Evening Star Newspaper, May 7, 1898, Page 11

10 THE EVENING ST AR, SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1898-24 PAGES. HealthyChildren are a comfort to themselves and the pride of their parents, This is the -reason so many families bless The Genuine Johann Hoff’s Malt Extract It has done more to make strong, healthy children than any other nu- tritive tonic, because it makes strong, healthy mothers. What Ars. Kendal writes: “The genuine JO- HANN HOFF’S MALT EXTRACT has helped me considerably to keep my strength. I consider it the best nutritive tonic and table beverage I know of” Beas TT neem chee RO eRe A — — ea run are not cheap soups but “all that’s good vein in soups” is there; grocers sell them. Cutice Brothers Co. Rochester, N. ¥. re Bass’ Ale Guinness’ Stout Is the Best. For sale by the leading Wine Merchants, Gro- cers, Hotels snd Restaurants. GENERAL AGENTS, Alex. D. Shaw & Co., 5S Broad Street, New York. api2-Im.40 DP ole hos ost tele OOO HOME DYEING A Pleasure at Last. | No Muss. MAYPOLE SOAP No Trouble. Se i es os Ss Sk ee See oto Seeteetoeseeseeteoteot rete Oa as ss ae ss ss ee se eB OY WASHES AND DYES At One Operation . . ANY COLOR. The Cleanest, Fastest Dye for Soiled or Faded Shirt Waists, Blouses, Ribbons, Cu:‘ains, Underlinens, etc., whether Silk, Satin, Cotton or Wool. Sold in All Colors by Grocers and Druggists, or mailed free for 15 cents. Address, THE MAYPOLE SOAP DEPOT, 127 Duane Street, New York. it POOOS: A REMARKABLE FIND. island in the P fal cifie Full Archueological f Wonder- Remains. From the Newcastle Leader. Prof. Alleson of the Berlin Geographical focizty has described his remarkable d “Dawson's Island,” a lone {sland cifle. It is, he says, one of the lerful places ever visited by man. tehed out before us w a broad table- land, probably three miles in sxtent and ut- teriy devoid of vegetation. For the most part {t was as smooth and flat as if leveled by the hand of man, and upon it were sirewn m: of wonderful ruins in all stages of decay. Her? were the remains of buildings that had probably once been well- » last crumbling | of walls of which only a few feet in stant Far in the uistance . that crown-d the extreme of the plateau and looked majestically out over a deep volcanic ravine that ex- tended for hundreds of feet below. Around this, on puld be seen the ruins of Struct ast crumbling stages of le took us around to the where they said the ad people had be>n mountain was of | © rock, which r i es | formed structures, and t remai all sid Upon | f gigantic ston> f at the neck, while bust was shown. They | ten to thirty feet high, of sclid volcanic rock. standing erect; urious platforms, had been specially m, and upon which once stood. Othe me were cut < the whole n size fro e hewn ow wn down upon ¢ ed as if they ted to hold th robably had were broken, a HELD IN COMMITTEE Mothers Debating the Constitution of the Congress, AN ADDRESS BY MISS MARY E. BURT) Other Papers Read Before the Assemblage This Morning. NOTES AND COMMENTS The ncrning session of the mothers’ con- gress was significant for the absence of the entire body of those who are generally admitted to be the moving spirits in the movement. These ladies were engaged in several meetings and conferences over at the Ebbitt House endeavoring to straighten out the numerous complications into which the congress became involved over the question of adopticrg a constitution. The absentees, however, had the misfortune to miss hearing read a scholarly and thought- ful adéress by Mrs. Mary E. Burt of New York city on “Literature for Children.” Mrs. Burt enjoys the deserved reputation of being the picneer in the admirable cru- sade in behalf of placing in the hands of the young the pure and classic in litera- ture in place of the “flapCoodles” which Kirgsley so thoroughly characterized in his “Water Babies.” Mrs. Burt inveighed in graphic terms against the intellectual prostitution of the yourg by the custem of providing them with primer-like literature which merely gave them the mechanical power to read by rote instead of improving their mental quai- ilies. She scrongly advised teaching chil- Gren to read by giving them the classics of hteraiure and thus making a foundation for @ proper education to be erectad upon, at once siable and permanent. She recom- mended # relegation to. their proper spheres, by parents and guardians, of th= profes- al authors who write books for the, 1g to order for publishers, and to have little and little tongues taught to read from Such authors Kipling, Kingsley, “Alice in Wonderland,” Dickens, Scott and the literary classics. Influence in Preventing Crime. Mrs. Deborah C. Leeds of Pennsylvania made some remarks on “Mothers’ Influence in Preventing Crime.” She paid almost entire attention during her discourse to a plea for the adoption of a system by which convicts in prison should be given manual labor, in order that they may be enabled to meet life's responsibilities when their freedom is restored. She alluded to the e?