Evening Star Newspaper, July 9, 1898, Page 23

y THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1898-24 PAGES, 6 SS eee : ‘A TINY PRINCIPALITY Prince Liechtenstein Rules Over a Very Small Domain. BETWEEN SWITZERLAND AND AUSTRIA gece About the Size of the District of Columbia. JUST LIKE A COMIC OPERA From the Londen Mail. If 2ll the British estates of the Duke of Butherland could be coilected.tegether and arranged in the mcst compact form they would make a square block of territory, each sde of which would measure about ferty-six miles. This {s a tract a great deal bigger than the Duchy of Rrunswick or the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and is real- ly, so far as size is concerned, a princely, inherit Yet its owier does not figure in the “Almanach de Gotha,” either among ‘the European sovereigns, or among those princely or ducal yerserages whose fam- ilies are cfficially held to be as good as those of the vazious rulers. ; the Duke of Sutherland figures only im Pari Hf of Herr Justus Perthes’ won- derful annual. Yet in Part I of the “Al- warac cheek by jowl with her majesiy the queen, the czar and the Emperor Wil- liara Il, is to be found his Sovereign Trans- Jchana Maria Franz Placidus, ag prince of Liechtenstein, and duke of Trappau and Jagerndorf. An Austrian emperor might, without the s'‘ghtest loss of dignity, marry a sister of this inde- nt potentate, Prince John II; but for » marry a sist2r of a Duke of Suther- would be practically impossible. ranks among the sovereign principalities of the earth; the Sutherland on the other hand, receive no on at the hands of the compiiers tr Justus Perthes’ “Diplomatico-Sta- Year-Book,” and that makes all land Liechtenstein the difference in the world, and brands the duke as, comparatively speaking, a no- . and the prince as one of the first- wigs of Europe—and this in spite of the fact that the territories in virtue of which the prince holds his rank have only about one-thirty-fifth of the extent of the Possessions of the duke. A Cunning Little Place. principality of Lichtenstein, which h of mountain and Rhine detritus me shape as England, were 1 measure about eight miles t is, the circumambulation of it makes an easy enough day's walk for man. On the south and west, its which are marked in the zegula- nental manner by posts painced onal colors—red and blus—r-arch erland; on the east, On the If th the princ ch, being sp , can be crossed wi therefore, w which inte acile, seems to have been des- tired by fate to he Lichtensteia’s special friend. and, if necessary, her protecior; for, on east, the mo’ s are high and the passes are few and diffi More- e Liechtensteiners ere, by descent, an, and are to their things go a imsiead of beir Helvetic opera fon, Liech- the Border Line. ates from i and was her present connection | s from 18 when she astoms and postal union menarchy. Under this ar- “apes from the necessity her Au uintain ficials. own staff tria upr machin and pockets goods entering Liechtenstein: bays the prinicipality a nest 1,009 florins, Gotha” , OF ppens t upon entering L ya have to explain away th ur portmanteou to an Austrian, is a Austr much sith face . indeed, you uite a formidable scale. arcely Know What the wich you; for in Liechtenstein there is of Liechten- but er on case I rian r land of a Liechtensteiner commits a seri- —and he seidoms so far forgets © principality has to hire prison modation for him in the neighboring town of Feldkirch; so it is pos- Aust sible that if you smuggle too extravagant- jy you aiso will go to Feidkireh. Why the prince remains in postal aitiance with his Austrian brother I cannot for the life of me imagine. If, instead of letting his sub- jects Austrian stamps, he issued stamps of his own he would assuredly draw from the philatelists a considerable addition to his income. Without an Army. Lie. stein is, as I have hinted, a lit- tle Gilbertian in the matter of her alli- ances, her customs, her prisons and her postal arrangements, but She is very much more unconventional and topsy-turvy in other directions. In 1868, when war broke out between Austria and Prussia, Liech stein gallantly joined the former power, and, mobilizing her little army of sixty- 5 under Capt. Rheinberger, dis- toward the scene of hostilities. d marched as far as Arlberg when ached it of the disastrous battle of eratz; whereupon the captain and realizing that they were for the fair, marched peaceful Two years later Liechtenstein ed her army, and ‘orever releaged her subjects from lability to military serv- ice, and then she recollected—for surely ld not have recollected it earlier— ukhough sh taken up arms @gainst Prussia, she had omitted to make ace with that power. Prussia had prob- ably deemed her opponent too insignificant to be worth making a treaty with; Liech- teasteln had forgotten to insist upon the conclusion of the war in the orthodox man- ner. From this {t results that ever since June, 1866, Liechtenstein has been, so far @3 international law {s concerned, in A state of uninterrupted hostilities, in spite of the fact that, during thirty of the thirty-two years that have since elapsed, she has been absclutely without a goldier. Konig, his merry men, too late back again. a Such a record as this is, I believe, unprece- dented history. Yet the good customs bene! on the Liechtenstein side of the L: zienst Pass makes no more difficulty about admitting Prussians than he makes @bout admitting Englishmen or Turk: A Non-Resident Sovereign. Another point in which Liechtenstein dif- fers form other countries is the habitual absenteeism of her sovereign. The me- tropolis is Vaduz, where the landtag, or parllament, meets; but Prince John JI lives and bas his court in Vienna, and, it is said, has not been inside his principality more than once since 1866; though local gossip has it that, in addition, he has twice been within sight of its borders while traveling on the Swiss railway between Sargans and Feldkirch. There is no doubt that for some reason he avoids his country. On the other hai ie cannot be charged with neglecting it. - pretty Gothic church in Vaduz was built by him at a reputed cost of £15,000. He also built the much smaller church at the village of Schaan; founded the excel- lent girls’ school at Balzers, and the mid- die-class school at Vaduz; and for years has contriduted handsomely to the most ressing and expensive of the national pub- fe works—the embankment of the Rhine. pon the whole, he probably spends more im the country than he makes out of it. Fortunately, he fs a rich man; and as is a bachelor, with scientific tastes and a hatred