Evening Star Newspaper, October 9, 1921, Page 59

Part 4—6 Pages i Burma_ ca: ‘baron, 191 war, 1914} at the war office Lord Kitch- . ener received a call from Lloyd George. The politician had come urge the appointment of denom- ational chaplains for all the vari- bs sects represented in the British my. ord Kitchener was opposed to the lea, which seemed to him Irregular, waste to transport, rations and lerks’ labor. But Lloyd George stuck his sectarian guns and was so0 in- stent, especially in respect of esbyterains, that at last the-sec- tary of state for war ytelded in this e case. He took up his pen rather dgingly, and growled out, *Very 1, you shall have a Presbyterian.” hen one ‘of his “awkward + smiles oke up the grimness of his bucolic e. , “Let's see,” he agked. “Presby- rian. How do you spell it? his was one of his earliest adven- res with politicians, and he ended with a sly cut at unorthodoxy. A tle later came another political ex- rience which afforded him real in- ght into this new world of party tion, one of those experiences not b be lightly dismissed with a jest. [He discovered at the war office that parations had been made for just ch an_emergency as had now oc- rred. The thoughtfulness and thor- ghness of this work struck him ith surprise, and he inquired the me of its authof. He 'was told at Lord Haldane had made these eparations. “Haldane!” he exclaim- “but isn't he the man who is be- hg attacked by the newspapers A chivalrous feeling which does not em: to have visited the bosoms ‘dof hy of Lord Haldane's colleagues vis- led the bosom of this honest soldler. pme one about him who had enjoyed praonal relations with various ed- ors was dispatched to one of the ost offending editors conducting the bmpaign against Lord Haldane with he object of stopping this infamous ndetta. [“I know what you say is tru led this editor, “and I regret the tack as much as Lord Kitchener pes; but I have received my orders d they come from so important a arter that I dare not disobey them.” e gave Lord Kitchener's emissary e name of a much respected leader the unionist party. * x x x HUS early in his career at' the war office Lord Kitchener learned at the spirit of the public school does ot operate in Westminster and that plitics are a dirty business. At no time in his life was Lord Kitch- per “a race horse among cows,” as the reeks put it, being, even in his greatest riod, of a slow, heavy and laborious rn of mind; but when he entered Mr. squith’s cabinet he was at least an onest man among lawyers. He was great man; wherever he sat, to-bor- pw a useful phrase, was the head of e table; but this greatness of his, ot being the full greatness of a com- lete man, and having neither the pport of a keen intellect nor the pundations of a strong moral char- cter, wilted in the atmosph®re of olitics, and in the end left him with ttle but the frayed coat of his for- her reputation. There is no doubt that his admin- tration of the war office was not a uccess. In all important matters of rategy he shifted his ground from bstinacy to sulkiness, yielding where e _should not have yielded at all, Ind yielding grudgingly where to ield without the whole heart was tal to success; in the end he was jmong the drifters, “something be- een a hindrance and a help,” and e efforts to get rid of him were rhaps justified, although Mr. As- ith's policy of curtailing his autoc- on the occasions when he was oad had the greater wisdom. 1 shall not trouble to correct the opular idea of Lord Kitchener’s char. ter beyond saying that he was the st man in the world to be called a pachine, and that he solemnly dis. ‘usted the mechanism of all organ- ations. He was first and last an t-and-out individualist, a bellever men, & hater of all systems. = A8 ir Ian Hamilton has said, wherever e saw organization his first instinct as to smash it. I-think his autoc- cy at the war office might have leen of greater service to the coun- 'y if all the trained thinkers of the 'my, that small body of bfilliant hen, had not been in France. Even his prime Lord Kitchener was the ost helpless of men without lieu- Pnants he could trust to do his bid- ing or improve upon it in the doing. Lord Kitchener's greatness was the definable greatness of ‘personality. e was not a clever man. He had no ifts of any kind. In the society of holars he was mum and ong the pvers of the beautiful he cut an wkward figure. At certain moments le had curious flashes of inspiration, ut they came at long Intervals and ere seldom to be had in the day of jrudgery, when his mind was not fxcited. On the whole his intelligence as of a dull order, plodding heavily hrough experience, mapping the sur- hce of life rather than penetrating Iny of its mysteries, making slowly uite sure of one or two things rather :nkm'uplnx ihe whole.problem at a roke. But there was one movement in bis [haracter which developed greatne: nd by its power brought him a won- erful success and great honor; this as a deep, an unquestioning, & re- gious sense of