- fort made at the congress last night to send a message to the Queen Regent of Spain expressing sympathy, and declared her approval of it. This was grected with mingled with handclaps and his: When Mrs. Leeds had concluded Mrs. Charlotte Smith asked her it she believed that conviet labor should be allowed to compete with honest labor outside. Leeds replied in the offirmat reupon Mrs. Smith made an impas sioned appeal to the mothers to casi aside the superficial in religion and adopt the practical. She painted a vivid picture of the fallen womanhood of the ee untry, and declared that the Christian churches were satisfied to regard the evil with shrugs of superficial horror, but lutely nothing in a practical way its reformation. Mrs. Sinith spoke deep feeling, and was generous plauded. Mrs. Birney gently took issue with Mrs. Smith on her declaration regarding the churches, reminding her that if it were not for the churches the evil she spoke of would be infinitely worse and more widespread. Mrs. Smith said she did not wish to dis- turb the congress, but her feelings had been aroused by Mrs. Leeds’ remarks. The audience sang the hymn, “How Firm a Foundati and Prof. W. B. DuBois, the well-known colored educator of Atlan- ta, € save an interesting address on “The History of the Negro Home.” Prof. DuBois has made sociological problems his study, and he gave an instructive resume of his researches to the congress. He gave your his attention to the development of the American negro, tracing it from the origin in the African home to the present time. At the conclusion of Prof. Du Bois’ re- marks a number of resolutions were of- fered by various delegates referring to subjects relating to the @iversified objects of the congress. Constitution in Committee. The afternoon session will be devoted to hearing the report of the executive com- mittee and the committee on constitution, who have been diligently laboring at the Ebbitt House all day upon the work in hand. The officers decided upon up to 1 o'clock were Mrs. T. W. Birney for presi- dent and Mrs. Mumford, Mrs. Stevenson, Mrs. A. A. Birney and Mrs. Lewis for vice presidents. Later Proceedings Yesterday. The afternocn session of the congress w devoid of discussions which streaked the serenity of the mothers at the morni m2ecting, and night followed in similar calm work. Among those who made addre in the afternocn were Mrs. Fannie 8. who treated “Home Government:” who briefly advocated the tion of women and the aims of ; Mrs. E. D. Martin, on the P vation ef the Sabbath; Miss Maud A. Miller of Asbury Park, on “The Physical Barnes. Aspect of Child L and Miss Mary Louisa Butl>r, who teld how easy {t w: ry mother to be a kindergartener mploy the daily articles in use around the objects for lessons Miss Johanna P. Moore of Nashville told an int>resting story of the fireside homes in the scuth that are dcing so much to- ard the education and elevation of ihe colored people, stating that over one hun- ered colored children under her care were teaching their parents to read and Edward 8. a about “The Poor, Gren of the Rich.” s. Margaret Bottome made a beautiful son “The Motherhood of God,” which was an exquisite tribute to mothers. The evening session was Cevoted to a paper, * ” by Hensley of New York, sup- y an address, “Life Studies in a Great City,” delivered by Dr. William H. ‘Tolman and illustrated with stereopticon views of the tenement districts in New York. Both contributions were interesting and instructive in the extreme. Little Mothers in Tenements. One of the papers that appealed to the hearts of those who heard it read by its author, Mrs. J. H. Johnston of New York city, was entitled “Little Mothers of the Manhattan Tenements.” Mrs, Johnston is a lady of most engaging personality and aréently interested in her labors among the tenement classes, so much so, in fact, that she has earned the title “Little Mother,” which fits her superbly, as she is “little,” rosy of cheek and bright of eye and engag- ing of manner. Her paper went deeply into the aspect of this perverted child life and created great erest. It was a revelation 0 many of the delegates present. These little mothers” are a distinct species, a new factor in the labor problem, which had sgood of Portland, M Neglected Chi The Child cf the Tenements, Almon come had tottered seemed ri F All the faces bore and the expression cach case the head r over that nm those by § resemblan Was most sinister. Was lon, ed nostr the face In with protruding chin and expand- and all of them appeared to be of men. The whole place ts fuil of the most remarkable archaeological re- mains. ——_ —+e-____ Appendicitis Dethroned. From the Cleveland Plain Dealer. “They tell me that young Dr. Pumphrey ts making money hand over first.” iow did he strike it? “Why, he's got the fashionable folks to believe that he is the only ptomaine expert in town.” see ‘Tricycle cabs are now used in Berlin. In these the driver works the treadles at the rear, and the passenger sits between the two front wheels. It is rather an old idea, but the modern device seems to have met with appreciation, and it is stated that there are now 500 of these tricycle abs ic the German capital. its beginning when the necessities of the home compelled the maternal parent to be- come a wage earner, her hands being obliged to provide rent, food, fuel, cloth- ing. Then the oldest daughter becomes the caretaker, the “little mother” of the brood of younger children that usually swarm in tenement homes. Mrs. Johnston's report was graphic and realistic in depicting the weary existence of these little girls, out of whose lives all that Is sweet and good and wholesome is pressed by the hand of toil. Mrs. Cooper's Work. Among so many deligittful mothers Mrs, Henry M. Cooper of Little Rock, Ark., stands well at the head of the line. Mrs, Cccper is a beautiful mother, whose grown son might call her ‘younger sister” un- questioned. A philanthropically inclined woman of means, she takes great pleasure in alleviating the wants and providing for the necessities of struggling young women and ignorant mothers in practical