Evening Star Newspaper, April 23, 1898, Page 24

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1898—24 PAGES. PICTURESQUE CHINA Ever-Varying Scenery Along the Yang-tse-Kiang. ee The River Drains a Territory of Limitless Possibilities. OF - SHANGHAI SPLENDORS in the London Chronicle, scramble for China, Britain's place erests of herself and of the world Yang-tse valley. Even as it is, we jlominave the most magnificent, most virive territory in the world. There is noth- ing to be compared with it, not even upon the banks of the great rivers of America. It is 4 territery of illimitable possibilities, fo: titutes all that is best worth having in China. It is the richest in the empire, and with its undeveloped oppor- tunities the richest in the world. It is the tea xarden ef the historic tea country. It is the birthplace of the discovery of silk. I: cuts China in half, and it Is a belt mag- nt to the eye and jeweled with the t gems of commerce. “0 miles down to the gates of the “model settl-ment,” t of the far ¢ h be opulent vali iarg makes its stately way. stream, which waters a region of entrancing loveliness, is nature’s ready fer the produce of 700,00 square Alfred K In th in the is in t it the most wonderful soil in the Vhere are points at which it ex- into an inland sea, so that the trav- ck of one of the liners that con- ai and Hankew, may iook in banks that hedge this colossal Phen there are turns which sud- itch the voyager into a defile of rocks, quaintly jagged, shake hands, ore , over the dark able Seylla and runs the pent-in ring screw must with a will if the Almost Yang-tse-Kiang, It i a ve fiercely the slow. ybdis; and that racing w to be forced 3 it cl . the N disclose another sweep kly n wit great river is an ever-varying pan- orama, which day in and day out passes siowly before the eye. It is a river of sur- pr Far away ahead just where the sun shines the eye falls upon a patch, as it <eoms, of glinting, flashing molten silver Quivering around a dark object. The one you take to be a lake, the other accepted %= | miniature island in the lake; but in a little w the island is seen ‘distinctly to move, to be coming down in the line of Your course up the river, Just as Birnam Wood in the legend was seen moving upon Dunsinane. At the next turn of the bend ‘tm a strange sight presents it- farm, with rice stacks, cows—those queer he head of the hippopotamus stolid, reflective beasts—pigs plaiting wattles and women cooking or wash- river i Th foundation is a hug: rait floating village, probably two xtent has come, thus strangely ho ¢ produce. mass is got must 1 to th rich in pu gers ar or tot Hu. be si Raft, produc on their way down to wns like Hankow, Kiu- Nanking, or Chinkiang, or > whi entially native, filth of thousands. Wentth is a Crime. are numerous, and some of tiem from a trading as well as a Eu- roy of view, places of importance. & them there are long tracts of er ed country glorious in its uncultivated tation, which reclamation by the pioneer. It - to grow rice for the world. Wealth is a crime cultiva' to cultivate rice would ler the suspicion of the taoti himself to the “squeeze” of herer. So he remains poor that untaxed. That is political is taught” in China. ut Tientsin I was carried by an nent European resident into a native Was presented to a dismal indi- si in # squalid house, reeking of filth. informed me later that I had a subject of the emperor who wh sovereign thsehild. He simul ) escape the taot!, who, ed him and squeezed him ¢ » the income of « exchequer. It for sovereign ancellor r of taxa- native enterprise in ley of the Yang-tse ter part a glorious wilderne: sh Interests. ved by a visitor, however t may be, that at each of the to Tehang, British interests British influence in We hold three-fourths of isition held by the Eu- We have more; we the trade, and we have the enterprise and of the y SW per cent of the pop- say Our “go-downs” are four ber of the “go-downs” of all n residents combined. of the bund is four times great- ut of Germany and France h Russia thrown in. Our con he noblest in appearance; our res- verage is four-iifths of that of the e y. Gur system St; our reputation ale for fair de i we practically wo * river ports wi , in shi i challenged and an ancy in the Yang- ngltsh in its natural aspect en created by providence: theater of British sin of the Yang-tse Krang and the he bills of 1 lang ts the kKineh Kiang, which It passes from its and Yunnan 26 de- . We degrees It Hoopeh, Ngan-hoei, and joins the by an estuar: les across in 4 £. lis total *) miles, and degrees N., course is estimated at many parts it m wriggle i down to the or mud urrounded Shanghai 1 area of 100 miles with land. At tide runs up for 520 miles, int the river is navigable In the summer, after the ws have melted, it will rise feet, and has been known to and lower down for miles 2 Water twenty miles in width is marked on the map as dry Still a Potent Force. still a potent force in the Yang- although for years Great Brit- n steadily losing her ascend- x Cathay. It was her enter- her money, her blood ed China to trade; and by means ¥ ports she si 4 footing on 1,500 miles of it was Great Britain that first trade connection with China