duty. He started life with a stubborn am- tion. As he. went along he feit he rightness of duty, and married is ambition In this Spartan virtu fle remained in most respects as sel- sh a man as ever lived, as selfish as greedy schoolboy; nevertheless by e power of his single virtue, to hich he was faithful up to his last poments on this earth, he was able p sacrifice his absorbing self inter- st to the national welfare, ‘evén in a| olitical atmosphere which sickened im at every turn. 3 * ¥ k¥ OU may see what I mean by con- sidering that while he longed for othing so much in later life as the ossession of Broome Park, and that hile his selfishness stopped hardly t anything to enrich that house with ictures, china and furniture, and that THE MIRRO 00N after he had taken his chair necessary and expensive, involving || 5 . 4 RS OF DOWNING STREET SOME POLITICAL REFLECTIONS ; By “A Gentleman With a Duster.” WASHINGTON, D. C, fster, and Mr. Asquith would turn to Lord Kitchener forshis opinion. Lord Kitchener would say, “It's impossible,” and close his lipa firmly. At this point Lloyd George would attack him, pointing out the reasonableness of this proposal in swift and persuasive phrases. Lord Kitchener, sh! his chair, would repeat, \possible.”” Then in question after question Mr. Churchill would ask hy it was fmpossible. “It's impossi- Lord Kitchener would mumble at the end of these questions. Finally, when nearly everybody had attempted to extract from him the reason for his refusal to countenance this pro- posal, he would make an impatient side movement of hid head, unfold his arms, bend over the papers on a table before him, and grunt out, sometimes with a boyish smile of relief, “Oh, al right, have it your own way. He lacked almost every grace of the spirit. There was nothing amiable in his character. Very few men liked him a great deal, and none, I should say, loved him. I do not think he was brutal by nature, although his nature was not refined; but he culti- vated a brutal manner. He had the happiness of three or four friendships with cultivated and good women, but the beautiful creature whom he loved hungrily and doggedly, and to whom he proposed several times, could never bring herself to marry him. I think there was no holy of holies in his character, no sanctuarles for the finer intimacies of human life. As Sainte-Beauve said of Rousseau, “He has at times a little goitre in his voice.” One sees the fullness of his limitations by comparing him with such great figures of Indian history as the Lawrence and Nicholson; in that comparison he ‘shrinks at once to the dimensions of a color-serkeant. But in attempting to study a man while he: would shamelessly hint for things in the houses of the people who were entertaining him, even in the houses of his own subordinates, until the weaker or the more timorous gave him .the object of his covetous- ness, nevertheless, for the sake of his country, he clung to the uncon- génlal chair in' Whitéhall, not merely working like a carthorse for what he considered to be his nation’s good, but suffering without public com- plaint of any kind, and scarcely a private grumble, all the numerous humiliations that came his way either from his own colleagues in the cab- inet or from a powerful section of the newspapers outside. I remember hearing from the late John Bonner, a most admirable artist in many flelds, an amusing account of an interview with Lord Kitchener which fllustrates the fleld marshal's passion for his Kentish home, and also sheds a telling -light on the es- thetic side of his,character. Mr. Bonner had been recommended to Lord Kitchener, who wanted amo- rini scattered about the leafy gardens at Broome. Drawings. were made and approved. * A few months afterward :!he' amorine were set up in the gar- en: Soon came a summons to the pres- ence of the great man. Mr. Bonner found him a terrible object in a ter- rible rage. In his late years, be it remembered, Lord Kitchener was not good to look upon. He appeared a coarse, a top-heavy person; and in anger, his cross-eyes could be pain- fully disconcerting. Lord Kitchener forgot that Mr. Bonner was not only an artist of a singularly beautiful spirit, but a gen- tleman.- He blazed at him. What did he mean by sticking up those ridiculous little figures in Broome? ‘What did he mean by it?—with an unpleasant reference to the account. The poor artist, terribly affrighted, sajd that he, thought ‘Lord: Kitcheher had seen his drawings and approved of*them. *“Yes, the drawings, but you can’'t see the figures when they're up! What's the good of something you can't see?’ The great mah, it appeared at lasi wanted amorini-the size of glants; rather Rosherville taste. ~ “He ‘had knowledge,” said- Lady Sackville, from whose ‘beautiful house he borrowed many ideas for Broome, and would have liked to have carried off many of its possessions, particular- ly a Willlam IV drum, which he found in_his bedroom #s a waste paper recep. tacle, “he had knowledge but no taste. but no taste.” S 4 Her. daughter sald to me on one occasion, “Every chair he sits In be- comes a thron Peferring to the at- mosphere of power and dignity which surrounded him. * % X % IT is instructive, I think, to remark how a single virtue passionately held—held, I ntean, with a religious sense of its serlousness—can Ccarry even a second-class mind to genuine greatness, a greatness that can be felt if not defined. ‘In every sense of the word greatness, as we apply it to a saint, 'a poet- or a statesman, Lord Kitchener was a second-class and even a third-class person; but so driv- ing was his sense of duty that it car- ried him tq the very forefront of na- tional life, and but for the political atmosphere in which he had to work for the last few years of his distin- guished service‘to the state he might easily have become one of the great and shining heroes of British history. He had no taste; but the impression he made on these who had was the impression of a great character. How was it that his greatness— that .is to say, his greatness of per- sonality—made so pitiable an end? ‘What was lllckll! that this indubitable greatness should have been so easily brayeéd ‘in the mortar ‘of politics? The.answer, I‘think, is this: A sin~ gle virtue can bestow greatness, and the greatmess nfay never fail when it has'time and space in which to ex- press itself; but. many virtues of in- tellect and chafacter are necessary when time is of the essence of the contract, and more especlally in a situation of shared responsibility. Lord Kitchener knew many of his own fallings. He was by no means a vain man. Indeed, he suffered con- siderable pain from, the knowledge that he was not the tremendous per- son of the popular imagination. This knewledge robbed him of self-as- surance. He tried to live up to the legendary Kitchener, and so long as be could fipd men as brave as him- self, but of swifter and more adaptable intelligence to do his bidding he suc- eded. ‘Many of the public, indeed, ce believed in the legendary Kitchener THE LATE LORD KITCHENER. of this nature, for our own learning, we should rather observe how notable a victory he achieved in making so much of so_little, rather than wvocif- erate that he Was not this thing or g ) He began life with no gifts from the gods: it was not in his horoscope to be either a saint or hero; no one was less likely to create enthusiasm or -to become a legend; and yet by resolutely following the road of duty, by earnestly and stubbornly.striving to serve his country’s interests, and by never for one moment considering in that service the safety of his own life or -the making of his own for- tune, this rough and ordinary man, bred in himself a greatness which, mag- nifled by the legend itself created, BY EDWARD MARSHALL. HAT every child has the right to be well born; that every " ndtion has the right to hold a population steadily improving in the sources of its origin; that it is the duty of this generation to’strive toward the elimination of the grossly defective, physically and mentally, may be sald to have been, speaking very generally, the message of the Congress of Eugenics, recently in ses- slon in New . York, . with -delegates present from the world’s capitals of thought. Most distinguished of these, un- doubtedly, was Maj. Leonard Darwin, son of Charles Darwin, creator of the theory of evolution and author of the famous book, “The Origin of Species.” It has been my privilege to talk to Maj. Darwin and, having done so,.1 am forced to the conclusion that he feels the world is now in danger of & backward slip—a pause In the great progress which his father pointed out had raised humanity above the beasts. " sald Maj. Darwid, “all this backward tendency may be very|F quickly and effectively checked. Now is the opportunity for an awakening of the public mind, and an awakened public mind can utterly reverse'the tendency. “That must become a steady aim of every thinking person. If all think- ing’ persons become firm in this de- termination the unthinking eventual- ly must be forced to travel by the road to a new competence. 5 * % k% uTWO sentiments demand this of ¢+ the thoughtful,” the distin- guished Englishman continued. “One is that of patriotism, which demands a noble nation. The other is the love of children, which Is nnate in every rightly beating human heart. The love of children must result, when developed in the thoughtful mind, in: the resolve that in future generations children shall be happler than they are now. ' *A happler-childhood for the mass can be accomplished only through general® improvement of _conditions combined with better birth. “And this?" SR ) “More careful marrlage, cerfainly would be the first step in the right direction. . “Consider what else that would mean—all tending, though, toward B up to the day of his tragic death— death, that unmistakable reality, meeting him on a journey, the ob- ject of which was to impress Russia with the legendary Kitchener. But more and more, particularly in con- sultation