament prescribed by the pres- ent treaty for vessels of a similar type which may be constructed by or for any of the contracting powers; provided, however, that the displacement for aircraft car- riers constructed for a non-con- tracting power shall in no case ex- ceed 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard displacement. ARTICLE XVL If the construction of any vessel of war for a non-contracting pow- er is undertaken within the juris- diction of any of the contracting powers, such power shall promptly inform the other contracting pow- ers of the date of the signing of which the keel of the ship is laid; and shall also communicate to them the particulars relating to the ship prescribed in chapter II, part 3, section I (b), (4) and (5). ARTICLE XVIL In the event of a contracting . yower being engaged in war, such power shall not use as a vessel of war any vessel of war which may be under construction within its Jurisdiction -for any other power, or which may have been con- structed within its Jjurisdiction for another power and not de- livered. ARTICLB XVIIL Each of the contracting powers ‘wundertakes not to dispose by gift, sale or any mode of transfer of any vessel of war in such a man- ner that such vessel may become a ‘vessel of war in the navy of any foreign power. ARTICLE XIX. ‘The United States, the British and Japan agree that the status quo at the time of the sign- ing of the present treaty, with regard to fortifications and naval bases, shall be maintained in their respective territories and posses- sions specified hereunder: (1) The insular possessions which the United States now holds or may hereafter acquire in the Pacific ocean, except (a) those adjacent to the coast of the United States, Alaska and the Panama Canal Zone, not including the Aleutian Islands, and (b) the Hawaiian Island: (2) Hongkong and the insular possessions which the British em- pire now holds or may hereafter acquire in the Pacific ocean, east -of the meridian of 110 degrees east longitude, except (a) those ad- jacent to the coast of Canada, (b) the commonwealth of Australia and its territories, and (c) New Zealand; (3) The following insular terri- tories and possessions of Japan in the Pacific ocean, to wit: The Kurile Islands, the Bonin Islands, Amami-Oshima, the Loochoo Is- lands, Formosa and the Pescadores and any insular territories or pos- sessions in the Pacific ocean which Japan may hereafter acquire. The maintenance of the status quo under the foregoing provisions implies that no new fortifications or naval bases shall be established in the territories and possessions specified; that no measures shall be taken to increase the existing naval facilities for the repair and maintenance of naval forces, and that no increase shall be made in the coast defenses of the terri- tories and possessions above specified. This restriction, how- ever, does not preclude such re- pair and replacement of worn- out weapons and equipment as is customary in naval and military establishments in time of peace. Ships which may be retained by the British empire: ‘Tonnage. Oak Revengo . Resolution Ramillies . Ramillies . Valiant .. Barham ....... Queen Elizabeth Warspite Benbow .. Emperor of India. Iron Duke ... Marlborough . Hood .. Thunderer ..... King George V ... Ajax Centurion . Total tonnage ... On the completion of the two new ships to be constructed and the scrapping of the Thunderer, King George V, Ajax and Cen- turion, as provided in article II, the total tonnage to be retained by the British empire will be 538,- 950 tons. Ships which may be retained by France: ‘Tonnage Name. (metric tons). Bretagne 23.500 Lorraine Provence Voltaire . Total tonnage .........221,170 France may lay down new ton- nage in the years 1927, 1929 and 1931, ’l-l provided in part 3, sec- tion I ' ARTICLE XX. The rules for determining ton- nage displacement prescribed in chapter II, part 4, shall apply to the ships of each of the contract- ing powers. CHAPTER II. Rules Relating to the Execution of the Treaty—Definition of Terms. Part 1. Capital Ships Which May Be Re- tained by the Contracting Powers. In accordance with article II ships may be retained by each of the coniracting powers as speci- fied in this part. Ships which may be retained by the United States: . Name. Maryland California Tennessee Idaho ... New Mexico.oo. Mississippi . Arizona Pennsylvania Oklahoma Nevada . New York. Texas Tonnage. Delaware -.500,650 Total tonnage.. On the completion of the two ships of the West Virginia class and the scrapping of the North Dakota and Delaware, as provid- ed in article II, the total tonnage to be retained by the United States will be 525,850 tons. Ships which may be retained by Ttaly: Name. Andrea Doria Caio D!uilio ..... Conte Di Cavour. Giulio Cesare Leonardo Da Dante "Alighierl Roma Napoli Vittorio, Emanuele Regina Elena ..... Tonnage (metric tons). ‘Total tonnage ...........182,800 Italy may lay down new tonnage in the years 1927, 1929 and 1931, as provided in part 3, section IL Ships which may be retained by Japan. Total tonnage ...