Evening Star Newspaper, January 9, 1921, Page 59

" Part4—6 Pages WASHINGTON, D. C, Many Changes Take Place in Inauguration Ceremonie EORGE WASHINGTON’S Inaugural Parade Started Fourteen Days Before ‘the Inauguration Actually Took place—-By Carriage and Horseback All the Way From Mount Vernon to New York City—Details of Ceremony of 132 Years Ago—John Adams Inaugurated in Philadelphia—The Military Display of Other Days—When Statuary Hall of the Capitol Was the Scene of an Inaugufiiion—Rifle- | men on Pennsylvania Avenue During Lincoln’s Parade. By H. 0. BISHOP. HE inauguration of a President of the United States is al- ways an event of deep interest 1o the people of this country. Yo have the pleasure of witnessing the swearing in of a new chief execu- ‘tive is a strong and natural desire of all citizens, no matter how remote from the National Capital may be their place of residenc Like all other big affairs, inaugura- tlons of Presidents have assumed <hanged aspects in keeping with the growth and development of America. On the fourth of next ch Presi- dent-elect Harding will comfortably make the trip to the Capitol in the very latest design of the auto manu- facturers’ art. How different will be that procession from those of the earlier days of this republic! Let us hark back over the span of 132 years, for instance, and recall some of the @etails of the first inauguration. George Washington's inaugural pa- rade was started fourteen days before the inauguration actually took place. This was necessitated by reason of 1he fact that Washington lived at Mount Vernon and the swearing in was to take place at New York. ‘There being no railroads at that time, the journey had to be made either by carriage or on horseback. Wash- ington utilized both styles of convey- ances. Before starting, however, it was necessary for him to make prac- | tical use of friendship by borrowing the sum of $3,000 to defray the ex- penses of the trip. Accompanied by Col. Humphreys and Mr. Thompson, the President elect left Mount Vernon by carriage on April 16, 1789, for New York. A short time after getting under way H ¢ « “AT THE INALG Lhe’ were met on the road by a party f old friends from Alexandria. To- gether they proceeded to that city, and there, at Wise's tavern, a_great dinner was served in honor of Wash- ington. _Patriotic toasts. were numer- ous and speeches were not lacking. “Go,” said the mayor, addressing ‘the President-elect in hig farewell re- marks, nd make a grateful people happy.” So overcome by his emotions | was the great general that he could scarcely respond - to farewells. ‘When, on the next day, Jeft Alex- ndria. he was accompanied to eorgetown by a great erowd of mnot only men and boys, but aiso by a large . number of women and chjidren, form- ing a procession which, Baid a writer of that time, “was gr tl triumphant Rome ever. bsheld. - * % ¥ ¥ ‘A LONG the route thé met half way by residents of Georgeto content with this, esco: number of ¢ who not that city the cavalcade was met by a number of the more preiinent citi- zens and together they groceeded to Grant's tavern, where agsupper was to bed at werved. The general we 10 o'clock and was up bef@re daylight on the following morning’ (Saturday). t 5:30 the early breakfast had been sposed of and, amid the cheers of the people and the “boom” of artillery, Washington had started for Wilming- ton. It was evidently the intention of the escort to accompany him to that place. but when the procession had left Baltimore seven miles bohind it was Washington who insisted that the Baltimoreans return home, and they reluctantly complied with his wish. Near Wilmington a_delegation was awaiting his approach and an address was read to him. He was most hos- pitably and reverently cared for and was accompanied by many Dela- wareans to the Pennsylvania line. Philadelphia had made great prepara- tions to receive the hero. One thou- sand dollars had been appropriated to pay for a great military reception and individual effort 0 do him honor was evident everywhere. Early on #Monday morning Washington arrived at Chester. where he breakfasted His carriage was, by himself, ordered 10 the rear, and when the journey was once more taken up the President-elect was mounted on a magnificent white horse. Gen. Arthur St. Clair headed the ‘o- cal notables who came out from Phila- delphia 1o receive the passing guest. The crowd was an enormous one— greater than cver before seen in Phil- adelphia. Triumphal arches spanned the streets and decorations of ever- greens and flags hid the fronts of the shouses. The boats on the river were bedecked with the gayest colors. and cverywhere were culogistic and