Subscribers enjoy higher page view limit, downloads, and exclusive features.
POLES’ ACT CREATES CRITICAL SITUATION Allies May Be Forced to Go to Great Lengths Before Moving Dangers—Lack of Concord Possible. BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN, OW futile is any effort to iron out territorial and racial sues in Europe today with- out grim force behind all cdicts, and how futile, save in the rman question, is it for the allies to strive to work together in many | Question Before Allles. sections of the continent. with theiri The question that will confront al- own political and racial preju jlies will be how 1o force the Polish running counter current. possibl to surrender and abide by [revolters i the pfebiscite or supreme council de- never since the war has been icisions. There is no assurance that graphically illustrated than in upper Silesia. now torn by a species of civil | the Poles will do so even under great- strife. final settlement of which un- es!_pressure. Even should the allies consider it doubtedly must remain remote. i Polish imperialism — for there is ‘!u- the interest of all to force obey such & thing. notwithstanding admit- } i ] i 1 the have |cowed. | The Polish government may insist that the Polish rebels surrender their control. but any Polish government ! that presses the issue too far. in the face of popular sentiment. is in dan- | ger of overthrow. German been influences expelled or either will completely cos more ance to allied dictates, there is no tance, of this factor has a tendency to reason to presume the allies them- selves will act with any degree of co- undermine inherent desirgs of all peo. ples to see the Poles advarfte and pros ordination unless the interests of one per—is_responsibie for the condition or another are subordinated, for the which has been created by unorgan- Anglo-Italian viewpoint is decidedly different from the French. and it may be taken for granted that any policy ized Polish forces sweeping over Sec- | which will run counter to France tions of upper Silesia. which it was| painstaking political maneuvers in thought soon would be awarded to!eastern Europe, schemes which pro- iermany by supreme council edict. viae for the creation of a strong | True it is the Polish government may | ezstern ally to counteract Germanic | voice its inability to cope with those . influenc. and prestige. will be re- elements which have started trouble sisted to the limit. and gone o far as to fight military it With Silesia completely overrun by ¥ | engagements with allied troops 10 the Poles. and with the allies having | seize industrial districts of Silesia | Jittle ability. no matter how great the | and annex them for later incorpora- | ge. to handle the insurgent situa- | tion within the Polish republic. But. | ijon. jt is believed that the overrun | nevertheless. disinterested Spectators ' Silesian region will continue indefi will be hard to convince that the | hitely in Polish hands. with conse- present coup it not one of which the | quent danger to future concord he. Tolish government has had advance | knowledge. ! France's Recent Warning. | France warned Poland agains: ag-| gression in the face of the plebiscite | and allied dictates. that_there should | he no aggression in Upper Silesia.| But notwithstanding _this warning, which on the face of events would} absolve France. it is known that the} French, in the encouragement of their | policy looking toward the creation of the strongest possible Poland and in furtherance of Polish aims in the recent plebiscite, created the belief latter have run counter to the British | tween Germany and the Poles. Reparations Situation. The great reparations issue which has been in the limelight still is un- settled. despite the allies' uitimatum to Germany demanding that the sum of $32,142.000.000 be agreed to by Berlin. The Germars have until May 12 to decide whether they will abide by the allies' dictates or permit allied armies to march into the Ruhr mining and Westphdlian industrial regions. The decision to delay French occupa- tion of the Ruhr has created a great deal of dissatisfaction in France where people had been led to believe people that such aggression would! hat “fur would fly” on May 1. That} not be opposed by the French. The! [rench troops did not march into the | latter have run counter t othe British| Ruhr on that date is largely due to | the efforts of Premier Lloyd George and Italian members of the interal-{ of England. who insisted that the lied plebiscite and control commis- | sion. The French protest iz much the | Germans be given another chance to Same sort of action as the locking of | accept the final allied word. He de- the ‘stable door after the horse is!clarod that while the French were mohilizing their new forces—the class of 1919, possibly 200.000 strong—this note could go forward. and possibly i a reply received before the time limt. the occupation possibly being un- necossary. This invasion has been held up and the allies’ ultimatum de- manding unequivocal affirmative to! the reparations commissian's figures disarmament. trial for the war-guilty, { and other features of the treaty of | Versailles, has gone forward. Lloyd George Victory. Inasmuch as the Germans now are expected to give in to the allies in the face of determined measures to collect what Germany justly owes. Lloyd George may have gained a great victory, for, if he can get a favorable German reply before the | French have a chance to invade on May 12. undoubtedly there will have been removed another vexatious problem for the future. one Which. in. case the French showed disposi- tion to remain in the Ruhr and Wesphalia. might bring on a_ future stolen. The Poles. beholden to allied | nations as they are in future adjust- ments, which will give them protec- tion against both Germany sia, hardly would initiate any mo ment toward the reclamation of ail of Upper Silesia_had not the allies—at Jeast one of them—given them tacit| encouragement