-,;.... ++301,320 Part 2. Rules for Scrapping Vessels of War., The following rules shall be o served for the scrapping of ve: sels of war which are to be di: posed of in_accordance with arti- cles II and IIL. B I A vessels to be scrapped be placed in such condition -—_— e —— e that it cannot be put to com- batant use. II. This result must be finally effected in any one of the follow- ing ways: (a) Permanent sinking of the vessel: (b) Breaking the vessel up. This shall always involve the destruc- tion or removal of all mnchlne?. boilers and armor, and all deck, side and bottom plaiting; (¢) Converting the vessel: to target use exclusively. In such case all the provisions of para- graph IIT of this part, except sub- paragraph (6), in so far as may be necessary to enable the ship to be used as a mobile target, and except subparagraph (7), must be previously complied with. Not more than one capital ship may be retained for this purpose at one time by any of the contract- ing powers. (d) Of the capital ships which would otherwise be scrapped un- under the present treaty in or after the year 1931, France and Italy may “each retain two sea- going vessels for training pur- poses exclusively, that is, as gun- nery or torpedo schools. The two vessels retalned by France shall be of the Jean Bart class, and of those retained by Italy one shall be the Dante Alighieri, the other of the Giullo Cesare class. On retaining these ships for the pur- pose above stated, France and Italy, respectively, undertake to remove and destroy their conning towers and not to use the said ships as vessels of war. 1II. (a) Subject to the special exceptions contained in article IX, when a vessel is due for scrap- ping the first stage of scrapping, which consists in rendering a ship incapable of further warlike serv- ice, shall be immediately under- taken. (b) A vessel shall be considered incapable of further warlike serv- ice when there shall have been removed and landed, or else de- stroyed in the ship: (1) All guns and essential por- tions of guns, fire-control tops and revolving parts of all bar- bettes and turrets; (2) All machinery for working hydraulio or electric mountings; (3) All fire-control instruments and range finders; (4) All ammunition, explosives and mines; (5) All torpedoes, warheads and torpedo tubes; (6) All wireless telegraphy in- stallations; _(7) The ‘conning tower and all side armor, or, alternatively, all main propelling machinery; and (8) All landing and flying-off platforms and all other aviation accessories. ! IV. The periods in which scrap- ping of vessels is to be effected are as follows: (a) In the case of vessels to be scrapped under the first paragraph of article II, the work of ren- dering the vessels incapable of further waralike service, in_ac- cordance with paragraph III of this part, shall be completed with- in six months from the coming into force of the present treaty, and the scrapping shall be finally effected within eighteen months from such coming into force. (b) In the case of vessels to be scrapped under the second and third paragraphs of article II, or under article IIL, the work of ren- dering the vessel incapable of fur- ther warlike service, in wccordance with paragraph III of this part, shall be commenced not later than the date of completion of its suc- cessor and shall be finished with- in six months from the date of such completion. The vessel shall be finally scrapped. in accordance Wwith paragraph IT of this part, Within eighteen months from the date of completion ‘of its suc- cessor. If, however, the comples tion of the new vessel be delayed, e work of rendering the ld vessel incapable of further warlike service, in accordance with Incapable of furt service was commencehvfr Fasiike Replacement. The replacement of capital and aircraft carriers :n‘nl} “abe place according to the rules in section I and th fetion 1 and the tables fn section Section I. Rules for Replacement, (@) Capital ships and aircraft carriers twenty years after the date of their completion may, ex- cept as otherwise provided in ar- ticle VIII and in the tables in sec- tion II of this part, be replaced by new construction, but within the limits prescribed in article IV and article VIL The keels of such construction may, except as others Wwise provided in article VIII and in the tables In section II of this part, be laid down not earlier than seventeen years