for display, he has money to spare. Brill, it seems a pity that he does not mere often visit Liechtenstein. His portrait is in early every Liechtensteiner’s house; no prince is more popular among his subjects, and Vaduz would go half mad with delight at seeing him once more. Vadur is but a village of about 1,150 in- habitar-s. Its only public buildings pos- sesssin’’ any architectural pretensions are the ch. rch aforesaid and the Landesver- weserei. or administrative offices. At the verwescrer are the bureaux of the princely administrator, who looks after the roads, the markets and the general welfare, and who is, I believe, president of the landtag; and those of the secretary of state, the chief justice (I think he is the only magis- trate in the land), the director of forests, the government engineer and the director of finance. These gentlemen constitute the ministry; but Prince John has with him at Vienna a princely chancery, or privy coun- cil, which serves, not only as a court of ap- peal in criminal’ as well as in civil cases, but also as a kind of upper house. System of Government, The electorate corisis:s, so far as I can ascertain, of the male population of twen- ty-four years of age and upward; and the landtag is composed of fifteen members, of whom three are nominated by his transpar- ency. The house meets when the weather is too bad for the members to prosecute their ordinary work in the fields and vine- yerds, or on the Rhine embankments; and, as a rule, it experiences much difficulty in firding business whereon to employ itself; for regular parties are unknown, and there is such remarkable unanimity ‘of upinion that the weightiest affairs demand but lit- tie time for settlement. On those few oc- czsions, however, when the members can- not quickly agree, and when the adminis- trator cannot reconclie them, each sends a deputation to the prince and his council at Vienna, and the prince's decision puts an end to the dispute. Outside of Vaduz, and overlooking it is the partly ruined castle of Hohen-Liech- tenstein, in the grounds of which is grown an excellent wine. Some of the building is exceedingly ancient—perhaps even Roman in origin—but most of it was entirely re- built in the sixteenth century.~It used to be the seat of the prince, but it is now in- habited by a farmer. There are elsewhere the remains of other casties, notably at Guttenberg, near. Balzers, for in the old days Liechtenstein saw plenty of very hard fighting, and even as late as 1799 the Aus- trians, under Hotze, fought the French, under Masona, on the now strongly forti- fied Luzienstieg. ———_+e+_____. TWO FAMOUS HOBSONS. The Original of “Hobson's Choice” Was a Noted Character. From the New York Mail and Express. All over the country the papers have been ringing the changes on “Hobson's choice, springing, of course, from contortion acts to find some jocose connection between that venerable adage and the dashing deed of Lieutenant Richmond Pearson Hobson of Alsbama in sinkirg the Merrimac and bot- tling Cervera’s feet in Santiago. Both tiie Hobsons are immortal now. The first famous Hobson, of blessed adage memory, was a noted character of the uni- versity town of Cambridge, England, this antique Tobias Hobson, and flourished in the reign of King James L He ran a coach line to and from Lendon, and, in addition is said to have been the £ the livery stable business. kept forty horses for hire, but, being gift- ed with humane instincts that would re him today to the presidency of the S. P. A., Uncie Hobson made it a rule that all horses should be jet in turn. There was no “playing favorites” in his barn. Each new customer had to take the horse that stood nearest the stable door. “That or none” was the old man’s ultimatum. Now, a3 Tobias had a stable monopoly, this limited range of preference passed into the adage of “Hobson's choice,” and has been doing steady duty in the world of maxims these 35) years. Tobias, rest his bones, died in 1630 at the commendable age of eighty-six, and was honorably buried in the chancel of St. Benet Church. As to our modern heroic Hobson, let it be hoped his name and fame will have an equally lorg run in history. It certainly will while the Anglo-Suxon race lives to embaim deeds of conspicuous daring in war. There is no parallel whatever to be drawn between Hobson the First and Hob- son the Second, because of the elements of bravery and patriotic sacrifice that enter into the Meutenant’s record. It was “that or nothing” in his brave Judgment, to fix the dons; but the poor, bottied dons hadn't even the choice granted to the Venerable customers of Tobias. oe BALLOONS IN WAR. © A Novel Battle in Cloudland Nearly Thirty Years Ago. Frem the Baltimore Sun. The announcement that the balloon is destined to play a role in the present war with Spain recalls the aeronautic experi- ments made by the French during the great war in 1870 and IS71. As early as 1792 bal- loons were used for military signalling In France. But, in our times, during the si of Paris by the German troops frequent attempts were made by the Frenchmen 4o communicate with those inside the beleag- ured city, and to dispatch men and matter from the capital by means of balloons. In Faris itseif, under the direction ot Post- muster Ramport, a balloon post and trans- port service was established ior carrying persons and governmental as well as pri- vate mail matter from the besieged cap- ital. Among the pubiic men leaving th city in this way M. Gambetta will ever be membered. Homing pigeons were also t by this route to carry news back io aris. A total of sixty-six balioons, ac- cording to Tissandiers’ “En Ballon Pendant le Siege de Paris,” left the besieged city, and 168 persons, 10,14 kilograms of postal matter, including 3,000,000 letters, 368 hom- ers, five dogs and two boxes of dynamite, were dispatched by the aerial route. Of the balloons, fifty-two descended in France, five in Belgium, four in Holland, two in Germany and one in Norway. Only five of them were captured by the Germans and two were never heard of, haying been lost in the ocean. Of all the voyages of that time, however, none could compare for exciting ‘and peri ous incidents with that of the well-known aeronaut, M. Nadar, who left Tours for Paris with important government. dis- patches at 6 o'clock one fine December morning. At 11 he was in view of the cap- ital on the Seine. While floating about 3,000 meters above Fort Charenton, Nadar sud- denly observed a second balloon on the horizon. Thinking it to be one leaving Paris, the French aeronaut at once displayed the tricolor of his country, and the other