to do so. protests tol the contrary. aotwithstanding. The fact that the Polish government has been considering the annexation af Upper Silesia, in face of the pleb- iscite is evident because of the announced arguments which are to be presented by Forcign Minister Sapie- Pa to the allied supreme council in favor of the incorporation of both mining and industrial regions of Lp-‘ per Silesia into Poland. In all of these arguments the theme of an- nexation runs strong and reasons are cited why Silesia should not be di- Gided and Germans permitted to con- trol certain sections. Selfish interests run through all. inasmuch as Poland's need and not Poland’'s right is the fundamental upon which the advance, ., "' ne’ Lioyd George policy has claims are predicated. been bitterly assailed, particularly re Stromg Poland. in Paris, which has grown to dis- AN Desi trust the British premier's tendency to defer direct action. it having in the past been found to the disinter- is no reason why all veople. n?:)‘::lse not wish to see Poland have; nd strong r upper Silesia I 3 Ered mated. the |eat of French political policy. and if o |8 desirous of seeing a | the delay $his time prevents the world at large i i Ruhr occupation so dear to France's | | i Poland, one n ?fii!“':’.”.!‘"m‘.'":flfi‘“im neighbors | political heart. undoubtedly Briand R king toward Poland’s downfall.|will be in for some trying experi- ences, the blame for failure to realize on French opportunities to place th | Runr_region under French domina- tion falling squarely upon his shoul- ders. The Fehrenbach ministry of Ger- many has resigned. as was expected | in view of Simons’ utterances that | ere are doubts, however, that good Tor Potand can result from the ac- cumulation of territories which by plebiscite vote have shown preference | for other rule than that of Warsaw. An Alsace-Lorraine question in Sile- sia will result if the Poles are per- mitted to grab the Silesian industrial ons as well as mining country.!Germany never could accept figures, Paticularly after the recent plebi- fapproximating the 226.000.000.000 D e when the total number of Ger-|gold marks decided upon by the e am 'votes exceeded the Polish in the! Paris conference. and. though the! cabinet is holding over. it is expect- | ed that the new one Will be in more | accord with the German indus- trialists’ desires to prevent allied | domigation of the Ruhr by conceding ! the allied figures. i In view of the allied policy of pro- crastination and dillydallying _over many of the great questions in Euro- pean reconstruction since the armi- stice, the German industrialists ma. figure that. if by consent to the allied ' figures at the moment they can frus- trate_immediate seizure of the Ruhr territory at large. If provincial par-' titioning is carried out in accordance with the popular vote. then the south- ern. but not northern, half. the scene of the week's civil strife. would go to Poland and the industrial sections to ermany. G e supreme council which has been meeting in London to settle the Ger- man reparations question adjourned without passing upon the Silesian problem. and indeed it would have been idle to do so With events in a state of flux. Another se:son soon is %o be held in Ostend. and at that and Westphalia. the future will take ttme the whole Silesian question Will care of itself. and possibly to the in- ‘e considered at length. By that time terests of the Germans. who ever! the Poles possibly will have done will strive toward evasion of allied | what they wish with the upper Sile- stipulations. particularly when Ger- sian territory and possibly will have many is financally and economically overrun this section to 2 point where better able to do so. ! i i i | | i { | : | this line. The decision of the Rail- 1 {road Labor Board abolishing the na- tional agreements with the workers, 1 - . believe, is in the interests of the country and the workers themselves By this action men will cease to re- !ceive pay for work they do not per- form. This will result in a large sav- ing to the roads, it is said, a saving that should be refiecied in their J y | operation. (Continued from First Page.) | “The railroads in New England are ' having their difficulties ax they are ! There is N0 ' elsewhere in the country. I do not be- ters that ar€ jieyve there is anv appreciable senti- ment in New England in favor of gov- these days is important time for considering ma not of great importan Finances the Greatest Problem: ernment ownership,” Mr Coolidge - Sm—— { said in reply to a question. “Of cours Just what, Mr. President” [inter- 1y or0 e wome people who have be- rupted. “do you consider the most|jieved in government ownership in impor:ant problem that confronts the past and who continue to do so, this country today” but they are very much in the mi- Finances,” was the prompt reply. yoricy ¥ “From a governmental standpoint the . ‘~wihoyt attempting to place the| finances of the country alt portant today. This is reflected in the aes 'M° ylame anywhere for what happened | during the period of government| course of legislation in Congress. The = L = { B O e are Ziving particn. oberation. it may be said, I think, that Jar attention to the financial situa- N© ©One in Congress favors govern- tion, and revenue and tarifl legisia- Ment ownership after that experience. | In fact. I have heard it said that tion is being prepared { no one in Congress favors government “Private business of the country. as well “as public. is involved in this ownersiip. Of course. that statement question of finance. The character of i< relative. There probably are some T AT taxation that may be levied by Con-'members of the Congre: i Erens i an impariant fucior, toachins usvert e s, vut o many, Tre| WELFARE BILL HEARINGS. usiness as a whole business of the country should be | Drifting away from this subject for | JuSHess ! s | 2 H A e President h”[(. ned by its citizens |Kenyon-Fess Measure Up Next upon a closely related topic—the | Social Life Delightful. | Wednesday. railroads and their problem P H “The solution of the railroad prob- | Reverting to his life in the Na-{ Joint hearings on the Kenyon-Fess Tew fo - to Yar, extent thetional Capital, the Vice President|Dbill, for the creation of a department key to the existing situation,” he|said | of public welfare, are to be held be- said. “If that problem can be sélved | “There is a social side to life in|fore the Senate and House commit- the rest will follow. 