Evening Star Newspaper, December 10, 1921, Page 2

- 6t} B * ENVOTSSONTORK French and Ralian Claims . Form Deficate Problem for Arms Conferenee. BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. With an early settlement of the capital ship Tratio of the United | States, British and Japanese navi expected, the French and Italian naval . ¢xperts are putting the finishing fouches upon their data which will . be presented to the Washington con- ference when it shall undertake to fix the naval strength of those two <¢ountries. France and Italy, it is recognized, do not possess navies of strength comparable with these of the United States, Great Britaln and Japan to- day. Their representatives frankly admit that they do not expect to pos- $ess such navies, and say that their Peoples would not provide the money needed for constructing such fleets. But it is belleved by all five powers taking part in the present conference on limitation of armament that some ratio for the navies of France and Italy should be found before the con- erence concludes. While there have been reports to the effect that France would ask to . De. allowed a tonnage equal to that of Japan—not in capital ships, but in submarines and auxiliary craft— there has so far been no official con- firmation of the report, and the naval experts have closely guarded what Wwill be their recommendations. M. Viviani, head of the French dele- tion, has insisted that France dees not desire anything which is not in ac- cord with the Washington conference on the Hmitation of armament. decision t0 increase the personnel of the French navy, recently cabled to this country, he said, was taken a year be. fore~ ‘Washington conference was called. France, he said, has rot built anything since the war. Italy Naval Afms. 8o far as Italy is concerned, the de- gife of the delegation appears to be to have a navy equal in strength fo that of any other Mediterranean power, which means a navy equal in strength to that of France. The Ital- ians frankly say that they are mot greatly interested in the exact size of their navy, provided it is as great as that of other powers bordering the Mediterranean. They are not anxious to -increase their navy greatly and point_out that what this conference has been. called for is to reduce rather than provide for an increase in naval strength. There must be taken into considera- tion, however. the fact that beth France Italy were at a standatill during the war so far as building of their navies. They bent all their en- crgies and expended their money In keeping land armies in the fleld. For that reason there is an in- clination in America and other quar- ters to allow for some increase in the navies of those nations. and to per mit a replacement of many of their vessels now obsolete witht vessels up- tv-date. Ratio Basis Hard to Fix. . .In fixing the 5-5-3 ratio for the eapital ships of the navies of the United States, Great Britain and Japan, the American proponents of 1his ratio_took into comsideration one ‘factor alone—the existing naval strength of these countries. If the isting naval strength of the French #ind Ttallan navies 1% ised as the basis of fixing their ratiom, it was said to- rday in American naval circles, some injustice might be done them because + of the fact that during the werld war they abandoned their naval building and since the war ended have dome ! practically nothing in way of build- ing up their fleets. It is recognized that if the prin- ciple of existing. naval strength Is abandoned in fixipg- naval ratiols, it ay be difficult to fingd a basis for on. Whether the pre-war naval strength of these nations as compar- ed to that of the other powers may he considered is not indicated. In capital ship tonnage both France und Italy are-far behind the other three powers. It was said at the Italian headquarters today that they have now only six capital ships, with a total tonnage of about 120,008 tons. Since the close of the war, it was said, the Italians have scrapped four of their superdreadnaughts— their largest ships—because they believed there was to be peace. One of the vessels was sold. Present Naval Foree. Other vessels of the Italiaw navy were given as § armored cruisers, 10 Jight cruisers, 8 ‘floating leaders and 3 building; 52 destroyers and 16 building. and 43 submarines and 4 building. According to a report of the British ‘admiralty made last July, the French *have eleven battleships, but many of them are mot of recent camstruction. Their total tonnage would run close to 3 had profected the 06: report gi and give light cruisers, with six of the Iatter building. Italy is given by the ‘same report five cruisers and ten light France is given seventy toi FPuilding six and Ttaly three. ; . France is insistent that in fixing any inaval strength for her, she be given a enerous allowance of submarines and mineg; for the defense of her coast ug‘ too, regards the submarine as 2 dive 'Otlpvll. produced at com- ynnytluly little cost, and desires an qqual share of these vessels. i Problem Is Dellcate. 