Evening Star Newspaper, June 12, 1921, Page 31

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL ARTICLES Part 2—18 Pages U.S. SHOWING WAY TO DISARMAMENT Reduction in Size of Standing Army an Object Lesson to the World. Naval Cut Deferred. BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. HE United States, it appea: is taking the lead in the proposal for uyniversal dis- armament, or. at least. re- duction in armament, without await- Ing an international agreement. This statement applies only to the land forces so far, however, and not to the Navy. When the Senate passed the Army bill a few days ago and sent it to conference it provided for an army ©of 150.000 men, a reduction of approx- imately 70,000 men of the.present standing Army. Of course, 70,000 men are not to be lopped off the Army at a day's notice at the open- ing of the coming fiscal year. But re-enlistments will stcp and new en- listments ceased some time ago. Five years ago. before the United States entered the world war, but when the clouds weré large on the horizon and the Metican situation was a constant source of irritation, a wave swept this country in favor of “preparedness.” Preparedness pa- rades were held in many places. Pres- ident Wilson headed such a parade as it marched up Penrsylvania avenue. Small Army Again Favored. Today the policy of preparedness 18 yielding to the traditional policy of the United States in favor of a small Regular Army. The demand for a return to “normalcy,” so far es the Army is' concerned, comes from those who believe that, the country must economize and from those who fear that large standing armies mean a militaristic rule, with ambitions leadmg to war. While the United States is reduc- ing its Army, however, it has not yet done anything about reducing the Navy or curtailing its naval building program, although the demand has been made for such a curtail in Con- gress by many of the same men who successfully brought about a reduction in the size of the Army. The insistence that the Navy, the first line of defense of the country. be maintained, still makes a large appeal to the people. But the Sen- ate, at the instance of Senator Borah of 1daho, has placed in the naval ap- “propriation bill an amendment seek- ing to bring about an agreement be- tween the three great naval powers of today—the United States, Great Britain and Japan—for a reduction in naval armament. It does not appear likely that this country will curtail its naval armament unlets it caf obtain an agreement with these pow. ers to do likewise. Standing Armies Abroad. In connection with the reduction of the size of the Army in this country, it is of some little interest to note what the size of the standing armies feat in the world war, little has been done toward a reduction in land armament;~in fact, the armies are swollen far out of proportion to the resources of the peoples who support them and are burdened today with heavy taxes. The step of the United States in voluntarily redu¢ing its Army to 150,000 men, a mere 0.21 per cent of the country’s population, is regarded by many as an .xample to the world. which other nations would do well to follow. Natienal Guard a Factor. The reduction in the Regular Army of the United States to 150,000 men, however, does not leave this country in the state of unpreparedness which existed before the world war, it is contended by the men who forced the reduction of the armed forces, notwithstanding the earnest plea of Secretary of War Weeks, Chairman | Wadsworth of the military affairs committee of the Senate, and some of' the republican leaders of "the House. For instance, the National Guard, as organized in the states. and which, under the Army reorganization act, is really part of the national forces, nmumbers now about 150,000, and ultimately will reach a total of 425,000 men when recruited up as provided by law. There are also 27,000 marines—reckoned part of the Navy, but as a matter of fact used most | eftectively on land service, as dem- onstrated so wonderfully by the corps in the war with Germany. Then there are some 70,000 officers in the Reserve Corps of the Army, trained men who had experience in_the last war—an asset of tremendous value—and last, but by no means least, somewhere between 2,000,000 and 4.000,000 men in private life who had military training and experience during the war. . Gen. Nelson A Miles, retired, for many years head of the Army of the United States, has been quoted as say- {ing in the past that the standing Army ’lol this country should be limited to 1.000 men per 1,000,000 population, and it was maintained for many years prior to the world war in about that ratio. The country must make up its mind, |Eowever. that even if the Regular Army be considerably reduced, the iArmy appropriation