pa- tic mottoes. ray’s Ferry was reached about noon. Whiic passing bareheaded beneath one of the arches erected for the occasior Washington was re- quested to stop. He did so, and Miss Angelica Peale placed on his brow the laurel wreath of the victor. The Alliance and a Spanish frigate at anchor in the river fired salutes at Washington's approach, the bells of Christ Church were rung. the popu- lace cheered. and the scene was one which could not be forgotten by any of those who witnessed it. At the celebrated City Tavern, 2d and Chest- nut streets. a great banquet was gerved. and one of the newspapers of that time remarked -that a novel and extraordinary femture of the occasion wus the playing of music by a band throughout the whole of the dinner. It was a busy evening for Washing- ton. He received a large number of private citizens and nearly every in- Stitution in the city presented him with a complimentary address be- fore he left the city, which he did noxt morning. The city troop had msde arrange ments to cscort the gemeral as fer SUNDAY MORNING, MAGAZINE SECTION ! FICTION | @:hg %unflm %i&f JANUARY 9, 1921 i I FEATURES l as Trenton, but to this Washington made strenuous objection because of the rain, which was then pouring down. The rain ceased, however, shortly afternoon, and before 2 o’clock Washington had left Philadelphia. His recepticn at Trenton was char- acterized by the chroniclers of those days as being magnificent. A gigan- tic_arch, covered with suitable in- scriptions, was the most prominent feature in the decorations. At the Trenton end of the bridge, over which G | men in boats. JRAL BALL OF PRESIDENT GRANT THE COMMITTEE OVERLOOKED THE ITEM OF PROVIDING HEAT IN THE TEMPORARY ’ll’ll.l!l!“.i. NOT A SOUL REMAINED AT MIDNIGHE” g ‘Washington crossed into New Jersey were 2 large number. of ladies, and immediately in front of them were their daughters with baskets of flow- crs. When the general approached them the procession stopped whila the ladies sang ar ode composed for the occasion, and the daughters strewed the hero's pathway witi flowers. Dipner was eaten at Samuel Henry's city. tavern, and Washing- ton spent the night at Princeton with the Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon. At 2 o'clock on Wednesday after- noon the party_left for Elizabeth, where Washington stopped at the public house of Gen. Smith. There the final stage of the journey started, for it was there that Washington stepped on board the barge which was to convey him to New York. The barge was a fine specimen of the ship-builder's art, manned by thirteen masters of vessels. In ad- dition to Washington and his friends, there were on board the members of the joint congressional reception com- mittee and a number of other celebri- ties. Eeher e o X ONG before the barge reached New York it was met by hundreds of The weather was re- markably fine and the water was extraordinarily smooth. As the flo- tilla neared Bedloes Island, now oc- i house on church bells rang. At 12 o'clock the) military marched to the presidential | Cherry street, followed | shortly afterward by the congre: sional committee of reception and the heads of the principal governmental departments. Half an hour later the | procession. commanded by Col. Mor- gan Lewis, with Maj. Van Horn and | Maj. Morton as aids, proceeded to| Federal Hall. The President-elect rode in a state coach, drawn by four horses. Behind him were Gen. Jay, Gen. Knox, Chan- cellor Livingston and a number of other dignitaries. The federal build- ing was crowded almost to suffoca- tion -long before 10 o'clock. In the Senate there was much nervousness and discussion as to how the Senate ought to act when Washington ap- peared. Should it stand or sit? Par- liamentary precedent was sought for in vain, and John Adams was finally left without instructions as to the President’s reception. Then arose an- other debate as to how the Senate should receive the clerk of the House of Representatives, and while the senators were in the midst of the de- bate the Speaker of the House, close- Iy followed by all the members, en- tered the chamber. That put a stop | cupied by the flgden of Liberty, a large sloop wailéd close to the barge and moved ‘parallel with it, while twenty men dpd women sang an orig: inal ode of gpraise to Washington, the words ng set to the tume of Save the King.” Washington waff-very much affected by this touch- ing’ display of popular regard. Just a8 the singers finished their ode a School of porpoises appeared in the | hidst of the little fieet, bobbing up and down as thought inquiring as to the reason why there was 8o much commotion and rejoicing. The shore were