1 belicve that | Washington that is different from |tees on education and labor Wednes- it can be solved and that the admin- | the social life in any other American]93y. it was announced yesterday by istration will accomplizh that end. It Tn the frst place. the various | Senator Kenyon. chalrman of the Senatc is essential that the roads make their ! nadiong of the w ] receipts cover their expenditure B o es Lo World have their regea: They cannot exist otherwise ® here. The officers of the ¢ to be EOVernment have their homes here “Aren’t some one's toes like : tand iive here practically e trodden on. bringing about thix solu- | 2F actically all the time. B on Dringingiabout -t Probably the most | i ety i Tonem i interesting people The Vice President considered for|in the world are gathered in Wash- & moment before repiying {ington. It makes a delightful so- “The railroad workers are among |ciety” the very best citizens and the most Vice President admitted that he intelligent we have in the country.” |is almost the champion long distance e said. “I believe in them and their | diner-out. But the dinners he attends patriotism. The four big brother-ipere have at least one great advan- hoods have used - heir’ influence uge over dinners he attended in patriotically in the pas i Massachusetts and elsewhere, white Possible Reforms In Management. |he was governor of the state. He can talk sitting down. He does not have With this he dismizsed tie prob- | ol A s ohTOP, [ to arise and deliver an address every es of the workers eaent have | time he puts on a spiked coat. Thi Fut in the Vice President’s extimation | '€ ®aid. was a great relief is ssary that the rozds ma Incidentally one of the most diffi- N ae saviags beatdes s cult tasks the Vice President has to- is saying “no” to the invitations showered upon him from every quar- eduction in | the wages of their employ es can | "1 is very probable thai there showered upon him from ee_improvements made in the man- | €7 QRS COURIEY ( Seliver peechos agement of the rallroads. he con- | state came into the Vice Presidents tinued. “IL would be strange if there | ALY Tam< fnto the Vice Fresident’s were not room for imzrovement «iong | was there. The Vice Presideit ex- { tates to accept THE SUNDAY STAR, WASIHINGTON, D. €, MAY S8 1921 —PART 92 3 THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD BY HENRY W. BUNN. by The Washington Star.) (Copyright, 14 1 following is & brief summ news of the world for the ended May GERMANY ecretary Hughes dispatched a 2d. ing the German government to make at once “directly to the allled governments nite and adequate proposal On the morning of May 5. no posals having been received, nor any that such were in train or even in Near midnight of Mondax. the United invi to ion nary of the seven da in the server. cable, urg tates in part reat Britain sentative of the President of the United State official capacity Quo tendimus? zovernment The deliberations The American ambassador to F the ambassadors’ on of Precisely where are we & conference as unoficial ob- for their w Roland W. Boyden will it in an un- Japanese the reparation commission. even: eager ing? as soon as clear, defi- The German cabinet—von Simons, Fehren- S0 at prese bach et cie—have resigned. This development. such pro- though important, will not be allowed to delay should the ¢ intimation contempla- allied action. zovernment —— has aceepted the to see that. Annexation not being the ticket Amerfcan ambassador eultivation of cordial velations with the far will take part the repre- (stern republic seems indicated: but achieve- ment of such relations is prejudiced by reten- the supreme council tion of Japanese troops in Siberia. The unti- ance will join militarists in Japan have long been clamoring 1L is possible that the is holding the balance te withdraw the Japanese troops it may seem wise—hesitating to do nt. because of genuine fear of the ithdrawal. recrudescence of bolshevism in Hastern Siberia Japanese soldiers pgo. The situa- tion (one of the most important in the world) ix dubibus z and disquieting. tion, the supreme council delivered an ultima- Himer it 1a reported that Moscow I8 greatly tum, to which Germany must subscribe by an Meanwhile, an interesting side-show ix in ijarmed by the situation in Western - unqualified written “yes” before noon of May Progvess in Upper Silesia. Armed detachments ihar the pedsants almost to a man ave up in 12; else immediate occupation of the It of Poles (ostenxibly civillan) have crossed the revolt: th ou-t forces have been dixpatched The ultimatum calls for acceptanc border from Poland into Upper Silesia and o put them down reparation commission's bill and scheme for its tryine o tuke possession of all the districts 5 % * liquidation: for a new promise to fulfill dis which voted Polish in the recent elections UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -The armament obligations previously defined, and Whether. as the Germans claim, the thinz wix friends of retrenchment in the House have ew Promise o bring to trial at once those carefully plotted in advance. or the cause wis played the devil with the Army appropriation accused of war crimes. spontaneous reaction to a false rumor that the bill. They would reduce the Army to 150.000 supreme council had decided to give Poland men. e only scertain very limited districts. or Le The immigration bill, havinz passed both For the immediate future, it remains to Temps suggests. German preparations on the Houses, ix