from the date of completion of the tonnage to be replaced, provided, however, that no capital ship tonnage, with the exception of the ships referred to in the third paragraph of article II, and the replacement tonnage specifically mentioned in section II of this part, shall be laid down ;l;lzt:l ten years from November 12, (b) Each of the contracti powers shall communicate prDml;ltg- 1y to each of the other contracting powers the following Information: (1) The names of the capital ships and aircraft carriers to be replaced by new construction; (2) The date of government au- 'tlhorlzanon of replacement ton~ age; (3) The date of laying the keels of replacement tonnage; (4) The standard displacement in tons and metric tons of each new ship to be 1laid down, and the principal dimensions, namely, length at waterline, extreme beam at or below waterline, mean draft at standard displacement; \ (5) The date of complettion of each new ship and its standard dis- placement in tons and metric tons, and the principal dimensions, namely, length at waterline, ex- treme beam at or below waterline, mean draft at standard displace- ment, at time of completion. (c) In ease of loss or accidental| destruction of capital ships or air- craft carriers, they may imme-' diately be replaced by new construc- tion subject to the tonnage limits prescribed in articles IV and VII and in conformity with the other provisions of the present treaty, the regular replacement program being deemed to be advanced to that extent. (d) No retained capital ships or aircraft carriers shall be recon- structed except for the purpose of providing means of defense against air and submarine attack, and sub- ject to the following rules: The contracting powers may, for that purpose, equip existing tonnage with bulge or blister or anti-air attack deck protection, providing the increase of displacement thus effected does not exceed 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) displacement for each ship. No alterations in side amor, in caliber, number or general type of mounting of main armament shall be permitted ex- cept: (1) In the case of rFance and Italy, which countries within the limits allowed for bulge may in crease their armor protection and the caliber of the guns now ca ried on their existing capital sl 80 as not to exceed sixteen inches (406 millimeters); and (2) the British empire shall be per- mitted to complete, in the case of the Renown, the alterations to armor that have already been com- menced, but temporarily sus- Deuded. | l ! I ' FEBRUARY 1, 1922. BECTION T REPLACEMENT AND SCRAPPING OF CAPITAL SHIPS. UNITED STATES. Ships retained. + Summary. Ships Ships Pre- Post Year. lalddown. completed, Ships scraj (age in parentheses). Jutland. | Nebra: North clusetts (), Lexington (0). Gonatl 2" ships ing with the provi vo West Virginia 3, C, D, e and completed in the years complyl tiw Note.—. ment, laid 4o REPLACEMENT AND SCRAPP BRITISH EMPIRE, Ships retained. Summary. Ships Ships re- Poste Year. lald down, completed. Ships scrapped (age In parentheses). Jutland. Communwenlth (16), Agamemnon (13), Dreadnought (15) Maine (20), Missouri (20), 2 (1 in (0), Ranger (0), United States (0) 17 1 Delaware (12), North Dakota (12) B3 b 3 15 8 i 3 i 3 19 8 b 3 i 3 8 15 3 1B 8 Florida '(23), Ut ). Wyoming (32). 12 5 Arkansas (23), Texas (31), New York (2) 8 7 Nevada (20), Oklahoma (30). 7 8 Arizona (21), Pennsylvania ( w B, 20 Mississippi (21) 5 4 New Mexico ( 2 13 Tennessee (20) 11 California_(20), Maryiand (. o 1 ¥ retain the Oregon and Illi ns of Part 2, 111, (b). 5. . represent individual capital ships of 35,000 tons standard displace- Virginia (17), k: 1), New Jer- Carolina (0), lowa (0), Mass: Constellation (0), Sarat ‘West 'Virginia c cif G OF CAPITAL SHIPS. & Bellerophon (12), St. Vincent (1), Inflexible (13), Superb 12), Neptune (10), Hercuies '(10), In- domitable (13), Temeraire (12), New Zealand (9), Lion (9). Princess’ Royal 9), Conqueror (9), Monarch (8), Orion (9), Australin (8), Agincourt (7), Erin 4 building o projected. 21 1 21 1 21 1 2 1 17 8 17 3 17 3 17 3 17 H 17 H 17 8 17 3 17 3 13 L3 ) e ] 7 ), Rosal Sovereign (30) 7 8 Resolution (21) g » 2 1 0 0 P pire'may retain the Col after complying with the provisions of Part 1Two 35,000-ton ships, standard dispiac m B, C, D, etc., represent indiv e Note.