Evening Star Newspaper, April 11, 1921, Page 16

~ 1~ TEmES RICH RUSSIAN OIL FIELDS IDLE AS DEMANDS i - ’Petroleum Fu'st Reached by Dug Wells, i Into Which It Seeped to Be Bailed Out and Carted Over Roads. “While the United States and Mex- ico are forging ahead in the produc- ! tion of petroleum, feverishly develop- ing their discovered fields and tap- Ping new ones,” says a bulletin is. sued by the National Geographic So- ciety, “the Russian fields, where some geologists believe are situated the world’s most extensive oil resources. are to a considerable extent marking time because of disturbed condition: * resulting from 14 war. Al- though the M fields are more _spectacular. the United States are now yielding in the aggregate much more oil, the Russian fields, especially those near Baku, on the shores of the Caspian sea, have long been very near th front in world interest. Gas Escaping for Ages. *The oil t ory about Baku is not like that in our own midcontinent fields, where grain grew in a rich surface soil and where there were no | indications t tell the layman that far below the surface were pools of liquid gold. The oil-bearing strata ach the surface or ‘outcrop’ over a considera rea in the neighborhood escap- ing at the surface have made their presence known for ag are no indications that in re- mote times either the oil or gas was put to much practical use, as modern people understand that term, but there is little doubt that priests of the fire-worshiping cult which flourished in old Persia made a ‘good thing' out of the phenomena. Not far from Baku are the ruins of a temple of the cult which is believed to have been in_existence for more than 2,500 vears. Tower beacons and altars are provided with channels concealed in the masonry, which demonstrate that gas-fitting is not a craft of modern birth. These channels led from fissures in the earth which once furnished nat- ural gas. To this temple came pilgrims from all parts of the east as late as the eighties of the last century. Beside the walls of the temple today a mod- furnishing an ‘mphatic contrast in the old and new uses of nature’s gift of oil and gas S Appreciable production of petroleum began in Russia in 1363, four vears after the first oil well was brought in on Oil . creck, in Pennsylvania. The first ve Russia turned gut a little less than 41,000 barrels, while' production_in the United States was more than 2.500,000 barrels. Russian’ Gushers “Fountains.” “Early commercial development of oil in Russia was atrikingly different from the development in America.~ Dug wells were used. They were several feet and of depths varying from few feet to fifty feet or more. The oil seeped into the bottoms of the pits and was bailed out. THese grude methods continued for eight years, but under e s consjterable production for those days was maintained. In 1570. the year before the bringing_in of-the first drilled well. more than 200,000 barrels were uced. P e brigeing in of what Ameri- cans woufi!weak of ul t;\ ,flrsl sher was not an ummize ess- o€, ‘This fountain' of ‘spouter. as such wells, are ‘called byr the Eng- lish oil men’.of, the Baku felds, was unexpected.” Nothing wa# known of the handling.of oil-flows under high pressure at ‘that time.’so the well ran d and conld not b Pe brought under control Most:of; the oil was a total loss. “When fater - ‘“fountsl brought in under. eoncm a the present’ demand for eil exist Europe, cartying (-aud- were poor. and the pl‘a!ene. ST great guantities ncmumn G A& MOUNT. Man Should Have 8 Hobby to Ride ‘When Not at Work Prom the Review. . ¥or the man whose vork 1s neces- sarily uninteresting, there is but one solution, provided he has taken care- ful stock of his capabilities and possi- Bfifties and finds that he must remain | where he is, and that {§ to create a : permanent interest outside of the shop dolng the thing that he likes to do best. There are but few who find thetr work so absorbing that it satis- were hln: llku cause of their vocation, of their “outside™ interest. contented man is not discontented b cause of what he does, but because he doesn’t know what to do with hi surplus time, so that after several rou of the movies a plate of ice cream and a jazz selection on the pho- nograph, his store of amusements is exhausted. It isn’t the eight hours at the machine that makes the anarchist; it's the eight hours of idieness. The ‘men that succeed In finding the blue bird of happiness capl these hours of rest—not at work., perhaps, but