1.1t France should ask for a ratio of Jthree as compared to the 5-5-3 of the _three big naval powers, strong resistance may be expected from the British dele- _;gation, it is said. This would mean “that if Italy also had a ratio of three, _combined CHINA FIRST SUBJECT BEFORE . PLENARY SESSION OF PARLEY (Contirued from First Page.) / the Root resolutions, declared that they were a “definite statement of principles™ and that it was unneeessary for further diacussion, he believed, in that all dele- gates were members of the far eastern committee, Hughes said also the resolution ‘was an assurance that as between pow- ers there would be careful observance of the principles.of free and equal op- portunity and that none would seek spe- clal advantages or privileges at the ex- pense. of the rights of others. All that was necessary, he added, was to have the formal assent of the conference, and he invited China's aseent. Chimese Accept Invitation. The Clumese accepted the invitation and the resolution was approved unani- mously. The committee resolution of November 29, dectaring in’principle for #bolition | of ‘the extraterritorial rights in China, | was then presented for formal action. | A waxe of applause from the gallery | followed the adoption of the Root reso- lutions. Secretary Hughes then proceeded to} deal wita other matters on the agenda. “The first of these,” said Mr. Hughes, “related to China, territoriality and ad- ministrative integrity. As the first prin- ciple (of the Root resolutions) adopted fully covered that matter, the committee proceeded tn deal with special instances, special matters, in the application of this principle. Series of Proposftions. “In the course of the general dis- had led many Americans to wender why the alllance was continued after Germany and Ru ‘had collapsed and thus had removed much of the cause for the agreement. It had become apparent, said th British spokesmsn, that the alliance no longer was necessary; vet, he added, it was not easy for two nations casually to repudiate a compact that had linked them together for twenty years. i Solutien in Mezger. <The only solution, he said, found to be to “merge” the old ar- rangement into a new one embracing all the nations interested. “You have heard,” said Mr. Balfour, “an exposition by Senator Lodge of the contents of this treaty, admirable in its character, perfect In its literary form, and you have just heard the way in which this treaty strikes a great Frenehman. “So far as I am concerned,” Mr. Dalfour continued, “I Wwould most gladly leave the matter in their hands, 'for I have nothing te add to what they said upen thé general aspects of the' treat; Between Two Misunderstandings. He added that nothing was further from the original intention of Japan and Great Britain than that the al- liance “could touch in the remotest way,” the interests of the American government. b ‘Great Britain,” said Mr. Balfour, “found itself between two great mis- cussion there had been presented on|nderstandings; a misunderstanding if behalf of China a series of prupos tions,” he said. “The ‘fifth of these dealt with existing limitations of China’s jurisdictional procedure. “Mr. Hughes recited that the first question then dealt with was that of a full discussion the far eastern com- mittee had adopted the resolutions, ‘The| Which he read. Again China was asked to partiei- pate in formal approval of the com- mittee’s action and she did so, making the acceptance unamimous. Secretary Hughes did not present the resolution relative to foreign post offices in China, saying final action on it would be premature. It is under- stood the date of the withdrawal has not been finally fixed. Adopted in Sweessaion. In quick successian the resclutions relative to China's neutrality and pro- hibiting future 'treaties in conflict with the Root resolutions were unani- mously approved. - The resolution of December 7 re- garding radio factlities in China also was omitted from Secretary Hughes' report. He said the discussions were proceeding and other results would be reported later. After the conference had adopted the resoluc.ons agreed upon by the far eastern committee Mr. Hughes con- tinued “I may add that discussion of the| questions relating to China are still in progress and it is hoped, at least I may be allowed personally to ex- press hope, that these. resolutions al- ready adopted aund the consideration of other matters that are before the committee, may lead to an appropriate agreement in which the powers rep- resented may participate and to which other powers may have the oppor- tunity to adhere. May I hope that| something of that sort may lead from our “deliberations. Applanse Greets Lodge. Secretary Hughes then presented Senator Lodge to the conference, stat- ing that the semator had a matter to communicate which was not on the agenda, but which, Mr. Hughes said, should be brought to the attention of | the conference at the first opportu- nity. Protracted applause greeted Senator Lodge when he arose to present the four-power treaty and deliver his ad- dress. There was pronounced ipplause as Senator Lodge concluded the reading of the treaty draft. The semator's colleagues in the gallery listened with intense interest as he proceed- | ed with his address document. When the senator had finished reading the text of the treaty he was} interrupted by more than a minute of | applause. There was more applause when Mr. Lodge, proceeding with his: speech, said that no military force! lurked in the background of uul agreement. |4 Viviani Praises Treaty. Thereafter the speech repeatedly i H mhummwwu-.lfl"-[ Senator Lodge finished the galleries again joined in a wave of handclap- ping- Rene Viviani then presented the po- sition of Francé on the new treaty. Praising the instrumen® as a clear and precise presentation of a2 great prin- ciple, M. Viviani said France gladly accepted & place in the new interna- tional cancord. France, he said, never had hesitated to “seal with her blood™ the obdliga- tions she assumed, and she never would fail to do so whenever neces- sity arose in the future. M. ¥iviani said that France gave “full adhesion, without reservation, to the pact that has just been read.” Pledges Full Responsibility. “Permit me to say,” continued Mr. Viviani, “that France will assume. all of the ebligations that fall upen he: (in the treaty). France has never; declined to stand by her plighted word. When there has been a qur_s-! ! tion of standing by her plighted word or taking up arms France has never hesitated.’ The treaty be continued, was th fulfiliment of the “full accord of our will.” Explaining what he termed ts, M. Viviani re- gether. “Should any question arise,” i f i extraterritorial rights and that after; [& explaining the; worn agreement and replace it w | they continued the treaty; a misun- derstanding if they renounced the treaty.” As conceived, Mr. Balfour said the Anglo-Japanese alllance made no more application to the United States than it had “to Chile or Peru.” “I think that was the original view taken in the United States,” sald Mr. Balfour. “To what is it that the change of opinion is due? I think it is due to the fact that a state of interna- tional contention did arise in the Paci: fic area (and I hope that now the powers have set it at rest) and that critics in the United States began to say to themselves: “Why is there this treaty Japan and Great Britain? further interests does it serve Resuit of Aggression. ‘The Anglo-Japasese agreement was brought forth because of Russian d German aggression in the Far East, Mr. Balfour continued, and he said Americans asked themselves whiether there was now any further danger from Russia or Peril from Germany. “And when negative as they said_* continued? hetween What they answered in the they had to answere, vhy then is this treaty i fay it mot prove in- jurivos in duse strained relations should become more strained?” “I understand that point of view, said Mr. Balfour, adding that there was another viewpoint as to how the treaty affected relations between Great Britain an& Japan.” Net to Be Remounced. “This treaty,” the British spokes- man continued. “was not a treaty that had to be renounced. It ran un- til formally denounced by one of the parties. After all, it has been in ex- istence within a few days of twenty years. It had a great function in two great wars. When two nations bave been united in that fierly ordeal. y can’t at the end of it take off their hats and politely part as two strang- ers who have met in a railway train for a few hours. Something closer unites them than the mere words of the treaty. “So Great Britain found itself be- tween the possibility of two igisun- rstandings.” 'Mr. Balfour continued, “thé misunderstanding if we retained and the misunderstanding if we de- nounced the treaty. We have come now to the only possible way out to remove the differences. some of the great obstacles that were in the way {of a serene peace; the only solution possible was that we should annul, merge, destroy the ancient and out- ith something effective which would em- brace all of the powers concerned. : Pleased by Selution. “I have explained the frame of mind of my government in approaching this problem. The golution iz one which gives me a satisfaction I find it im- possible adequately to express in words. It so happens that I was at the head of the British administration which twenty years ago brought the first Anglo-Japanese alliance into existence. It so happens that I was the head of the British administration :vh{ch Ian:uzht h'l:;‘) exll!;nc- the ente between Great Britail France. Hp e “All of my life I have been & per- sistent advocate of the most intimate ::g fr(eltldslz'brellcgnnx ‘betwaen the greatest branches of the English- speaking race.” - At this point Mr. Balfour was forced to halt, while the audience broke into long and tumultuous applause. ‘Approves Hughes' Staiement. “You, therefore, see how deep is my, satisfaction,” he went on. “When & see the four great powlrs put their names to a treaty which for all tim s will lead to peace in the territory where the treaty breathes™ Mr. Balfour, turning to Secretary Hughes, declared that the latter's statement was perfectly accurate in the beginning of the conference, that the Anglo-Japanese alliance did not come within the four corners of the conference program. But 1no one who had hear§ Senator Lodge and M. Viviani, he added, could escape feeling that next to the reduc- po; -umn:‘lfn :l ano&her Wl of ® powers concermed WOl parties—not merely Great Britain and Japan. said, “should real!danger threaten, then the four nations will take coun- sel together.” 3 Cenferenee Has Suweceeded. “This conference,” said M. Viviani, “has tully and entirely succeeded. ™ Japan's Approval Veiced. Japan’s gratification over the new agreement was voiced in turn by Prince Tokugawa. All Japan, Prince Tokugawa said, Senator Lodge, the French spekes- man said, has shown in the outset af his address that it was sufficient to take steps for assurance of pedes ‘Britain jwithout military participation and From 110,000 Unemployed on March Last List. PARIS, Decemben 9.—The total umber of unemployed in France who aro receiving assistance from the government is 12,500, the chamber of [deputies was informed by Minister of bor Vincent today during a discus- e g@s'of March last, when 110,008 5:?- ‘without work were being by nt. s the governme: : 40,000 MEXICANS IDLE. ‘'would rejoice at the turn affairs had taken. He reciprocated Mr. Balfour's expressions of appreciation for the Anglo-Japanese alliance, but d« clared his confidence that the peace of the Pacific would be fully protected Dy the new arrangement. All Japan Approves sufficient for the peace = M. Viviani declared that since the armistice. people of the worid had been wondering whether all the great sacrifice of the war bad been in vain. “Some of the people were wondering whether justice would rise to its high- est point,” he said, “when the call for this conference was i ‘The peo- le of the world asked if it would end n idle talk—whether out of It would come night or light. “All Japan will approve the con- BRIAND TO CONFER WITHLLOYD EORGE Invited: to Diseuss Finances ” at Londom With Prime Minister. - By the Associated Proms. . PARIS, Decemher 10.