ways. She formed a mothers’ club in Little Rock and brought a competent kindergartner to instruct the members, largely at her own expense. Before the was completed, however, she was elected a del- egate to the National Congress of Moth- ers in February, 1597. The report she car- ried back was so glowing and enthusiastic that the whole state became interested, and the ‘Arkansas Froebel Association was Mrs. Henry M. Cooper. formally organized in April of that year, with Mrs. Cooper as president. Since then, besides the great labor attendant upon her duties as president, she has organized fourteen mothers’ clubs .in Little Rock, and kas personally superintended the formaton of like clubs in other parts of the.state. Her ,husband, who takes pride in the enthusiastic work of his cultured wife, who is unselfishly devoting her life to this work, accompanies her on this trip. Congress Notes, The charming ushers whe pilot people around the congress are generaled by ‘Mrs. Ida S. Greer, chairman. The eleven ushers are Miss Janet McKnew, Miss Daweson, Miss Hoop Miss Blanche Hoopes, Mr: S. D. Brown, Miss Belding, Miss Emer: Miss Hawkins, Miss ‘lolt2zman, Miss May and Miss Hugh Asa peaker Mrs. Lillie Devereux Blake has no superior among women. She ¢ ce laughing while she rs a knife under the ribs, so pointed her humorous satire, and her vocabul: is only limited by the lias of the very big- gest new dictionary. Mrs. Kate Doug Wiggin, whose dainty stories have charmed two continents, was unexpectedly present at the congre: Thursday and by urgent request gave a reading from one of her idyllic sketch She had been asked to appear upon th regular program, but had expected to be in Europe. She is thorcughly interested in the work of the congress One of the most interesting and tho- rough-going business women in the con- gress is Mrs. Frederick n, president of the Consumers’ League of New York city, who is well equipped mentally and physically. ‘fhe Consumers’ League is des- tined, by the exercise of the combined in- fluence of its members, to ameliorate the condition of working ‘women and shop girls and other employes, in and about shops, stores and work rooms in the city of New York, and to secure conditions which shall conduce to the phy moral well-being ef all such employ: Mrs. M. L. Wright of Oswego, N. Y., represents the Oswego Mothers’ Club. Tl club has paid special attention to ehildren’ literature and is contemplating considera- of religious training for children. Wright of the supreme court or Mr. ‘hi Skinne superintendent public education of the state of New York. She represents the mothers’ congress of the slate of New York in addition to the O. club, and has been particularly i ting public appre D ‘ongresS of Mothers by support and circulating an organ known as * Mother's Voice.” Helen Raymond Wells, who spoke on “Children’s Rights,” 1s the editor of the “Mothers’ Circle’ department in a local TLagazine, conduct: the Mothers’ Meet- page in a Chicago journai, the “Bed- ‘Time Stories” in another journal and con- tributes to a mothers’ magazine in New York. z Miss Maud A. “Miller, state superintendent of physical education of the N. J. V es ., Makes an earnest plea for better 1 ation fer the children. She be that all mental development must based on sound physical conditions. She also believes that there should be com- pulsory physical training and an exami tion of sight and hearing in our publi schools. In connection with the colored kinder- gartens in Washington there are three mothers’ clu The Mothers’ Round 1 ble, one of the clubs, meets monthly and listenea to cus: on the following su ttle Thing appiied to he in the dally formation of tem, order, promptne: reutine of dut of neatne: pits and entilation,” organs of cir function, purification of effect of pure and impure upon eral health; how to ventilate. ‘“Heredi- Shildren—Diet, Clothing, re and Also a ju, in which girls are taught garments thoroughly and to darn stockings und sock: 1 for the children, who become experts in. thi nd they re- ceive as a kind of wag small charge which is made. in ‘ing, and Bathing, mending burt to repair old neatly, and Work is solic th There are two cl: regular instruction in tailor- g for children is a branch in one of these The c s thirty g! congress from thi A. E. Murray and M When the collections were taken up V nesday evening two life member: were found in the bh ket from liam Burnham and Mrs. Frederick Schott respectively, both of Philadelphia. congress hopes to have at least. fifty memberships by the close of the ses- 3 in South Washington The de! to the organization are Mrs. S. P. Fieetwooa. sions. ‘The Englewood Woman's Club cago is an incorporated bedy with up ‘d of $25 mempe It has chree departments— education, art and ).terature, and philan- thropy—to which it is hoped will be added the coming year a “home department.’ The president is Mrs. Ellen R. Jackson, who is deeply interested in child study. of Chi- The club is represented in the congress by Mrs. Eliza Ailen Rice. Mr. Edward E. Allen, principal of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruc- tion of the Blind, whose pap®r, “A Messag. to the Mothers of Blind Children,” was so well received, was a pupil of Mrs. Louise Pollock in 1863, at the first kindergarten established in the United States. Little Mrs. Pollock was bubbling over with pleas- ure and pride in her protege. The Colored Ladies’ Auxiliary of Wash- ington, D. C., has a membership of thirty- five, with Mrs. Josephine B. Bruce as presi- dent. Different departments of work com- prising the home, press, purity, loving ser- vice and mothers’ mecting departments, all tending to uplift the colored race. Mothers’ meetings have been held in dif- ferent sections of the city. The latest was opened in the southwestern section in Octo- ber, 1897, with Miss Annie Jackson and Mrs. L. E. Hawkins in charge. Meetings are held every Tuesday evening for one hour and a half and the women of the lowly classes are given good, practical talks on child study and domestic economy. A part of the evening is devoted to sewing. Mrs. Louise E. Hawkins and Miss Annie M. Jackson are delegates to the congress, A pretty sight on the stage one afternoon was the exhibition of six little children from four to eight years of age, pupils of Miss Mary S. Garrett of the home for the training in speech of deaf children before they are of school age. Miss Garrett fs an enthusiast on the subject, and the children amply justified her etthusiasm by the man- ner in which they responded to questions from teacher and delegates, only requirir, to see the movement of the lips of thoge speaking. While it is true the tones are unnatural and the effort strained in the older ones, the little girl of four talked quite naturally and was as pretty as a pic- ture. One boy had deaf ancestors for four generations back, yet he spoke and read quite distinctly. Mrs. F. R: Dickerson and Mrs. Kate V. McMullen of Evanston, Illinois, are in Washington attending the mothers’ con- gress, coming as representatives from the “Child and Home” department of the wom- an’s club ‘of that ice. Here child de- velopment is studi from the standpoint of the physician and the trained nurse-— scientifically. Home questions are discuss- ed as well as philant! work’ done by ‘mothers’ clubs, girls and boy’ clubs, all of which work is clustered close about the public shcools, whéte teachers and parents are working together in sympathy and co- Mrs. John McNtel éf Denver, delegate from the Woman's, Cl b of Denver, repre- sents the largest inajvidual constituency in the congress—a club of 800 women. She is a woman of executive ability and of sterling integrity of ‘purpose and an or- ganizer without equal. Mrs. Robert Cotten, who is a delegate from Virginia, is a beautiful woman, with white hair and animated, almost youthful, face despite the fact that she is a grand- mother. She has ‘brought up a devoted family and is now cgnsecrating a large Part of her life to the service of humanity, and her unselfish labor in behalf of the establishment of a’national training school for women is making warm friends for her throughout the country. Mrs. Alice May, who is a delegate to the Jpesb bee from New York, is president and rector of the ‘society for study of higher mental motherhood.” ‘The object is to en- courage the study, writing and publication of literature on the subject, and to inves- tigate, study and develop certain latent Possibilities of motherhood, physical, men- tal and spiritual, and to use resulting pow- ers in the service of humanity. No more interesting woman attends the congress than Mrs. Margaret Bottome, president of King’s Daughters cf the nation, author and poet. After meeting her one 4s inclined to believe that with her all things are possible. She stands for all that uplifts and inspires, and in her the weak and unfortunate find a tower of strength. She is as strong physically as mentally, and is the true type: of the virile womanly Woman, whose firm grasp on the home is rot loosened when she steps outside of it for philanthropic work. Among the ladies in attendance at the mothers’ congress is Mrs. Benjamin Chap- pell of Tokyo, Japan. Mrs. Chappell is a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church and has resided in Japan twenty years, during which time she has had much and varied experience as a teacher of Ja- panese girls. For several years she was connected with a journal established by the empress herself for the daughters of the nobility and high officials of the empire. She was also for several years president of the order of the King’s Daughters in Japan. She will return to Japan shortly, and has plans for a mothers’ congress in Japan. ‘Dhe Countess di Brazza-Savorgnan, Miss 's and Mrs. Kate Waller Barrett Andr will hold a meeting in the interest of the Florence Crittenton Mi: n at the First Street Congregational Church Sunday af- ternoon, May 8, at % p.m. Of course the public is invited. The last delegates to the congress to reg- ister Friday were these: Mrs. Henry M. Cooper, Litile Rock, Ark.; Mi: Emily F. Wright, Lansdowne, Pa.; Mrs. W. E. Fisch- el, St. Louis, Mo.; Miss E. A. Pritch, Lans- downe, Pa.; Miss Pauline Mari> Aldritch, Lansdowne, Pa.; Miss Victoria Hayword, Lansdowne, Pa., Miss M. P. Wilson, Mal- den, Mass.; Mrs. Edward Therburn Osgood, Portland, Mé.; Mrs. H. G. Hollenberg, Little Rock, Ark. The following is the number of delegates registered from the various states in the mothers’ con: Arkansas, 2 Alaska, 1; Colorado, 3; Connecticut, 6; District of Columbia, 62; Georgia, 1; low. Indiana, 2; Illinois, 6; Kentuck: Louisiana, 1; Maine, 2; Mary- chusetts, 5; North Carolina, Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, ‘orth Dakota, 1; Ohio, 7; Pennsylvania, South Dakota. 