at something essentially satisfy- ing. The Prince of P penter by trade—and more. Wash- ington was a surveyor: Andrew Ca: negie, & captain of industry—and a writer, and Theodore Roosevelt, a statesman and a naturalist. Man's first duty is to provide food, clothing and shelter for his family. The twentieth-century man sacrifices but eight hours of the twenty-four for these. Let him call the first eight hours a sacrifice of time and interest, and find satisfaction for the desire of his soul in the other eight. He should be honest, play square with his em- ployer. give a full eight hours of la- bor, but get enough fun out of the other eight that when he reports for work each day he is ready to give his part to the world's work, and give it gladly. He should get a hobby and ride it until ig ¢=u stale, and then get another one. Twu-thirds.of the day, three-fifths of the week, 219 days of the year are his fo spend pleases. The machihe has this: no other generation began had the leisurs he has. —_—_— Kingdoms on Tiny Islands. Frum the Detrolt News. There are & number of diminutive water-surrounded monarchies off the coast of Scotland. They each have thelr kings, but are subfect to the British crown. One of them is the Isle of Bute, in the Firth of Clyde, which is owned by the Marquis of Bute. The kingdom contains only fifty square miles, but has a popula- tion of 11,000 people. There are six lakes within the island, the largest being Loch Fed, which is about a quarter of a mile wide and about nine times that in length. The famous ©0ld home of the marquis dates from the year 1098 Arran is another of these kingdoms in the same firth. The Marchioness Graham rules over its 5000 inh ftants. It is nineteen miles long and ten miles broad. It was on this island that Robert the Bruce is said to have hidden in a cave for some time, and there planned one of his expeditions 10 »ver the crown. The ruins of castle, once the home of one of Bcol land’s kings, is on the island. 8ir John Bullough rules over the Istand of Rhum, which is one vast game preserve. Nearly all this islan. is deep forest and moorland, and afl of it isx mountainous. Cnly 300 acres are tfllable, and it has 160 inhabitants. The island provides deer and other game for the nobility. The largest of these island groups 1s doubt wis Ixland. one of the outer Hebrides grou the west coast of Scotland. It covers an area of nearly 700 square miles, and boasts a population of 37,000 people. It has splendid lochs, where splendid fishing s o be had, and red deer atill roam over the moors and forest land. Jand_has a stirring history. for the people have always been fighters and have many times defcated the royal troops. OF WORLD GROW R of the liquid above ground demoral- ized conditions. The Russian govern- ment experimented for a number of years with monopoly regulations and then heavy taxes. When taxes were reduced in 1877 the Baku oil indus- try grew very rapidly. Carters Fight ‘Pipe Line. “Before the first drilled well was brought in all oil was transported to Baku from the oil fields, a distance of eight or ten miles, in barrels on awk- vard two-wheeled Tatar carts. An endless stream of them traversed the | unspeakably bad road from morning until night. After the advent of gushers a pipe line was projected. ‘The Tatar carters staged a riot when the plan became known. The pipe line was constructed, however, and the arting industry died. From their commercial start in 1869 until the outbreak of the world war the Russian oil fields were second in production except for a few years | when they passed the United States. When Russian production reached 1 1000.000 barrels 1884 in the United being 61,609,000 to the latter's 55,364 . In ‘1901, when Russian produ tion reached its highest figure—85, 000,000 barrels—it was well ahead of that year's production in the United States—69,000,000 barrels. But the very next year the United States Jumped to 88,000.000, while Russia ad- vanced to only 80,000,000. The lead of !the United States has increased steadily since that date. “In its banner year, 1901, Russia produced a little over half of the out- put of petroleum in the entire world for that year. The production from the United States was not much under a half. and over 90 per cent of the world's oil came from the two coun- trie ear Equals Month's U. S. Output “In 1913, the last complete year pre- ceding the war, Mexico had joined the United States and Russia in con- tributing the lion's share of the world's