bills will never come back to the pre-war level. In the first place the pay of thé eniisted men has been practically doubled, and the jofficers have been granted increases in pay. Also all the materials that the [Army uses have increased vastly in price. But the members of Congress demanding economy insist these are only additional reasons for keeping the size of the Army down. —_— t " EDITORIAL SECTION = . WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 12, 1921 President Harding Finds the Time to Give Politics Needed Attention BY N. 0. MESSENGER. RESIDENT HARDING, by way of variety and change from the long routine of in- ternational and domestic problems he has been considering recently, made a brief excursion into national politics last week. The occasion was afforded by the meeting in ‘Washington of the national committee of the republican party to select a chairman and change thie basis of representation in national conventions. After a day spent over these de- tails, the committeemen and committeewomen énjoyed an evening at the White House with President and Mrs. Harding. The President, however, had for a day or two been conferring privately with individuals and groups of the committeemen and getting much first-hand informaticn as.to political and other conditiens in the country at large. * k k * Let it not be understood that the chief ex- ecutive is not keeping a wary eye on politics. ‘While he is the President of all the people, and not of the republican party alone, at the same time a majority to the extent of some seven million people voted for him for President as the head of the republican party, and he is tar- rying the banner of that political organization. ‘While he is glad to be the President of all the Ppeople, he prefers to be such under the auspices of the republican party and exponent of its policies. President Harding made careful and diligent inquiry of those national committeemen with whom he talked about affairs in their re- spective states. He intends, it is said, to keep himself posted at all times on the varying politi- cal phases of the times. * % %k X There promises to be close team work be- tween the administration and the national com- mitttee from now on, following the reorganiza- tion of the executive management of the com- mittee. Postmaster General Hays and Attorney General Daugherty will be in the executive coun- cils of the national committee, and will form a closely connecting link between the administra- tion and the committee. The new chairman of the national committee, John T. Adams, proposes to spend a great deal of his time at national headquarters here, and he will be in touch con- stantly with the government heads and the con- gressional leaders. ‘The situation which is causing the politicians the most worry just now is the looming proba- bility, classed by many as almost a certainty, that Congress will find great difficulty in satis- fying the rank and file of the people over tax legislation. President Harding shares the anxiety of the political managers and legisla- tive leaders on this subject, it is known. * * %k ¥ The politicians are already passing the re- sponsibility up to the republican Congress and camping by night on the trail of the leaders, urging them to extraordinary exertions to “do something.” The argument put forward by the national coramitteemen who were here last week fo the congressmen was something. like this: “We politicians did the trick for you congressmen last fall and rolled up a record —_—m m—— WANTS SEAMEN T0 SIGN. 'TO REBUILD BE Secretary Davis Will Again At- tempt a Marine Agreement. After a conference yesterday with republican majority. It behooves you to pick up the burden now and come through with re- sponse to the known demands of the voters for relief. We promised returning prosperity, and it is incumbent upon you to make it come.” Which constitutes a line of argument appre- ciated by the congressmen as but adding to their anxlieties without affording enlightenment as to the ways and means for palliating them. * % % * ‘Will H. Hays, the retiring chairman of the national committee, in his swan song, caused a cold chill of apprehensien to run down the spine of the committeemen and of several congress- men who were participating in the committee meeting on proxies of absentee members, when . he somewhat sharply reminded them “that no majority is necessarily permanent and that cer- tainty of continued success comes oniy with certainty of performance.” He also pointed out that “a seven-million majority is large, but it is not an alibl for the mistakes, negligence and extravagance of misgovernment.” He held that “we have our opportunity, but there s a con- sequent proportionate accountability that is very properly inevitable.” Indeed, the visit of the