now in conference. The Senate see whether the Germans will subscribe to the Silesian border were responsib'e, at any rate. a lopped off the provision favoring victims of Sitimatum. Suppose they do. ‘Chen it remains biece afier the noble models of D'Annunzio and relizious persecution 10 see how the new London program wil! work. Zeligovski is w-playing, with that very all The Senate passed the Knox resolution for Supmose 1t don't. Then it remains to see how person, Korfanty, in the chief role. The in- pegce with Germany on April 0. The com ocoupation of the industrial heart of Germany Vaders have ciashed bloodily with Italiin mittee on foreizn relations of the House scems will work. < to the reparation features of blebiscite detachments. The Germans say the in no hurry to present it; waiting. perhaps, on the London program, only an exhaustive study French are tin: ihe Poles: the French certain developments, such as the German could show how more severe these are than papers aver that the Irench troops are fizht s and allied action on the Yap note. those of the Paris prosram. For such greater them. Doubtless the French will do their duty, ederal stalistics show more than three verity the (iermans have only themselves to though admittedly woes e the wrain million unemployed in the country. Some labor thank. (It really is not certain, it seems. that Their temperament serves the Poes well, a leaders place the total close to fiva million the new terms are more severe than the Paris listically and socially. but not politically. In - The fallinz off for the whole country durinz ones. It is significant that Mr. Clyne. the this instance the Poles hiave erred artisticaily. April. however, was less than one-tenth of one labor leader; Mr. Asquith, and even Mr. Keynes, The self-determination stunt and the fait zc- per cent. The south and California seem to find them reasonable and acceptable by Ger- compli have become a bore. " be in the best plight. In New York city there AR, Hax any one mentioned the millennium are 230000 out of work. For the practicability of the new program— lately? 'he budget bill, somewhat amended, has only trial can decide that question. The much # # ok sed both Houses and gone to conference. abused treaty contains clement provisions in- REAT BRITAIN—There was no important The Senate committee on naval affairs has tended to safeguard Germany against unbear- goiliopment during the week in the minerss @01 items to the naval appropriation bill just able burdens. strike. The men are not showinz any disp ssed by the House aggregating $101.500.000 In his speech to the commons explaining the new London program George correctly pointed out that o main heads of German offending, tha of disarmament is the most illfcit military many are a terrible menace to the within and without Germany: they normal process of German politica The Einwohnerwehr in Bavaria are 300,000; in East Prussia the numbers are form- have rifles and a idable. . These gentry large number of machine guns veterans: bellicose and reactionary they remain armed, the communists cannot expected to turn over their concealed weapons. It is not iorgotten how last summe bolshevists were on the Bug and t ‘twas but the difference of a hair not the Germans would throw in their lot with Moscow. L But the guarantee: old familiar promises, forsooth, a commission; the committee of guaran: commission of the reparation commis important. formations still afoot on M . ir. Liloyd of the three in respect sympathetic M. Briand gives up the Ruhr occupation, and gets what in retun? 7+ tion to back down. The transport worker: strike In the Mersey more than 150 vi for the mencing work on two are again debating a refusai to handle coal are lying Pacific an addition to the personnel of 20.000 men: beginning work on for several naval aviation, and craft carriers bases on coast: for com- L The gl unable to set coal. Unemployment in in- Thgimsrine lstrlkevinteid adlogic in Ger- guciries dependen coal is imcreasing. At - KK ) veace both (he labor exchanze some 1800000 are regis. . WIANCESThe centenary of & Napoleon hamper the tered as unemployed. In addition. many are on (SN K8 CEREICT SUEEE THE ol branee more than \eek for unemployment benefits about 1,700,660 cnt EpLNE Ncthaps Jhe British At thelr pounds. The new defense force costs 00,009 Mot inspired moments) best kuow the secret. VI pounds per week. The commons have Dro- oo ug SOUM WiSh to have been a spectator TheY Are longed the Bovernment's emersency POwers. 1L o1 i en mmy Mot ey e bamme S0 1ong as may be found necessary to import coal, und if "‘ r '“” many: notables; were ipresent.: fu- cludinz illustrious captains, acs s 1 be i such case the vaymen and uransport Soos [WSIEOUN sapising, scadomicans fu the workers should refuse to handle it, ouly the g oo 40 N0 SOCRLY. SO n chitiratel r. when the piergency powers could save the stuation, g e & S s r“"h L memadons e Vilstuli, % it ; . : glories of that zreat fane, and euch doibtless S lathaiion An. offort, 1. be made toward resump- |oiurine 10 himself the sceme of Napoleon's tion of the conference between the owners and (0 UL 0 BIMEET FIE RERRE O N addent the miners’ chiefs. sUion, jare g slient, when' suddenly And all quite preventable and curaple ir 4 "0l O ‘::"";;,.'"