oil. The three countries pro- duced practically 90 per ocent—the United States 65, Russia nearly 17 and Mexico nearly 7. These three countries now produce more than i90 per cent of the oil output of the world, but since 1913 Russia’s output has fallen steadily; that of the United States and Mexico has steadily ad- vanced. “The 1920 Russian production is be. lieved to have sunk to about 25,001 000 barrels. This was considerably less than the monthly output in the United States during that year, and was probably not much more than jone-sixth of the Mexican productio jDue to its long production period, Russia has playeéd an important part !ln supplying the world's oil. Through 1918 it had furnished more than one- quarter of all the oil which had been produced commercially in the history of “the oil industry. In the same period the United States had con- tributed more than half. “THe oldest and best known oil fields near Baku are on a bare, desert- like plateau a hundred feet or more above the Caspian sea. The oil sands are found at various depths. The pools are believed to be in lens- shaped pockets, largely independent of each other. Gas pressure in many cases is very high. As a result, gush- ers of great initial production are struck, but unlike the Mexican wells, the production is not long-lived. It is belleved, however, that the oil pockets are numerous and that many are untapped.’ MAYFLOWER RELICS. Fleet Would Have Been Needed to Bring Over Pilgrim Furniture. From the New York San. If one visits Pilgrim Hall and other places in Plymouth he will note huge Chests of drawers and other pleces of heavy furniture, all bearing labels with the claim that they came over in .the Mayflower. In many homes, not only in New England, but else- ‘Wwhere in the country, are other bits of furniture which presumably also ‘were brought over by the Pilgrim Fathers. All these naturally provoke the question as to the dimensions of the Mayflower and what it was known to contain on its first memorable voy- age to New England. It is fairly certain that the vessel was not more than ninety feet long and twenty feet wide, a mere pigmy ship, as it were. During the late war it could hardly have qualified for membership In the mosquito fleet which _protected American _waters from the German U-boats. But be- by Slated for Appointment In Diplomatic Service The appointment of Misx Lucille Ateh- erson of Columbus, Ohlo, as secretary of the United States embassy in Paris in being considered by President Harding. According to reports the ppointment in approved by Secre- tary Hughes and Myron T. Herrick, the new ambassador to France. Miss Atcherson wam engaged in war relief work in France with Anne Morgan. IS CHICAGO A JAY TOWN? From the Chicago Tribune. It is. We cannot drown out the fact in the noise of horns or hide it in the robe of smoke that wraps us round. Chicago is migh! Its heart great. " Its possibilities are, as we are always conscious, virtually lim- itless. Yet as a city we are a jay town. In population, in wealth, in material activity, in vigorous person- ality, we rank among the great me- tropolises of the world. We have fine public buildings and noble parks, great hotels, an opera house and an’ opera of first rank, a world-famed orchestra, a creditable art collection, fine libraries, a great university, many theaters, endles shops and cafes. We have all th mechanism of a great city for work and pleasure, vet we are not metro- politan as London and Paris, Berlin and Vienna and New York are metro- politan. Chicago—we do not speak of its people as individuals, but of the col- lective entity, the physical place—has not the appearance and manner of a city. hicago, despite at beautification. is unkempt and un- couth. Impressive it is in size and the suggestion of vast forces it ex- Dbresses, but wthout coherent cqmeli- ness and unity of character. Our blue prairie sky is fouled, our streets and buildings, like our clothes and | persons. are overlaid with coal dust as our Iungs are filled with its fumes. Our streets are unswept and the per- Petual winds of the windy city sweep the gatherings before them in clouds worthy of the sand storms of Architecturally, we are lacking the unity high standards character all the great cities world, even nouveay New Forir ° Chicago is the ctim of country thrift, of the cautious conservatism of a frontier generation, of a society which made its own wealth in the sweat of its brow. practicing a shrewd economy to buttress itself against