bal- loon resoonded by exhibiting the same flay. Gradual.y the two balloons approached one another, being drawn in the same direction by the same current of air. When they were separated by only @ short distance several explosions were heard. The stranger had commenced to fire shots at Nadar’s balloon—the “Intrepide’—which began to descend rapidly. The French flag had by this time been replaced in the other balloon by the Prusstan colors. The Parisians, who Were watching the affair from the forts be- low, and who now realized the true charac- ter and object of the last arrival, cried out that their plucky compatriot was lost. But they were mistaken. ‘ Nadar had scrambled from the car up the network of his airship after the first shot from the enemy to stop a hole made in the tissue. Presently he descended +o the car as the balloon righted itself, and, throwing out a quantity of ballast, caused {t to rise higher and higher. Then seizing his rifle, he fired shots with rapid succes. sion into the Prussian, which suddenly split and sunk to the earth. On reaching the ground a detachment of Uhlans, who had been watching the combat from the plain, picked up the German aeronauts and ode off to the Prussian outposts. Nadar then alighted in safety within the girdle of the Paris forts, meeting with an enthus!- astic ovation for his victo: balloon duel. ny Shor he ney Fam From the St. Louls Globe-Democrat. “The famous oak tree under which WIl- liam Penn, the great Quaker, made his treaty with the Indians over two centuries ago, was literally ruined by the relic-hunt- ers and vandals,” said J. F. McBride of Philadelphia, who was attending the pat- tern makers’ convention at the Lindell. “AM that remains of the treaty oak now is a scarred stump a@ few feet high, and it ix inclosed in a strong fron picket fence to keep the vandals away. This stump is lo- cated in Penn Park. Relic hunters for years chipped off the bark of the tree, and even cut into the trunk and away Pieces of the wood, and even whole limbs were carried away. Finally, the brave oak could not withstand these ignoble attacks, and it died. At last the authorities came to their senses, when it was too late, and ordered. a strong fence put around the stump of the tree.” FOUNDED BY - FYGMALION Oadiz is a Most Interesting Relio of Antiquity. Considered the Key to Spain—Her Adventurous Sons—Battles in Her Harbor. From Collier's Weekly. The President's rumored intention of carrying the war into Spain is inspirating. It presents the triple advantage of being practical, popular and pitturesque. One dces not ne2d co be a prophet to assume that unless thera is a general smash-up in the meantime it would also be productive of peace. Cadiz once captured, war would cease precisely as it did after the French expedition n 1823. in that instance the siege lasted three months. Previousiy the city had been ineffectively blockaded for a period which exceeded two years. In the lest century agsin and again it was un- successfully attacked. Cadiz is a strong- "hold. Founded by Pyemalion, King cf Tyr, its arms still represent lions strangled by Hercules. Under the latter’s care and pro- tection the city was placed. But Cadiz ix not merely a strenghold; it is a very beau- tiful place. It is farovs, too. It is there that as simple quaestor Caesar wept. At the time it -vas renowned for the sheen of its purple, for wine smoother than Faler- nian, for honey more aromatic than that of Hymettus and for girls that had the orient in their eyes and lips that said “Drink me.” But Cadiz—or rather, to be exact, Gaddiz—had other charms. Known as the Ship of Stone, its sons were im- memorial explorers. The presentment of a land across the sea was hereditary. They were in love with the sunset. They sailed as near {tas they could, returned for more provisions und sailed again, nearer and even nearer this way. It will be one of the curiosities of history should our guns bom- bard that port, should Hercules and Samp- son meet. . In Cadiz the presentment mentioned of a Jand across the sea stalked the streets. To antiquity the idea was a dream. ‘To pre- bistoric Europe it was a tradition, to primeval humanity a fact. The disappear- ance of a world coincided with the advent of man. At that time Spain and the United States were one. Geolcgists have shown that In the nebulous days that extend be- hind the beginning of time a continent was ergulfed. Catalogued in mythography as Atlantis, it connected this country with the Ibernian peninsula. Of it the Azores, Ma- deira and the Canaries remain. Every- thing being possible, it may be that there were these yho stood about and beheld the cenvulsion in which it disappeared. It must have startled them. Hven in the post- pliocene epoch a spectacle such as that could not have been an ordinary event. The circumstance, already — suffictently quaint, becomes marvelous not merely through the endurance of a memory 50 archaic, but through scientific demonstra- tion of its truth. Concerning the lost At- lantis Plato told. The country which stretched beyond it, Theopompus described. According-to Plato, information on the sub- ject was gathered by Solon when rummag- ing in Memphian crypts. In connection with which it may be noted that if the inserip- tions on the walls of Uxmal are not of Egyptian origin then Egyptian civilization originated in Yucatan. But that is a detail. Solon's story was to the effect that over against the Pillars of Hercuies in anterior days a continent greater than Asia extend- ed to’ another remoter still. It was the other one—this country—which Theopom- pus described. According to him, there were here immense cities watered by two great streams, the River of Pleasure and the River of Pain. He added that the gar- ments of the inhabitants were the down of feathers and that they lived on the scent of the rose. Theopompus may have been right, yet in that case how customs have changed. But no matter about that. In the recitals of these historians is the ac- count of the first rupture we had with Spain. Cadiz has been considered the key to Spain. It Js one of three cities which Charles V recommended Philip to keep an eye on. Once upon a time the latter pre- pared a fleet there. Its destination was England. its object was to punish Eliza- beth for her wicked refusal to marry. ut the lady was highiy str ategic. She knew a trick worth two of that. Raleigh, E: other iittle dears, gentlemen adventurers and choice persons were sent in advan argue. They took with them over pikemen, more than 6,000 cannoniers, @ hundred and fifty |. On Essex was en- joined the duty of not exposing himself