crowded with thousands of peo- ple, and 8o great was the fleet of boats im the river that the surface of the water was hardly to be seen anywhere. The larger vessels fired salutes and were magnificently dec- orated with bunting. At the ferry staira carpetings and hangings of crimson were features in the prepa- rations made for combined comfort and display. The President-elect was received by Gov. Clinton and his staff and by many of Washington's old officers, all in full uniform. The streets were 80 crowded that it was only with the greatest difficulty that a way could be cleared for the distinguished party. Flags and flowers were dis- played from every house. A special bodyguard was tendered Washington, and in reply to the offer he said that for the present occasion he would accept its services, simply, however, as a matter of ceremony, because he needed no other bodyguard than the to discussion, and for one hour and| ten minutes the two houses sat to-! gether. ~ * k kX WHEN the President arrived he was received by the joint congre: sional committee, and by them his coming was announced to Congress. Just at this time Chancellor Living- ston discovered that there was no Bible in the federal building. His be- ing grand master of the Free Masons, however, relieved him from this di- lemma, for he remembred that there was a Bible in the rooms of St. John's Lodge, No. 1. These rooms were in the immediate vicinity of the federal building and the Bible made its ap- pearance without delay. Washington was. conducted to the open gallery, in front of the Senate chamber, which looked out on Broad street. He was accompanied by John Adams, Gov. Clinton and Chancellor Livingston. Washington advanced to the front of the balcony. lald his hand on his heart. bowed several times and then sat down. ‘When Chancellor Livingston ad- vanced toward him_he arose and he paid the closest attention Fhile the oath was read. The open Bibls w lifted up and Washington kissed It. Chancellor Livingston cried, “Long live George Washington, President of the United States!” { 1t is said that as he bent down to | kiss the open Bible which Chancellor Livingston_held he murmured, with intense and fervid utterance and with closed eyes, “I swear, 5o help me God" Then Washington bowed once more to the people, while guns were fired and the populace renewed its cheer- ing. Washington was dressed in & suit of dark brown cloth, with metal buttons on which eagles were em- bossed. His hair was dressed and powdered after the fashion of the day, and was worn in a baz. On h hoes were silver buckles, and at h! side was a sword. The President returned at once to the Senate chamber., When he en- tered all arose, and, still standing, they listened to his inaugural address. The | President was extremely nervous; he trembled continuously. He attempted a couple of gestures, but they were so awkward that one of the spectators '“l writing of the affair remarked that he wished the President had not at- tempted oratory. He aid not like to feel for a moment that Washington was not first in everything. From the Senate chamber the President and a great crowd of legislators proceeded to St. Paul's Church, where the chap- | lain of the Senate conducted services Prayers for_the President were sald and the Te Deum was sung. and then Washington returned to his official residence. At night there was a dis- play of fireworks, paid for by private subscription, which lasted over two hours. It was witnessed by the President from the windows of Chan- cellor Livingston’s house, on the lower part of Broadway. The second inauguration of Wash- ington occurred at the famous In- dependence Hall, Philadelphia, the seat of governtent having been re- {moved to that city. The ceremonies s Since Early Days | 1ing his sanguine faith in a fair day|delphia convention, sovernors and ex- for his inauguration. W ile the elec- dent |latur ritori governors and members of the legis- of the different states and ter- officers of the Army and elegations of Indians and the |corporate officers of Washington and |Georgetown were in line. toral votes for the eighth Pre: were being counted in the presence of | the two houses of Congress, Febru- ary 8, 1837, Senator Henry Clay marked to Vice President Van Buren ltiis a cold day. sir* Van Buren re| I the evening three inaugural balls = 2 £ |were held, at the grand saloon., a Plied: “The sun will shine on the 4th | mporary ' building erected for ih: ir. Y occasion,” in Jjudiclary square, nea. | ‘Ti.e prediction was fulfilled. for . iy hall: another at Jackson hall, an i | |March 4, 1837. dawned a beautiful da¥.)util another at Carusi's saloon. Presi - the sun shining