the accidents of a harsh and fluctu- ating struggle against reluctant na- ture, of a people Penniey Daaas Ple who counted their hard to get. its attempts Sahar: anarch: and harmony and which stamp with use they were few and Extravagance, waste aw and habit of 5;?21 qrg;lngl adventures = e city has ne to spend. e in the fu- had much —_— THE FIVE-FOOT SHELF. From the Detroit News, What has become of five-foot shelf of the w‘greld‘f:mboe‘:: books, that collection of super-class- lcs which was to serve the busy housewife and father as a short cut to culture and the higher life? Some years ago these collections were all the rage, the most famous of them being made up by Dr. Charles W. Eliot. Let a man attain prominnce In any field in those days and it was inevitable that he should furnish us with his personally selected list of forty or fifty books, the perusal of which would give the reader an in- tellectual filn“ generally credited only to uf ersity graduates. The need which this five- foot shrl{l was to satisfy was and is to this day | a genuine one. With thousdnds of books published every month, with hundreds of magazines, weeklias and monthlies sent Into the wopld week w |DY week, it is not surpris ng that | of twenty men. passengers were crowd Smallest possible space, have hs;n little room left for unmec- essary baggas It must be remembered, too, lln Pllgrims were forced to bris them food sufficient not only for thn long journey. but to se through the first winter in the New World. We know that they had with them a goodly mpnl; of bacom, hardtack, salt beef, smoked herring, cheese, vinegar, butter and probably lemons and prunes. Pmumnbly. also, they had penned up poultry, Bwine and goats with which to Stock their new homes. Space did not per- mit the shipping of cattle. howeve: and Longfellow drew entirely tpo his imagination when he depicts Priscilla Mullens as mounted on a milk-white steer. Moreover, much of the space be- tween decks was occupled by a shal- lop tranaported in pleces which. when put together, was about thirty feet long. and place had to be reserved for ro] sails and other equipment. The vessel must have been loaded to its full capacity. In short, the May- flower was barely large enough to bring over the Pilgrim band itself, with such articles as were indispensa- ble“to life. That they burdened themselves with bulky furniture while there was not_room enough for the winter's 1food is hardly pPobable. The Pilgrims were idealists: in » sense they were | Sreamera, But they ecertainly were not simpletons. The tradition that the Mayflower came to Plymouth on this famous voyage laden down with turniture is_ obviously at variance | with fact. She made. however, nthn voyages to the New England coast in | later years, and it is not impossible that some of the importations im- puted to her may have been brought over on these occasions. Beethoven’s Deafness. From the Detroit News. Beethoven's deafness has heen ex- plained ae due to rheumatism, ty- phold, influenza and other causes. A Viennese paper relates the follow- ing story, told by Charles Neate, an English pianist, to whom it was told by Beethoven himself in 1815: “T was busy at the time (1802) with an opera, not ‘Fdelio’ and had & great deal to do with a w! lifll l.llfl dis- reeable first tenor. 1 had alread ritten two arias for the same tex! with nah.h. f which he was satis- fled. Fin: he acoepted the third, and when h& left 1 thanked heaven that I had got rid of him. I sat down and began to work on some themes that had been interrupted by his constant calling. but scarcely a half hour had elapsed when there was a knook at my door. I recog- nized it as that of the tenor. I sprang up from the, table ®so en- raged that when the man entered | threw myself on the floor, just as gotors do on_ the stage, you know. But vhsn pt up 1 was deaf and hysiclans told r i uh:ff o physiclans told me tha! wound- o Lhn-AndMOrY DATES 1 the average men yearns for some kind of reader's guide to help him through this m: The wonder of it is that we haven't more of these collections of “The Thousand Best Novels," or “One Hundred English Masterpjeces,” or by whatever name these offerings may be known. Within certain limits these things have their use, just as every collec- tion has, whether it be one of stamps, or Indian relics. They stimulais book buying, they get books talked about. and it is probable that they increase the total number of reading-hours of a community. But their importance is