to danger. For the rest there were common prayers twice daily and a general inhibi- tion against swearing, brawling and dice- ing, likewise against picking and stealing. When the fleet reached Cadiz the harbar found fully furnished with men-of- war, galleys, galleons, merchantmen and caracks. Then the historic fight was pulled off. There was the punching of the Balieys, the hulling of the men-of-war, the scurry ing, the scuttling, the attack by land and Sea, the storming of the citadels, a fall which followed, a sack which ensued and the reduction of Cadiz to a heap of cinders on a wreck-strewn shore. Many choice per- sons were knighted on the spot. Others Were allowed to ransom their prisoners for all they were worth. Those were the good old da. But not for Philip. His part of the entertainment cost him :21,000,000 ducats and a great deal of his desire to punish the contumacious queen. If Cadiz Is to be be- sieged again, there are tactics which the war board may profitably consider, — soo ORIGIN OF DECORATION DAY, Many Claimants for the Houor of In- augurating the Custom, Vrom the St. Louls Globe Democrat, The custom of placing flowers on the graves of soldiers is of very great antiquity, One ancient writer mentions the fact that on the birthday of Alexander the Great certain Greeks in Alexandria were accus- tomed to visit his mausoleum and place flowers on the threshold. The custom of Planting flowers on graves iy of an an- tiquity almost as great, and has been prac- ticed in.all parts of Europe for many cen- tures. The practice being once estublished, a local application of it in particular cases was easy and natural. During the civil war in this country the women of both north and south instituted a custom of Bo- ing regularly on a certain day, generally about the Ist of May, to the semeteries with bouquets for the’ graves of the sol- diers who had been killed in battle. The intense devotion of the southern women to the lost cause led them to continue this practice after the war had been ended, and littie by little it became universal in’ this country. In 1869 Gen. John A. Logan, then commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, announced May 30 as the day on which the graves of soldiers should be decorated. There is, however, @ contro- versy about the fact of the custom origi- nating in a particular locality, some claim- ing that It sprung up spontaneously in al- most every section of the country at once, practice of planting flowers on graves, and, considering the universality of the there is no reason to belteve that the cus- tom, as claimed by some, originated in or was peculiar to the south, even during the early days of the war. ——_+e+—____ Why We Get Tired. From Appleton’s Popular Science Mcnthly. it is the general impression among ath- letes that exhaustion and “loss of wind” are dua to the inability to consume suffi- | cient oxygen and exhale rapidly enough carbonic diuxide. When the muscle is mov- ing rapidly and forcibly it ts true that it demands more oxygen and gives off to the blood more carbon dioxtde than when at rest. Wheh a man is running as fast as ho can mak: bis limbs move he fs able lo keep ‘up the pace but for a short distance, unless, like the hunted hare, he runs to his death. On account of the forced, vigorous and rapid muscular action in this case, the pot- scnous materials are thrown Into the blood, to be carried to all parts of ths body—mus. cles, nerves, brain. The heart is affected by this poison through the nerve cells control- ling that organ; the muscles of respiration ere similarly disturbed. The panting, dis- tressed efforts of breathing, sidelong tum- bithg, anhelation and final semi-conscious- ness of the hunted stag or hare are a good example of acute auto-intoxication ending in coat ‘This latter Sores ee is not unknewn among annals of hu- man strife for athletic ho ev2n with our present advanced knowledge of physi- RANDOM VERSE. Repose, - . From the Nebraska State Journal. Better for me a mcdest plot ‘Of cultivated soil; A forty-acre prairie lot, ‘Where I can sweat ana toll, ‘Than in the field of politics ‘To take an active part, ss And practice all the schemes and tricks: ‘That sanctify art. No, let me bave a rural roost Beside a rippling creek, Where I can give the weeds a boost And hear Dame Natvre speak; Where, high above the waving corn, ‘On stately bongbs of pine, ‘The cherry birds at early morn Can wake this heart of mine; ‘Where solemn notes of fife and drum May be forever missed, And politicians seldom come ‘To wring my hotest fist; ‘There let me measure. by the peck, Potatoes from the “patch” And milk the spotted cow called Speck ‘And watch the chickens hatch. While others do a.deal of harm With honors. dearly won, us T'll ve in peace upon the far And toil trom sun to sun. aa ‘To lay aside for future need (AS some are not ton prone), When I’m too erfppled-up to feed ‘The black boar pig I own. He gains, by far, the most In life Who keeps the most alone, Away from party feud and strife, “Unhonored and unknown;** ‘Who lives a life serene and true, nostentatious, wise, And counts upon a favored few ‘To “*blubber’’ when he dies. ——__+e-+____. Birth of the Rose, Rose Maynard David in the San Francisco News- Letter. 2 A perfect thonght went hovering in the alr Seeking expression visible and found : A chaste “young shoot of green from. virgin grou! All budded; and he gladly entered there. He filled her soul with beauty; and at morn © Drew warmth of love from the bright sun—God’s ray, ‘che uew from night, the secrets from the clay— ‘She sighed—the petals burst—a Rose was born! —— A Lay of a Laugh, Frem the Pall Mall Gazeite. Here I am, perched at my open casement, Bnjeying tho laugh of some unseen miss ‘That comes rippling up from some room in the baseme it Just beiow this Morning, noon and might I can hear her Babbling awsy with her chatter and chaff, And It seems as if all creation near ber Was just a-taugh. Picture her! Isn't her face Just made for it-- Crinkled and curved for the laughing fit? Couid she be solemn, d’ye think, if pafd for it? Divil a bit! I can fancy the dimples her checks imprinting, And see the mouth corners upward run. I can catch her eyes with the frolic gitnting, Brimful of fun. She must be Such a laug! Humorous, te Probably pli etty to laugh so prettily— dn’t belong to a framp; ‘0 see things wittily— mp. , She's off again. Peal upon peal of it, Ciear us a clerillon, soft as a bell, Why, it’s inf: I'm catching the feel of it! Chuckling as What! Was T dreaming? That musical melody ‘Trips up the scale, arpeggio, So like a voice that’ was -hysbed—ah, welladay— ‘Long, long ago. Heigh bo! To think of What little straws tickle ust : Just a girl's Jaugh—and my laughing one lies Sfient, aad I—well, now, ‘this is ridiculous— Teats in uty eyes. —————————— God Hetp ‘the Boy. God help the boy who never seas ‘Tho butterfes, the birds, the bees, Nor hears the mhale of the When zephy:s soft are blowing. not in sweet comfort lie re clover blooms are thick and high, nd hear the gently murmur nigh Of brooklets softly flowing. And jod help the boy who does not know: all the woodjand berries grow, ever sees thé forests glow When leaves are’ red and yellow. Whose childish fee: can never stray. For such a hapless boy I say When nature does her charins display— God help the lide fellow. NIXON WATERMAN, ee Heart of Beauty. Fiong. Mecleod in, the Spéctator. © where are thy wLite bands, Heart o’ Beauty? Heert o' Beauty ‘They are as white foam dn the swept sands, Heart 0 Beant; the dusk, They are as white swans i’ hauds, Wild swans in flight over shadowy lands, Heart o” Beauty! thy white © lift aguin thy white hands, Heart o’ Beauty, Heart o° Beauty! Harp to the white waves on the yellow sands, Heart o° “Beauty! rken now to those waving wands, ic wands of thy white hands, Heart o’ Beauty! They will he To the ma From the white dawn till the gray dusk, Heart o” Beaut: I hear the unssen waves of unseen strands, Ueart o’ Beauty? sce the sun rise end set over shadowy lands, But never never, never, thy white hands, thy white Heart 0” Beauty! a Omens. As, ere the storm a silence fills the world, No blade is turned, no banner is unfurled, In covscious leaf or wood: So, all the morning, hushed and tranced with fear, I seemed to see a messenger draw near, Whose errend was rot good. I turned, and, io, beside the open door, ‘fhe friend I dectned beset with perils ’sore, Close by me, smiling, stood. I know not why—T sald that eummer night— The heart in me should be so wondrous ilght, So calm each passing breath. Assurance kind greets me in every star; ‘The all-gathering breeze, that hasteneth ‘from afar, How glad u thing it swith! ‘That was tho night my friend beyond the seas, Beneath his tent, under the olive trees, ‘Turned his blue eyes on devth. —EDITH M. THOMAS. a Song. When I am dead, my dearest, Sing no sad songs for me; Plant thou no roses at my head, Nor shady cypress tree: Be the greea gregs above me With showers end dewdrops wets And if thou wilt, remember, And if thou vit, forget. T shall not see the shadows, I shall not feel ‘the rain; I shall not hear the nightingale ae on, ws if in pain: And dreaming through the twilight ‘That doth not rise por set, Hany i ae, xopemter And haply may forget. —OHRISTINA ROSSETTI. Keep, A-Goln’! a b Xt yon strike a thorn, or rose, Keep a-goin't If it balls, or if {t snows, Keep-a- "t ‘Taint no use to. sitian’ whine When the fish ain't on your linet Balt your hootlian’ Beep a-tryin'— Keopie-gala" ‘When the weather kills your crop, Keewau-goln’ ! When you tumble-tmm the top, Keep Jaigofn'! S*pose you're out vo'levery dime, Gittin’ ‘broke abn’t any crime: Tell the world’ you're feelin’ fne— bead ae When it looks ks ll is up, Keep*h2goin’! Drain the sweet the cap, Ke yin! Bee the wild bi a wi Hoar the bells that sweetly ring, Won 700 feat eae sing— i NK L. STANTON. My Lady’s Garden, From London Sketch. Bisaged whit bos aa ee, White Re lilies tall aut ee. fairl Blue To be her eet ets ‘Which of ail shait'cisim to win the prise? Rose, nay, bow your head! os bright, ‘bogom-knot; yearning to her eyes} BREAD THE WORLD OVER Materials From Which the Staff of Life is Sometimes Mad Comparatively Little Has Good Wheat Flour in It—Bark, Roots and Iceland Moss, From the Sanitary Record. It is a curious and interesting study to compare the various materials which serve the different nations of the world as the basis of their bread. In this country, where good bread, made from spring and fail wheat flour, is within the reach of all, rarely a thought is given to the fact that, after all, the Inhabitants of only a small portion of the earth's surface enjoy such a food. In the remoter parts of Sweden the peor people make and bake their rye bread twice a year, and store the loaves away, so that eventually they are as hard as bricks. Further north still bread is made from barley and oats. In Lapland, oats, with the inner bark of the pine, are used. ‘The two together, well ground and mixed, are made into large flat cakes, cooked in a pan over the fire. In dreary Kamchatka, pine or birch bark by itself, well macer- ated, pounded and baked, frequently con- stitutes the whole of the native bread food, The Icelander scrapes the “Iceland moss” off the rocks and grinds it into fine flour, which serves both for bread and puddings. In some parts of Siberia, China and other eastern countries, a fairly palatable bread is made from buckwheat. In parts of Italy chestnuts are cooked, ground into meal and used for making bread. Durra, a variety of the millet, is much used in the countries of India, Egypt, Arabia, and Asia Minor for making bread. Rice bread is the staple food of the Chinese, Japanese, and a large portion of the inhabitants of India. In Persia the bread is made from rice flour and milk; it is called ““Lawash.” The Per- stan oven is built in the ground about the size of a barrel. The sides are smooth ma- son work. The fire is built at the bottom and kept burning until the wall or sides of the oven are thoroughly heated. Enough dough to form a sheet about one foot wide and about two feet long is thrown on the bench, and rolled until about as thin as sole leather, then it is taken up and tossed and rolled from one arm to the other and flung on a board and slapped on the side of the oven. It takes only a few moments to bake, and when baked, it is spread out to cool. This bread is cheap (one cent a sheet); it is sweet and nourishing. A specimen of the “hunger bread” from Armenia is mate of clover seed, flax, or linseed meal, mixed with edible grass. In the Molucca Islands the starchy pith of the sago palm furnishes a white floury meal. is Is made into flat, oblong loaves, which are baked in curious litue evens, each oven being divided into oblong cells to receive the loaves. Bread is also made ef roots in some parts of Africa, and South America. It is made from manioc tubers. These roots are a deadly poison if eaten in the raw state, but make a good food if properly prepared. To prepare it for bread, the roots are soaked for several days in water, thus washing out the poison; the fibres are picked out, dried, and ground into flour. This 1s mixed with milk, if ob- tainable, if not water is used. The dough