—A, B, ment 1aid down and completed in the years specified. REPLACEMENT AND SCRAPPING OF CAPITAL SHIPS, -~ "FRANCE. Ships laid down. Ships complete Ship Provence Lorraine ithin ‘fonnage lmitation % N ot France expressly reserves the right e may consider advisable, subject solely to ships should not surpass 35.000 tons, and EPLACEMENT AND SCHAFTING OF CAPITAL SHIPS. Ships retained. lgummnPry. Ships Ships re- Post- 1aid down. completed. J'I,Aunld ] 3 13 8 8 8 8 8 5 5 4 4 [E31) 3 avous (21), 1 Andrea Doria (21 ° ‘number not fix as she a1 Ships whould not surpass 33.000 tons, and Paris (20), number not fixed. es the right of employing the capital shi ubject solely to the limitations that the dispiacement of xnd;vld. eep. Ships retained. scrapped (age in parentheses) Bretagne (20) @) CS0CSOONI AR DTN NN, of employing the the limitations thi that the total capital ship tonnage should Within the limits imposed by the present treaty. REPLACEMEXT AND SCRAPTING OF CAPITAL SHIPS. Ships retatned. ‘Summary. 1218 do Spleted. _ Ships scrapped (age in parentheses) Flatiand,” 3 own, complet s scrappe A Xear e 2 Hisen 2020y Ak (90). Kashima (16), Katori (i6), Satsuma ) Settsu (10), Ikor Kurama (1 B (0). . A Kago (0)#Tosa (0), Takso (0). 0). « Iald dow: K Hiyei (21), Hi 930 Kirishima '(21) . 1937 Fuso (22) .. 1938 H, Yamushiro (31) . 939 1, E, Tee (22) 1940 @, Hiuga (23). 1941 {l» 2(‘2)“ 2% pa in the Shikishima and Asahi for non-combatant Durposes, after complying with the lons of Part 2, IIL, (b, prov! Note.—. gy feprevent in vidual capital ships of 85,000 tons standard displace- Note.—A, B, C, D, etc. ‘.un resen! e l‘xed ips disp] in the i ment, laid down and compl Applicable to All the Tables in frate Section IL The order above prescribed in which ships are to be scrapped is in accordance with their age. It is understood that when replacement begins according to the above tables the order of scrapping in the case of the ships of each of the con- tracting powers may be varied at its option; provided, however, that such power shall scrap in each year the number of ships above stated. Part 4. Definitions. For the purposes of the present treaty, the following expressions are to be understood in the sense defined in this part. Capital Ship. 5 ital ship, in the case of ships haee:?er built, is defined as a ves- sel of war, not an afrcraft carrier, whose displacement exceeds 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement, or which carries a gun with a caliber exceeding 8 inches (203 millimeters). Afreraft Carrier. An afrcraft carrier is defined as a vessel of war with a displacement in excess of 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement designed for the specific and exclu- sive purpose of carrying alrcraft. It must be so constructed that aircraft can be launched therefrom and landed thereon, and not designed and constructed for carrying a more powerful armament than that al- lowed to it under Article IX or Article X as the case may be. Standard ‘Displacement. The standard displacement of a ship is the displacement of the ship complete, fufly manned, engined and equipped ready for sea, includ- ing all armament and nmmnnmolk equipment, outfit, provisions an fresh water for crew, miscellaneous stores and implements of every de- scription that are intended to be carried in war, but without fuel or reserve feed water on board. The word “ton” in the present treaty, except in the expression “metric_tons,” shall be understood to mean the ton of 2,240°pounds (1,016 kilos). Vessels now completed shall re- taln their present ratings of dis- placement tonnage in acco: with their national system of meas- - 0"(0),” Atago Projected program 8 ships mnot COOMNEANImEBDB®DDDEDRD BOD0IB TR 1IN urement. However, & power ex- pressing displacement in metric tons shall be considered for the ap- plication of the present treaty as owning only the equivalent displace- ment In tons of 2,240 pounds. vessel completed hereafter shall be rated at its displacement tonnage when In the standard con- dition defined herein. CHAPTER III. Misecellaneous Provisions. ARTIC] XXL If during the term of the pres- ent treaty the requirements of the national security of any con- tracting power in respect of naval defense are, in theé opinion of that power, materially affected by any change of circumstances, the con=- tracting powers will, at the re- quest of such power, meet in co: ference with a view to the reco: sideration of the provisions of th treaty and its amendment by mu- tual agreement. In view of possible technical and scientific developments, the United States, after consultation with the other contracting powers, shall ar- range for a conference of all the contracting powers, which shall convene as soon as possible after the expiratiom of eight years from the coming into force of the present treaty to consider what changes, if any, in the treaty may be necessary to meet such develop- ments. ARTICLE XXIL Whenever any contracting power shall become engaged in a war ‘which in its opinion affects the naval defense of its national se- curity, such power may after no- tice to the other contractin powers suspend for