brightly. Washington {dent Taylor and vice President Fill- ¥ | | | SOME TIME IN HIS LIFE, B were the heads of departments, for- eign_ministers, the Speaker of the House, Jonathan Trumbull, Jus- tice William Cushing, Vice President John Adams, and many other promi- nent people. Thomas Jefferson, dress- ed in a blue coat, single-breasted, with large, ‘bright, basket buttons, his vest and small elothes of crim- 80D, was a central figue as he stood at_the front of the hall. No meetings were held in the even- ing, as the custom of inaugurai balls and social festivities was introduced at a later period e * * k k OHN ADAMS, the sccond President was inaugurated in the Olg State House at Philadelphia. Absence of street parades or any showy display was the feature of this inauguration. An audience of the nation’s notables, including Thorgas Jefferson, was pres- ent in the House of Representaties | to witness the ceremonies. George Washington was greeted with shouts as he entered the hall. It was a notable gathering, because | there were assembled in that room those who were to witness the inaug- uration of the -last federalist as a chief executive; also notable because this was the last time Washington and Jefferson ever met. President- elect Adams, accompanied by the heads of departments and the marshal of the district of Pennsylvania, was received on his arrival with great demonstrations and was escorted at once to the Speaker's chair. When the | assembly had been called to order, | he arose and read his inaugural ad dress. The oath of office was adminis- | tered to him by Chief Justice Ells- worth. The newspaper accounts are | very meager of any outward demon- strations following in the evening. This was the last inauguration to take place in Philadelphia, as the seat of government was changed dur- ing Adams' administration to the city of Washington. History is far from clear as to the details of the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson. It has been the popular thing for the past hundred years for the devotees of democratic simplicity | to regale their hearers with the story of Jefferson’s lonely and inconspicu- | ous ride from his lodgings to thel “MARTIN VAN BUREN WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT WIHO HAD NOT, AT {ney General. : public_reception. u 1 ed with a ball at Davis' Hotel, at which j father of the President. | street from the Ebbitt House. bly at Davis Hotel, now the Metropoli- tan, in honor of the day. It is hardly necessary to add that all society was represented there to do homage to the ; President and the other high officials | present. President James Monroe was escorted to the Capitol by a cavalcade of citi- zens on horseb: On reaching the | Capitol they were received with mili- tary honors by the Marine Corps, the, Georgetown Riflemen and a company of artillery and two companies of infantry from Alexandria. Following the swear- ing in by Chief Justice Marshall, the| escort attended the President to the! xecutive Mansion, which was the house t the corner of New York avenue and 15th_street, known as the “Octagon.” the White House having been destroved by the British troops on August 1 1814, and not vet rebuilt. Here Presi dent’ Monroe and his lady held a grand “The evening conclud- were present the President and ex-Presi- &nt and their ladies and the usual officials. L The auguration of John Quincy Adams was staged in that part of the Capitol now known as Statuary Hall. The guest of honor was the venorable John Adams, second Presi- dent of the United States and the At the time of his election. John Quincy Adams resided at 1333 F street, across the This inauguration was pleasantly enlivened by the presence of the courtly and popular Daniel Carroll of Duddington Manor, who marshaled a large number of his friends in the parade. The manor was located in what is known as Southwest Wash- ington. The parade up Pennsylvania | i of March, sir." | was crowded with strangers. Lodg- | ings were difficult to obt: All sorts of indoor places were converted into sleeping apartments for the tired multitude. The escort to the President-elect consisted of a volunteer brigade of cavalry and infantry and a number of political associations. President Jack- son and President-elect Van Buren were seated in a phacton constructed of oak from the original timber of the frigate Constitution, manufac- tured at Amherst, Mass., and present- ed to the President-elect by hig friends in New York. It was drawn by President Jackson's four carriage horses, with elaborate brass-mounted harness. . In the evening two inaugural balls were held. The President. ac- companied by the e President, with