6; Tennessee, 2; Utah, 6; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 2; Washington, 1; Japan, 1 The youngest delegate at this congress is Miss Edna Whited, state president of the work in South Dakota. M Whited js an enthusiast on the subject. South Dakota, the first and cnly state organization in tho world, has the largest number of ciubs. Miss Whited has spoken several tmes since coming to Washington. Yesterday she addressed the mothers and young wo- er at Georgetown ‘dn the subject of “Life. The “Formation Round Table” of Froeba! Institute, Lansdowne, Pa., 1s a mothers club of fifty members, crganized six y ago by Miss Emily Dudley Wright. Its eb- ject is the preservation of all subjects per- taining to the training and welfare of the children, and the devetopment of the nigh- est ideal of motherhood among women. Mrs. Edwin G. Wheeler, in the list of speakers for today.on the subject “Women and a Nineteenth Century Method of Evangelization Sa woman who has had large experience along the line of her sub- ject. Nearly her entire life has been given to the Sunday school missionary work, and she is, therefore, able to speak from obser- vation as Well as experience. She for some time given charge of what has now become famous as. the “Chapel car’ method of preaching the gospel, which she conducted, m company with her husband. congress will close tonight, with a ic meeting, and in a blaze of glory » evening's entertainment will be semi- patriotic in that “America,” by everybody, will open the exercises,’ and the “Star Spangled Rann: by everybody, will close the meeting. Miss Hofer will sing some of her beautiful mother songs, bishops and ministers of note will be heard briefly, and some one of the strong women of the con- gress will tell what the mothers have ac- complished during the year. HOW FELT HATS ARE Missouri, 2; Minnesota, 1 land, 20;' Mass 3; New York, 1 wa MAD Thousan of Men, Women and Boys ployed in the Industry. From the New York~Cemmereial. One of the leading industties in this coun- try is the manufacture of hats. At the present time fur felt hats are made in 4 en stat namely, Connecticut, In- jdiana, Mlinois, Mar i, Maine, Massa- chusetis, Missouri, New Jersey, New York Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. There are in all more than 200 manufacturing plan:s producing hats for men’s, boys’, women's and children’s wear composed of the fur of the rabbit, beaver, nuiria and other avimals. The industry employs upward of 00) men, women and boys, and the ap- oximate value of the output is said to be 1.000.000 e1nnually. Speaking of men's hats and their matiufacture, a representa- tive of one of the largest firms in this cit said : “Felt hats include the popular derby and the various styles of soft hats, all of which are made from animal furs, the nat- ural coats of the coney, hare, nutria, musi- rat and beav To manipulate the skins of these animals so as to properly prepare the fur for felting purposes is an expert chemical operation, 'n fact, a trade in It- self, entirely distinet from that of hat making, and is earrid on by ‘hatters’’ fur cutters in London. the world’s great cen- ter for that work. ‘The art of the hat maker includes a knowledge of tne partic- ular fur or combination of furs for mak- ing a given quality of hats. The propor- tioning of the different furs requires the utmost exactness. The quality of product having been decided upon, the fur is then cleaned and separated from stray hairs ana all unfeltable substances. This initial pro- cess ts accomplished by a windy macaine called ‘the devil.’ “The next proce#s, ‘forming,’ consists of distributing by means of air currents a light coating of fur upon the outer sur- face of a revolvirg perpendicular cone, perforated with small holes. When fur covers the cone sufficient for one hat, it is wrapped in wet cloths and given a brief hot bath, then stripped from the cone, and, after the ‘stopping’ process of add- ing a little fur to.weak spots, is wrapped with other cloths irside a woolen cloth to ‘harden’ it for handling. By a process called ‘sizing,’ which consists of repeated immersions fn hot water, together with rolling and unrolling,*folding and unfoid- ing, the cone-shaped gmass is reduced to one-third its origipal size. It is wonder- ful how each fiber will twist and inter- twine, basket fashion, with the other an- til the product is ‘& cfdsely woven mass. “The ‘body’ is t#en *shaved’ to remove stray hairs in the fmr, and then it is stiffened with a coating of shellac, thor- oughly dried, and then subjected to steam, which softens thé shéllac and draws tt into the fabric. When dried, it is im- mersed in a hot alkaline solution to free the surface from shellac, and then in cold water to remove the alkali. ric is dipped in boiling water and placed on @ block patterned for the final shape of the hat. After the dyeing process comes that of finishing, which consists of steam- ing, blocking to shape the crown, drying. coating with a stiffening solution, drying again, ironing out wrinkles, after which it is pounced with emery paper and singed to remove the long nap and oil applied to smooth the surface, e ‘curling’ depart- ment cuts the brim to the desired width, rolls up the sides and pitches the front and rear as the style demands. With the pro- cess of trimming, consisting of sewing cn the binding and band and cementing the liring, the derby is finished. If a soft hat is desired the stiffening process is omit- ted.” : 4 —_——_—_-o--—_____ “Want” ads. in The Star pay because they bring answers. Cordials MA alan al 2 Shc aa Sana Rakes ad Re aie aaa Sm ‘Blocking’ succeeds stiffening. The fab-- ABORIGINAL MUSIC Instruments Described by Prof. Wil- son of the National Museum. DRUMS, RATTLES AND BRONZE BELLS In Use by Mexicans Before the Spanish Conquest. DELIGHT OF THE INDIANS Professor Wilson of the National Mu- seum, in his unpublished