the period ol hostilities its obligations under the present treaty other than those under articles XIIT and XVII, pro- vided that such power shall notify the other contracting powers that the emergency is of such a char- u‘cm as to require such suspen- slon. The remaining contracting powers shall in such case consult together with a view to agree- ment as to what temporary modifi- cations, if any, should be made in the treaty as between themselves. Should such consultation not pro- duce agreement, duly made fn ac- cordance with the constit: mothods of the ve cla 0 15 nois, for non-combatant purposes, after nt. 1 capital ships of 35,000 tons standard displace- have been composed, and the results are tonnage allotment displacement of individ- that the total capital ship tonnage should keep within the llmits imposed by the present treaty. tonnage aliotment ownership or safeguarding of the rights of a great assortment of prop- - any one of said contracting powers may, by giving notice to the other contracting powers, suspend for the period of hostllities its obliga- tions under the present treaty, other than those under articles XIII and XVIL On the cessation of hostilities the contracting powers will meet in conference to consider what modifications, if any, should be made In the provisions of the pres- ent treaty. ARTICLB XXIIL The present treaty shall remain in force until December 31, 1936, and In case none of the contract- ing powers shall have given notice two years before that date of its intention to terminate the treaty, it shall continue in force until the expiration of two years from the date on which notice of termina- tion shall be given by one of the contracting powers, Whereupon the treaty shall terminate as re- CHINA WINS ALL IN SHANTUNG CASE Terms of Agreement With Japan End Possible Cause of War in Far East. BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS. A final settlement of the Shantung qQuestion has been reached, after thirty- 8ix conferences between the Chinese and Japanese representatives, extending over & period of two months. All differences set forth in a document of 700 pages, which has been made public. The compromise—for such it is—was ef- fected only after an appeal to the big mandarin in the White House, whose prestige and power are So great in China that the delegation was instructed to comply with his suggestions. Otherwise, the Chinese might have held out to the very wrecking of the conference. Points China Gains. China wins everything except the appointment of a traffic manager; but that officer is now, by the agreement, 80 hedged about with restrictions and safeguards that the Chinese think that they will have real control of the road. To Americans the deadlock over the appointment of a single of- ficial seemed incomprehensible, but the explanation is that whoever con- trolled the traffic manager controlled the line, its employes and its busi- ness. Everybody’s face is saved, in the present agreement, by making the traffic manager subordinate to a Chinese managing director, who will have authority to hire and to fire. Even the traffic manager himself is removable for cause by the stipuls- tions. In any case his job is only for five years, and at the end of two and a half years he is to have a Chinese assistant. Co-equal Chinese and Japahese accountanis are pro- vided for. Furthermore, by the re- turn of the road to China, it becomes an integral part of the Chinese gov- ernment railways, and so subject to the additional oversight of the min- ister of communications, and to the general agreements and inspections that operate upon other lines, includ- ing the rules for distribution of cars, thus preventing discrimination. All the Japanese troops go from the | dividual. line, and as many of the Japanese employes as the managing director sees fit to replace with Chinese. Fifteen Years for Payment. Ownership returns at once to China, and it is to be paid for over a term of fifteen years, which the Chinese have the option of reducing to five years. The payments are to be in the form of treasury notes, secured by the rallway property itself, which is presumably twice as valuable as the price which Japan is paid for one- half of it. This sum is thizty million dollars, Mexican—the dollar in China being at present worth 60 cents in American money. In gold currency the money involved 1s thus $18,000,000. It will not be necessary for China to raise a popular loan to pay for the road, as the sum can be met out of the earnings, the railway men say. These two items—the traffic man- ager and the form of payment—were the sticking points in the discussion. But in the 700-page agreement there are a multitude of items, many of them intrinsically more