Evening Star Newspaper, July 9, 1898, Page 10

10 THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1898-24 PAGES. Mcknew’s DAILY LETTER. 933 Pa. Ave. A “grand” line of men’s negliges at $1 and *1.50. ellest and smartest patterns in tan and other famous makes of ‘= Neglige Shirts, at $1, $1.50 ever in Washington—jest the thing for date young men, y and save 75e. to es asked by the ex- 2 ie at $2 and $2.50. lines of Balbriggan Under- wn elsewhere do not begin to at S0c. Made of combed Exyptia and silk fintshed. Just as a drive we sball offer Monday French Balbriggan Un- $1 chisi Finest Negliges ma 5 over the pri men’s furnt: our reg derwea A. TicKnew, 933 Pa.Ave. Ww sod 9 5 @ < @ 0 e} ie LMM LMM LLM MMM ANS a motto-=- “The best possible for the least possible.” And we stick close to it, too. It’s simply out of the question for us to be under- sold for anything like the values we give. Instead of objecting to your looking around—we are glad to have you do so. The closer the comparison the more con- spicuously the better service of this store looms up. The way trade sticks to us is proof positive of satisfaction. All the time—you'll find us stocked and ready to meet our demands for Furniture, Carpets and Draperies—the staples of our business. Our busy season begins 3 January first—and continues = until December thirty-first. ¢ Never meager assortments = z here. nee < And the specialties—as 4 3 they are required— al b mea ineratore (Wsccostal Peete? 4 Ka Babs Carri nitees’s) =| = sand doors). es = for porch and lawn). z Just now we've a Carpet sale on hand. Wonderiully g good values—at remarkably $ low prices—much lower than 3 we shall be able to quote a z % couple of months later— = $ 47c. for 65c. grade. ¢ > 69c. for $1 grade. ¢ = 3 83c. for $1.25 Velvets. ‘old now—but held for delivery until you want them. Hoeke, Furniture, Carpets, Draperies, Pa. Ave. and 8th Street. z eparation of the Drug by whi S$ are removed, while the valuable medicinal Properties are retained. It possesses all the seda- Anodyne and anti-spasmodic powers of Opium, Produces uo sickness of the stomach, no vomit- ; Bo costiveness, no headache. In acute nervous disorders ft is an tnvaluable remedy, and is recom- metded by the best physicians. E. FERRETT, Agent, 372 Pearl St., New York. myl+-w&s-ly Pens in Velvet-lined Boxes, Hand-painted Drinking Glaszes, Bon Bon Dishes, Olive Dishes. Hundreds of attractive novel- ties in Leather for gifts. Everything for Travelers. TOPHAM’S DOUBLE STORE, 1231-1233 Pa. Avenue. ¥ it FACTORY, 1218-1220 E ST. KE ASAE AE AE AEA EAA LER A, HE Candies by ; Express or Mail Require ve-y careful packing. We house using handscme metal boxes mae. No ext me use or ¥ & § & = wv & * Souvenirs ® % of % ° ¥ Washington. & % Delegates to the Educational % Convention will take home to z i their faffilies some souvenir of y F4 the national capital and its en- % 3 Virons. 2 % We have an immense line of ¥ z these beautiful gifts, and at-® 3y Most popular prices. 2 & What 25c. Buys. 5 2 Shell Purses, & Shell Paper Weights, 5 Pd Shell Napkin Rings, & & Water Melon Black Bables, > Hampshire China Pin Trays, & Pocket Mire Pj School Compantons, & aged Callecs, y ¥ Water Melon Nigge-s in Shells, & Cups and Saucers, k e & RR are the only for this pur ebarge. If you are buying for pack in your trunk, and wish the metal boxes, don't hesitate to ask for them. ‘Three assortments, 25, 40 and @) cents, enn 921 F st.and Gill's, 33 pe and Gi's Sugared Ginger, In metal boxes, 25c. 359-61 cee The Robinson Oils, “they lubricate more and outlast other dlls." Wm. C. Robinson & Son, aplist BALTIMORE, Md. DIVERSE EFFECTS Influence of Topography and Climate on National Development. PROF. JACQUES W. REDWAY'S ADDRESS Frof. W. J. McGee of Washington Discusses Geospheres. THE GENERAL DEBATE The meeting of the National Educational Association at the Grand Opera House this morning at 9:15 o'clock was well attended. A rumber of distirguished educators were on the stage and in the audience, and scholarly addresses were delivered. W. W. Stetson, vice president of the association for Main>, presided. The exercises were opened with prayer by Rev. J. G. Butler, pastor of the Luther Place Memorial Church. A delegation of Ohio teachers J. C. McNeill, ‘Treasurer. sang “Hurrah for the Schools of Ohio.” The first address of the morning was by Prof. Jacques W. Redway of Mount Ver- non, N. ¥., who spoke for thirty minutes on ‘Influence of Topography and Climate on the Historical Development of the Inited States.” “Man,” said Pref. Redway, “is superior te his environment, but the environment modifies the man.” Prof. Redway proceeded to show the de- velopment of the political and industrial organizations of the world and illustrated how, when inventions and discoveries change the conditions of the world, there is made necessary a readjustment of po- litical lines and industrial enterprises. He showed how topographic conditions caused a barrier to be constructed between the northern and southern siates, the factories of the north demanding a protective tariff, which was a hardship to the south, where the sole industry was the raising of cot- ton. That was a greater cause of the fric- tion than the institution of slavery. On both sides of Mason and Dixon's line man was inferior to his environments. The civil war shattered these barriers and made a readjustment possible. Now factories are rising in the south as the result of the development of coal and iron industries there and the cotton mills are running in the midst of the cotton fields, their natural location. The readjust- ment brought about a united country, in which there are no barriers to unity. Prof. McGee Discusses Geospheres. The second address of the morning was made by Prof. W. J. McGee, vice president of the National Geographic Society of this city. He spoke on the “Geosph2res.” Prof. McGee gave a scholarly discourse upon the constitution of the