“Z:::Jy,'f’""":“ finers} man were not collectively such an incorrigible prop o I SEH g0 the YORL (the) riem rumpets blare “Aux Champs.” So very French, podl s wnd so very right again. Who would have The s missed, had the opportunity been offered, the nd @ new RUSSIA—1 now register a caveat respec speech of Foch before the tomb in the Invalides, tees, a sub- inz all dispatches from Siberia, und especially in the evening, at the hour Navoleon died? on, which Listein Siberik. They may be true. but u Exactly one hundred years after the emperor's shall sit in Berlin and receive moneys, without much more ifkely to be propaganda. Some weeks — death, to the minute, a salvo of twenty-one coercive authority or power. What, then, do ugo the fur eastern republle, or Chita govern- guns crashed alonz the banks of the Seine, the French, skeptical of promises and commis- ment, seemed to be falrly launched (under its blending, to the imagination. with the salute sions, get to compensate for loss of the guar- new constitution, closely resemblinz ours) on of 100 guns beinz fired at the same moment antee which military occupation of the Ruhr a respectable career: it was reliably reported far away at St. Helena. would give? The entente preserved and that the minority communists recognized thelr A very Thersites one must be who should strengthened, the British and Italians are com- cause to he honeless and were operating in 1Ot at such 1 moment acciaim the incomparable mitted to see the London program through. The good faith with the new government. Now Eenius, the indomitable will, the Olympian greater sanctions are not abolished; merély one hears that these reds are’violently agitat- intellect, forgetting until tomorrow the cruel suspended. Should the Germzns default under ing for union with Moscow. cynicism, the even vulgar and sordid traits with the London program, says M. Briand. the Ruhr - Remember the caveat. So long as it can Wwhich these gifts were associated. One may basin would be occupied at once, without ref- be made to appear that Eistern Siberia offers thank the boches for the splendor of this cen- erence fo any allied conference. 4 bolshevist menace, so long will there be color tenary. What could be more in keeping than There remain, however, two other important for retention of Japanese troops there. For the speech at the tomb by Foch. the greatest things to see. What will the French chamber Japan the Siberian issue, bluntly stated, iy military genius since Napoleon? Not Napoleon say to the London program? And what does unnexation of Eastern Siberia to Japan, or himself ever pave a more bri'liant example of the United States government think-—what may cultivation of the most cordial and intimate Military intuition than did Foch on that day it possibly have to say--about the program? commercial reutions with Eastern Siberia. when at the battle of the Marne he divined The supreme council has formally invited whose coal. iron, efc. are very nece: to (did not see. was not informed by his “intel the United States government to be represented Japanese industry. Possibly the Japanese R€nce”) that the German line was being thinned at the present and future allled conferences, sts are looking for i pretext for an- At a certain point: whereupon he zave the order at Paris, and on the reparation commission. the ambassadors’ conference, which sits at The ion: but such an act would be ruinous to Japan. und one must credit them with the sense world. 10 his beaten troops to attack, and saved the pressed his great appreciation at the honor done him, but firmly declined. He said he had work here in Wash- ington. and he couldn’t see his way to leaving the Capitol just now. but expressed the hope he would have an opportunity to visit the city in ques- tion later. 4 One reason the Vice President hesi- invitations to make public addresses is that he feels he has to be guarded in what he says. “1 intend io support the adminis- tration.” he said. very frankly. “If in discussing a public question upon which the administration had rot yet reached a determination 1 took a definite position, it might be at va- riance with the decision finally | reached.” Feels Need of More Exercise. | While the Vice President freely ! confessed to the charm of the Na tional Capital, he said that he still | has a hankering for Massachusetts | at times. For one thing, he has no opportunity to get out of doors. “How can 17" he said, with a smile, | referring to his well filled days. But he added that he was going to remedy this condition. that his medical ad viser had insisted he should do xo. He said he was seriously considering the advisability of taking up golf, that safety vaive upon which public men in Washington. from President Harding down, rely to give them nec- essary relaXation and excreise in the ! open. Once upon a time the Vice President played golf. he said, but, he gave it up when he married. But | he kept up his walking while he was governor. Every evening when he left the state house he would do his three miles at a fast clip. Here he has no' time, so far, for that kind n.l! thing. 3 Mr. Coolidge is a great reader— perhaps it would be more correct to say he has been a great reader, for he has little more time to devote to} reading now than he has to exercise. But he is planning to get back to it soon. He and Mrs. Coolidge are go- ing to call a halt, for one thing. upon dining out (Copyrigh. 1921, by The Washington Star.) ate yesterday from the Senate commit- tee on agriculture by Chairman Norris It is the plan of the supporters o this measure to get carly action upon it REPORT PACKER BILL. Senate Amends to Appoint a Commissioner. The packer bill providing for gov- ercment regulation of the big_indus- try was reported favorably to the Sen- ate today from the Senate committee | on agriculture by Chairman Norris. The bill was amended so as to pro- vide for the appointment of a federal | live stock commissioner. instead of a commission of three. The commis- sioner will be under the direction of the Secretary of Agriculture. Other- wise the bill is practically the same as that passed by the Senate during the last Congress. Members of the committee said that they would press for early action on the packer bill, A Minister at Washington Is Strongly Urged in Canada From the Ottawa Since the que commor tion of a #ton Canad 8 much discuss taken c in the pre desirabiiity of the cou posed. In an some quarters that the absence of one sistent with our nation; in other quarters voiced that such a step tends toward destruction separation, involving The ancient principle of protection in battle, the use of icago bandits b: out eight fect high and six feet wide. A square