at all, and she has heid and developed the monop: 2ve years. But Germany and Russia have for years maintained secret ts in the different commercial centers hina. These gentlemen had no raison in the country. They sold nothing, Lough? nothing, did nothing. Yet they were at Shanghai, at Tientsin, at Hankow, and at Hong Kong. They were in “so- ciety.” Women found them agreeable; men found them entgmas. They dressed | well, spoke well, looked well, danced well. But no one understood thelr object in life be- yond living; and everyone distrusted them. They occasionally disappeared, returning after a discreet if mysterious absence, to live the old life anew. How has this check in the progress of Great Britain been brought about? It has been brought about partly by John Bull's conservatism, and partly by the natural expansion of the neighboring empires at home. But we must not forget that to us China has been and is still something of a greater Britain, for excepting in the matter of government, China, “in the matter of our commerce, of our established rights, of our vast invested wealth, and in the splendor of our mer- cantile palaces, our banks, our consulates, our churches, our factories, our public in- stitutions, our ornamental gardens, our clubs, our recreation grounds, and our pri- vate residences, is but another England in the Pacific. Wealth of Shanghai. For example, look at the stately wealth’ of Shanghai as you first see it on steaming up its harbor, crowded sometimes with 300 ships, mostly British. For fully a mile on the right bank the eye falls upon a succes- sion of noble buildings, all British, and all representative of British commerce. At one end stands the British consulate, buried in its own grounds; at the other end is the Shanghai Club, an establishment worthy, in its luxury, its management and its wealth, to vie with almost any club in London. Beyond these extremes lie the German compound, tucked away, so to speak, and the French compound; but how different! And yet the splendor of the Brit- ish settlement now by no means implies the splendor of our ascerdancy. And what is to be seen from the bund of Shanghat is to be seen also in almost equal majesty at Hankow, at Chefoo, at Canton, at Hong Kong. and only in proportional diminution at Chefoo, at Tientsin, and, in fact, at all the treaty ports. To put it in a nutshell, the British ascendancy in China has grown out of a capitalized British investment of not less than £300,000,000 sterling. The cen- ter of our interests lies undoubtedly in the central provinces of China. Shanghai, on the seaboard, and Hankow, 700 miles in- land ¢with all the treaty ports lying with- in that strip) are practically English towns. The entire German population might be deported in a single steamer with- out inconvenience to themselves or their fellow passengers. By the occupation of the Wu-Sung ports, the mainstay of our trade in China, from Chefoo to Hong Kong, and from the sea to the confluence of the Yalong Kiang and the Kin-Kiang, would be safe. We might then regard complacently Germany's “twelve-mile radius” at Kiao Chao aad leave Russia tranquilly to re- je‘ce in the sterile comfort of Port Arthur, for we should then dominate the most mag- nificent territory under the eastern sun. ———_-e+____ PROFITS AT MONTE CARLO. Enorm s Income Indicated by rice of the Franchi: Frem the London Mail. One can form some idea of the enormous profits made by the gambling hell at Monte Carlo by studying the terms on which the Prince of Monaco has granted a prolonga- tien of the concession under which this in- famous establishment exists. The present ession expires in 1913, but the share- think it wise to secure a further concession before that date. The terms, which were presented and ratified the oth- er day e as follows: ‘The £50,000 for the conce: 000 allowed for the expen: ernment of the principalit tirued, together with the allowances for public works, lighting, maintenance of the pstitutions, etc., amounting in all to anoth- In addi- the Casino Company undertakes to over immediately to the prince in hard sum of £400,000, and further to the ion, plus £20,- e e€on- er £50,000 or £60,000 per annum. tion, spend £20,000 upon public works in the shape of opening up new avenues and streets in parts of the principality ind!- ated by the prince, to spend £80,000 in the censtruction of a new theater and opera ho this to be completed in time for the exhibition of 10; to hand over to the manager of the thealer of Monte Carlo £1,000 for cach performance, this sum to be spent exclusively in the payment of special artists, the company to furthe the cost of the chorus, orchestra seenery. Finally, the company unde to pay over to the prince in cash £600,000 In r 1913, which was the date of the ‘ation of the old contract granted by ate Prince Charles I. Casino Company is, therefore, called vpon to find an additional sum of £1,280,000 (without counting the grant to the manager of the theater) as the price of the new concession. The prince also insists upon having, in future a direct voice in the management of the concern. He is to be ecnsulted in the appointment of both the Teenager and directors of the Casino Com- pany; he is to