is formed into little round loaves, and baked ir hot ashes or dried in the sun. —— HOW MICA IS OBTAINED. The Process is Described as the Poetry of Mining. From Godey’s Magazine. The mica trade 1s controled practically by three or four large concerns in New York, Chicago and Boston. These hous?s have an agent who buys for cash whatever mica is brought by the miners. They con- trol the market and fix the prices to be paid to the miner, as well as the prices for which it is sold in the markats. Mica, it need hardiy be said, is a very valuable, almost precious, mineral, as those Who are obliged to buy a small strip for their stove doors will testify. A package worth hundrads of dollars can be carried in a basket slung over th> arm, or in a pair of saddiebags on horseback. When pre- pared for the market the solid block, as taken from the mine, is split into sheets. These are cut into squares or rectangles of | aimost every possible size, from 2x2 inches up to 8x10 inches, and sometimes even larger. There are no less than 183 regular sizes kept in stock by dealers. The mining ef mica is the poetry of min- ing. It is impossible to conceive of a more exciting and fascinating employment. The vein of mica-bearing quart, lying between rocks of different formation, has been found. The cap rock has been blasted away. Little “nigger-heads’—small lumps of crumbling mica mixed with slate and other rock—are growing plentiful. The rock is carefully examined by th3 experienced miner, and all indications are that mica | will soon be found. A blast is made. The rock and debris are cleared away, and there in the bottom is a block of the precious stuff, a ragged corner showing itself black and glittering in the white quartz in which tt is imbedded. With the tips of the fingers the miner gently and affectionately brushes away the dirt and small stones which partly covers it. Its thickness is carefully noced, its position in the:rock is learnedly discuss2d, and many a_specula- tion indulged In as to its size and quality. The hole is quickly drilled, the small blast is made, just loosening the rock, and all eagerly crowd around as one of the men with his pick pulls away the broken stone. hers it les, a black, glittering mass, nine or ten inches across its face, three or four itches thick, and irregular in shape, as ail blocks of mica are. A good-sized’ block, and, if solid and of a perfect cleavage, will be worth several dollars. The excit2ment is not allayed, however, and will not be until the block is split open and we know how it looks on the inside. It is a very bad thing to split open a block at the mine, and contrary to all rules, for thera is dan- ger that the fine, polished faces will be Scratched. LOUISIANA’S LEPER HOME. Medical Treatment Mitigates Never Cures the Disea: From the New Orleans Picayune. One of the most intzresting public institu- tions in Louisiana is the State Leper Home. This institution, with its grounds and Luildings, occupies about two hundred acres of Indian Camp Plantaticn, Parish of Iber- ville, about two miles south of White Cas- tle, on the opposite side of the river. The nearest residence on the same side of the river is one and a half miles away. Within this tract of two hundred acres is an inner inclosure of about fifteen acres, surrounded by high fences, within which are the seven cottages occupied by the lepers, an el2vated p#vilion or lookout for their amusement and a splendid group of old oak trees. Across a dividing fence, in the direction of the main plantation building, is a long, raised cottage, sp2cially constructed for the lepers’ dining hall, kitchen and other offices. The institution is under the direct man- agement of a medical officer and.a corps of Sisters of Charity, and under the general control of a state board of seven. The Sis- ters of Charity reside on the premises in quarters detached from those of the patients, but they never leave the piace. The ordinary service of the institution is performed by those of the inmates who are -abie to do so. Employment is a recreation to them. The patients are of both s3xes, and upon some the disease is in its early stages. while in others its ravages are fully displayed. The medical report describ3s one of the inmates thus: “No. 15 is a fine and, generally speaking, healthy looking girl of twenty summers. If it were not for the deformity of har fingers no one would ever know she had anything like leprosy. Her general bealth is of the best, and she Icoks in the face as fair as any one could wish to see.” No on? is allowed inside the inner leper inclosure except the sisters, the doctor, the members of the board and authorized visit- tister superior. “All money Mandiea by th sister . All money e lzpera is soaked in bichioride of mercury solution a with roar are disinfectan' fore being pald direct dealings with lepers, nor, ‘go within the lep>rs’ inclosure a Since the hb thas been established at * but been admitted thirtv-pys patients, of which twenty-one Were males and fourteen fe- males. There have been six deaths. Al! the lepers who come voluntarily to the home are guaranteed that their real names will never be divulged nor their family con- nections exposed. There ere l=gal means to enforce the sending of lepers to the home, but not a few are concealed by their friznds. ‘The medical treatment mitigates the disease, but no lepers are ever cured. ———_+e+-___- SPANISH VIEW OF OUR NAVY. Castilian Expert Writes of United States Warships as Mere Tubs. From the Chicago Chronicle. It seems almost incredible that the Span- iards should really consider their fleet now in the Caribbean sea superior to anything we can send against it, yet such seems to be the case. If they believe the compari- sons of the two navies made by their news- papers they are logically correct in their conclusion. These articles, written by Spanish naval experts, appeal strongly to a credulous peo- ple and represent our warships as abso- lutely valueless, while their own are simply marvels. A. de Canta, the most popular naval writer in Spain, makes a recent com- parison in La Iustracion Nacional of Mad- rid that is quite sufficient to inspire his countrymen with confidence. He admits that the United States hav the iarger fleet, but shows that it is practi- cally valueless. “It is manned by the dregs of an almost worthless population—crim- inals and released convicts. For the most Part these are foreigners without the slightest patriotism. The crews, being ani- mated by motives of cupidity alone, are destitute of that pride and enthusiasm that control Spaniards.” For these reasons, Mr. Canta conciudes: “The result is, therefore, that if our navy is inferior to the American navy in quantity it is greatly superior in quality, since our sailors, In addition to their transcendent bravery, which is uni- versally acknowledged, possess discipline, enthusiasm and confidence, which the Yankees are far from having.” Having demonstrated the utter worthless character of the sallors who man our ships, the rival of Weyler and Munchausen in the art of lying goes on to compare the ships of the two navies, describing that of Spain as mad> up of ships faultless in construction, armored and armed to suit the queen re- gent’s taste, marvels of speed, veritable things of beauty. Words almost fail him when he makes a sanguinary attack upon our ships. He de- clares that the battle ships Indiana, Oregon and Massachusetts, which he calls “cruisers of the first class,” cannot go to sea with anythirg like full coal bunkers. If they should the “waves would wash over them.” They ars only suitable for coast guards. The recent sailing record of the Oregon somewhat discredits this criticism. He says the battle ships California and Pennsylvania are under construction, which will be news to Americans. He declares the Texas to be woefully deficient. “Her ma- chinery is bad—beyond repairing—her tor- pedo tubes are useless. She is a bad lot.” The only American ship of which he speaks kindly is the Brooklyn. He says she is fast and “can, therefore, refuse to fight at wili,”” a point which the Spaniards in the Caribbean appear to appreciate. se TAUGHT TO BUILD NESTS. One Feature of the ucation of Young Birds. From the Philadelphia Inquirer. It is a common error to believe that with birds the @nowledge of building their nests is innate. It is a trade that 1s taught to every bird by its parents and in just as systematic a manner as men are trained to be builders. Birds are born with the instinct to carry little twigs and the ma- als of which nests are made, but unless they are instructed in the art of building they will just drop them in a pile and ney- er attempt to weave them into nests. It is after the young birds have learned to fly that the older ones regularly te: them tie process of interweaving and lin- ing that is ne ary to construct nests. This is most complicated and a trade } culiarly their own; it cannot be imtta even by men. To arrange the little twigs so that they will be symmetrical and strong enough to hold the weight of the mother bird and four or five little one: to u branch of a tree requires good e gineering ability. The lining of the ne ia usually cf'a much softer material tha’ that of which the outside is made, and to place this neatly is also taught’ by the older bird HWzmming birds will often follow cows for days to pick up their soft hair with which to line their nests and they weave it as compactly as a f flannel. Birds that have alw can never make nes’ clums, and are even with cotton, wool and 1 that has been given to them. That nest building is taught is also true mater! of those that squirrels and mice build, as well as bees, wasps and ants. The grecr. ant of Australia is very clever in the bufiding of its nest. consider it ap irksome duty t hired out. A small spider trained to do this work and 4 ant in all things. The green the spiders for their labors in a coin they enjoy. It is by giving them to e a portion of the innumerable little eggs that they, the ants, This is a most agreeable arrangement for all, man in- cluded, as otherwise the green ants would rival the rabbits in overrunning Australia. —— COST OF ELEPHANTS, Much Used in the Sinmese Malay States as Beasts of Burden. From the Geographical Journal. It is scmewhat interesting to compare the weights carried by elephants in the tin-producing districts of the Malay pe- ninsula with those used in the long jour- neys and mountainous country of the Lao states. In the peninsula the distances are seldom more than at most three or four days’ march, and the elephant is expect to carry as much as 9) or 1,000 pounds, besides his mahout and howda. The lat- ter is often a mere brace of panniers, slung together so es to rest one on each side of the backbone, and coyered some- times with a light barrel roof of bark. A gcod tusker which will carry 950 pounds will fetch about £56, and a female which can bear 800 pounds is worth about £45. In the Lao states, where journcys of ien deys or three weeks are frequent, the average weight hardly exceeds 3) pounds, or one-third of what is usual in the penin- sula. The prices in various parts of the country vary considerably, When we were on the Me Kawng and in Muang Nan in 1898, a good tusker could be had for £32 and a female for {24; at Chieng Mai, where good teak-hauling elephants are in great demand, a tusker may fetch £150, and a female anything from £50 to £100, accord- ing to her strength and ability. In the Siamese Malay states there ere probably about 1,000 domesticated ele- phants, all told, and in the Lao country probably over 2,500 animals are working at the present moment. That these ani- mals breed in captivity in Siam is due to the fact that a large number of them spend the greater part of their time holi- day making in tke jungle. When there is no work for his beast, the mahout takes him out to a nice, cool, green bit of for- est and leaves him there to enjoy himself. There is no expense connected with hi upkeep, for he looks after himself. He has a hobble of rattan round his feet to dissuade him from wandering too far, and wooden bell round his neck, by the tone of which the mshout or his litte boy can always find him, when they go out once a month to look him up and give him some bananas. ———_+-e-+-—__ ‘When You Meet in Japan. From the Brooklyn Citizen. Nothing is more amusing than to watch two acquaintances saluting in the streets of a Japanese town. As they come in sight of each other, they slacken their pace, and approach with downcast eyes and averted faces, as if neither was worthy of beholding the other; then they bow low, so as to bring the face on a level with the knees, on which the palms of the hands are pressed. rs to at can be is therefore Sas a serv- nts It_appe . 