work on “Prehis- toric Art,” has a most interesting chapter devoted to musical instruments in use by the aborigines of this country. In a pub- lished treaties on “Pottery of the Ancient Pueblos,” by Prof. W. H. Holmes, he states that the ancient people hud not devoted their ceramic art to trivial uses; there are no toys, no rattles and no grotesque figures. Professor Wilson says that this remark would seem to apply equally as well to the |.cliff dwellers, but that musical instruments made of other materials were not unknown to these people is evidenced by the fact that among the objects mentioned as com- ing from the cliff ruins of the Mesa Verda, in southwestern Colorado, are fragments of & wooden flute and a small bone, pierced with a lateral hole, and possibly used as a whistie. The author is of the opinion that a people with an art culture so high and developed in other directions might easily have invented musical instruments Ornaments and musical instruments em- ployed in dances and religious ceremonies do not differ much among the Pueblo In- dians. The principal ones are the drum, rattles made from gourds, notched sticks, a kind of a flute, and a turtle shell rattle. Professor Wilson does not claim that they are prehistoric, although some of the Torms are undoubtedly ancient. Music Loved by Ancient Mexicans. Prof. Wilson states that music evidently occupied a prominent place in the arts of the ancient Mexicans, for it is mentioned by the early Spanish writers in connection with war, religious ceremonies and festivi- ties of various kinds. The instruments de- scribed or mentioned were drums, timbrels, fiutes, horns, trumpets and rattles. Accord- ing to Clavigero they had no stringed in- struments. There is no representative of the ancient Mexican drum in the National Museum. It is described, however, the “teponaztli” of the Aztecs, as being made of a single block of very hard wood, some- what oblong, square in shape, which was hollowed, leaving at each end a solid piece about three or four inches in thickness and j at its upper side a kind of sounding-board about a quarter of an inch in thickness. In this were made three incisions, two run- ning parallel some distance lengthwise of the drum and a third running across from one of these to the other just in the center. By this means two vibrating tongues of wood were obtained, which, when beaten with a stick, produced sounds as clearly defined as those of kettle drums of the present day. Use of the Rattle. The rattle, it is stated, appears to have eccupied an important place in the cere- monies of th? ancient Mexicans. In con- struction it was similar to the rattle com- monly used by the Indians of the present time. These are round or oval in shape, and usually made of a gourd, into which is inserted a wooden handle. A number of small pebbl2s were inclosed in the hollow- ed gourd. Rattles made of pottery were also used, and there are a number of these ancient instruments in the museum. A primitive form of dance ratft> still used by the Yaqui Indians of Sonora. Mexico, is made of butterfly cocoons, which are di- vided into halves and sewed togethe: cne end with a double cord. Each i: the cocoons contains a grain or pebble. They ar> attached to a long cord, which is wound around the leg of the dancer. The Bronze Bells. The only instruments of metal in the museum collection of Mexican antiquities are the bronze bells. These appear to hav2 been in general use by the Mexicans before the Spanish conquest, and they are oft2n found figured in the picture writings repre- | stniing the various objects which the Az- tecs used to pay as a tribute to their sov- ereigns. Whistles were used in Mexico, Central and South America. The ‘whistling mechanism in all is identical with, that of the modern flageolet, and the only distinc- tion that can be made between them is by classing the instruments which only emit cne sound or note as whistles, and those which have one or more finger holes as flageolets. The smaller instruments are mostly grotesque caricatures of the human face or figure or of animals or birds. The larger instruments are more like the mod- ern flageolet. A figure is shown carved in marble. It has six sound holes, the lower end being carved in imitation of an alli- gator’s head. It is Professor Wilson's opinion that the antiquity of the instrument muy not be very great. The fact of its vi ix finger holes, he thinks s European contact, as in all s imens of this class from the we hemisphere the usual number appears to fave been four holes. Instruments of Wood Rare. Prehistoric musical instruments made of wood are extremely rare. A material which decays so easily cannot resist the influences of time, except under favorable conditions, which retard its destruction. The wooden objects in the National Mu- sevm classed as prehistoric were all ob- tained from burial places, either in caves or graves. Musical instruments of percussion are wanting in the museum collection of pre- historic objects from a Rica, neither drums nor rattles being represented. There is no reason to suppose, however, that none existed. Their immediate neighbors to the south have furnished numerous examples of both drum and rattle. The most important proof of prehistoric musical instruments in the museum in point of numbers is that from Chirigul, embracing drums, rattles and whistles of pottery and a number of bronze beils. Many of these have been figured by Pro- fecsor Holmes in his paper on ‘Ancient Art in the Province of Chirigui.” —— Mica. From the St. Louis Globe Democrat. The