with the quick wits of poli- ticians, he found it impossible to im- personate his reputation. I have been told by more than one cabinet minister that it was impres- sive to see how the lightning in- tellects of Lloyd George and Winston Churchill again and again reduced the gigantic soldier to a stupefied and sulking silence. A proposal would be made by a min- HERE'S a dog that's been shot out in our yard. He is in agony. Can't you come right up quick and & I get him?” . The anxious vojce was from a home on Tennessee avenue. Its owner was talking with the Washington Animal Rescue League, on Maryland avenue. “Yes, Indeed. We'll send our agent right up. Cover the dog and let him lie on your lawn.” > Ahurried trip for “Billy” with the animal ambulance, a few whiffs of chloroform for the injured dog, and another’ of the ordinary dally epl- sodes is ready to be recorded in the log.of the league. “That's just one of the day's calls sald Mrs. Blumenberg, the first vice president, a3 she comfortingly patted tthe head of “Piggy,” the lonely Aberdeen who was paying his first visit to the Rescue League ag a re- sult of having been accidentally left the day before by his mistress in one of Washington’s well known stores. “There, ‘Piggy,’ it's all right. We love you and we'll take good care o ggy” was restlessly trotting back and forth across the long par- lor, eyes eager, ears alert, ever list- ening for the familiar footstep that he was sufe must come. Mrs. Blum enberg and her assistant, Mrs. Ken- dall, have hearts full of tenderness for all animals, a feeling which seems to be sensed by their dumb guests. “Ting-a-ling”"—the telephone—"Yes, we'll send tomorrow for your kit- tens—" “That woman has four kittens that she wants to dispose of. When the kittens are very pretty we oftem keep sthem, for sometimes people come’ here to get kittens or puppies, es- pecially in the spring.” At that moment a woman entered with her young son. “Could I get a cat here today? Three years ago I got a beautiful cat here and we all loved him so much. But the other day he was run over by an automobile. And now we want another.” ~ * *x ¥ ¥ MOTHER and son disappeared up the stalrway, but soon reappeared, the possessors of a jet black kitten that nestled contentedly in son's arms. Fe- male’ animals are never given, and no cat over five years old. “Lion and. Buster, you had better, run out in the yard now. 3 The two happy canines, who had wel- comed the visitor with all the powers of love at their command, obediently trot- ted out at the call of the assistant.. “That Lion I shall always keep here, dogs,” explained Mrs. 2 ‘When he came a year ago he was much smaller and so dirty. But he looked Just like a lion and his eyes wers so eapiessive that I loved him right away. helped his country in one of the dark- est hours, perhaps the very darkest of its long history. One could wish- that behind this formidable greatness of personality there had been greatness of mind, greatness of character, greatness of heart, so that he might have been capable of directing the whole war and holding the politicians in leash to the conclusion of a righteous peace. But these things he lacked, and the end was what it was. “Character,” said Epicharmus, “is destiny to man.” Lord Kitchener, let us assert, was faithful to his destiny. And he was something more than faithful, for he sanctified this loyal- ty to his own character by a devo- tion to his country which was puré and incorruptible. ' Certainly he can never be styled “The son of Cronos and Double-dealing.”™ I had him washed and cleaned and in one day he knew his name. In fact, they all scem to learn the names we give them in a day. “We get all sorts of emergency calls, usually about twenty-five a day. Last year we had 11,000 calls. On our busiest day we had 202. Do they pay us? Oh, no, indeed! Very few.people pay. Oc- caslonally an owner gives us 50 cents, a few give us 25 cents, but more give n othing. o 2 “Our funds come from donations, from membership fees and from enter- tainments that we get up every fall and a year to finance the Rescue League.” The present quarters.in the roomy old mansion with {ts high-walled yard are admirably suited for har- boring animals. The stable in the rear furnishes appropriaté shelter for the horses that occasionally come. The property was purchased four years ago for $16,500. “Since the yearly expenses are 50‘great, the league is eager to increase its present membership of 875 to'2,000 or more. A dollar constitutes associate- mem- spring. It costs us from $6,000 to $7,000 | the same end. “Divorce surely is in almost every instance the result of careless mar- riage. It is at present the scandal of the two great Anglo-Saxon nations, Great Britain and the United States. ‘A ‘ndtion thinking of eugenics would regulate its marriage system 80 that careless marriages would be avoided. Such unions are eugenic- ally disastrous, for they prevent the more developed, the more fortunate, if you prefer the term, from giving to soclety their full quota of chil- dren. That nation will not forever prosper in which the birthrate is low among the more developed and high among the less developed. 