earth. He carri his audience through highly interesting specu- lations upon the changes that would tak> place on the earth's surface in the event of a great increase or decrease of its tem- perature. In the event of the increase of temperature the waters would cease to ex- ist as such and would take on a gaseous form, whereas if the temperature w2re low- ered several hundred degrecs the air would rest upon the earth as a liquid, covering everything except the highest mountains. This latter condition resulting from a low temperature, he said, could not have been foretold except for very recent discoveries regarding the liqu2faction of air under high pressure and low tem) The possi- bilities of this discov means for bringing air into a liquid condition, he said, wers fraught with greater possibilities for future development than did electricity When it was brought under control. But so far as any demonstration has been made, Prof. McGee said there is no evidence to show that there is any change in the tem- perature of the earth and its atmosphere going on. Speaking of the place occupied by the people of the United States in relation to other peoples of the world, Professor Mc- Gee said the people of this country are above every other nation in intelligence and in all those elements that tend toward pro- gress. This superiority, he said, was mere- ly the result of natural conditions. General Discussion Follows. Cornet solos were then given by J. W. Myers, whose music called forth general applause from the audience. Subsequently the time was taken up in a discugsion of the two papers that had been read, there being several such speeches of ten minutes each. The first paper was dis- cussed by George T. Murphy, assistant superintendent of schools at St. Louis, Mo. The progress and high clvilization that have developed in America, he safd, has been the result of natural conditions of the earth and a salubrious climate. Valleys, he said, were known as the realms of des- pots, while the mountains are the homes of freedom. But in America the strength Of the country 1s its diversity. Of all the countries of the earth, no one {s so well fitted to be the home of one people. As our. boundaries are extended, we will, he said, ckange with changed conditions, but will remain a united people. Prof. Wm. Stryker, state superintendent of public instruction of Topeka, Kan., com- mented on Prof. McGee's paper. Prof. Wm. Stryker gave a number of simple {llus- trations to show the weight of the earth, the force of its movement and the full ex- ertion upon it in its heavenly course by the sun. The old idea, he said, was that the center of the earth was a liquid, but now it was generally accepted that it’ was a solid of intense density. He did not be- lieve in any theory that the machinery of the universe was “running down,” as had been held by some, though changes are going on as rapidly now as had ever been the case. David W. Hoyt, principal of the Eng- lish High School of Providence, R. I., was introduced. Mr. Hoyt looks so much like Dr. Harris of the bureau of education that since his sojourn in this city the two have been constantly mistaken for each other. Mr. Hoyt spoke in a scholarly way upon the papers that had been read. He dwelt upon the desirability of utilizing the geographi- cal principles brought out by the papers that had been read in the teaching of geog- raphy to children. He pointed out that settlements of a new country go along nat- ural lines. The settlers go along the lines of the rivers. Following this plan the val- leys of the rivers were settled first. Importance of Spanish Language. An interesting discussion regarding the importance of the Spanish larguage as a part of the educational system of the coun- try was precipitated by Mr. Lucky, super- intendent of the schools of Pittsburg, Pe., who offered a preamble and resolution to the effect ines “ the commercial interests of the United States with her sister repub- lics on this continent are rapidly increasing in importance, and as present ocourrences indicate that our trade will soon need fou-" tering in the Islands of the east, and as the people of all these republics speak the Spanish tongue; therefore, the attention of the educational authorities throughout the United States is hereby called to the im- portance of adding the Spanish language to the course of study in all the advanced schools of the nation.” After some discussion the resolution was referred to the committee on resolutions. At this stage of the proceedings Dr. Mary Walxer mide her appearance on the stage and preceeded to read a resolution, in which a whereas stated something about the attraction of gravity pulling toward the center of the earth, and a resolution declared that in order to prevent the at- traction of gravity from pulling women's skirts down, greatly to the injury of health, members of the gentler sex should wear pants. Dr. Walker spoke on her resolution just five minutes, which was all the time she could secure under the rules, after which there was tremendous applause, though no action on the resolution was taken. At 11:45 a.m, an adjournment was taken until 12 o'clock. BUSINESS EDUCATION. Secretary Gage of the Treasury Dis- cusses the Theme. Not even an address by the Secretary of the Treasury was a drawing card at the first session of the business section held in the Acalemy of Music yesterday after- noon, for when President Springer of the University of Michigan rapped for order there were but few present. President Springer excused the non-attenders by say- ing the teachers were no doubt appreciat- ing the educational advantages offered by the points of interest in and about the city. In his annual address President Springer discoursed st some length upon the ne- cessity for and benefits derived from a business education. The chief purpose of any education, he said, should be to pre- pare: the student for intelllgent