a number of senators and representa- tives and high officials, attended one of them. * k¥ k +EVER before was there such an 4N inaugural parade as was given The whigs of Baltimore manifested their admiration for “Old Tippecanoe” by presenting him with a carriage drawn by four horses. When this ele- gant turnout appeared at his quarters avenue was one of the most notable ever held in Washington. The new President was escorted to his home lon F street, where in the evening he |recflved many of his friends. ! The White House, having been re- built, had been occupied a short time ! by President Monroe, who gave the first public reception held in it. as it now stands, on the evening of February 9, 1825, the day on which EEN A BRITISH SUBJECT.” - of that perlod takes this little fling at the retiring President: “Adams added his own little personal insult by driving out of Washington during the night in order to avoid the spec- tacle of the following day.” The second inauguration of Jefferson was both “horseless” and “walkless,” so far as newspaper reports or public rec- ords are concerned. - The reporters must bave been taking a day off, judging by the meagerness of accounts of Jeffer- son’s second accession to the presidency. James Madison indulged in no serious scruples about “democratic simplicity.” Neither did the citizens of that time. The crowd at the inauguration was so iarge that more than 10,000 people were unable to enter the Capitol. They came from all sections of the country. The dawn of the day was announced by a federal salute from the navy yard and Fort Warburton, and at an early hour the volunteer corps of the militia began to assemble, The Senate convened at 11 o'clock in the chamber of the House of Repre- sentatives. The senators, according to ! previous arrangement, were placed next to the chair; the late President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, on the : right of the chair; the foreign ministers and other public’ officials were seated according to a prepared order of the Senate. President Jefferson reached the Cavitol at 12 o'clock. President-elect Madison left his house, now 1518 H street northwest, occupied by the Cosmos Club, under an escort of volunteer cavalry. The procession reached the Capitol at 12 o'clock and the President-elect en- tered the hall of the House attended by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Navy and the Attor- Thev were introdnred by a committee of the Senate. The clothes worn by Mr. Madison were of cloth of American manufacture, made of the wool of merinoes raised in this country, the suit having been pre- sented to him by Col. Humphreys and Chancellor Livingston. * ok ok % V HEN quiet was restored Mr. Mil- ledge, the PresiGent pro tempore of the Senate, left the presiding of- ficer's chair and conducted Mr. Madi- son to it, seating himself on the right. Mr. Madison then arose and delivered his inaugural address. At the conclusion of the address affection of the citizens. The procession was formed, with Col. Morgan Lewis as chief marshal. A band of music. the mayor of New York city, the French and Spanish ambassadors and the state offici: were mentioned as prominent in the were not quite as elaborate or spec- tacular as on the previous occasion. President Washington was conveyed to the hall in a splendid coach drawn by six white horses. Two men bearing white wands preceded the President and opened a way from the coach to parade. Washington, in a blue coat, {the entrance of the hall of the Sen- buff waistcoat and buff breeches, was |ate. The members of the Senate and the central figure in the short but|House present rose on his entrance Capitol on the hurricane deck of alihe oath of office was administered to gentle old hérse. This version is con- [him by Chief Justice Marshall. While tradicted in various ways. A news-|ihe President was retiring from the paper of that period says: “On this|pall two rounds of minute guns were day President-elect Jefferson was es- | freq ' On leaving the Capitol nine corted from his lodgings to the Capi- | companies of volunteer militia of the tol by a body of militia and a pro- | piserict. in foll uniform. were drawn cession of citizens. S up in line and passed in review be- A biographer writes: “Mr. Jeffer-lfore him, after which he entered his son was anxious that the ceremonies|carriage and was escorted home in the general as far north as Baltimore. Outside at Franklin House, where Washing- ton had established another of his headquarters. Later the general dined with Gov. Clinton. The streets were all brightly illuminated and @-owded with people, but the rain was falling heavily. April 30, 