national committee to the capital at this time, in all its attendant fea- tures, may be regarded as constituting an ef- fort at bracing up of the legislative and admin- istrative branches of the government as con- trolled by the republicans, for the benefit of the party at large. * X X * President Harding is said to be interested in observing the reaction in the country over the national committee’s move to iron out some of the inequalities of representation in national conventions. He is assumed to stand by the committee in what it did in this direction, al- though it is stated authoritatively that he did not interfere with the subcommittee's work. The report of the subcommittee was pre- sented with a unanimous recommendation in its favor. This does not mean that all the commit- tee were satisfled with it, by any manner of means, for it met the full aims of hardly any one. But something had to be done, and done quickly, to meet the strict mandate of the last national convention, and it was determined to give the repert a unanimous backing. The com- mittee supported the subcommittee valiantly, al- though the proportion of sentiment as to some phases of the plan ran about even in both or- ganizations. * k k¥ The next thing. the politicians declare, will be to see what the effect of the change will be upon the republican party in the south. The charge made in the meeting that it would operate to discourage republicans from building up organizations, because the voters are already largely disfranchised by state laws, and now find their privileges curtailed in the national or- ganization. In refutation of that view the contention was made that it should have the effect of mak- ing the republicans, of the south exert them- selves for a betterment of their condition, be- cause of the necessity they now find themselves LLEAU VILLAGE AS MEMORIAL TO U. S. HEROES under of getting their votes out and counted, or 1ose all contact with the national party. * % Xk ¥ As a cold and brutal fact, the prevailing sen- timent in the national committee was that the ‘welfare of the southern republicans was subor- dinate to the more important question of en- couraging in the northern states the vote which was cast for the republican ticket last fall. In yecognition of that vote, the states in which it was polled will have seventy-six additional dele- gates in the next national convention, and there is no question that some of the recruits to the republican party will be found in the convention of 1924. The committee regarded these northern votes as a bird in the hand as against a whole covey in the Lush, when the bush is located in the southern states. * k k % President Harding’s friends say that they expect he will be found from this time on devot- ing increasing attention to domestic problems. Reviewing the speeches he has made in the past thirty days, they classify them as having very clearly and most amply elucidated his attitude toward the participation of this country in fu- ture assoclations of nations along the line of the league of nations, and that the subject may now be considered as closed until such time as the executive may make a recommendation to the Senate upon a definite plan which can be proposed to the other nations. It is said to be the President's desire to stress the domestic problems to greater degree and the executive is to take a larger share in the counclls of the legislative branch now deal- ing with them. * ¥ ¥ % Congressmen report that there is a veritable wave of agitation on disarmament sweeping over the country. Their mails disclose that the churches are taking up the subject, and that it is, indeed, a more mooted question with many elements of the population than the tariff or taxation, for the hour, at least. It is said that two opposing camps are found; in one, the people are looking upon dis- armament in the broad, emotional way they re- garded the league of mnations when first pre- sented and when the nation seemed to show a majority thought favoring it. In the other, there is a more cautious and conservative ele- ment of thought, representing the belief that it will not be wise for this countrv te disarm er reduce its military program without complete world concurrence. * X ¥ % Presidént Harding, the administration and a majority in Congress hold to the latter view, and it i1s expected to dominate the course of the execulive in future procedure. The President at this time finds the disarmament situation in Congress to his liking. He is not likely to be hampered in any respect by congressional in- terference with his plans, it is thought, and he still stands before the country as beinz in full sympathy with the general humanitarian pur- poses of disarmament, with “Americanizing reservations,” so to speak. (Copyright, 1921, by