citizenship. e would not slight classical education, but it Is so difficult to convince the masses of the advantages of a college education that he believed a four years’ course of commercial learning in practical branches will ultimately supersade the present cur- riculum. The value of such 2n education to the individual and the community can- not be overestimated. The course should be eq ue to that now offered for profe: ining. The form of education should be different from that now offered by business colleges. It may not make a finished business man, but should inculcate principles, the knowl edge of which will give the possessor pow- er to grasp an important situation and ap- preciate his duties as a citlzen. President Springer favored the mingling of a few classical with commercial sub- jects, and advocated the same number cf recitation hours as now prevail in colleges. There should be no derogation in quaiity of appliances or qualifications of profess- ors. Mr. Springer expressed the hope that the work along this line now being done in the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania would be sufticient to war- rant its extension to every college and university in the country. Secretary Gage’s Address. Secretary Gage was introduced by Mr. R. C. Spencer of Milwaukee as “‘a type of the American man developed by the free institutions of the United States.” In any education, said Mr. Gage, there are three important parties concerned—the educator, the educated and the public. What reasonable expectations may we have of each? There is practically noth- ing in education from the financial point of view for the teacher or the school. For the teacher there is much anxiety, worry, lack of appreciation, and even evidence of in- gratitude. But this is not the only result of the teacher's patient labor. There is the Sweet assuring consciousness that one is working all the while to make the world wiser and better. This is the instructor's cheering reward. Considering business education especially the Secretary said that as a distinct branch of learning it had until recently received very scant notice. It has since been given its proper place and ranks now as one of the most usgful and important branches. Man is considered for what he is in him- self. Is he honest? Can he create and co- ordinate? Has he power to mold the forces of nature to the best advantage of himself and his fellow men? These determine the degree of his acceptability to American social life. The originators of business edu- cation had tremendous difficulties to over- come, but the roads they have opened will never be closed. Four Branches of Education. There are four branches of education, said Mr. Gage—manual training, relating to the training of the hand and eye; business, represented in our commercial schools and colleges, and dealing with trade and com- merce; scientific, teaching the laws of na- ture and their relations in physics and chemistry, and classical, giving instruction in history, art and literature. All these courses aid in the advancement of the mind and in the progress of man toward comprehending his own powers and his re- lation to his fellow-men. We should all be more or less familiar with the subject taught in each of these branches. It is bet- ter that many should be moderately edu- cated than a few superlatively, Passing to the direct consideration of the question, “The Reasonable Expe a Business Education,” Secr the public has a right to ex graduates of business schovls a thorough, theoreti Gage ect from the and colleg knowledge of ail the machinery by which real business lif is carried on. We have a right to expect that the young man or young woman will go from these schools with his or her moral conception of the truth increased and strengthened. We hav2 the rignt to ex- pect a better citizenship, a higher man- hood, a nobler moral character. But thore is one quality we cannot reasonably expect the schools to furnish. That is innate abil- ity. Institutions of learning can only go s0 far as to prepare the student to meet the requirements of the larger opportunities of hfe. With business education more general we may =xpect less waste in tne edmini: tration of public and private affairs. ‘The world’s work will be better done and indi- vidual life dignified and exalted by higher ideals, and purer ethics will tend more and more to reach that high plane, which we may well believe it to be the purpose of God that we all attain. Model Business Course. J. M. Mehan of Des Moines, Iowa, gave his views of a model business college cours2. He strongly advocated some deti- nite standard for the business college to up- hold and deprecated rivairy among public schools as one of the most detrimental features n educational administration. Prof. Emory Johnson of the University of Pennsylvania spoke of business education in the high school, advocating a more dis- tinct recognition of the business course. The high school curriculum at present, he said, does not appeal to boys with business ambitions as strongly as it should. In order that the high school may aitain that measure of d2velopment which will enable {t to fulfill the educational functions which it ought to exercise, it must include within its instruction those studies which are needed by the boys and girls who are enter- ing the business callings. LIP READING. Interesting Exhibit by Deaf Mutes at Franklin Building. An interesting meeting was held at the Franklin school building, K and 18th streets, this morning at 10 o’clock, at which time a class of deaf mute children, pupils of the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, gave a remarkable exhibition in Mp reading. Superintendent Jones of the Ohio institu- tion is with the children, also Mrs. Mansen, supervising teacher of speech, and Mi. Eliza O'Hara, Miss Virginia Leggett ana Miss Irene Baggs, teachers of the children. With the party, also, is