— Aristide Briand, the French premier, may &0 to England before Christmas to meet David Lloyd George in response to an: invitation fram the British premfer which Louis Loucheur, the minister of devastated regions, has brought to Paris from London, where he has been cauferring . with Sir Robert Horne, the chancellor of the ex- chequer, regarding the financial situ- ation between Germany and the allies. In _ conversations with Premier |Lleyd George, M. ‘Leucheur added, the economic situation of the whole world was discussed, not merely of the allies or Germany. Both agreed it demanded close, deep study, where- upon Mr. Lloyd George asked M. Loucheur to invite Premier Briand to come to London as soon a8 pos- sible, preferably before Christmas. Mr. Lloyd George explained what he wanted was to get a broad knowl- edge ot the French viewpoint on the economic problems of the world. It is probable that M. Loucheur will accompany M. Briand when he goes to London. Mects Rathenan by Chance. | 1t was by pure chance, satd the iminister of devastated regions, that Ihe met Dr. Watter Rathenau, the former Germam minister of .recon- struction. The latter told him he was at London in connection with nego- tiations of a general character, but had no official mandate from the gov- ernment. M. Loucheur expressed himself as convinced that the mission to Eng- land of Hugo Stinnes, the German capitalist, had completely failed. Loucheur will see Premier PBriand this morning, when he will report the results of his visit and convey the invitation of the British prime minister. — powers, including China,” interested in the far east. He was convinced that “satisfactory solution can be found for remaining questions that effect China's sovereignty and aspira- tions.” Promises Dh. ie-Heakted Help. The Chinese spokesman promised “whole-hearted help in the mainten- ance of most friendly relations” in the Pacific and far east. Jonkheer van Karnebeek, speaking for the Netherlands, said in his coun- try the treaty would be received with the full belief that it would go far toward bringing about a permanent and lasting peace. Baron de Cartier for Belgium, de- clared he “concurred with all my eart”-in the expressions that had been made around the table. A like expresgion was made by Viscount 'Alte, for Portugal. Secretary Hughes Smiles. Chairman Hughes, his face wreathed in smiles, spoke brietty when au vt the-delegations had been heard. “Gentlemen,” he said, “we have been dealing with a very simple question. 1 doubt if in ali the worid there may found a diplomatic document of { such great import couched in such simple terms. “I firmly believe that when this agreement takes effect we shall have gone farther in securing an enduring peace than by anything that has yet been done.” The chairman announced that, agreeable, to all. the conference woulld adjourn, subject to the calt of the chair, meanwhile to consfder in com- mittee other questions the settlement of which would assure for the future traniquillity in this war-weary world.™ The crowd started out of the hall before Mr. Hughes* closing statement could be translated into French.| At 1:16 the conference adjourned without having given attention to the question of a naval ratio. TEXT OF SENATOR LODGE'S SPEECH IN LAYING PACT BEFORE CONFERENCE (Continued from First Page.) lands. Therefore an agreement & of its tranquillity to the good faith of the nations responsible for it. The We all believe deep in our hearts that this hide- ous destruction of this_suf- fering and ruin which still deset to come the nations of the earth sre still in the innermost recesses of longing for conquests, of partition and no allowances can stay them; but if, as I firmiy the world has learned a frighi lesson from the awful expe: of the great war of 1914, then our surest in order to prevent wars in the future must be to the hearts, the sympathies, the reason and the higher impuises of man- ki Such an appeal we make to- day by this agreement among four great nations.. We rely upon their goed faith to carry out the terms of this iustrument, knowing thal by so doing they will [ controversies ever arise and enshrines. “Agreements of this kind I know have often been made before, only to fail. But there has boen a far- condi- L. r it ! Miss Kataro Machizuki, Opposition Party Leader, Outines View " io Newspaper Men. ‘An interesting suggestion to for- ‘ward the desimes of peace and trust and understanding between the United tes and Japan was advanced by Kotaro Mochisuki at a dinner given by him last night at the Shoreham Hotel for-representatives of the lead- ing newspapers. of America’ and Japan. Mr. Mochizuki, who is a leading fig- lure in the kenseikai, the'opposition party in the Japanese parliament, and representing his party as an observer at the arms conference, proposed in a specch that every two years twenty members of Congress and twenty nembers of the Japanese pariiament should meet first in Washington and then in Tokio and exchange views on pertinent subjects and bring back to their own country a better apprecia- tion of the ideals and feelings of the other. g Will Push Propasal. He. also disclossd a plan on which he is: working to have each year a rmun of American journalists from eading papers. visit