1789, was to witness the crowning scene in the great dramp of the new world's history, the inaugtira- tion of the first President of the re- public. From early dawn crowds of people poured into New York, al- though for two weeks previous the city had been apparently filled to its utmost limit, and every tavern and boarding-house was crowded to over- flowing. The ceremonies of the day were opened by a discharge of artil- lery at Fort George. At 9 o'clock the 1 4 < a ! l imposing line of march, which ended, and remained standing while he passed through the hall to the chair of the presiding officer, which he oc- cupid. ‘Washington was dressed in a full suit of rich, black velvet, the short clothes ornamented with diamond knee-buckles. He wore black silk stockings and his shoes, which were brightly japanned, were surmounted with large, square silver buckles. In his hand he carried a plain cocked hat, decorated with the American cockade. His hair, powdered, was gathered into a black silk bag, on which was a bow of black ribbon. He wore a light dress sword with green shagreen scabbard and a richly orna- mented hilt. The doors of the Senate were thrown open to the public and a large number were admitted. Among those present “GEORGE WASHINGTON’S INAUGURAL PARADE STARTED FOURTEEN DA . of his inauguration be as few and simple as practicable; that he was not permitted by his’ friends to go| unattended to the Senate chamber to | take the oath of office; that he walked | in company with several friends from his lodgings to the Capitol unat- tended by any escort and returned ims the same. way Another - biographer claiming to have been an eye-witness, declares: “His dress was of plain cloth, and he rode on horseback to the Capitol without a single guard or even a servant at his side, dismounted with- out assistance and hitched the bridle of his horse to the palisades.” At any rate, the distinguished gen- tleman reached the Capitol. Presi- dent Adams and _former ~Speaker Sedgwick of the House did not at- tend the inauguration, which was held in the Senate chamber. A writer YS BEFORE THE INAUGURATION. HIS TOACH the same way he came. In the evening there was a grand inaugural ball at Long’s Hotel, at which the late President Jefferson and Presi- dent Madison and foreign ministers were present. At the second inauguration President Madison was escorted to the Capitol by the volunteer cavalry of the District of Columbia, and was received on his ap- proach to the grounds by the volun- teer infantry of Washington, George- town and Alexandria. He was received in the House of Representatives where, in the presence of the members of the | two houses of Congress, the judges of the Supreme Court, the forelgn minis- ters and spectators, he delivered his inaugural address, and at its conclusion Chief Justice Marshall again admin- istered to him the oath of office. In the evening there was an assem- John Quincy Adams was elected | President ‘of the United States by | the House of Representatives. A bail jin honor of the occasion was given jin the evening at the Assembly j Rooms, later known as Kernan's The- jater, and was attended by the Presi- dent and Vice President. * ok % % | WHILE Andrew Jackson was betng inangurated his predecessor, | John Quincy. Adams, climbed aboard | nis ola df#idle horse and took a long ride up the river. It seems the gen- eral and John Q. not get along any too well together. This coolness even extended to the friends of Mr. Adams, wbo. likewise, peevishly de- clined to participate in the festivl ties. The only uniformed miltary company ‘in the District refused to escort Jackson to the Capitol. A company composed of old revolution- ary officers and soldiers came to the rescue. Jackson rode alone in a car- riage to the Capitol. This was the first inauguration which took place at the portico of the Capitol. After the shouting had ceased Jackson re- moved his hat, took a manuscript of his address from his pocket and read it with great dignity. When he had concluded Chief Justice Marshall ad- ministered the oath of office, the President, bowing his head, touching the sacred~book with his lips. Ni tional salutes were fired by artillery stationed in the grounds near the Capitol and repeated at the forts and by detachments of artillery on the plains below. The crowd surged toward the platform, and had it not been for @ chip's cable, which had been stretched across 'the portico steps, they would have captured thein beloved leader. As it was, he shoo hands with hundreds of his telioo® countrymen and was with some diffi. ::x']d[yl’e::;r!? back to his carriage en: 2 av. e w,hnemuouu':y vania avenue to n reaching the White