Mrs. Gipson, wife of Mr. Gipson, a member of the board of trustees; Miss Gipson, Mrs. Jones and Miss Marjorie Jone: The children of the class are: Roscoe W. Lichtz of Wooster, Ohio, aged twelve years, second year at school; James Mc- Gratten, Youngstown, eleven years old, ee Lion * school; ae J. Newman, Ds 2 am , ten years old, second year at school; Francis 8. Rumsey, Vermillion, Erie county, ten years old, second year at school; Vira M. Hoskinson, Montpelier, ‘Williams county, ten years old, second year- at school, and Anna Lowery of Cincinnati. eee ees Educational Convention Reports, An interesting report of the proceedings of the National Educational Association convention will be published each day in The Evening Star. Copies from July 7 to 18, inclusive, will be mailed to any address in the United States on receipt of 10 cents at The Star office, corner lith and Pennsyl- vania avenue, EXHIBIT AT PARIS Plea for Educational Showing at Tnternatitnal Exposition. ADDRESS BY COMMISSIONER HARRIS Prof. Stetson’s ‘Views of the “Educational: Outlook.” SCOPE AND PURPOSES Teachers ar2 no more prompt than other people. The tardy marks against those at- tending the various ‘conventions in session in this city just now would condemn them to penance for a year. Not 100 people faced the speakere at the National Theater last night when Prof. E. Oram Lyte, vice presi- dent for Pennsylvania, called the house to crder. When the evening was half over, however, the th2ater was well filled with an interested audience. The first speaker of the evening was Dr. William T. Harris, commissioner of educa- tion, his subject being “Our Educational Exhibit at the International Exposition in Paris in 1900.” Dr. Harris is zarnestly and ardently laboring for an educational ex- hibit for the exposition which will eclipse anything of the kind ever attempted, and his paper was, of course, a strong argu- ment in favor of this. He recommends the appointment of a general committee to pro- mote the plan of the nation’s educaiv! His ideas were eminently pleasing to the audience. General Committee Wanted. ‘The appointment of a g2ncral commit- tee,” he said, “whose duty shall be to pro- mote in suitable ways the preparauon of an exhibit of education showing its condition and progress within the United Stat id committee to be formed in such a way represent all educational interesis and ad- mit of easy div! special work, such committee to cons ten state superintendents, ten city supe tendents, ten presidents of colleges or uni- versities, ten representatives of private or G2nominational schools, five librarians of bublic libraries and five representatives of public institutions for the education of spe- cial classes, including asylums for orphans the deaf and dumb, the blind and state re- form schools; said committee to be ap- pointed by the board of dirsccors of the Na- tional Educational Institution association, and to meet in November upo2 the call of the president of the association, is to my mind the best plan by which the educa- tional advantages of the United States may be 2xhibited to the world at the Paris ex- position. I strongly arge thai such a com- mittee be appointed and think that the re- sults of its lwbors would adequately dis play to the world the tremendous edu tional advantages of the United States and many times r2pay the labor necessary in the preparation of the exhibit.” At the close of the address of Dr. Harris the “Chicago Quartet” rendered ‘Comrades in Arms, "Neath One Banner,” in a man- ner which aroused the andience to the high- est pitch of enthusiasm. For an encore they gave a quaintly sweet lullaby, “‘Ken- tucky Babe.” Bristles’ With Points, The next address was delivered in polish- ed language and coneise sentences, every one of which was’ an epigram, by W. W. Stetson, state superintendent of the Maine public schools. The subject was “The Edu- cational Outlook,’ and it fairly bristled with points. “We are provisional and cosmopolitan, sectional and patriotic, individualistic and homogeneous,” said Superintendent Stet- son. “Our provincialism is apparent to any one who studies ‘petsons gathered in any great national assembly: From one section come those who are conscious of possessing the prestige of age and tested systems. They know the past, delight in its record, and give much time to reciting its stories. They place too high a valuation upon what we have and overestimate its usefulness in doing the work of toda Superintendent Stetson tion to the character of training that is given children. “Parents have been putting too much of their vitality into their work and dissipations,” he said, “and are endow- ing their offspring but sparingly with this gift. The control of the children in the home has been slight, fitful and unnatural, and hence the greater need of firm intelli- gence, which secures unhesitating obedi- ence in the schools and thus saves authori- ty from being defied. Thc desire for strik- ing apparel, the ambition to be before the public, and the anxiety to be entertained have become so strong in many young peo- ple that they have iost all sane ideas they may have had of what life is. The Common Schools. “There have been too many centers around which the’ work of the school has been grouped,” continued the speaker. “We have too long misconceived the scope and purpose of the common school. We are evidently close to 'a day when we are to sober off, recover our sanity and realize that children are injured by being rushed through things and rushed from one thing to another. We have also been making the mistake of thinking that the average child can profit by the intricacies of the Hegelian philosophy, and the transcendental mys- teries of the Herbertian pedagogy, during his grammar school course. “We are seeking for teachers,” continued Superintendent Stetson, “whose manners, tone, carriage and speech are in harmony with those found in our cultured