important than the two in controversy. The city and port of Tsingtao go back to Chinese_control, as an open settle- ment. While the Chinese promise to consider the wishes of the large num- ber of Japanese residents of the city who have acquired property there since the Germans were driven out, these Japanese have no special rights or privileges. Mines Under Chinese Charter. Mines in Shantung are henceforth to be operated under a Chinese charter, and it is written that the Japanese may not hold more than 50 gards all the contracting powers. Such notice shall be communicated in writing to the government of the United States, which shall immediately tranemit a certified copy of the notification to the other powers and inform of the date on which it was received. The notice shall be deemed to have been given and shall take effect on that date. In the event of notice of termination being given by the government of the United States, such notice shall be given to the diplomatic representatives at Washington of the other con- tracting powers, and the notice shall be deemed to have been given and shall take effect on the date of the communication made to the said diplomatic representa- tives. Within one year of the date on which a notice of termination by any power has taken effect, all the contracting powers shall meet in conference. ARTICLE XXIV. The present treaty shall be rati- watched with interest. Tae effect of this Shantung settlement upon the re- union movement which Gen. Wu Pe!- fu is leading in China is problematical. Certainly capital for disunion will be made of the issue by the south China party. Washington i{s naturally more interested to know what the influence of the decision, as of the whole con- ference, will be in the western states, where Japan has few friends Possible War ,Cause Removed Probably the average hard-headed American who takes the trouble to read any full summary of the terms of the Shantung settlement will declare that the compromise is reasonable; for while Ja- pan has saved her face, Cnina has saved her province and her rallway. What is more important, a grave and trouble- some question has been removeda from the list of possible causes of war in the far east. The way of peace has won. ‘This Washington conference has been the means of settling the Shantung question, whica proved too hard for Versailles, and which also, was a factor in keeping America out of the league of nations. (Copyright, 1922.) FARNERS VARNED OFRADCALSH President of Federation Points to Cheaper Trans- portation as Solution. By the Associated Press. COLUMBUS, Ohio, February 1.— Radicalism will increase in the event of delayed agricultural economic ad- justments, J. R. Howard, president of the American Farm Bureau Federa- tion, declared in an address today at farmers’ week at Ohio State Univer- sity here. “The agricultural confer- ence called by President Harding last week showed at the start a wind cur- rent toward the farmer-labor move- ment,” he said. “My mail brings me daily proposals from all quarters demanding such ex- pedients as the government making direct real estate loans to the farmers at 2 or 3 per cent by currency issue or the refunding of all liberty and victory bonds with a federal cur- rency,” Mr. Howard said. “Men forget that too much printing press and too little intrinsic vaiue is at the seat of Europe's trouble today, and that ‘assignate’ helped provoke the French revolution.” “I' want to urge upon you the necessity for careful thought and action,” he told the farmers gathered to hear him speak. “It is well to re- member that in matters of business the state is less efficient than the in- Men may create govern- ments, but governments cannot make men. “Personally,” he declared, “I ap- prove that constructive radicalism which provokes serious thought. It spells progress. 1 will go the limit regarding co-operative marketing and government supervision of all public utilities. But I must draw the line on an ‘ism’ that is destructive and not constructive, particularly if de- structive of that greatest of all hu- man agencies—personal Initiative. “I deplore a growing tendency on the part, not only of some farmers, but other men in high places, to stress the functioning of government too nimch and of the individual too lit- tle.” Two things must happen in the way of a_solution of agriculture's ills, Mr. Howard said—the development of new and cheaper lines of transporta- tion and the greater development of electricity, so that it may be applied to transportation fully. WOMEN STRONG FACTORS IN SWEDISH ELECTIONS Less Than Half of Them Voted, But Male Voters Similarly Fail- ed to Record Large Vote. STOCKHOLM, January 13.