1 am one of those who feel that from the Anglo-Saxon countries, yours and mine, working, I hope, always in co-operation, will come the final proof that this rule,. which hitherto mals needed to' be put out of the way and the demands increased so fast that it was deemed wise to in- vest in the present property, at-349 Maryland avenue. The object of the league is “to re- ceive suffering and decrepit horses, sick. and stray dogs and cats and other animals, to find homes for them or, in case it is desirable, to put them humanely to death.” The agent who collects the animals must give a re- ceipt and get a signed statement for every animal taken. Persons who receive pets from ths ague must also sign an afidavit that they will care for the animals humanely and not allow them o be used for - experi-, mental purposes of any sort. During the seven years of the work, all sorts of animals have been r ceived. Cat birds, sparrows, squl rels, a goat, robins, & parrot, mon keys, white mice, crowds, terrapins and numerous foxes have been cared brought them to the league and re- bership, $5 makes one an active member, while $100 will assure mem- bership for life. When, seven years ago, five animal lovers first concelved the idea of luch' a home there were no fynds. But as an experiment these people took an empty liay loft in a stable on Decatur street, and there the first cats were received and the first dog found a real home. The “office” was a huge box which the stable’ keeper had originally used for grain, turned up on end in a corner of the loft and furnished with a desk and chalr. Mrs. Blumenberg wgs one of the directors and Miss Coursey was ma- tron. Little kittens climbed up their dresses, and the first dog—Mrs. ‘Blu- menberg. loves to tell of that tiny, dirty, yellowish-white Maltese poodle covered with burrs—and she tells of him with tearful eyes, for little Nebs died last.May. 3 5 ‘When she first looked upon Nebs, Mrs. Blumenberg announced, “I'm ing to have that dog for my owi “Have him for your own!” echoed a horrified chorus. “That cur?’ “Wash him and clean him, and you'll see,” was the calm reply. “He'll be_beautiful.” 5 " _ He was. Not only that, but he was gifted. He could control and direct other doga. His intelligence was un- usual. His meals were always served on a tiny table, where:he ate with his adopted brother, Jerry During the war lie collected $3,000 in a bas- ket at the Union station for the Red Cross, and $100 in the same way for the horses’ annual Christmas dinner which the league gives. * kXK N . those early days the animals ‘were #bllécted by & Than who went for them,with cat.or, dog carriers, someti: gojng on the. cars, some- times As~the work in- creased, quarters became and for'a year and. & half necessary, & building -at 1365 Ohip avenue was rented. Month by moath more api- walking. larger quested that they be turned loose or humanely killed. Mrs. Blume! berg recalls laughingly one fox that was brought in a crate, with the stipulation that it be freed. To ac- complish this required ingenuity. Legally it could not be set free within certain limits. In her automobile Mrs. Blumenberg traveled into Marylgnd, spending half the night trying to discover a sufficlently lonely spat from. which to set the captive free. It was impossible. At midnight she returned with the fox. The next day the animal went to the “happy hunt- ing ground.” Sick and aged horses are occa- sionally called for. Bob had for over a score of years been the petted steed of an elderly couple. Fi sleek, he had stood in his stall. But now his .aged master had died. There was no one who would care for him. His glossy coat was getting_ dusty. urrs from the field where he' had Eeen turned out to graze filled his tail. Tears ran down the cheeks of the owner as she looked at her old pet. Sell him to be turned adrift as the gray hairs gathered in his once shining coat? Never! 8till, he must go. She confided her trouble to a kind. neighbor. The neighbor suggested the Animal Rescue. Leagu But “Bob” must be spirited awa: No hint of his fate must reach his mistress’ ears.. Under cover of the darkness “Bob” was led to a neigh- ing barn. - - Mfu gn'clopk on the following morn- ing, travelers on the River road met a_ touching. processjon. ~First came Billy (whose dx‘fnlncd name is Joseph Smallwood) riding in a_ narrow box- buggy. Following closely behind, his nose buried deep in the box, munch- ing a_delcious breskfast of alfalfa and chopped food, tramped “Bob. An automobile guec‘ down to “lew, and driven by the first vice president of the league guarded the rear, while | a -motor -cycle struggling to keep within the speed limit bore a solict tous old-time. friend of “Bob's.” . With his nosé burled in his break: SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 9, 1921. N MAJ. DARWIN, ENGLISH - SCIENTIST, SAY. -FUTURE OF WORLD RESTS WITH AMERICA Inch in Height. seefns' to have been generally- mani- fested, may not be inviolable. “But still we must not aim merely at making converts among the edu- cated and the prosperous. We must spread them generally among the mass of people, or we shall not ac- complish anything of moment. That means education, first of those now easlest to educate, and then, through them, of all who shall be capable of accepting education. “That there are any in a country like America who are not susceptible of education is proof of the neces- sity for a more general application of the science of eugenics. It is evi- dence that there are those among the people who are pot well born. By fast, “Bob” was oblivious to sur- roundings. Suddenly he looked around. Strange scenery! A sense of loneliness and danger seemed to overpower him. He pulled back. He whinnied. He neighed. Over the lit- tle procession a soft, gray rain be- gan to fall. Tenderly and gently “Bol ‘was coaxed and urged until he found himself " quartered .in 'a comfortable stall at the league. A whole day of rest and happiness was given him. The dainties that delight such appe- tites as “Bob's” .were set before him. And at the last, surrounded by lov- ing hearts that try to prevent all suffering for these faithful friends of man, a swift but painless and sure instant of electric current carried ‘Bob” to the sunny fields of ever- lasting- grass and daisies. * XK K LL animals are “put to sleep” at quietly and quickly as was ‘Bob.” For horses there is a stall where the feet stand upon brass plates and the electrical: connection is made through the bits and feet. Five dollars is paid by the league for, horses. For dogs there are brass collars which are fastened by a hook to the wall. Small points on the ‘in- side of the collar complete the cir- cuit. For cats there is a box just large enough to hold the animal, his feet standing on brass plates, while points in the cover of the box com- plete the circuit after the lid is closed and the current turned on. Only a second is required to accom- plish the result. The animal does not even cl his eyes. His face is as peaceful ‘and happy 2s before. Injured animals—puppies and kit- tens—are never put to sleep by elec- trocution, but are always chloro- formed. Suffering animals to whose ald the league is called in various parts of the city are chloroformed Where found without being subjected to a painfyl trip to headquarters. For cases needing medical aid, a skillful veterinary is always employed. No cases of abuse of animals are prosecuted by the Animal Rescue League. It does, however, report such cases to the Humane Soclety for prosecution. On Christmas eve all the horses in Washington will be in- vited to the league’s horse Christmas tree, there to find that Santa Claus remembers them with carrots asd apples and their drivers '“:h hot cof- fee and crullers. . The president of the organization is Rear Admiral 8. A. Staunton, the treasurer Raymond Gorges and the secretary Mrs. Merton E. Twogood. Mrs. Mendum R. Blumenberg, the first vice president, spends as much of her-time.as possible at the head- ters, gratuitously. The only offi- ‘who receive remuneration are stant, Mrs. Kendall; Rita, the and “Billy,” the agent. SON OF THE AUTHOR OF “THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES.” innate w .QON of Author of “The Origin of Species™ Points Out Vast O_pportunity——Says Eugenics Offers the One Way Out—Patriot- ism, Demanding a Noble Nation, and Love of Children Both Demand E'_fl'o'rt—lt Would Re- quire 18,000 Years for a People to Gain One well born I refer not to wealth or social position, but to character, in- telligence and a healthy body. “In other words, no matter how en- tirely admirable as a political prin- ciple may be the doctrine that all are born equal, the fact is otherwise. This may go against the grain, but cannot be denied. The tests for admission to the American Army, no less the tests of physical condition than those for intelligence, showed how very different the different types of mankind are. * ¥ x % HTHE thought of the eugenists is that if this knowledge can be widely dlisseminated it will become the judgment of the intelligent ma- jority that there are many types of people in the nation of which an in- crease is desirable, but that there are also some a decrease of which would be a national benefit. ‘The increase of the well born types would tend to make a nobler, happler, more efficient nation; the de- crease of the.lower types would les- sen public burdens, advance industry, in a general way solve the problem of criminology, which bothers vou, in the United States, especially just now, it seems. “The increase of intelligence and the decrease of crime and -poverty are high aims surely. They would both be served, as I have shown: and if we 100k to lower ayms-it is ap- parent that an enormous general economy would be achieved by elimi- nation of that very heavy burden which is due to the now