homes. We no longer desire a tyrant or look for a czar, We read of an age when it was the work of the scholar to study books. We are enduring the horrors incident to a furor about the study of things. School room instruction, as well as conception of life, is beginning to have perspective. We are beginning to realize that we are not educated until we can appreciate instinct- ively, and hence unconsciously.” ave some atten- PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Great Interest Shown in This Import- ant Department. The large attendance at the Universalist Church yesterday afternoon plainly {llus- trated that in no other branch of modern education is there more interest taken than in that devoted to the physical improve- ment of the young. The president of the section, Dr. Clyde Ernst Ehinger, was born near Keokuk, Iowa, in 1858, and edu- cated in the public schools of Keokuk and at the lowa State University. He read medicine with his father, Dr. Geo. E. Ehinger of Keokuk, Iowa, and later grad- uated in medicine .at the Chicago Homeo- pathic College in 1880. After serving for a year and a half as resident physician at Cook County Hosypital:he began the prac- tice of his professign inyChicago. He aban- doned practice in 1888 td take up the work of physical training: Jn: 1800 he graduated from the ‘Anderson Normal School of Gymnastics” at Brooklyn, N. Y. Soon af- ter graduation he was called to take charge of the magnificent! new’ gymnasium at the West Chester State Normal School, and has continued at the head of the physical education department at this institution. He has made the physical depa-tment of this school one of the;foremost in the country. sail Dr. Ehinger is a, member and for three years served as treasurer of the ‘American Association for the Advancement of Phy- sical Education.” He is president of the (ES ES district” of that associa- ion. With such a leader the department is FS at the front in association af- rs. Dr, Henry Ling Taylor of New York took for his subject “Exercise and Vigor.” In the course of his scholarly address Dr. Tay- lor said: Commissioner W. T. Harris spoke upon the effect of exercise upon the vital crgans, ‘The normal human infant displays an al- Most constant spontaneous activity, which is necessary te its vigor and wth. In childhood, muscular activity is ex- hibited in play, whichis both tonic and ed- ucational; a large share of children’s play should take place out of doors and with other children. During the school while the play impulse should not te check- ed, more formal physical training during school hours should be added, and because -means growth of mind and systematic physical training forms an es- sential part of a solid educaticn, it should take its place in the curriculum on a par with the other studies. Competitive ath- letics, while useful to the community as @ stimulus, may prove harmful to individ- uals, especially during growth; their prin- cipal dangers may be much diminished by BY Dr. C. E. Ehinger, West Chester, Pa., Normal. discouraging a too narrow by substituting group contests for those of individuals. During maturity and decline the monotony of too specialized labor, the restraint of city life, and the ra of cialism and too keen a competition, characteristic of our age and country, may be miiigated by the pursuit of some interag: during leisure hcurs, which shall involve varied exercise out of doors, such as climbing or ramblirg with rod, gun, or camera, or the indulgence of a taste for scenery or for the study of roc] plnts, insects, or birds in their natural surroundings. Such activities, if habitually and rationally practic will ecnserve and harmonize the vital energies and give mental breadth and poise. THE KINDERGARTNERS. Interesting Addresses nt the Calvary Baptist Church, The opening of the kindergarten depart- ment took place at 3 o'clock at Calvary Baptist Church. The address of welcome was mode by Mr. Pickman Mann of this city, who cordially welcomed the strangers and spoke earnestly of the work accomplished by kindergartners and their value in the community. He said this systew of edu- cation was introduced into Washington in 1871, and in consequence of the interest arcused by Miss Elizabeth Peabody. Miss Hooper was the pioneer teacher, but her work was not continuously active. School authorities have been convinced of the need of kindergartens by the success of those which have been maintained by_pri- vate subscriptions. Congress has this year consamted to the request of the school board of the District of Columbia to establish kindergartens in the public school system. Mr. Mann attributed much of the success of kindergartens to the fact that many interested now had the advan- tages of its early training in their child- hood. To his address of welcome Miss McCul- loch of St. Louis responded. Miss McCul- loch is the president of the department, and in her address gave thanks to those in Washington who have striven to give every hospitality to the visitors on this occasion. Miss Elizabeth Harrison of Chicago not being present, her paper was read by her Miss Grace Fuller. “Our theme to- said Miss Fuller, “is ‘Kindergarten Ideas as Shown in the Mother Play Book,’ which was written late in Froebel’s life to show mothers and kindergarteners how to lead the young child easily into con- sciousness of truths that are sublime as a directive power and sit upon the throne of life, the truths of God, freedom and immortality. In speaking of this book Freebel said: ‘I have here laid down the fundamental ideas of my educational the- ory. Whoever has grasped the pivot ideas of this book understands at what I am aiming.’ I could quote from many authori- ties who speak with equal enthusiasm of the value of this book, and let us turn rather to the help which it gives to moth- ers and to Kindergartners in solving their practical problems in order to disabuse your minds of any unfair prejudices that may have arisen from a mistaken idea that it is the fine theory of a German philoso- pher or a poetic idealist, and so of no use to the average practical’ American. “It deals with incidents universal in the lives of most children, and shows the full significance of the seemingly insignificant manifestations of childhood. A glance through half a dozen of these plays and songs will prove this to be the case. A child is tossing his limbs about; a mother is playfully teaching her child to sit alone; a group of children is testing the power of the wind by flying kites or running against it with a paper windmill; the baby is peer- ing into his empty cup to see if all the bread and milk is gone. These and like simple instances are the tests from which Frvebel teaches to us some of the deepest and most profoundly spiritual sermons ever preached by prophet, priest or sage.” The vice president of the kindergarten department, Dr. Jennie B. Merrill of New ork city, spoke on the great efforts of the Kindergartners to bring nature into their work. The children play with sand, shells and pebbles; they design with seeds; they mount leaves.and flowers; make tiny forms and gardens im window boxes and in the sand; pet anunals are brought into the kindergarten. All winter the children treasure cocoons and are wild with joy when the real fairy story comes true in Mary C. McCulloch, President Kindergarten Department. the spring; they watch fishes, snails, tur- tles and pollywogs in the aquairium; yet the wise teacher is not satisfied, for she knows the best of nature cannot be brought indoors. Not only does she long to bring nature to the child, but tar more take the child to nature. It is sometimes “Yes,” we reply, “we want it not figura- tively, but literally.’ Miss Merrill spoke of the efforts made in our largest cities to have as many cut-of-town gardens as pos- sible. The purpose of her paper, she said, was simply to arouse an interest in child gardens, if possible. and to make each kin- dergartner dissatisfied until she is certain that an outside garden is an impossibility. Miss Merrill quoted reports from Philadel- hia, St. Louis, Chicago and Boston, giv- g accounts of outdoor children’s gardens. In St. Louis one enterprising kinder- ‘ner turned an old brick yard into a living flower garden, helped in her work by eighty little children. Philadelphia re- ports twenty gardens. = A letter from Baroness von Bulow, who last’ year traveied extensively in the United States, stated her surprise at the absence of gardens even in the small towns, where ground could be secured. In closing, Miss Merrill told a story of a little boy who said his kindergarten “wasn’t a garden at all,” and she urged each kindergartner to do her best during the coming year to remave this reproach. Ideai play of the kindergarten’ was ably treated by Miss Susie Pollock of Washing- ton. She pled for recognition of a child’ spontaneous activity, an activity which thoughts and pi ya 35 Mp in spimpathy with thet ONE MONTH FREE! A Proposition, Never Before Equaled in Its Lib- erality, Health and Benefit ington and Vicinity. Made by Doctor Cowden for the of the People of Wash- This offer is made with a view of demonstrating clearly and in a forcible monner the great » tage of taking treatment for all chronic diseases during the summer months. Regardless ofthe expense and labor Involved in carrying out such a project, no pains will be spared in giving each and every patient such at- tention as is recersary to & positive and perma- nent cure. It fs needless to state that this offer will be eagerly accepted by all thoughtful and economical people desiring the great benefits of a method of treatment that cures where all others fail. Time and again Doctor Cowden bas urged that two or three months’ treatment in summer will accom- Plish, in most cases, more than five or six in winter. All -ho have suffered feom Deafness, Catarrh, Asthma, Bronchitis, Lung Troubles and other chronic Ciseases know that during the sum- mer months Nature herself has given them some relief. The chances for taking fresh cold repeat edly are greatly Wscened and the natural vitality of the system, instcad of being exerted to with- stend acute attacks, attempts to throw off the fetters of the chrcnfe lingering diseases. It is but reasonable to assume, therefore, that with the best medical treatment under such favorable cir- cumstances recovery in all curable cases fs 2s- sured. Doctor Cowden’s offer of a month's treatment free is made as an induccment to the afflicted to take advantage of the present favorable se of the to rid the system of disease polsons and regain health, and judgment of every one. It is an offer which bo obe suffering from any chronic disease should allow to pass unaccepted. Here js Doctor Cowder's offer: To every new patient beginning a course of treatment before August 1, and to every old patient renewing treatment before that date, he pro- poses to give daring the course one month's treatment and medicines absolutely free. This is not a trial treatment. It is not a char- It is a fair, square, business offer, and may pted by any one before August 1. Don't hesitate. Den’t ¢eluy. Don’t let the time puss by. Begin at once and get the benefit of this offer and at the same time the benefit of the beat treatment of the age dcring the most favorable season of the yea activity to a higher and more controlled expression. Mi: Pollock awelt on the movement of dancing as a beautiful and necessary ex- pression of the activity if spontaneous and childlike. “It is a rhythmic movement and expression without distinction or sex, sim- ply by children as children, not as 60 many girls with so many boys, so-called part- ners—ideas entirely foreign to Froebel’s philosophy. Miss Pollock closed with an appeal to the the heart-mother and the kindergartner to study the child’s best good for the future profit of this life and the