—Less than balf of the women of Sweden entitled to vote exercised their newly won fran- chise rights at the polls in the elections of 1921, the first year of full suffrage for women, according to a report of the Swedish central bureau of statistics, just magde public. However, the official Teports of the 1921 elections give the per cent of the stock. Transfer ofsuffragist leaders at least two causes erty, from anese shrines to Ger- man docks, are all particularized in the huge document, which will be the largest single literary product of the conference. The wealth of detail cov- ered is bewildering, and the effect of it all is to give Shantung, and all the special privileges the Japanese have acquired in Shantung, back to China. 8o much for the bare facts of the case. An It should be noted that the conversations have proceeded on a basis of existing facts rather than on legalistic grounds. For it is com- monly overlooked that while Japan has held Shantung as a result of the “twenty-one demands,” of 1915, there has also been an agreement of much later date, 1918, wherein China con- sented to a joint Sino-Japanese own- ership and control of the railway. These two sets of documents, as well as the Versailles treaty, were set aside by conferees, and they proceeded on the basis of the present state of 0} thlz:‘rlo important than any of the itmes set forth in this document which ends the perilous and famous Shantung question is the effect it will have upon China, Japan and America, ° Effects Most Vital Already word has come from Peking that China has yielded to a compro- mise agreement because she could not stand up egainst Anglo-Saxon pressure. Practically, this means that the responsibility will be put up to President Harding. The Japanese will naturally olaim that America sup- rted them, and the critics of the ::tuem.nt in China will charge that ica has betrayed them. A ‘effect of the settlement fl llnd ‘which for rejoicing. The men did not show a much better record than the women, and the num- ber of woman voters exceeded the male voters in the capital, Stockholm, by more than 5,000 voters. The official report shows that 47.1 per cent of the Swedish woman voters cast their ballots, while 61.9 per cent of the men voted. The total women's vote in the city of Stockholm was 76,566, while the vote cast by men was 71,198. ‘The general impression throughout the country seems to be that the Swedish women have not fully realized the im- portance and significance of their new privilege. It is believed that ja the fu- ture they 'will make a better showing at the_polis. The heavy woman's vote in Stock- holm, which is to a IIT extent an in dustrial city, may indicate that tI working woman, especially woman trade union members, grasped the opportunizy to register their votes. However, other ‘women cannot be said to have neglected the as a whole. TRIBUTE TO SHACKLETON. Argentine Deputies Honor Ant- arctic Explorer. BUENOS AIRES, January 31—The Argentine chamber of deputies at the opening of its new session today stood in silent tribute to Sir Ernest Shackleton, the British explorer, who died January § on board the steamer Quest, in the south Atlantia The tribute was paid after Deputy F'r: gonl bad delivered a eulogy of the | th e ad explorer. Previously the members had paid homage to the late Pope Benedict. On the conclusion of this Deputy Frugoni asked that the members of the cham- ber pay their respects to “the worker in t:n religion that has no temples s called scien the great explorer Shackleton.” Sir Ernest personally was .well krown in Buenos Aires, whence he nn;'m,z on one of his antarctice trips in Full Text of Treaty Limiting Naval Armament of Great World Powers Adopted at Parley fled by the contracting powers in accordance with their respective constitutional methods and shall take effect on the date of the de- pesit of all the ratifications, Wwhich shall take place at Wash- ington as soon as possible. The government of the United States will transmit to the other con- tracting powers a certified copy of the proces-verbal of the de- Posit of ratifications. The present treaty, of which the English and French texts are both authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the government of the United States, and duly tified copies thereof shall be trans- mitted by that government to the other contracting powers. In faith whereof th named plenipotentiaries signed the present treaty. Done at the city of Washing- ton the 1st day of February, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two. HIGH SCHOOLS GET 1,35 MORE PUPILS Numerous Promotions Made With Opening of the Sec- ond Semester. Unceremoniously the second sem ter of the 1921-1922 scholastic year in the District public schools was ushered in today by the promotion