demands for a transparent and yet tough and refractory substance to serve as a substitute for glass have occasioned a lively trade in mica. This remarkable sub- stance is one of the silicates and ts found so extensively distributed in nature that hardly any country is without it. Very extensive beds have been discovered in North Carolina, New Hampshire and other states, while in Sweden, Norway, Russia, Siberia,China and Peru there are enormous deposits. Plates three feet square have been quarried in Sweden, and blocks yield- ing pieces almost this size have been taken out in the United States. On ships of war it is extensively used as a substitute for glass in portholes, not being readily frac- tured by the discharge of heavy guns. It is employed in the doors of stoves, and in many countries as a substitute for window glass. It is extensively used in the arts, spectacles, optical instruments and bronze powder have been made from it, and it is also serviceable in holding small objects for examination through a microscope. Mica, when found in combination with other silicates, sometimes bears a very striking resemblance to gold. It is then called~“‘fool’s geld,” and has been the means of misleading many persons who imagined they had found a fortune, when, in fact, their discovery was a worthless conglomerate rock, In the early history of Virginia a large vessel was loaded with this composite and sent to England, the miners believing themselves possessed. of enormous wealth, and it is said one of them committed suicide when he discov- ered that the cargo was worthless. —_—__+e+____ ‘The total length of the world’s telegraph system is not much under 5,000,000 miles. This is exclusive of 1,814,000 miles of sub- marine cables. This mileage is- apportion. ed as follows: Europe, 1,765,000; Asia, 311,- America, 2,500,000. 3 ae mm a aS ak As the loss on these goods is ~ very heavy “CASH ONLY” are the terms of this sale. oT oo goods at once. ai former price and the sale price. £0.00 1 Maple Suite 8E.00 1 Birea Suite. 80.00 1 Mahogany Su 110.00 Odd Dressers. Enamel Dresser. An Astonishing Week Of Furniture Selling! A Rush to Buy Goods Below Cost! This week has been an unprecedented one. The rush began as soon as we announced that we are closing out most of our lines of Furniture. We are not going out of business, but we have decided to retain only certain lines, and to sell the balance of the Prices Have Been Cut to Below Cost Marks. The goods are all ticketed in We mention some to show how deep the cutting has been. Of course there are thousands of other bargains besides these. plain figures, showing both the Parlor Suites. Was. Parlor Suite... Parlor Suite Parlor Suite Parlor Suite Parlo BE SERRRR 22 130.00 22 250.00 Mahogany Rocker Mahog y Rocker Parlor Tables. Was. Now Finish Ts Ta . ailet ‘Tables... Toilet Table. y Toilet Tall Toilet Tabl Oak Oak Oak Oak Oak Oak Oek China Closet. Oak China Closet. Oak China Closet. Oak China Closet. Oak China Closet. 2121" Mahogany China Cleset.: 80.60 45.00 Brass and Iron vel and Brass Be Irass Bed. Brass Bed. Brass Bed. Pa ee eee ee eee ther Ga x Conch. 2.5 1 Box Couch. |! > 2000 | isan 1 Leather Couch. . G00 38.75 1 Leather Conch... 22227"! . B50 42.50 Extension Tables. Wa 1 6-ft. Oak Extension Tatle 85. ry 1 6-ft. Oak tension Table 12.50 8.95 1 S-ft. Oak Extension Table 20.00 13.25, 1 &-ft. Oak Extension Table oo 18.235 1 10-ft. Oak Extension Tabi 12.50 875 1 12-ft. Oak Extension Table 82.50 2.50 Book Cases. ak Rookease. Oak Bookcase. renee 1226 F St. N.W. ansburghFurnitured CarpetCo, Iron Beds—Slightly Shopworn. = Now. 1 4-ft. Iron Bed. + $11.00 £5.00 1 3-ft. 6 Iron Bed + 900 4.00 1 3-ft. 6 Iron - 10.00 1 B-ft. 8.00 4.00 1 3-ft. 38.00, 18.00 1216FSt.N.W. A DANGEROUS POSITION. , The Captain of a Ship Must Be a Brave and Heady Man, From the Independent. Of all on board, the man who stands in the greatest peril is the captain. In the battie ships and cruisers his position is in a cylindrical box of steel, placed jusi under the bridge, well forward, which is called the conning-tower. The armor of it is thick enough ordinarily to resist thc penetration of heavy projectiles, It con- tains the speaking tubes and electrica, wires whereby he communicates with ti guns, engines and helm, and sometimes apparatus whereby he ts enabled to ire the guns himself after they are laid upon the enemy. His field of vision is limited to what he can see through a little horizontal slit on about the level of his eye. In point of frightful responsibility no situation in the world can compare with that which is occupied by the man who stands in that tower and directs the movement of his ship. Afler ihe conilict cnce begins the din about him will be someciring infernal. Upon him the fire of the enemy will be concen- traced, and upon the exterior of that steel drum in which Le is shut up there will be a continuous hail of iron and steel. Shelis will burst everywhere around it, and to that babel wili be added the roar of the force blast under the engines, the tre- mendous reports of the heavy guns, and the ain of the quick fire and machine guns in chorus. In such circumstances as Ux aided by such knowledge as he can get by looking out throvgh the little peep-hole in front of nim as weil as the smoke will let him the captain must control the tremen- dous forces under his command, and his decisions are matters of seconds. Nobody now believes that a captain who finds his vision through the slits of the tower cut off by smoke, will stay thus shut up. It is extremely doubtful if it will be