next. MUSIC EDUCATION. An Interesting Disquisition on In- dividual Singing. Music in its relation to the education of the young was considered at a well-attend- ed meeting in the Gunton Temple Memorial Church. The program was an interesting one, including addresses on “Fads in Pub- lic School Music,” E. W. Pearson, super- visor of music, Philadelphia, Pa., with a discussion by N. Coe Stewart, supervisor of music, Cleveland, Ohio. “What is Mu- sic and Hew to Help Children to Become Musical,” by Miss Mari Ruef Hofer, Chi- go, Ill, with a discussisa by Miss Hel2n W. Trask, Minneapolis, Mian, and “Indi- vidual Singing,” by C. H. Congdon, super- visor of music, St. Paul, Minn. The latter paper was particularly inter- esting. Mr. Congdon said the power to imitate was one of the most valuable faculties with which the human mind is endowed. This faculty is brightest during | childhood, and without it the young mind | Children learn songs at could not de P- first by imitation, which is, of course, the | natural way. ‘The process of singing by note is decided- ly unnatural, and the ability to sing at sight is difficult to acquire, but it is a means to a greater end, and is, therefore. part of one’s education. Because childre can imitate so readily whatever they hear, the process of recailing elementary con- cepts that are not heard at the moment is xceedingly difficult. Sec iiee ronda is a small part of the men- tal process of reading, and yet no reading could be done without the ability to call words. The greatest value of music in the schools lies in its salutary effect upon the children—cultivating their emotions and in- fluencing them for good. The best results are reached. however, when the children are taught to read music intelligently. Without a correct conception of the rela tive pitch of sounds, sight-singing is oct of the question, and ear-singing must neces- sarily predominate. Many teachers think their work is satisfactory because a few pupils with strong voices lead, and the rest follow. An examination often reveals fact that a great majority of children and would get along about as had nothing to look at but the When concert singing is done ex- only the natural leaders acquire y to read. The rata leaders are not always the natural singers, for oftentimes the intel- lect develops more rapidly than the emo- tions, and, while the natural leaders read- ily obtain’ mechanical results, the quality of voice and the expression are often sadly neglected. On the other hand, many natural singers have beautiful voices and a strong appreciation of the emotional side of music, but overlook the mental effort necessary to interpret the printed page. They depend entirely upon their neighbors for the melody. Experience shows that it 1s possible to reach the individual in the matter of tone relation as well as in number relation. We should be on our guard, however, against falling into mechanical habits, and remem- ber at all times that the development of toné relation is only a necessary means to a very desirable end, viz: the inteHigent interpretation of the printed page of musie and the proper rendition of the school song. Discipline Necessary. ‘The first necessary condition for indi- vidual singing is perfect discipline. Each pupil should stand ready to respond in- stantly to the call of the™ teacher. He should be willing to at least try to sound the key note, and to do as much more as possible. At first the pupils will laugh at slight mistakes, but in a short time this will wear away and individual recitations in music will be regarded as a part of the daily work. ‘The timid pupil should not be discouraged at the outset with difficult problems. Give him something that he can do, and he will be ready for the next step. The great vaiue of this work is not so much In the actuai Grill, but in its refiex influence upon pupils. It is an incitement to individual effort, which is the true secret of acquired ability. The “monotones” should not be required to think sounds before they are able to imitate them. As soon as it is found that @ pupil can sing short melodies by imita- tion, he should then be expected to remem- ber and recall some of the typical forms of tone relation. Through the practice of writing music by dictation we have found a speedy way of reaching the individual. The value of written work as an aid to the memory should not be overlooked. Children will acquire a more definite knowledge of the staff notation by the practice of copying music and writing it by dictation. Scales, signatures, intervals, etc., will thus become indelibly fixed in the mind. The songs can be preserved for future use, and the work will thus serve a two-fold purpose. A plan must now be devised for individua} tone drill that will not exhaust the time at our command, and thus leave no room for the study of songs.- Aavice to Teachers. As far as possible, teachers should ranke following observations anf keey = cure- record of them: Do what extent is the co-existence of the ful a It will appeal to the good sense | Living Proof. Rev. L. L. SMITH, G06 Gth «#t. s.v., cured of deafness that @:sturbed him greatly and interfered with his business and profes ». Nolees also stopped. Miss L. KELLY, 1115 4 cured of acne (large pimples, compl iy covering her face). She became so sensitive about ber af- filction that she would not go among her friends at. mow, in a social way. She yas very unhappy. Had tried thiag and given up hope of a cure. She is well now and very grateful for the relief Mr. J. G. KRE H ost. mow., had a Coterrh that had f tem; ugh a you sical wreck; his ® eat nothing withe cured and took | @ rigid examinat 3 passed; te at | the front has been promoted to hospital ard Miss GRACE adly poisoned hix whole sys- mean, was almost a phy. ing him; could alt HARRISON, 401 12th at. sw. Had been deaf for several years. Had ring- ing ears. Teacher and parents thought ber atab- bern and