He | crowd, which had gathered to seo ::: pay their respects to President Jaclk- son. became a disorderly mob. In the White House the glass and chinaware were broken and the damask satin coverings of the chairs were sofled Wwith mud by the crowd standing upon them to catch a glimpse of the new President. Late that afternoon the President, with Vice President Cal- houn and- & party of Mis personal friends, sat down to diner in the the central ‘dish a sirloin steak from a prize oxb:g::: by John Markle of Franklin Market, New York. No inaugural ball was held. Jackson’s second inasguration was a quiet affair. There was no proces- sion or military escort. Many promi- nent Washingtonians, however, were present at the House of Representa- tives to witness the ceremony. The ioath was administered by Chief Jus- | tice Marshall. This was the last time, after more than a quarter of a cen- tury of service. that the venerable figure of the Chief Justice was to be seen administering the presidential oath. The inaugural ball was held at the Central Masonic Hall, between 3d and 43; streets, on the north side of Pennsylvania avenue. Martin Van Buren was the first President. who had not been born a British subject. Up to that time all Presidents had been born under Brit- ish rule. Van Buren was a genuine optimist on the subject of Washington weath- er. One'of his interesting and char- {acteristic remarks is recorded. touch- ‘White House, | -« HAD TO GO ALL THE WAY FROM MOUNT VERNON TO NEW YORK” | | he gently turned it down, saying fie preferred to ride his white charger. Although the weather was cool, he re- fused to wear an overcoat and rode with his hat in his hand. The civic procession was made up of Tippe- canoe political clubs from Maryland and Virginia, many of which had mounted on wheels “log cabins decked with suitable inscriptions, cider barrels, coon skins, etc. power loom on wheels, from a factory at Laurel, Md, with operatives at ‘work, Wi one of the features. In ‘hono: between S5th_and _6th streets, danced with Mrs. Gales, wife of the editor of the National Intelligencer. A heavy rain, unpaved streets and rominent of all these was the Inde- nnenx;em Blues of Baltimore. The Em- the military, banner, which was surmounted with this club had with them a brass can- in front of the Coleman Hotel and also at the Capitol. The chief mar- shal had issued orders that no car- riages should enter the Capitol grounds. Those attending in carriages were forced to alight at a side gate and walk through the rain to the Senate door, resulting in the ruination of many uniforms and gowns. Two inaugural balls were held in the even- ing. Unlimited noise characterized the inaugurations of Zachary Taylor. bet. ter known as “Old Rough and Ready. His personal escort consisted of 100 prominent Washington men on horse- back. Gen. Taylor doffed his favorite old army uniform and appeared in plain ‘black He rode in an open carriage drawn by four gray horses. There were twelve volunteer companies in the proccssion. First came the rough |and ‘ready clubs of Washington and Georgetown, D, C., and Alexandria. ‘The volunteers from Baltimore brought with them four bands of music, while immediately in their rear marched a body of the “Baltimore Defenders,” being a portion of the |survivors of those patriotic soldiers who took part in the defense of that city in _1814. The students of George- town College, members of the Phil- - I A a & in honor of William Henry Harrison. | “DURING THE LINCOLN INAUGURATION, RIFLEMEN WERE STATIONED ON THE ROOFS AND AT THE WINIIDWS ALONG PENNSYLVANIA AVENUR> of the evening President e e ata short visits to each of | Trouble of an unhappy nature was the ',_h_r'ee lpl“‘um balls held in his|not unexpected. ‘While at the ball at the 85~ 45,0505 quring the inaugural cere- sembly rooms. on Louisiana 3\‘&!\:2 e, oodles of mud dampened the ardor gf those participating in the inaugura- tion of James K. Polk. There were eleven volunteer military companies in the parade; eight belonged to the District of Columbii, one to Balti- more, one to Savage factory and one | to Fairfax county. Va. but the most pire Club of New York city followed carrying a large silk the cap of liberty and had on it por- traits of Washington, Jefferson Jack- son and Van Buren. The members of {non, which they fired several times more attended all of them A raw wind and ankle-deep slush were the most talked of features of the Pi e inauguration. First in the procession marched & company of United States flying artillery from Fort McHenry, with four pieces. They were succeeded by the Alexandria Ar- tillery, a_ company of Uhited States Marines, from the navy