physically possible for him to re- main there after the sliells commence to hammer its sides and burst against it, and, in any event, the intense anxiety to see and know clearly what the enemy is doing Will inevitably lead him to take his chances in the open. Conning-tower or no conning- tower, his duty is to place himself at what ever point ne can manage his ships to the best advantage, and this he will certainly do. Lord Charles Beresford, with grim humor, has suggested that the captain's safest place is not in but behind his con- ning-tower, “because then he has two thicknesses of steel between himself and the enemy, don’t you see?” but while con- ning-tower armor tay resist penetration, it 1s by no means certain that the whole structure will not be swept away by the first heavy projectile which squarely hits it. = As for the admiral, there is nowadays no rigging for him to ascend, and he would be promptly blown out of it if there were. In fact, after a fleet engagement has be- gun, there is no place for him at all. He has no business in the connipg-tower, no business at the guns. He cannot very consistently go below, and he cannot stay cn deck. it has been proposed to build a separate armored tower tor him, or to take him off the flag ship, and put him on a tmall, swift vessel, so that he could choose his position and conveniently give his or- ders by signals. The difficulty with this would be that the enemy would concen- trate his fire on that tower or ship with the certainty of sinking ‘the latter, and rendering the former uninhabitable. The problem, vedrge od is —r a i Against the effect a torpedo gets to the hull, there is no safeguard. The heaviest battle ship is just as vulnera- ble as the lightest gunboat. The best that can be hoped is that the destruction will be limited to a few compartments, so that those remaining intact will be sufficient to keep the ship afloat. But this only puts off the evil hour. As the vessel becomes water-logged, her speed falls off and her maneuvering capacity is reduced, so that the eneray may then pick his position of advantage and. shatter her with his guns traversing doors ors and passages intrica’ and many is difficult to understand. Th who happen to be stationed in the battle ships directly over the torpedo or handling rooms may per! be lowered at once to surgeons there p’ but what Is to be come of the rest in more distant positions is not clear. All of this goes to show the great ad- vantage of the almost perfect discipline and drill now prevailing in the navy. 1 deed, it never has been so completely re gnized as it is at the present day that the best protection for a war ship's crew is their own fighting capacity. No armor 3 80 efficient as celerity of action and sood gunnery. That ship will win, and in- € the greater number of liv men, which first plants an effective projectile in a vital part of the enemy. The Sea fight will not be gained by the ship which withstands the most pounding, but by the ship which pounds har d quickest and so destroys or impairs antagonist’s pounding capacity. It i: swift attack and superior marksmanship which above all else characterize the crew of the war ships of the United States, and it is in just this that the Spaniards are most deficient. Sot a Oo Shooting on the S From the New York Press. Necessarily the deck of a vessel at sea offers a much | satisfactory platform from which to shoot than the solid foun- dauon provided in a land fort, since even when the ocean fs calmest, the vessel must. constantly roll from side to side. Theoretl+ cally, the best time to fire would be at the moment between the rolls, when the eck of the ship is perfectly level, and in a general way it may be said that an at- tempt is made to do the shooting at that irstant. It is practically impossible, how- ever, to fire invariably when the decks are horizontal. No matter how careful the gunner, the piece is almost always ex- ploced just before or just after the proper instant. The American practice, both in the army and navy, has always been to shoot low and always to save ammunition until it Was possible to use it effectively. In the navy the tradition to shoot low has crys- tallized into a standing rule, unwritten ine ced, but none the less religiously observed, and its wisdom has been proved on more than one occasion of great importauce. The precise form of this unwritten naval rule is to “walt for the downward roll.” This is the converse of the maxim obtain- ing in the British navy that it is best t take advantage of the “upward roll,” which has been observed almost from the beginning of naval fighting by the gunners on English ships. This was rendered the more certain from the fact that the spherical projectiles the! in use would ricochet along the surface o! the waves if they struck the water, exactly as a stone will skip along the top of a pond when properly thrown from the hand of & small boy. —_—---s00. Huge Tank Steamer. From the Savannah News. ‘The “largest tank steamer in the world” will soon be launched for the Standard Oit Company at the Roach ship yard, in Ches+ ter, Pa. The capacity will be 720,000 gal- lons of oil, and the ship will cost $250,000. The dimensions are: Length over all, 254 feet; beam, 40 feet; engines, 1,500-horse power; speed, 12 knots an hour. The tanks are arranged fore and aft, with the ma- chinery and men’s quarters amidships. A longitudinal bulkhead divides the tank space in half, and three water-tight cross bulkheads, forward and aft, make twelve main tank divisions. To prevent the oll ide fees’ i : it