The Wasliingten Star.) Southwest Than Are Owned Here. U. S. RELICS HELD ABROAD Have More From Excavations in fPATENT OFFICE CHANGES. Commissioner Robertson Makes Promotions in Expert Force. are today in other countries. The proponents of preparedness have in- variably pointed to the sturdy repub- lic of Switzerland, whase citizens have always been ready to take up arms to prevent their country's being oyer- run by the larger nations which sur- round it. And today. Switzerland has | a larger regular army than any other | nation in proportion to its size. Its army numbers 170,000 men. or 4.2 per cent of its population of 4,000,000. Greece stands next, with 240,000 men in its army out of a population of 7,500,000, or a percentage of 3.20. But other nations have large forces Several changes in the expert per- sonnel of the patent office have been announced by Commissioner Thomas E. Robertson. Charles H. Pierce, examiner of classifications, has been assigned to have charge of the classification divi- sion, and will continue as heretofore to decide questions relating to the division. Law Examiner Millard J. Moore has !been assigned to duty in the office of the commissioner, and Principal Ex- under arms today. Poland is credit- |aminer Willard N. Holmes has been as- ed with an army of 815,000 men: |signed to duty as principal examiner in France has 735000 in its regular |charge of division. Principal Examiner army, though it recently mobilized | Eugene C. Taylor also was assigned to considerably more when the question |duty as principal examiner in charge of of German reparations and the fulfill- | division, and Fred W. Beale and C. V. Morton were promoted to first assistant ment by Germany of the terms of the | treaty of Versailles became a burn- | examiners. The changes were effective ing issue. Great Britain has an army | yesterday. of 425,000, including 130,000 Indian AIDS “WATCH TOWER.” troops serving outside of Ind Molshevist Russia, it is estimated, has 1,500,000 men under arms. The| Announcement has been mace ex u gift of $51.500 from Mrs. O. 1L P. Belmont toward the national worwn’s figures given for the armies of the new nations creatsd by tae Versailles party “watch tower” headquarters, at 25 1st street, opposite the CapitolL treaty of peace, ufter the overthrow From the “watch tower” the women of the central powers, do much to wiil keep Congress under observance add to the impression that Europ: today continues to be an Armed camp. !during the fight for the legal eqiality of women. Esthonia, with a population of 1,200, 009, has an army of 36,560 men; Lith- uania, with a population of 2,000,000, has 40,000 men in its army; Letvia, population. 2,605,000, army 45,000; Czechoslovakia, population 13,215,000, army 216,806 Of the old countries, Italy has an army of 464,000, with a pepulation of 36,740,000 to draw from; Spain has an army of 216,600 out of a popula- tion of 20,695,000. German Army, 150,000. Germany, it appears, has the same size standing army today that the United States will have when the provisions of the new army bill have become completely effective, 150,000, with a population of 55,086,000. Au- stria, the other defeated European power, one-time an empire, has an army of only 23,000 men, but its population has been reduced to & mere 6.400,000 souls by the dismem- berment of thé empire. Getting nearer home, that the standing army of Mexico today Is 90,000 men, out of a popula- of 16,000,000, Of the South American republics, Brazil maintains the larg- est regular army—37,000 men out of & population of 22,000,000—arid Argen- tina is second, with 22,000 men and a population of 3,300,000. Slated as Amabassador To Turkey, Is Report it is found In the far east China looms large ‘with & regular army of F.369,900 men out of a population estimated at 400,000,000. Jepan is credited with a regular army of 273,200 men and a population of 58,000,000. Of course, there are & vast number of Japanese trained resegvists, however, who may be called upon in case of war. Tur- key, in its so-called nationalist army, has 100,000 men under arms. 1t is clear, therefore, that except in those countriey which suffered de- It is reported that Mr. Skimmer of Masaillon, Ohio, now American comsul general at London, is slated for am- bassador to Turkey. Mr. Skinmer is highly indorsed for the post at Com- wtantinopie and has been mentiomed as ambassador to either Japan or Bel- sium. He has been in the consular service for more than twenty years. He is a republican and a persemal nounced that he would make another effort to have Rear Admiral Benson, chairman of the Shipping Board, sign an agreement between the men and the board on wages and working con- ditions. The private shipowners, Sec- retary Davis #aid, probably would not be a party to the