Japan and newspaper men visit America in order that through their eyes the people of. both countries will be brought closer togather and as far as pessible clear away all misunder- standings between the two powers Mr. Mochizuk{ is returning to Ja- pan shortly and it is his intention to push. this project of his in parliament and in that way bring it before the Japanese people for their approval. Japanese* He also said that he is taking back %0 his people & message of peace and' friendship from President Harding that, he believes, will convince them more than ever of the. sincerity and whole-heartedness of the leader of the movement for 2 world under- standing and universal peace. Guests at Dinner. Among the guests of the dinner were: Ira E. Bennett, the Washington Post; Mr. Debuchi, counselor of the anese embassy; Avery C. Mark: preaident National Press Club; J. Sharkey, Associated Press, of Tokio; D. D. L. McGrew, counselor of the Japanese delegation; Maj. F. Alex- ander Powell, war correspondent; ‘Wingrove Bathon. American counsel- or to Mr. Mochizuki; Capt. yok- awa, Imperial Japanese navy; M. Ito, Jiji Shimpo, Tokio; Mr. Elmer Rob- orts, Associated Press, Paris: Rev. Tsunashima. representing the Chris- tian Churches of Japan; Frank war corresponden imperial Griswold Hill, Kauffmann. Seit Mochizuki. To! aka Mai-Nichi; Mr. Otagiri to the Japanese delegation: John Bell Smaltwood. Washington Star: Lynn Lamm, Benjamin Lambe, the Nation's Business; Mark Sullivan, New York Evening Post; Mr. Suzuki. Osaka Ashi; Kirk _Simpson, Associated Prems; Cloyd Gill. Washington Times; Hayes, Washington Herald; Setsuzo Ino, Japanese secretary to Mr. Mochizuki, and Harvey W. Root, American secretary to Mr. Mochizuki. Phili 1. Ww. WOMEN IN CONFERENCE ON WORLD ARMAMENTS Jane Addams Presides Over Meeting of Representatives From Many States. With representatives from practi- cally every section of the country in attendance and Miss Jane Addams in the chair, a conference to discuss world disarmament opened at the Grace Dodge Hotel toda In a brief address Miss Addams announced that she had called a con- ference of the members of the Wom- en’s International League for Peace and Freedom to meet here while the limitation of armament conference was in session, when it is expected that the women will take formal ac- tion regarding their demands for world disarmament. The early session of the confer- ence was devoted entirely to reading of reports by Mrs. George T. Odell, head of the local office of the organi- zation; Miss Emily Balch, interna- tional secretary of the league, on a two months' leave in this country, whe detailed the findings of the three German conferences she at- tended during the summer. Later luncheon was served in the hotel, where those to deliver ad- dresses included Miss Balch, Mre. Gif: Against Butler, Liberal Callege League; Mrs. Charles Edward Russell, a member of the committee on amnesty; Miss Emma Wold of the women’s commit- tee on world disarmament and Mrs. F. K. Matthes of Chicago, who out- lined the work of the organization in that city. Amnouncement was made at the luncheos. that a mass meeting will be beld at the Masonic Temple, 13th street and New York avenue, tomor- row afternoon at 2:30 o'clock, when world disarmament will be the topic of discussion. The speakers will be Miss Addams, Mrs. Raymond Robins, Mme. Inouye of Japan, Iyok Zoe Dang of Chins. Garja Barish of Russia, oks o Julis-Lathrop will preside. .BILL AGAIN GOES OVER. Lehlbach Reclassification Measure Not Considered Today. The. Lehlbach reclassification bill fatled again today to get considera- tion in the House. The Walsh bill, for tweaty-two additional lederal district judges throughout the country waa still under consideration as unfinished business. the|in the treaty between Great ‘While members of Congress inter-| ested in the reclassification legisiation were in the ' Secretary Hughes' statement today to the conference follows: « “F have the honor to report to the conference that most satisfactory progress has been made in the work of the committee appointed to deal with Pacific and far eastern questions: That committee, in aocordance with th> procedure recommended by the standing committee on program and! procedure, at first permitted general discussion of the question before the committee and then proceeded to take up the topics specially indicated under the head of Pacific and eastern questions in the tentative agenda proposed by the American goverament. . “The first subject considered was China. In the course of the general discussion most important declarations were made on behalf of the powers represented, expressing their inten- tions to respect the sovereignty, in- dependence and administrative integ- rity of China, and also to observe as among themselves the prineiple - of fair and equal opportunity. “It seemed to the committee advi able that before proceeding to a con- sideration of particylar matters, in- dicated by the agenda, to which I have referred, this general statement of intention, that is, the sense of the committee with respect to the mat- ters, which had been discussed, should be formulated in a definite statement of principle. Root Prepares Statement. “Accordingly, at the request of the committee, Mr. Root prepared a state- mens of these principles, and the com- mittee in a resolution adopted them, recommending a statement for formal adoption by the conference. There was a general discussion in the committee, and as all the dele- gates to the conference are members of that committee, I assume that it is not desired that there should be a general discussion. But it is Impor- tant, 1 take