dull; was cured and bas pt to be a bright, cheerful, intel"igent child. Mr. W. KELLY, 358 L ed; lost flesh and strength; too weak to work; bad Dleeding pells; gave up bope # many trials; cured and well; werking, amd cheerfully recom- mends the treatment that cured him. Mr. J. W. EWING of the Treasury Department: Had what he called, after trying many remedies, incurable eczei Commenced treatment without uy hope of relief. The resalt was a surprise and very gratifying, as he is cured and permanently so. “The Only Exceptions.” The free moath applies to all diseases except cataract ond cbesity. These ailments are treated on a plan of absolute guarantee to cure and are not included ‘n the offer. Cetaract cured withoat | the knife. Obesity cured without dieting or dan- | wer. Dr. J. M. Cowden, 715 13th Street Northwest. Office Hours—9 a.m. to 12 m.; 2 to 5 p.m.; 7 to 8 p.m. daily; Sundays and holidays, 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. the number sense and the tone sense found in children? 2. Do pupils who think tones readily catch melodies with equal facility, and vice versa? - After the pitch fs sounded, how many pupils can start a famillar vane without further aid or suggestion? 4. Take a list of pupils who are prompt and alert during the physical exercises and see whether or not this list cuincides with | any of the above classifications The work in sight-singing ducted on the basis of indiy - gence. It 18 not inteaded to disp-nse with songs until every individual pupil has mas- tered tone relation; on the cu ry, - sing should be continued in all grades, otwithstanding the fact that the majority of children sing by ear. A line nust be drawn, however, between the two methods of singing, and a certain amoun: of time devoted to each. We must not deceive oursclves any longer by takirg for granted that a knowsedge of the cor structive elements of mu wall come incidentally through song practice. This work should receive the sam careful attention that is now given te the number work; every child shoul le: to think teres independently, and in order to ac- complish this, individual effort should be required The following classification Is suggested | for carrying out the work 9f ‘ndividual singing: 1. Those who can sing all the sounds of the scale in any order. . Those who can think a few tones, but have not ered them ail. | 3. Those who sing by ear only. 4. The monotone: At every singing lesson the pupils ehould take s in the rows according to this classification. At the conclusion of Mr. Gress President McF: Congion’s ad- adon appointed the fol- | lowing committee, whica will have in | Charge the nominations for rs for the | department for the coming year: Mr. F. | Howard of Bridgport, Conn.; Miss | Hawn of East Orange, N. J., Byington. They will report fternoon next, when the elec and M | place. Mr. McFadon t the local committee for the han decorations of | palms with whi aiform | had been surrour zB ad- A general invitation issued to ¢ public to be pres the next meet- ing of the department Tuesday efternoon. EDUCATIONAL PRESS Discussion on the Classification of Matter. The Educational Press Association met | yesterday afternoon in Mt. Vernon Church. | The officers of the association are John ! McDonald of Topeka, president; Willfam G. Smith of Minneapolis, secretary; and George P. Brown of Bloomington, treas- urer. “How Should Matter Be Classific¢ in Educational Journals?” was the subject of the principal paper, which was read by Mr. H. M. Pattengill, editor of the Michi- gan School Moderator. Mr. Pattengill’s paper was interesting, dealing as it did | with the problems which beset the editors of educational journals. It was followed by a discussion which was participated in by Aaron Grove, editor of the Colorado School Journal, of Denver; A. E. Winshi editor of the Journal of Education, of Bos- ton; C. M. Parker, editor of the Schvol News, of Taylorville, UL; Miss Sara D. Jenkin: editress of Popular Eéne: Boston; T. B. McHeath, editor of ‘ School ‘Exponent, Jacksonville; and Frank H. Kasson, editor of Education, Boston. A general discussion followed. The sub- jects: “Relation of Advertising Rates to Circulation,” led by 8. ¥. Gillan, editor of the Western Teacher, of Milwaukee, Wis.; “Is It Good Business Policy to Exchange Advertising Space for Space or for Goods?” led by C. M. Parker, e¢itor of School News of Taylorville, and’ “To What Extent Should We Exchange With News- papers?” led by Howard A. Gass. editor of the Missouri School Journal, of Jefferson City, Mo. NATIONAL HERBART SOCIETY. Scientific Study and Discussion of Leading Problems. The National Herbart Society met im Foundry Church yesterday afternoon, and was called to order by Dr. E. M. Gallaudet of the local committee. He introduced President Charles De Ganna of Ithaca, N. ¥., who presided. The National Herbart Society was estab- lished for the purpose of securing a scien: tific study and discussion of leading prob- lems in public education, and contains many local chapters throughout the coun- try, It has thus far, through its meetings and year books, coniributed largely to deepen the knowledge and interest of teach- ers in important questions. President De Ganna introduced Prof. E. B. Delabane of Brown University, who read a paper on the theses of Prof. James Seth of Cornell University, “The Relation of Knowledge to Conduct and Will,” pub- lished in the last issue of the soclety’s year book. The second subject brought before the meeting was “The Social Significance of United States History. President De Ganna read papers on “What to Teach,” by Prof. John Bach McMaster of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, and “Pedagogical Method of Approach,” by Prof. M. G. Brumbaugh of the University of Pennsyl- vania. “Religious Toleration—A didactic tl- lustration,” was the subject of a short ad- dress by Principal Frank G. Blair of Franklin School, Buffalo, N. Y. The