of bulletproof glaxx enables policemey behind the shield to direct it toward the line of ire of an entrapped crimin: employed hereafter, when ¢ in of bulietproof met: debate s as the is on minister on fear the empire’s diplomatic unity. In the Journal's opinion those who favor repre tation would more progr in bringing the public to their point of view if they ltheir case 1ess on the question national status and more on the has to the that is pro- need of a minister is urged on the ground incon- higher status as make rested the ground of practical necessity. It has frequenty been pointed out how British embassy is {cone Canadian business war Lord Hryce said that between 1wo-thirds and three-fourths of ihe embassy was so tuken up. Pos sibly that proportion would not hold today, but. revertheless, the fraction must still be large. | " he point is made (it has been ad- ivaneed in the commons and is being urged in some scctions of the press) that a Canadian representative is un- necessary, because it is alway pos- sible for a Canadian minister or of- ficial to go to Washington on short notice in order to deal with any case i that comes up. The answer is that, wiile such an arrangement per- | haps better than nothing. it is un- questionably inadequate for our pr ent necds. In the first place, it fails 'CHICAGO POLICE CHIEF ORDERS SHIELDS TO STOP BANDITS' BULLETS. elds, will be with bandit police. The Rifie and revolver holes, protected by shutters, afford opportunity to return the fire without danger to the in expecied to prove especially useful in eaptur- attacking party. The shiel desperadoes who barr e themselves in houses. * Ty sential re- in negotiu- completely Guirement to meet the e of continuity icy. Any one who has had any ex- perience in such matters can testify that it is seldom possibie to conclude La uustion at issue bhetween two countries in a day. a week or a month. "~ Questions of importance and. for that matter. questions of slight importance) often require long negotiations, stretching over months |and requirinz many eschanges of | views between the two governments. _Again, the method of negotiation by infrequent visits of ministers or of- ficials renders it quite impossible to sccure the advantages of the persona factor that counts so much in the case of a resident diplomatic repre- entative. Such a representative s00n acquires a large acquaintanc ship among the officials, public men and legislators of th country (o which he is accredited; he estab- lishes good personal relations and a knowledge of the people with whom negotiations must be conducted; and {in this way achieves a position which enables him to negotiate with much possible in the case of an official making only infrequent visits. Tt may still be necessary, and indeed it may )]fi of the greatest benefit, as the t experience of the war has shown { abroad. that cabinet ministers of two | countries should sometimes meet face i to face: but this cannot obviate the need for continual representation. Furthermore. the method of occa- sional visits has no value whatever in connection with the importan: | Breater facility than could ever be function of diplomacy of forestalling prejudicial action by presenting timely information or representations. One of the most important functions of a diplomatic representative is to strive at all times 10 avoid the rais- ing of issues at all, thus preventing friction. As things stand at present. Canada is badly handicapped in her dealings | with the United Stat We lack the great advantage arising from dire and continual _personal intercours with the American authorities. W are hampered by the inevitable dif- ficulties that are involved in any effort to explain or discuss a com- plex question solely by means of cor- respondence. We are sometimes with- { out information concerning projects or matters in the United States that affect Canada. This is in no sense a reflection upon the British embassy, which in the nature of things has_not an_intimate knowledge of Canadian conditions, and so is unable instinc- tively (as ought to be the case) to appreciate what is of moment to Canada. British ambassadors in the past have been the first {o feet the nead which the present proposal is zned to meet. Indecd, it is not 100 much to say that the present lack of intimate means of official intercourse between Canada and the United States is a danger to good relations. This does not refer to any concrete case, nor does it mean that our relations are in any present peril. It does mean, however, that in the new conditions of the world resuiting from the war our respective interests are likely to touch at many more points, and that the lack of effective representation would be a handicap in the conduct of our relations that no responsible person ought to contemplate with equanimity. Everything considered, therefore. a Canadian minister at Washington is desirable. Not because of any high- faluting talk about national status. not because there is any thought or hint of breaking from the Motherland or weakening the empire’s united front, but simply because such an appointment is a practical necessity —the motive behind nearly every ad- vance in the empire's constitutional growth, \ tion and in the understanding of pol- | ILATIN AMERICA COOL i of Other HY BEN McKELWAY. ICARAGUA'S withdrawal from the lengue of nations is go- | ing to be followed by sim- ilar action on the part of other countries of Latin America, not (from any desire toward aligmment I with the policy of this country in its jattitude toward the league, but be- jcause of u general lack of interest land faith in a movement seemingly | renounced by the United States. This [much ix. gathered from conversation {with those who have studied the probable effect in South America of ithe definite stand toward the league of nations adopted by the administrs tion. To express South America's atti {tude toward the league as it is to- i'vl;n would be difficuli because of the the