it, that at this oppor- tunity, the first one that has been pre- sented since the action of the com- mittee, the recommendation of the committee should be acted upon by this conference. “The resolution adopted by the com- said, is this ‘It is the firm intention of the powers attending this conference hereinafter -mentioned, to wit. the United States of America, Belgium, the British Empire, France, Italy, Japan. the Netheriands and Portugal: I Reapect Integrity of China. | “‘1. To respect the sovereignty, the independence and the territorial and administrative integrity of China. *'2. To provide the fullest and most unembarrassed opportunity to China to develop and to maintain for herself {an effective and stable government. ‘3. To use their influence for the purpose of effectually establishing and maintaining the principle of equal iopportunities for the commerce and industry of all nations throughout the territory of China, and “4. To refrain from taking advan- tage of the present conditions in or- der to seck special rights or privi- leges which would abridge the right of the subjects or citizens of friendly states and from countenancing action inimicable to the security of certain states.’ Charter of Assuramee. “It is hardly necessary to point out the great importance of this declara- tlon. It is, in truth, a charter con- taining an assurance to China of pro- tection from acts of derogation of her sovereignty and independence and | administrative autonomy and also an assurance that as between the pov ers there shall be a careful obser ance of the principle of free equal opportunity in matters relating to China and that no one will seek special advantages or privileges at the expense of the rights of others. “As I have said, this has been so i fully discussed by the delegates that 1 assfime that all that is pecessary is to hive your formial assent recorded here in the proceedings of the confer- ence, .and while this declaration is a declafation of the powers, other than China,. I think it would be quite ap- propriater as it is a resolution pre- semted to the conference, .to invite China's assent as_well, and if this coursé is agreeable to you. I shall ask for the assent of the powers to this resolution. “I call for the assent of the powers through their representatives.” “The committee op Pacific and far eastern questions. after the adoption of this recommendation, proceeded to deal with the matters listed on the agenda, proposed by tfie American government. & he first of these, in relation to China, were territorial and admin- istrative integrity. As the first prin- ciple adopted fully covered, so far as a general statement could cover it that matter. the committeé proceeded to deal with special instances which were brought to its attention. That is to say, special matter which seemed to call for consideration in the application of this principle. Propositions Presented for China. “In the course of the discussion he- fore the committee, that is, the gen- eral discussion, there had been pre- sented on Ml}:" oht cxuuu: “t'l'- n: ropositions for the consideration of Phe committee: one of them. the fifth proposition, was that immediately, or| | | | “.Special instances of the limitations| which were in contemplation in the presentation of these propositions ‘were brought to the attention of the committee by the representatives of China. “The first of these was the subject of extraterritoriality, and after a full discussion of that matter a resolution was the committee —and may I interrupt here to say that I should Ilke to have it ap- pear in the record that the resolution: embodying the four principles, pre- pared by Mr. Root, as I have stated, was _adopted by the committee No- vember 21, 1921, as that i» & date to ‘which reference is made in other actions of the committee? Resolution In’ Adopted. “The committee, as I have said, con~ sidered this special action of limita- tion of the autonomy of China. and after a full diseussion on November 39 adopted the following resolution with respect to extraterritoriality. mittee and recommended, as I have| ..o, ‘|SECRETARY HUGHES REVIEWS ‘| WORK ON FAR EAST PROBLEMS glve‘every assistance towards the at- taioment by the Chinese government of its expressed desire to reform its Jjudicial system and to bring it into ‘@ccord with that of western natios and hlv‘: flegld.l.‘rsd that they are | ‘prepared to relinqui rights when satisfled . thdt the state of the Chinese lInw#; the arrangements for 'their administration, and other considerstions wasrrant’ m o so doing. '’ Sympathetically Disposed. “Being sympathetically- disposed to- ing” in/this regard the aspirations of which the Chinese dele- gation gave -expression November 16, far| 1921, to these facts that ‘immediately or as soon as circumstances will per- political jurisdietional and adminis- trative freedom of action are to be removed.” “Considering that any determina- tion. In regard to such actions as might be appropriate to this end must depend upon the ascertainment and appreeiation of complicated states of fact in regard to the laws and the judicial system and the methods of udiciel administration of China, hich this conference is not in a posi- tion to determin “Have resolved, “That the governments of the pow- ers above shall establish a commission (to which each of such governments shall appoint one me ber) to inquire into the present prac- tice of extraterritorial jurisdiction in China and into the laws and the | judicial system and the methods of judicial administration of China, with & view to reporting to the gov- ernments of the several powers above named their findings of fact in regard