23 ee DOUGHTY DRINKERS Men of Old England Were Good at Their Cups. actin Eales, SOME OF THEIR FAVORITE TIPPLES Concoctions of Which Famous Characters Were Fond. es SACK AND MERRY-GO-DOWN ———_+____ From the Chicago Times-Herala, While Americans are proye to sneer at the paucity of wit that characterizes the drink mixers of other lands, the sad con- fession must be made that their pre-emi- nence in this Ine of art results more from the exercise of the imitative faculty tham from inherent originality. And it is yet more humilfating to confess that we borrowed the practice from England, the country of all others which now despises anything but straight or diluted Scotch or Irish, with an occasional lapse to a “B. and 8.” in the upper circles, and “shandy- gaff” in the plebeian pubs. Any one who gives thought to the history of drinking, however, can understand why the English were pioneers In the art of ornamental tip- pling. Even before the Roman invasion they were “potent in potting.” Their bev- erages at that time, it is true, were crude and ofttimes harsh, but they made the most of their opportunities; and as the island was overrun by the various brands of invaders mead and metheglin gave way to all-conquering wines and powerful ales. In other words, as the population blended with succeeding races, drinks and drinking also became mixed, till in Shakespeare's time the country was in a perpetual mud- die and fuddle, and an average English- man was able “to drink with facility your | Dane dead drunk” and put the bibulous German and the under the table be filled.” swag-bellied Hollander “ere the next bottle could Antedated Cocktatts. Cocktails were unknown in these glort- ous days, and there is no authentic record of smashes, fizzes or even high balls: but there were many other beverages with good mouth-filling names. The swaggerers had a favorite tipple called “huffcap.” It was an extra strong ale, which made its devotees “huffy,” prone to bully and some. times fight. Women, who went to the tay- ern as boidiy, if not quite so openly, as the men, drank “merry-go-down,” which was compounded of Spanish wi with accessions of sugar, a sprinkling of nutmeg and a pinch 7 ginger. The poorer class of religious men took kindiy to “lamb's wool,” which was made of hot ale, pulp of roasted apples, grated nutmeg and ginger, with raw su) for sweeten ts and prelates had a sj wines appropriately known as They were, of course, vintages in the market chroniclers of the times merchant was afraid to serve this class of customers with anything but the best, lest his soul should go straight to the devil. intly Drink. Another saintly drink was “bishop,” which subsequently met the poetic appro- bation of Dean Swift, who wrote: the for, as one of the finest rks, the wine 2 Fine orange Well roasted, with sugar and He: 4 wine in a cup, They'll make a sweet bishop which gentlefulks eup, The old poets were fond of celebrating their drink in verse. Of s whese glor- fous operations were graphically described by its high prie poet wrote: . Falstaff, an Slizabethian Sacke will make the merrie olan be aad, 9 will It make the n If mirihe and ss But to return to fanc J which is by no means exhausted. One wonde-ful decoction was made by boiling a number of bitter and s i, and adding a quantity of the infusion to hot ale. This mixture, which was sweet or sour, soporific or exhilarating, acc ing to the ck of the brewer in gathering his herbs, was known as “bitier sweet.” Falstaff, 1t will be remembered, could not stomach ap- ple-johns, which were sometimes roasted and dropped into hot-spic le. Crabs were preferred for this purpose. Ale treated was a favorite indulgence Christmas time. Reference is made 10 i in the winter song In Love's Labor's Los} Whea roasted erabs Li Then Wassail Bow). It formed the ingredient of the famous wassail bowl, as well as of bowl, of which Puck says: And sometimes Inrk J In a govsli Tn very likeness of a roasted crab, And when she drinks aguinst ber lips T bob, And on ber wither'd dewlap pour the ale, Other popular drinks were maddog an@ dragon's milk. Their main constituent was ale of different degrees of age and strength, flavored with ginger and similar hot stuff. Maddog was the stronger of the two. It was popular among gentlemen of Ancient Pistols stamp, who usually wanted something to grip their throats and the gos we 's bowl, put fire into their eyes. Topers owe @ great deal to this same maddog. He it was that introduced the custom, popular in other lands beside England, of easing the effects of overindulgence by taking hair of the dog that bit you.”” A Perfect Wine. The fastidious Briton of the olden times was also mighty hard to please as to the qualities of wine. We find record of his ety in this regard as far back as the twelfth century. An old manuseript in the British Museum tells us what wine was most prized: “It should be clear like the tears of a penitent, so that a man may see distinctly to the bottom of his glass; its color should represent the greenness of a buffalo's horn; when érunk it should di scend impetuously like thunder; sweet tasted, like an almond; creeping, like a squirrel; leaping, like a roebuck; strong, like the building of a Cistercian monastery; glittering, like a spark of fire; subtie, lke the logic of the schools of Paris; delicate as fine silk, and colder than crystal.” It the Englishman of that day was able te procure this celestial liquor he was more fortunate than recent topers and tipplers have been in the triune kingdom. All mod- ern travelers can testify that no such wine is to be had now, either in “dear eld Lon- don” or elsewhere on the island. Further- more, the fancy beverages of the Eliza- bethan period have disappeared and left not a rack behind, unless we dignify such y-washy stuff as claret punch, which holds the place ef honor {n most ‘metro- politan bar rooms, and port negus, which still Hngers in the sick room, by calling them weak-kneed descendants of the sturdy, uncompromising beverages of old. ated The Ship of the Desert. From Pearson’ x The pack camel travels very slowly, and until you are sufficiently reconciled to the motion to be abl> to doze on its back, you are constantly tempted to get off and walk. If you want speed, you must buy a racing camel. This seems to belong to a different creation. It is much teller, more alert and more intelligent. It can accomplish 150 miles in sixteen hours without undue ef- fort, and, in the matter of price, compares with the pack came] as the thoroughbred does with the cab horse. The racing cami is very carefully bred, and valuable prizes are offered by a racing society at Biskra for the fleetest racer. 1 have seen the start of a race, and it re- minded me, in a far-off sort of way, of Newmarket. T .e camels were all arranged ir. line, and they sniffed the air in their was waved and they set off at a terribl: pace, as if they distance. they were al- seemed to set- pace, and the race proceeded with iong intervals between the finish of a camel ‘and it reminded me of the first mo- pw ip rg hee ont ‘wes necessary to watch them