normal ex- penditure upon the care of the unfit. “As long as the unfit are with us we must see that they do not suffer, on the one hand, and, upon the other, must protect ourselves as best we may against the multiplication of their unfitness. The only logical procedure for us to adopt is to pro- ceed along such lines as will decrease the number born into our social system. “There would we find the real solu- tion of the criminal problem, and not only that, but the solution of many other puzzles which cannot be direct- 1y associated with criminology, but, nevertheless, complicate and handi- cap the efforts of the human race toward happiness. “When 1 say these things it may be that I lay myself open to the criti- cism of some thinkers who deny the possibility of the inheritance of ac- quired character. They definitely as- sume that the training of the parent can have.no inuence upon the actual inheritance of the child. My father believed firmly in the possibility of transmitting acquired characteristics and his teachings found many earnest followers. “It was principally to the influence of the German expert, Weissmann, that this theory was almost utterly abandoned for a time and biclogical experts. generally maintained that the children of educated parents would be in no degree more easily educa- ble than others, as far as natural capacity might be concerned. But almost all experts agree that changes in surroundings, whether produced by natural or artificial means (consider- ing everything man-made as ‘arti- ficial’), will affect future generations. * % % % process so slow that if we, of any specified human generation, hope to produce effects appreciable in the history of our times, we must look to other methods for the improvement of our nations’ human stocks. “What other methods are there to be found? This, only, is the way: Our better types must have more chiidren and our worse types fewer. And now, surely, is the time for ef- fort. The public mind, stimulated by the war's intense activity, is in recep- tive. mood for ney lideas. This one, of race improvement, is full of merit with no dangers; safer, far, than many of the. cults, political and eco- nomic, as well as social, toward which men now seem ready to turn be- cause they find it quite impossible to return placidly .to complete re-estab- lishment . of the old order. *The aim, I think, obviously, must be to increase the rate of multiplication of stocks above the average in heredi- tury qualities and to decrease it among the less fit. 3 “Students of -eugenics are of every shade of opinion, from that of those who. regard racial progress as an as- sured law of nature to that of those who believe they see evidence of a slow, progresstve deterioration in the qualities of all civilized peoples. hat are inborn qualities? At one end of the series we have those dependent on a single something which the child received before its birth from its par- {discuss what has been done ¢ HIS, however, it is agreed, is a ents. A child suffering from the de- formity called brachydactyly was thus marked out before its birth. Other- wise it could not be thus afterward. Such problems are simple. If we could stamp out brachydactylous (or exces- sively short-fingered) parents there ‘would be no brachydactylous children. “But the general problem reglly is not so simple. We find children ap- parently normal springing from unions of one normal and one abnormal per- son and then transmitting not nmormal- :;y. ‘but " abnormality, to its own chil- ren. “The problem, therefore, is determina- tion of whether the defects in the pres- ent and all future generations consti- tute an injury to the race of sufficient gravity to justify in this generation only (those four words should be em- phasized) the actual prevention of par- enthood on the part of the subnormal or the eelf-sacrifice needed for its vol- untary abandonment. “The world could be rid of all such ailments more or less quickly. It is only a question of whether or not it is worth the cost. But realized de- termination to benefit the world in' any one detail probably would benefit it in no other. In the United States as elsewhere ‘there is the large problem of the feeble-minded. In America are from 300,000 to 400,000 such unfortu- nates, with many mere if ‘high-grade’ cases were to be included in the count. Most of these, becoming parents, will pass their ailment on to many of their childrer; many of their offspring, though seeming normal, will transmit feeble-mindedness to théir descendants. Obviously, if the interests of posterity are to be served no feeble-minded per- son should be allowed to become parent. . y “The remedy? Segregation is un- doubtedly the kindest course to adopt in most cases. It would be costly, but doubtless in the long run would show as an economy. But various difficulties present themselves, principal among them the augmented affection which many parents feel for such unfortunate children—an affection which will make them fight against the