yard, preced- ed by the Marine Band. Then, in or- der marched sixteen military organ- izations. followed by the barouche, in which the President sat uncovered. at- tended by the marshal of the District and his aids, a number of young gen- tlemen serving as deputy United ates marshals. The rear formation con ted of the Columbia fire com- panies of Washington, the Dodsworth Band of New York, the Manhattan Fire Company of New York, with en- gine, and local and visiting civic and political associations. James Buchanan, the first bachelor elected President, was entertanied at | the home of W. W. Corcoran prior to | his inauguration. No hall being large enough for the accommodation of all who desired to attend the inaugural ball, a temporary building, an annex {to the City Hell, was erected for that purpose. The interior was decorated with flas of all nations and the ceiling covered with white cloth. stud- ded with golden stars that twinkled as they moved in unison With the |measures of the dancers. President Buchanan, accompanied by his niece. Miss Harrlet Lane, entered the hall |at about 11 o'clock, and was received by Maj. McGruder. Thé President and ,8uite sat down to suppcr at about midnight. The dancing continued un- til morning. H * x x ¥ LL Washington was in a state of excitement on the day Abraham |Lincoln was inaugurated. No one {knew just what might happen. To guard against monies riflemen in squads had been placed upon the roofs of certain com- manding houses along Pennsylvania avenue, with orders to watch the win- dows on opposite sides; and to fire at any one making an attempt to fire upon the presidential party. A small force of United States regular cavalry guarded the street crossings of the avenue and a battalion of District Itroops was placed near the steps of the Capitol.” On the brow of the hill near the north- entrance to the Capi- tol was stationed a light battery of fiying artillery, and near this Ge: | Scott remained a careful observer | all that passed during the entire cere- mony. & The scene at Lincoln’s inauguration was unusual. The work of placing the dome on the Capitol was then in progress. On every side were der- ricks and steel cables. In the midst of the assembled multitude stood the great bronze statue of the Goddess of Liberty, not yet lifted to the pedestal which she now occupies. An inaugural ball was given in the evening in_a temporary building in Judiciary Square. _ President Lincoin did not attend. President and Mrs. ! Lincoln, however, attended the inau- | gural ball give in their honor on the | occasion of the second inauguration. This ball was held in the model room { of the patent office. 1,00 the aay of his second inaugura- tion Mr. Lincoln went to the Capitol at an early hour to attend to official duties, which kept him until noon, and consequently the procession was obliged to move without him. The procession ushering Ulysses 8. Grant into the presidency was the largest and most spectacular held in Washington up to that time. As much as $50 was paid for a single window overlooking_the line of march, and in those days $50 was looked upon as a young fortune. In the evening a grand ball was given in honor of the occasion in the north wing of the Treasury Department. Presi- dent Grant, Vice President Colfax, ac- companied by their wives, were present. Among other distinguished persons who were present were Horace Greeley, Gen. Grant's staff, accompanied by ladies, Admiral Farragut, United States Treas- urer _Spinner, Gen. Meigs, Senator Chandler and lady, Alexander R. Shep- ard and lady, and many others. At President Grant's second inaugura- tion the sergeanr-at-arms of the Senate, opened the Bible and handed it to Chief Justice Chase, who. with great !dlgnlu— and solemnity, held it to the lips of the President, and upon these verses from the 11th Chapter of Isaiah (2nd and 3rd verses), he reverently pressed his lips: “And the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him: the spirit of | wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord. “And shall make him of quick under- standing in the fear of the Lord; and he shall judge after the sight of his yes. neither reprove after: the hearing of his ears.” * The inaugural ball committee over- looked the important item of providing heat in the temporary building in which the inaugural ball was held, nt- ly the women were compelled to wear their coats, and men their overcoats and hats, The supper, which had been pre- pared at great expense, waa a cold re- past. Champagne and pnuch were shiv- eringly forsaken for hot ceffee. Twenty mas the price of tickets. Not a ‘was remaining when the hour ef midnight struck. o