agreement. | Secretary Davis is understood to de- ! sire to have the agreement signed by Admiral Benson before the new Shipping Board takes over Monday. as he believes this would obviate a i{delay that would be entailed by a {study of the whole question by the new board. The proposed agreement is under- stood to provide for a 15 per cent re- duction in wages and would continue in effect until April 30, 1922. The matter of reinstatement of men who went on strike, it is understood, will be covered in a separate agreement. One union of engineers in New York and Pacific coast locals refused re- cently to approve an agreement of virtually the same terms, and it is understood that they will not sign the present agreement. DISARMING FINDS FAVOR. Informal Responses Received From United States “Feelers.” | President Harding, Secretary Davis an- | Informal responses of a favorable character have been received here from several of the governments to which the United States recently ad- dressed informally the suggestion for international negotiations regarding disarmament. It was not revealed from what nations the responses had come nor exactly how definite they had been. Since the subject was broached by this government, however, wholly Informal and as intended only to lead up to a more concrete dis- cussion later. It was indicated that considerable time might be required to actually bring such conference about, but that officials thought the situation Was geveloping as rapidly as could rea- sonably be expected. —_— FAVORABLE REPORT MADE House Immigration Committee Supports Johnson Resolution. _— Favorable report was ordered yesterday by the House immigration committee on the Johnson resolution permitting the landing of aliens who have ar- rived in this country in-excess of the quotas alloted to their country of origin under the immigration restric- tion bill. Specifically the bill will permit steamship companies to land immi- grants who sailed on or before June 8, five days after the restruction law became effective, and it was amended s0 that the excess would not cut down the total of aliens eligible for admis- ‘sion during July. " ' Yt g Project of Local Association, to Cost $300,000, Indorsed by President Harding, Gen. Pershing and Others. Just a mile of two outside of Cha- teau Thierry, France, stands the ruins of what was the village of Belleau, on the edge of the foothills of Belleau wood, through which the gallant American forces rushed and turned back the Germans. In plain view of the village also stand the hundreds of white crosses, each marking the grave of an American hero who sacrificed his life in the great drive. The little village of Belleau, which contained about eighty-five houses, was destroyed during the conflict be- tween the Germans and the Ameri- cai It is proposed to rebuild the village as a lasting monument to the memory of those gallant sons of America who fought over and around its site. It will be a national monument to these heroes, for every state in the Union and the District of Columbia are represented among the dead who lie there. The District of Columbia contributes four of the number who died on the fleld during battle. To carry out this project will cost approximately $300,000 at the present rate of exchange. The Belleau Wood Memorial Asociation, with headquar- ters at 1315 16th street, this city, and of which Mrs. James Carroll Frazer is chairman, is pushing forward the work of collecting funds. Every dol- lar given for membership goes into the building fund. And that one dol- lar is all that is asked of any one. Upon receipt of the money 2 member- ship certificate and badge will be sent. officials | In addition it is planned to have the have been careful to describe it as|names of every contributor entered in a book which will be deposited with the mayor of the rebuilt town. Project Indorsed by President. President Harding has indorsed the movement in the following letter to Mrs. Frazer: “T cannot deny myself the satisfac- tion of telling you how much I am interested in the effort in which you are engaged to bring about the res- toration of the village of Belleau, France. The name, of course, has a peculiar historic significance, which ‘will never be lost to Americans. “The task in which you are inter- esting yourself is so very character- istic of American charity and broad sympathies that I feel sure it will ‘Wwin the success it deserves.” The late Chief Justice White, before his death, wrote to Mrs. Frazer, say- ing: “I hope your kind purposes may go directly home to the hearts of all as did the fire of our dauntless in- fantry yeach the German lines in the Wood on that eventful day.” Gen. Pershing Approves. “It gives me pleasure to express my whole hearted indorsement of the movement to rebuild the town of