thought of ses regation. “Such conflicting considerations have led us to consider what part steriliz: tion might be led to play in th eugenic program. It is not for me in theg United States, where we all know some intelligent effort has been made. “Such practical experiments may re-. veal the one thing which can be done. ‘We must know the best methods and all the objections to the practice. “If_all those eminent in stature in the United States were selected an- nually for marriage it would be found that there appeared each year, out of the 100,000,000 population of this country, a total of about 500. Mate them, in some manner, and allow each couple two additional children above the average. Thus operating it would take this process 18,000 years to raise the average stature of the country by an inch. “For these reasons I favor the more democratic idea of mass improvement through the dissemination of sound ideas among all the people. “I have no. wish to discourage any efforts which it may be found possibl~ to make with selected groups, but what I have just said will indicate | that T believe our main endeavor j should be made to raise the level of the people with regard to their in- born qualities.” ‘““What, then, is to be done?” “Young men of today endowed with the higher qualities may be expected to earn good livelihoods: the reverse may be expected of those i1l endowed. Members of small familier will re- ceive better educational advantages than members of large families and therefore more easily will win to the front. “These two selective processes will increase as time passes and In con- sequence in future we may expect in the ranke of the well-to-do a harm- ful combination of qualities, viz., su- perior inborn qualities combined with natural tendencies toward the pro- duction of small families, these lat- ter including natural infertility and an innate desire to consider the wel- fare of children yet unborn. “The problem is too complex for brief discussion. but T can find no facts in refutation of the thought that inborn qualities of civilized com- munities now are detériorating with an all-around downward movement aprarently ahead. ‘So will not the naturally well en- dowed. in comparison with the natu- vally i1l endowed. constantly take a smaller and smalier part in the pro- Guction of ensuing generations. with racial deterioration as an inevitable consequence? “History #hows that anclent civili- zations. achieving to climaxes, have begun to sink and have continued till they vanished. ‘Having said this T cannot refrain from adding that it 3 ems to me the United States, in this regard as in so many others. has a mighty future to look forward to, upon which * the salvation of the whole world may. to a considerable extent, depend. There- fore, in my ophion. it is doubly de- sirable that its citizens shall con- sider whether its best or its worst stocks are now multiplying most rapidly. If it be its worst and not its best which are multiplying so rapidly, and if no steps are taken to remedy the evil. then this country may miss an opportunity of writing on the pages of the future's history some very glorious passages.” (Copyright, 1221.) Their “Foot-Notes.” (CRICKETS sing with their "wings and not with their legs And katydids do the same. -You do not believe' it? Since you were-a little |child you have been told that crick- 1ets made their shrill and chirping sounds by pubbing their hind legs together of scraping their legs against their .wings or gides, "or something . like that. At any rate, they made what might be called foot notes or sang by leg power. Insect students have. settled the question. They say that crickets, like nearly all other varieties of singin tnsects, have. “stringulating organs at the base of their wings. Rubbing these organs together, they produce vibrations and the wings, which are hollow, serve as sounding boards and increase the volume of the sound. The “stringulating organs” look like two small folded wings having saw-like edges. The insect rasps these two saw edges together. The matter was settled by a cam- era. It was not easy for the photog- rapher to obtain a “sitting” from a cricket and to catch him or her in ke ast of singing. He would enly sing in the dark and the camera would only take him in the light. ' So, the scientist with the camera posed a little cricket in the light where the camera was focused on him. Then he set off an instrumtnt which- made a noise o much like a cricket that the cricket thought it was one. Whether the cricket thought he was being serenaded or challenged or mocked by another of his kind does. not .matter. The cricket answered. with his well known song_and ‘the shutper opemed and closed before the lens rmllcl:g than thewink of an eye and the cret of the cricket was read on the sensitized plate when. it was devel- oped. - _That is how it came to be known that the cricket does not sing by scraping wings together, but by instrume rasping_those special ents -u’.a “stringulating organs.”