nearly always over-emphasized. To any one who loves to read and to whom his reading means something there can bé no best hundred books selected for him by some one elsc. Nor does the fact that the selector is & noted educator make the collection any more valuable. For after all he can only select either what seems to him to b the best books, or what peo- ple living in former days considered the best book: A Loser.. From the Detroit Free Press. “T never argue with my wife.” “You don’t!” “No. I used to in the early dn.ys but I simply got tired of losing.” ATHER JOHN S , MEDICINE AI.I- PURG 'OOB In the attic, the base- ment, throughout the house, PREVENTOL' frayed liberally ends I possibility ofmseds (PREVEANTOL) > MAKES A (1T AN HOME 4— eSS e— — —— _____'THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, P. O, MONDAY, APRIL 11, 1%t WASHINGTON, P. 0, MONDAY, 5 BavnHovnsCo. THE BUSY CORNER" PENNA.AVE.A‘I’ 8 TH.ST. Our April Sale of Silks ZPR]L 11, 1921, AM. Close P.M. 5. Batmbonsfio‘ ‘THE BUSY CORNER" PENNAAVE.AT’ST‘H ST. Three Winning In Full Swing, With These Splendid Values 5,000 Yards Summer Dress Silks $1.95 b 36 and 40 Inch New Spring Foulards —1In an endless variety of small neat figures, scrolls, all-over designs and polka dots. tan and white, Copenhagen and white, brown and white, tan and blue, black and white, white and black and plenty of the wamed navy blues and white. Regularly $2.50, . Tuesday, a yard, Satin Superior —In stripes of navy blue and white, black and white and navy and tan. 36 inches wide. Yard, $1.95. Spo —Whippoorwill —“Here-N-There" —Roshanara Crepe —Chinchilla Satin —These are shown in plaids, stripes, brocades, in rt Silks —1In the following well known qualities : “Tally-ho" —Dew-Kist —Khaki-Kool Imported Black Dress Taffetas —37 inches wide. Excellent quality and weight. Imported Black Satin Florence, very soft quality, 36 Inches wide. Yard, $1.95. wide. White plain Dew Kist, Khaki Kool, the newest color combinations and also plain and two-tone effects. —Prices a Yard Range From DRESS GOODS That Are Inexpensive ~—And are just right for making up wraps, dresses, skirts, suits, etc. —$550 S4-in. All-Wool Trico- yard ...ccceceenns —Priestley’s Navy Blue Serge, 47 inches .wnie. $l 50 A yard.. —Prlesfley- S4-inch Tailor Serge, in navy $2 59 blue and black. A yard —S54-jn. Velours, in brown, red, banana, American beauty, Pekin, navy blue, * reindeer, etc. A 53 00 yard .. Kann's—Street floar. effects, others in the with georgctte, a styl $3.50t0 $6 f 46 bust. and are shown in a very emart style, At cecemccccriricommacemanctetiiioiias Priced, —Shown white stripe effects. 36 inches —Shown in 16 distinct designs, also in Motora, Sport Satin and Sport Pongees. $2.50 to $6 Kann'’s—Street Floor. Organdies —Dainty tinted grounds, with small neat figures, in pink, tan, Copenhagen, lav- ender and black, also in plain colors. This is one of the new arrivals. And we have only a limited quan- tity for tomorrow. Secure the amount you desire early. Ma - 35c In Yard, $1.95. Pure Dye Navy Blue Chiffon Taffeta in six different Yard, $1.95. Sport Silks terial is 38 inches wide; a yard.. Roshanara, Chinchilla, Baronet Satin, Kann’s—Street Floor. UNTRIMMED HATS ‘The Shapes: Tricornes [ Mushrooms 8ide Droops Lisere s P-n.ln The Trimmings to Use ~—Ostrich feathers, fruits, novelty ribbons, fancy In All of the Popular Shapes —DMade of high quality braids, in colors and black. $2.95 to 85 Values at $2 29 The Braids: China Piping and others Navy Henna Brown | —Empbhasize your individuality by having your hat trimmed to suit your style. ornaments, and dainty flower wreaths. Priced From 95c to $5.00 Karm 's—Second Floor. —Our trimming service is free if you purchase the hat, trimmings and linings in our millinery store. Designed for Stout Fignm as Well as Medium Figures and Misses . All-Wool Jersey Suits —In sizes for misses of 16 years to those for women These have the popular tuxedo collar $29.75 Wool Jersey Sport Suits —Made with notch wlhr. finished with two pockets and narrow belt, in all heather mixtures, atees..cmessesoees Charming New popular Tuesday at the Moderate $18.50 ~—Three particularly attractive models, in sizes from 361 to 4814. —One model has a semi-tuxedo collar and is shown in all the new and popular heather mixtures, blues, greens and browns, at.. —The other two models are made with tuxedo col- lar, with inverted pleat in back, or in box-pleated : back at .. $29% and 3392 Jersey Suits in Colors —For misses and women