to these matters, and their recom- mendations as to such means as they |may find suitable to improve the existing condition of the administr: tion of justice in China and to assist and further the effort of the Chinese government to effect such legislation and judicial reforms as would war- rant the several powers in relinquish- ing. either progressvely or other- wise, their respective rights of ex- traterritoriality. Report Within Year. “That the commission herein con- hall be constituted within three months after the adjournment of the conference in accordance with led jements, to be hereafter agreed upon by the governments of the powers above named, and shaill be instructed to. submit its report and recommendations within _one year after the first meeting of the com- | missio + “That each of the powers above named shall be deemed free to accept or to reject all or any portion of the recommendations of the commission herein contemplated, but that in no case shall any of the said powers make its acceptance of all or any portion of such portion of recomme: dations, either directly or indirect i concessions, favor, whether political of any. special benefit or immuni or economic. ‘Additional resolution. “That - the non-signatory powers, having by treaty extraterritorial rights in China may accede to the resolution affecting extraterritoriality and the administration of justice in China by depositing within three ‘mont| after the adjournment of the conference, a written notice of ac- cession with the government of the United States for communication by it to each of the signatory powers. “Additional resolution. China to Have Representative. “That China, having taken note of the resolutions affecting the estab- lishment of a commission to investi- gate and report upon extraterritori- ality and the administration of jus tice in China, expresses its satisfac- tion with the mpathetic_disposition of the powers herein before named in regard to the aspiration of the Chinese government to secure the ajolition of extraterritoriality in China, and declares its intention to appoint a rcpresentative who shall have the right to =it as a mémber of the said commission, It .being under- stood that China shall be deemed free to accept er reject any or al the recommendations of the commi sion. - Furthermore, China is prepa ed to co-operate in the work of this commission to afford to it every possible facility for the successful omplishment of its tasks. ‘This resolution has been fully considered and adopted by all the delegates, in the committee, and I e it if there Is ne objection we are ready to proceed to its formal adoption In this conference. “May I suggest that it is not nec- essary to read this in French, as it | has already been before all of u: the translation of the itself, if that is agreéable.” Powers Give Assent. After the assent of all the powers Mr. Hughes continued: nder the same heading, that is. with respect to the limitation on the of China. administrative economy other matters have been considered, and are still in the course of discus- sion. Certain action has been taken by the committee, but I am advized that it is premature to make a report on those points at this time.” “Following <that discussion there rther discussion under the was a fu same genera) posal of China to the committee, to wit, that China's rights as a neutral are head of the third pro- to be fully respected in future wars to which she is not a party, and that was adopted. that statement, by the full committee. Following the assent of all the powers, Nr. Hughes continued: ““Then followed a consideration un- der the same general topic of para- graph 5 of the proposal submitted to the committee by China, as fol- 1o “‘With a view to strengthening mutual confidence and maintaining peace in the Pacific and the far east, the powers agree not to conclude be- tween themselves treaty ral peace in these regions the gene! without previously notifying China and giving to her an opportunity to participate.’ 2 Full Discussion Had. “There was a full discussion of the matter involved and & general expres- sion of desire fully to aid Chinu in the establishment and maintenance of a stable and efficient government, while at the same time it was recog- nized that the general freedom of the treaty-making power of the respec- tive governments could not well be limited in matters that were in no sense in derogation of the principles that had been adopted, and hence were far| not in any way of a character to Portugal— < "Hh‘sl:lnuken note of the fact. that and China dated September §. 1902, in the treaty betweem tht ted States of Ameri October. ics. §, 1303, and in the it Japan and China dated Octaber 3, 1903, these several powers have agreed to Uni operate adversely to the interests and rights of China. Accordingly, after discussion, the following resolution for recommendation to was this. 3 conference. here! inafter mentioned, to Britain | wit, the United States of America, tish China, therlands that it is their. Belgium, the Bri Prance, Italy, Japan, ¥, and Portugal, intention not to enter into any treaty, BRIEFLY TOLD STORY | OF ARMS CONFERENCE b s BEE L -Adr-us AT weating.) i i‘ 3 i I R f gvi 1k i | !i’ ; li i ! hg ¥ L1 =13 L4 g ns, perd ish extraterritorial mit existing limitation’ upon China’s dependent on the granting by China | LU resolution ‘made’ by the representatives any or agresment directly affecting China or conference ““That the powers attending this p————————— YOOER TREATY HRUED IN LONDON | » Called Grealest Achievement in Statesranship of Our Tume, BY the Associated Press LONDON, December 1N\-—The work thus far accomplished