Belleau, France, by the Belleau Wood Memorjal Association,” wrote Gen. John J. Pershing, to Mrs. Prazer. he name of this town will ever be associated with the history of our army in. France, and the project to j restore it by Americans will surely awaken a hearty response.” Secretary Weeks of the War De- partment in a letter, said: “I am very much interested and in entire approval of your plan to de- velop the Belleau Wood Memorial which you have explained to me in your correspondence. I am sure it will make a strong appeal.to our people and especially to those who had relatives or friends engaged in the battle of Belleau and in that vi- cinity. I wish you every success in developing your plan and shall be glad to co-operate with you in any way you elect.” Senator Overman and Senator Lodge both have spoken on the floor of the Senate in favor of the association, and Senator Overman proposes to ob- tain for the organization the right to exercise the franking privilege. Both senators highly praised the plans of the association. List of Ameriea’s Dead. The numbers of American soldiers buried in the Belleau Wood cemetery, by states, follow: Alabama, 28; Arigona, 3; Arkansas, 13; California, 53; Connecticut, 59; Colorado, 18; Delaware, 4; District of Columbia, 4; Florida, 3; Georgia, 31; Idaho, 17; Illinois, 134; Indiana, 54; Iowa, 35; Kansas, 26; Kentucky, 33; Louisiana, 21; Massachusetts, 204; |Maine, 44; Maryland, 24; Michigan, 106; Mississippi, 11; Missouri, 61; Mon- tana, 27; Nebraska, 19; New Hamp- shire, 48; New Jersey, 62/ New Mexico, 3; New York, 241; North Carolina, 19 North Dakota, 16; Ohio, 138; Okla- homa, 27; Oregon, 2; Pennsylvania, 247; Rhode Island, 7; South Carolina, 4; South Dakota, 10; Tennessee, 19; Texas, 64; Utah, 15; Vermont, 27; ‘Washington, 26; West Virginia, 27; ‘Wyoming, 6; Virginia, 18; Wisocon- sin, 48. Officers of the Association. The officers of the association are: Honorary chairman, the Secretary of War. Committee members: Mrs. James Carroll Fraser, chairman; Mrs. James ‘W. Wadsworth, jr., Mrs. Edwin C. Gregory, Mrs. George Thatcher Guernsey, Maj. Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, John Barton Payné, Newbold Noyes, H. V. Haynes, treasurer. 3 Advisory committee: The ' Vice President, the French ambassador, the Secretary of the Navy, the Speaker of the House, Senator Lodge, Senator Capper, Senator Edge, Sen- ator France, Senator Keyes, Senator Moses, Senator Overman, Senator Owen, " Senator Pittman, Senator T (Continued on Third Fage) Foreign governments and museums have in their collections more speci- mens of relics and art objects brought to light in excavations carried on in New Mexico and. other southwestern sections of this country than Ameri- €an museyms or our own Bovernment, according to Dr. C. J. Blanchard of the reclamation service, who Thurs- day night spoke before the Washing- ton Salon and United Arts Society at the Playhouse, Rudolph De Zapp pre- siding. Discussing the various movements in this city for convention halls, meet- Ing places, a collection of state build- ings ;:d other places where the arts may be cultivated, Mr. de Zapp urged that the first duty of this co';:muzxy and Congress would be to provide Wash- ington with a model school system with enough well paid teachers and enough buildings for the accommoda- tion of all children of school age, after which attention should be given to the erection of palaces costing mil- lions of dollars which are mot so es- sential to the welfare of this city as the public schools. _ y WOULD PAY $11,500,000. Secretary Weeks Thinks U. Should Buy Cape Cod Canal. S. Purchase by the government of the Cape Cod canal for $11,500,000 has been recommended to Congress by Secretary Weeks. The purchase price, it was an- nounced today at the War Depart- ment, has been agreed upon by the canal ‘company and the department. It is approximately $5,000,000 less than the price allowed by a federal court jury at Boston in condemnation proceedings instituted by the gov- ernment. 4 The jury award of a price of $16,- 651,000 was reversed by the circuit court of appeals, not on account of the amount involved, a statement is- sued at the War Department said, but for various errors in the methods of computing the value of the canal. New negotiations then were insti- tuted outside the courts and an egree- ment reached. ————ae FIGURES ON FOREIGN BORN Race = Predominance in Cities Shown by Census Bureau. More than one fourthr of the for- elgn population of Baltimore is made up of Russians, while more than one fourth - of . Louisville’s foreign-born residents. are of German natlvity, ac- cording to figures made public by the census buresu. Of 83,911 foreign-born in Baltimore, 28,203 are Russians. Louis- ville'’s foreign-born population of 11,621 includes 4,748 