of thousands of children to higher grades. One thousand three hundred and ninety eighth-grade pupils went into the already crowded high schools, re- sulting in greater congestion in these institutions than ever before. Of this number 1,023 were white pupil Central High School, taxed bevond capacity for several years, enrolled the largest number of the pupils pro- moted from the eighth grade of the elementary schools. According jo figures compiled by school officials 297 graduuates from the graded schools were entered at Centra Tech High School was next, above- have with 242 eighth-grade g and Busi- ness third with 223 n enrolled reshmen, and in most instances they were excused from achool today and told to report tomorrow. To accommodate the over- flow school officials have decided to place the new high school students in part-time classes operating in the afternoon. High School Popularity. Discussing the congestion high schools, authorities emphasized that Washington is strictly a high school ci hey pointed out_that between 15 and 17 per cent of the school ‘population of the National Capital is in the high schools, while in other cities the number of pupils in the senior institutions is between 6 and 7 per cent of the entire school enroliment. “Every parent in Washington who has ‘a child in the public schools,” said an official, “strives to give a high school education. This counts for the large percentage the high school enrollment a pared with the graded sclioc How many new pupils were en- rolled in the elementary schools to- day officials were not able 1o ascor- tain. It will be several days before the ‘supervising principals turn in their reports to the officials, and until then the latter will be unable to complle new enroliment figures. The increase in_enrollment in the high schools will necessitate the an- pointment of between twelve and fif- teen additional teachers. The ap- pointments will be made today and submitted to the board of education for approval at its meeting this aft- ernoon at the Franklin School. POLAND ANXIDUSLY AWAITS VOTE TIVE First President of Republic Will Be Chosen by Na- tional Assembly. ‘WARSAW, January 11.—Poland, politically, is eagerly looking for- ward to the summer elections when the first president of the new republic will be chosen by a national assembly composed of representatives of both chambers of the diet. Joseph Filsudski, who was appoint- ed chief of the state just after Po- land was declared a republic late in 1918 and has lheid oftice since under a provisional constitution, is understood among politiciaus 1o Le one of the presidential candidates Several other names have been men- toned, but the newspaper editocict writers appear ressonably confident that the chief contenders will be Pilsudski, Vincent Witos, former pre- mier and the present leader of the in the of com- peasant party in the diet, and Wojclech Trampeczynski, speaker of the diet. Paderewski Non-Committal. There also has been much specula- tion among politicians as to whetker Ignace Jan Paderewski, pianist and formerly premier, would enter the presidential race, but no definite an- nouncenient has ever been mude one way or the other. For nearly 2 year Paderewski has been in America, spending most of his time in Paso Robles, Calif. Ignace Paderewski was recently quoted as saying at Paso Robies that he probably would return to Poland within four or five months, tiat ke considered himself at the service of his country and always ready for & call, but he did not think he would accept the presidency if it were of- fered to him. He added that he had no intention to take part in govern- mental affairs. AID TO GERMANY ENDED. Fess Says No Further Credit Will Be Extended by U. S. AKRON, Ohlo. February 1. — The United States government will neither extend any further credit to Germany nor cancel Germany’s loans, as may be proposed at the approaching Genoa conference, Representative Simeon D. Fess of Ohlo declared in an address here. “One of the propositions slready made for suggestion at the Genoa conference is that we extend further goverament credits to Germany,” Mr. Fess said. “Germany already owes us $11,000.- 000,000, and she has not been able to pay the interest on any part of it. “We must go carefully in to 6 foreign economic situation. Europe is without ready money, abundant raw matecials and credit, but stili possesses labor, most of her soil and Industrial equipment. What she needs is stabili- mation and reorganization for universal employment of her people.” The value of the candles annually blessed at the Vatican by the Pope on Cundlemas day_is 1 _sgo.m JAL these are supposed to be burned, not a few annually are sent by - thusiasts to many parts of the world,