of average size. The colors are the new Marion blue, light and dark tan, black, navy and brown; made with tuxedo col- 519 90 . Jersey Suits at $12.95 —We still have an excellent line of these suits, in tux- edo and notch collar styles, in misses’ and women's lar, sizes. Spring Dresses me. 82975 are trimmed with mAny little bustons. Washable Cotton Lingerie At Prices That Will Enable You to Secure Extra Supplies Women’s Corset Covers 50¢ —One_style trimmed in blind embroidery, another in lace and insertion, -with ribbon drawn through the top. Draw- string at waist. Women’s Extra Size Petticoats, 75¢ —Of white cotton, embroidery trimmed. Another style finished on flounce with tucks and hem- stitching. —Better Qualities, In Extra Sizes, at 85c and $1.25. Women’s Extra Size Drawers, 69¢ —Of cambrle, finhhed wm: tucked hemstitched ruffle. —Better Q-alllln at 78¢c, 85c and $125. Princess Slips, $3.00 With camisole top of fine lace and embroidered medallions. Made with deep flounce, three rows lace insertion and edge. —Better Quality at $3. Kann’s—Second Floor. Women’s Good Quality Petticoats, $1.25 —Of white cotton, knee length; regular sizes. Trimmed with rows of insertion and lace edge on flounce. ‘Women’s Corset Covers 75¢ —More elaborately trimmed in fine lace at top and around armholes. Another style trim- tned with lace and embroidery. Women’s Cotton Drawers, 50c ~Of cambric, trimmed with tucked hemstitched ruffie, The other style has embroidered ruffle, with tucks above. Combination Corset Cover and Short Skirt, $1.50 —Of fine cotton, finished at waist with beading, ribbon drawn through. Trimmed around neck and armholes with lace and insertion and also at bottom. Crepe de Chine Dresses, Pretty Dresses of Satin, Summery Frocks of Foulard —They are made up in a host of attractive styles, some in the new long waist frlceful Russian blouse style. The foulard dresses are draped e to which this material lends itself most charmingly. They and others have the new eyelet embroidery. The taupe and black. All sizes to select from. Kann’s—Second Floor. Numbers in NEW, Wash Fabrics Novelty Printed |Checked Ging —32 inches wide, in hrge and small checks, If the kind or size of checkyou de- sire is not here, it probably has not yet been designed, because there does not seem to be one variety missing. The colors are pink, blue, lavender, brown, red, etc. Also new Tweedies in this lot. A yard eeeeee. C S0 Fiber Silk and Tricolette Searfs Are Now the Vogue —Paris wears them, and Wash- ington considers them _very stunning to wear as a choker or throw around the neck or shoulders. —They are extremely -stylish as well as a comfort on chilly evenings. —In plain colors of brown, gray. navy blue, honeydew, black, white, mixtures, etc. Some have the clever and at- tractive Richelieu stripes. Priced $3.50, $5.00, $5.98, $6.98 and $8.95 Kann's — Neckwear Street Floor. Printed Dimity —Another of the season’s new fancies, in checked designs, and neat and dainty figured effects, in white and tinted grounds. A yard.. Store, —The taffeta dresses are made in the fluffy, ruffled stgle. some handsomely braided shades are navy, brown, gray, ¥ 4 Pongee Blouses For Business and General Wear —The business woman finds a pongee blouse about the most practical and becoming of any of the new effects brought out this season. The new styles in which this useful ma- terial has been made up are perhaps one of the reasons for their populartiy. A Nickel Watch | | =Blouses at $2.99 Tuesday for $1.00 models. Sizes 36 to 46. —Blouses at $3.99 \ —They are made with tucked front, two-in-one collar and round collars, finished with little edge of pleating, and some plain tailored Kann's—Bargain Table, Street Floor. —In tie-on models, two-in-one collar, with side pocket; and several «Your fim opportunity in five years to buy a watch this at the above --Blouses at $1.983 condition. —Thess watches were made to sell in regular stock at $2.25. We bought them at a very #pecial price. You have the benefit. Kann's—Street Floor, tuxedo collar, vest front, with hemst ing, others plain tailored models. —Extra sizes, 46 to 54, in severa tucked and flat collars, others w: Kann’s—Second Floor. models are made with round collar trimmed with plea!mg and pleating down front. Others are in pleated and tucked effects, with pleating down the front. Sizes 36 to 46. —Regular sizes from 36 to 46; are made in slip-over models, with itched hem and little lace edg- 1 attractive tailored styles, ith two-in-one collars,