Germans. New Orleans has a foreign born population of 25,992, the bureau an- nounced. The Greek forelgn born population of the city numbered 7,- 633 or nearly one-third of all the for- eign born in New Orleans. ‘ Society News ' | HELP TO EDUCATION URGED ON CONGRESS Place in Cabinet and Financial Contribu~ ‘ tign by the Government Pressed by i Proponents of Legislation. BY WILL P. KENNEDY. ;for the removal of illiteracy of per- ROPONENTS of legislation which | 008 over fourteen years of age, (2) will intensify the federal gov- |37-500.000 for Americanization, (3) ernment’s encouragement to | $20.000.000 for physical education, (4) $15,000,000 for preparation of public 18chool teachers—$50,000,000 for equal- izing educational opportunities in the states. Properly Fegeral Functions. All of these items are looked upon as properly federal functions, be- cause: (1) the basis of popular gov- ernment is general intelligence. which universal education and dignify the teaching profession with a represen- tative in the cabinet are making a new drive on Congress. They have been heartened: (1) By President Harding's interest in reorganization of the ad- ministrative branch of the government, shown by placing a personal repre- sentative on the joint congressional committee on reorganization, (2) by |is inconsistent with adult illiteracy, President Harding’s declaration to Con- [ (2) citizenship is distinetly a federal gress for a new department of social |rather than a state function, and welfare, education being a prime func- | Americanization of our vast foreign tion of such department and his direc- | population is essentially federal. (The tions to Brig. Gen. E. C. Sawver. his draft records revealed 37 per cent of personal physician, to make recommen- {our applicants ph iy defective, 75 dations for such a department: (2) b¥ |per cent of which, according to Gen. Representative Siemon D. Fess' intro- | Wood, could have been removed if duction of a bill for a new department |taken between the ages of six and of education and social service, and (4) | eighteen.) by the appointment of a new United | There a decided difference of States commissioner of education. opinion us to whether the Swmith- The statement is frequently made that | Towner bill interferes with private or we have no national system of” educa- ! parochial schools, and every member tion, but that we have forty-eight dif-{of Congress has received voluminous in the main this is| sic ferent systems. 1yrulu!.ili upon this Chairman true and as it should be, according to ! Fess claims that the has been those who have studied the problem |carefully framed to zuard against {most closely. Our system of govern- |such interference und against federal ment education is, in the main, state!control of edu the states. It rather than federal. Each state prop-|also guards against misuse of funds erly has its ewn system of cducation. {by limiting then to specific purposes, The part that the federal government'to prevent w St e plays in education can be no more than | ties. It requires a like amount to be co-operative with the states, leaving |raised by the states as a condition for leach state unhindered in its control |the federal aid | This is a point that is not infrequently overlooked. Factor in Public Welfare. Department of Education. The movement for a d education. althouzh it ha with rex d strength, Like the movem partment of bobbed up is mot mew. for equal suffrage Education, however, has always n recognized as fundamental, and | the federal government cannot over- h . n {ana prohibition it started more tha 1ook its importance. Before the Con- { oy ol VPR L e stit 01 as o E eus WO | .o 5 = i | stitution was adopted at least t tion Ascociation, voicing the senti- specific acts recognized the mational | pon. S G ETOR THERE TAG SenO- importanc® of education as funda- | .o far back “weat on vecord mental tion 16, school acts of of 1 in popular government—sec- |y giiol e o nd the | wiip o secretary riment of education, in the President's famous declaration in the ordinancs | cupinet, and as been reindorsed fof Attention is called 1o this | over und over azain down to the pres- by Representative Fess. who is chait- |ent time. Leading women's, civic, pa man of the Hous: committee on edu- | riotic and sovial wel organiza- cation. who has been urging upon the | tions have supperted the drive. | President the wisdom of creating the | Recently a a1 committee “for department of education and public |4 department of education” was or- W thus ziving to education proper and logical place in scheme of public welfare, as it is the one comstructive factor in all public welfare, the other divisions—public health, soclal service and veterans' service—in the new department pro- posed by the President being