differcnt hese variance of opinion in countries. but the belief «xists that Nicaragua's withdrawal is { expression of an attitude toward the nd her stated r 1 des're to ved to e only hich promnted the in Latin America son for gettinz ou | down expense—!s i one of the many { action. i Though th's countiy's failu join the league is consirued o brimary reason for the ing unpopularity in South Americ there are others which spring fromw it. One of them is that the prerent league of nations as it stands. pro- vides no substitute for the Monroe doctrine, and the hope of fnding such a substitute in the league said to have been one of ihe motivs which prompted the wide Latiu { American_membarehip. The Monroe e has nof. on every occas ol terpreted by this ecountry 0 ing of some Latin American republics. and this explains what has been characterized as the desire for a substitute. The f-ar of foreign implication at a closely allicd with this feeling is a: unwillingness to trust a settlement of South American disputes o a league largely composed of urop nations. Two boundary disputes which have lately arisen in South America and Central America indi- cate the jealousy with which exch country seeks to preserve whai it believes to be its own right And if there was a desire to leave such set- tlements to the league of natiors. Secretary Hughes' firm declaration that the Monroe doctrine—and not the league—stands. has illustrated the fruitlessness of the loague where South American questions are con- cerned. Whether Latin will eradually from the lengue. Arew. or whethar their withdrawal Aclegates for mnartic l.ague's coursels i€ @ cmestion but the latter course is halisved ta be ihe rrolable one Argentina’s failure {*a m~t-" an eMeia! mavas toward as- certaining definitely her status as a i member of the e iz seen n n countries withrraw formally as Niewr~eus with- e et T failing to send pation in the Americ Lindieation of how th's latter attitude might find exnresion Tatin American goveraments ra- | for the mast crived nopular Sunport. t wart, when fher hecame wembors n the Teagun of naticne, althoneh this support is weakeped naw. But shonld an asser’ation of nations. with the United States as » membrr. h~ vro- faand ~nd Steve foles for fre faree. the republics of the south wili sw the lead of this country in wut- ‘t on a practical. self-sustaininz * ok ok ok Although the American Chamber of ~“omm e of Buenos Aires and nri- vate ‘nterests have sought to have this ccuntry outline to Argentina spe- ‘ific mearures which should be taken ‘n connection with the bovcott whick new is preventine the unloading of in Buenos Aires there is no indica- ]'inn that the United States will go his far in the matter. There is said to be no desire on the part of the United States to interfere in any way lz\ilh the internal affairs of Argentina or to rmbarrass that government in e efforts now being made to un- sngle the labor nroblem involved. Under the port fiscalization plan BY JOSE MELENCIO. A dispatch from Manila says that the Filipinos have protested formally ! against permanent retention of the Philippines either as a state or as la territory. Commenting editorially on this move by the Filipinos, The Star observes that there need be no worry on the score of statehood, that “the Union of States is compact physically and there is every reason why it should remain so.” This is sound reasoning, for the Philippine archipelago iz 10,000 miles distant and there is nothing in common be- (ween the two peoples socially and ethnologically. The only thing in common between { them is the idea of democracy and the similarity of governmental inst i tutions. This was the reason why | the idea of statehood was dismissed !long ago in the councils of the na- tion. And it was the reason why twice in American history a declara- tion of intention was made that American sovereignty would be with- drawn some day. The first was on February 14, 1899, in the third session P of the Fifty-fifth Congress, which stated: “It is not intended to incorporate the inhabitants of the Philippine Is- lands into citizenship of the United States. nor is it intended to perma- nently annex said islands as an inte- gral part of the territory of the Unit- ed States.” The second was on August 29, 191§, reaffirming that “it is, as it has al- ways been, the purpose of the people of the United States to wjthdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine Islands and to recognize their inde- pendence as soon as a stable gov ernment can be established therein. In spite of all these assurances, however, there i8 a movement on foot today which seeks to make America turn against those announced poli- cies and annex the Philippines per- manently as an integral part of the TUnion. The foremost advocate of this step is the American Chamber of Commerce at Manila, whose repre- sentatives are now busy at Wash- ington. They want a territorial form of government for the Philippines. This, of course, is a prelude to per- manent annexation. It is this even- tuality that the Filipinos wish to { league which is breoming wid. spread | “|p is | ! time when the repubiies of lLatin America are busy attendiny to their own internal affairs is another reason for disinclination on the part of those | Latin American republics to carry on as members of the league. And the Munson liner. Martha Washington, | TOWARD THE LEAGUE Nicaragua's Withdrawal Will Be Followed by Similar Action on the Part Countries. {which was. adopted more than two !vears ago atter serious labor troubles miade it necessary for the government to assume control of the port. it is the government's duty to care for la Lor troubles as thev arise. The Ar gentine government is stated. Is Inow using its best offorts to bring L about ettlement of the present dif fAculties hetween the port workers and the ship owners. Any private in- texforence will make the Argentine government's task more difficult, it s [stated R One of 1the®most interested of the