by the Wash- ington conference, espesially the agreement for a four-power yreaty as a substitute for the Anglo-JSapanese alliance, is highly, praised in tin> edi- torial columns of this morming's " W=- papers. The editorials give e served praise to President HarcUn: and Secrctary Hughes for the paits they have played. The Morning Post describes b four-power agreement as “indisputs- bly the greatest achievement in cou- structive statesmanship of our time * * + fraught with powers for good so large that they cannot yet b+ rightly estimated,” adding: “Altbougi the proposed treaty concerns the Pa- cific, its existence necessarily in- Ivol\'es cordial co-operation on all other matters between Americ; d Great Britain, the two nations which above all are resolved to maintain peace.” French Incluxion Important. The newspaper thinks the inclus ce is of the happiest import in substance the accomplish- ment of that tripartite agreement which, had it not been umfortunately prevented, would have served 50 pow - erfully to settle distracted Europe It also declares there could not be a better solution of the misunderstand- ings concerning the Anglo-Japanes: alllance than the proposed tready ini- jplies. Of President Harding's shar: {in the developments, the Post say. | “The President has earned the ex- teem nad respect of the civilized world, in that he has chosen witl Characterizing the contference u-~ the first since the armistice at whicl wisdom has prevailed an@ the resu been of definite value, the newspaper says that “to Mr. Harding belci- ¢ the high honor of having initlated conference and so guided its assen®, that all the delegates met in a spir jof mutual confidence and good weiil* |ithout “the vulgar display of dignified excursions which s0 painful a spectacle at Pari Monroe Doctrine of Pacific. The Daily Telegraph says that {ouadruple alliance, it applied, will « mething in 1 {tablish in the {nature of the octrine. Whil warmly appreciating the advantasze which it considers Great Britain rived from the Anglo-Japanese ail, ance, the newspaper says: “It is matter of satisfaction that the latter may now be merged with the new i an agreement better suited to the new conditions.” After Jauding the initiative tak. by President Harding and Mr. Hugh it says: “There have been conferences before, but neveer one held under favorable auspices, and for that no* only the Pregident and his colleague- deserve grateful thanks, but also th great mass of American people wit’ out whose support they would n have dared to assume and maintai. 80 open and courageous an attitwue Already Outranks The Hagwe. The Daily Chronicle says: “The: are still many gaps in the defens. that are being erected against v and the wicked extravagance of arm ed peace. but enough -already ha been -accomplished to insure th | Washington conference a higher phac: I”‘ the history of the peace meove Iment than anything achieved at Th | Hague,” The newspaper hopes the eting will be followed by an onomic conference and one to dis- icuss land armaments in Europe, a: { which Germany and Russia would b- { representcd. { The Westminster Gazette thinks | President Harding’s claim that “th i conference I8 going to sueceed he ]yond our fondest hopes” is justific { by all the information vet receive here and hopes that if the four- power alliance is final “the conference w] many difficulties will proceed witl increased strength to further tasks NEW ALLIANCE .. COMPARED TO LEAGUE __(Continued from First Page.) previously reached as to the principles that shall govern in the far east. Only this time a solemn obligation is en- tered into requiring the powers to cousuit wiih each other as to “efficient measures” that shall be taken to meet any “aggressive aclion” by any powe It is interesting to note that these “efficient measures” can be taken “Jointly or separately” so that con- ceivably the United States, Great Britain and France might be allied on one side as against Japan if the latter took any “aggressive action” in .n- far east. New ldea in Diplomaey. The new treaty represents a new idea in diplomacy. Instead of ranging all the friendly powers on one side in an entente as.against another group of powers which might potentially be construed as having opposite inter- ests, this pact gathers together the very powers who are likely to have disputes with each other and binds them to keep the peace under penalty of opposition by the other members of the group. Something of the same 'kind- is being talked of to preserve Eyropean peace as a solution of the German problem, as, for instance, a treaty batween France, Germany and (Great Britain which would in the same way tec the one against the aggression of the other. The formula arrived at in Washington therefore has a world-wide significance and may e applied to other parts of the globe. (Copyright, 1921.) e individually or collectively, with any power or powers, which would in- fringe or impair the principles which~ have been declared by the resolution adopted November 21 by this com- mittee.’ . “That being the résolution first pr sented here and adopted in this con- ference, are you ready to give asseut to this resolution? All Members Assent. Secretary Hughes then put the tion and l-afhl was given by il o ues - the . Hughes then rued: “I may add that the discussion of. the question relating to China arc still in progress in the committec which desls with the Pacific and far here possibly other may to adhere may have opportunity to adhere, jch. will' deal generally with the rejating to the far east and reference to China and 20 the territorial countries, concerned. something ol the result of our