re- medial. The land grant college act of 1563. with various amendments, was the most important example of the use of federzl funds for educational pur- Ifare, S | ganized under the ok "ip of A. 203 | Lincoln Filene of Boston. This com- mittee includes Clevelund M. Dodge. Frank A. Vanderiip. Rabbi Wise, Rev. Frank Crane, Edward Bok, Geerge Wharton Pepper, William C. Redfield, Mrs. Thomas A. Edison. Miss Mary Garrett Hay, Mrs. Gifford Pinchot and others. Separate bills on physical education are now awaiting action in Congr poses. This act substantially served Rehabilitation Work. as the foundation of most of our| There is another line of education vastly important state universities. |that is purely federal—the rehabili- The latest amendment to the act ex- | tation work. When tends agricuitural training to local enacted the war the government sk insurance act it communities by virtually placing the |contained in thr. major items— university on wheels in the form of {(1) compensation. (2) allowances and luxtension schools conducted through |allotments (3) insurance. A | tne states. fourth major item was added—the re- Smith—Hughes Act. habilitation or reirdh of the man who returned |cific disability. There arc now 1 vast army of you ment of the purpose, not heal their physical wounds the aid of the hospitals, but to place them on their feet to face the world as self-supporting and inde- pendent citizens, so far as education can insure it. The organization of this work is as wide as the natiom. 1t is conducted by one central office located in Washington. which oper- ates through districts covering every part of the country. The Smith-Hughes act of 1917 was disubled above a spe- the result of a cenjunction of forces that had been operating for more than a dozen years. A commission was finally appointed by the Presi- dent. Under this act the federal gov- ernment will, when we reach the maximum appropriation, contribute for vocational training of our yeoth $7,000,000 annually, to be matched by an equal sum from the states. This ' {law requircs $3,000.000 for agricul- tural, $3,000,000 for industrial (20 per ; cent of which goes to home econom- | ics) and $1.000,000 for the training of teachers for these subjects. An amendment is now before the com- | mittee on education providing $3,000,- 000 additional for home economics in licu of the 20 per cent apportionment. The purpose is to place home econom- ics on a plane with agriculture and industrial education. There is also before the committes ithe much-discussed Smith-Towner tbill, providing for a department of |in training April 1, 1921, with pay al~ education. It authorizes annual ap-'lowance, 51,481, and without pay al- propriations as follows: (1) $7.500,000; lowance, 10,496. On March 31 the re- port showed 3.125 men who had com- pleted training and 7,370 as having discontinued. It estimated that 30 5 per cent of the latter had entered em- Nicaragua to Return Here|pioyment as the result of training: e 723 have died while taking training. ; j The first 2,000 men who have been rehabilitated went into 153 different - | kinds of employment at an average annual wage of $1.463.33, where the wages of the same men before the war was $1,07271. Two thousand schools and 800 plants are being used for this training. Up to March 31 there had been expended for this purpose $89.521,414.24. Since June, 1918, $68.000.000 of this sum has been for allowances. The overhead has been about 14 per cent on an avers age. Supplementing this act placing in a position of self-helpfulness, inde- pendence and self-respect, the enlist- ed men of America who returned in a disabled condition from their serv- ice, Congress also extended the re- habilitation work to the disabled in industry.- The service is to be carried on in co-operation with the various states upon the basis of equal appro- priation by the states for the same purpose. re-educated a in fulfill- only to through Training Disabled Soldiers. Army reports show more than 200,- 000 men discharged with some form of disability. Of this number 114.584 were designated as eligible for train- ing with pay for allowance, and 80, 075 have been been designated as eligible for training without pay al- lowance. Of this number there were Former Minister From FARM COMMITTEE NAMED. Senate members of the joint con- oo P gressional commission to investigate o e ot e ;| agricultural conditions have been ap= Washington e minister, wacceeding|pointed by Vice President Coolidge as Selisr De. Do Alejuntve Ceons, Whofjohyws: - Lesoot. Wisconsin; Capper, & e to Paris. Gen. Chamorro is well |y and McNary, Oregon, republi= known in Washington, having served ] : an minister to the United States im|cans. and Robinson, Arkansas, and l-r- 1913 ris, Georgia, democrats. ‘8 GEN. EMILIANO CHAMORRO, ~