jLatin American countries in the jemergency tariff bill now before the |Senate is’ Uruguay. practically all of |whose products are agricultural and Imost of whose exports consist of ! wool. hides. meat. fodder. wheat and {flour. which are affected by the terms of the pending bill |, Bacause of the great incrcase trade which took piace between {United States and Uruguav during ‘the war. the present position of this feountry in Uruguyan commerce is of ereat importan: and advantage Durine the war Uruguay’s exports to lthe Tnited States increased from i 7700 000 in value to more than $20 - {090,000 four times the original mount. And Uruguay's ability to v from this country depends on the mount of products she is abie to sell e The jmuay livestock nroducts which Uru- exports constitute more than 44 cent of her total exporte: and ,‘l‘nh]r- ra‘sing makes up 85 1o 90 per ieent of her business. Out of aproxi- Imately 46.200.000 acres of her total 74.000.000 acres are devoted to inz. More than 100,000 of vopuintion are engaged on abo 15.000 catile ranches oo On about If Uruzuay finds the United States i feattle ra market closed by a high protective tari¥ to her wool. hides and meats, 1 is suid. Truguay will have to turn other countr many of the she now buys here. i * ¥ % X Members of the delegation nf eot- | ton Lextile goods manufacturers who recentiv called at the State Depart- ment to request aid in alleviating a condition ir Cuba resulting from the [ inability on the part of purchasers o pay’ for goods bought on credit lin 1he” United States, will go to Cuba and attemnt to of their difcult Thongh the State furable to make any of actien in the matter, considera- ition and future conferences were {vromised. According to the latest informat however, these confer- ences will not be held in view of the planned Cuban trip 1 atehes received at the Argen- | 1ine embassy here report the estab- lishment in Buenos Aires of thirt new libraries. The Argentine ! government is_about to undertake a | consus of the forest resources of the | country. directed toward an investi- | gation of Argentina’s dependence ona { foreign market for forest products. * % % % | Nicaragua's population. according to censns figures received here, shows a total of 638 119. of which 107.767 are wh There_are 571 Americans in { Nicaragua. 1576 British—many of whom are negroes — 5.000 Hondurans, 462 Chinese and four Japanese. Fig- { ures show a large nercentage of illit- eracv. only 176.921 out of the total popu'ation being able to read and writ Census figures from several of the Latin American countries have been received recently. about eleven of the countries having conducted a cen- < tast year. A decemnial census, , similar to that in the LUnited States ! h been urged upon the South i American countries which have no regular census. * * x *x ! The second session of the Pan Amer- ican school of foreign and domesti commerce will begin June 20 i continue until July 30, the lecture: | be conducted in the Columbus room of the Pan-American Union building. The school will be under the ex- ecutive direction of Dr. Clarence J. Owens, director general of the South. ern_Commercial Congress, with Dr. L. S. Rowe. director general of the Pan-American Union. serving as ! chairman of the advisory council. The governing board of the Pan-American TUnion and officials of the Depart- ment of Commerce are to co-operate in conducting the school. A similar course was conducted here last sum- mer, and is said to have been very | successful in a settlement there, it is stated. Department was definite promise n. FUTURE FREEDOM ASSURANCE ~ IS WHAT THE FILIPINOS ASK ;Immediate Independence of United States Not Demanded, Native Writer Contends. They want to preserve theif Own nationality and they do not want to lose their national flag. It is a noble wish and it is hoped will be respected by the noblest of na- tions, all inducements to the contrary notwithstanding. ThE'ler that opponents of Philip- pine independence may yet succeed in carrying out their program of re- | tention” is constantly disturbing the | Filipinos. Hence their insistence that the problem of their promised inde- I prevent. i pendence be solved “immediately.” The Star suggests that “they will (have to wait * * * that the solution may be distant.” What else, of course. can the Filipinos do, inasmuch as they have no way of making Congress ;act? They can rely solely on the in- tegrity and sense of justice of the | American nation. “Immediately, however. does not | necessarily signify that independence should be granted tomorrow. It is very clear that it cannot be done that way. It is very clear also that the problem is varied in its aspects. All the Filipinos want is that steps be taken now leading to the concession of their freedom. By asking that of America. they certainly are not ask- ing too much. It is not too much to ask that the wheels of legisiative procedure be put in motion now to settle the question definitely. The un- certainty that hangs over the Philip- pines like a pall concerning their fu- ture political status is detrimental not only to the interests of the Fili- pinos, but also to those of the Ameri- cans residing there. It is productive only of discord between the two peo- ples. The Filipinos are not seeking a deadly break with the United States. They only want to enjoy a Sovereign mfatus. Along with their freedom they are willing to enter into such ar- rangements with America as would adequately safeguard her interests in the far east. Naval and military bases and commandery posts she can have in the islands as well under =& Philippine republic as under the Ppresent arrangement. There is hardly any concession consistent with our dignity that we will not gladly yield the United States, if only the promise of independence to us would be re- deemed. What more than this could be desired? The Extremes? From the New York Sum. “My dear, what is your opinion of her . "Howrtlll you have it, candid er ] BB S e e