have the right to nominate the manager of the theater; to be consult- ed in the engagement of the artists and the chef d’orchestre, and, most important of all, he is to bave control of the “publicity” Gepartment. The company spends about £25,000 in “squaring” the continental press and purchasing its benevolent neutrality in the matter of gambling. The prince in- sists upon his right to issue to these jour- nals which are in the pay of the concern such notes and paragraphs as he may think proper. AN ENGLISH VIEV How the New Poet Laureate of Eng- land is Held in Britain, From the London Saturday Review. If an arrangement could be made with the treasury by which, on the stipulation that he should write no verse whatever, the id of the poet laureate could be dou- we believe that it would be hailed as an economy. We are very sorry for Mr. Alfred Austin, for whom we have a weak- ness. He is a gentleman, a patriot, and a kind-hearted man; when he was placed in his present false position we hoped that common sense would make him adroit and careful. He ts no poet, of cours et men of even smaller gifts could steer their course with safety by the exercise of tact and humor. But of these the laureate bas not a trace. In the ocean of inane public utterances his dreadful ballad of ‘“Jame- son’s Ride"’ stands up, a Teneriffe of tact- lessness, the worst literary blunder of the age. This week, when all the world is so touchy, Mr. Austin circulates to the morn- ing papers an ode called “A Votce From the We * in which he treats America with the sort of unconscious patronuge by which he drove Mr. William Watson wild In gra- clously beckoning him up the slopes of Par- nassus The misfortune is that Mr. Alfred Austin hus never become known in America, and since his appointment his name has’ been greeted with a great deal of rather Ill-bred chaff in New York and Boston. ‘The Amer- icans are not aware of those genuine qual ties of and heart whica he possess They will not appreciate being told that they are “lords of a strong young land and we are lords of the main.” The habit of employing richly figurative speech is often abused in the United States; we feel a melancholy certainty that it was abused when “A Voice From the West” (which 1s surely a geographical blunder, as Mr. Aus- un not singing from Japan) was _re- printed. Nor can English e; have done at this foolisn, less than redden and ting! second-hand bunkum about the “sons of the self-sume race, and blood of the self- ame clan,” about “loyally loving and trust- ing each other,” about “the tale of an an- cient wrong,” and all the rest of the rheto- This stuff, so tame, so trite, so false, sO tuneless as verse,.so parochial in man- ner, is likely to do no more than remind us, with a sigh of regret, how dignified and weighty were the rare utterances on such occasions made by the great Alfred who reigned last In the law ———— Big Pleces of String. From the Boston Tra: eller. The largest cable of moflern times is the manila hawser which was used to tow the drydock to Havana. It ts twenty-three inches in circumference, but it is by no means the largest that ever has been made, although it has the reputation of breaking the records! There are at least two others of a great- er circumference, but both older. One of these had a circumference of twenty-three hes, and was used for the pu of anchoring the ship North Carolina in the pavy yard at Brooklyn, while the other Was a 24-inch hawser which was used as a sheet-anchor cable on the Tennessee when she was stationed in the Mediterran- ean in the sixties. Such an enormous rope was naturally found to be unwieldy, a fact which was abundantly demonstrated when the vessel encountered a storm in the Bay of Naples. When the Tennessee returned to her native home in America the hawser was sent to Uspeakum mills and made into oakum, LIMIT HAS BEEN REACHED Naval Experts Gan Go No Farther Along Some Lines. Exigencies of War Are Likely to De- velop Some Surprises—Use of Submarine Boats. From the Engineering News. A memorable naval battle In Hampton Roads, on March 9, 1862, practically revo- lutionized the building of warships through- out the world; for though the French ship La Gloire had been launched two years previously, with four and a half inches of roiled iron plates on a heavy weod backing, the struggle between the Monitor and the Merrimac was the first actual combat be- tween armcred ships. The previous de- struction of wooden warships by ihe con- federate ironclad proved io the world that the Icng boasted “wooden walls” were powerless in the face of an adversary of that class, and England, Franee and other nations at once began that struggle be- tween armor piate and zuns that resulted in the present wonderful develep- ment and power of ships of war. Many failures marked the path of this advance; and while there has only been one actual naval battle between fleets of molern war vessels, that of the Japan-Chinzse war, is it not ble that che jimit has about been ri in the ouildiag and armemert of these terrible engines of war? ‘The ‘is- piacement of these ships has reached 14.00 tons and more; 18 inches of a high quality of solid steel armor protect the vital parts; guns of 13-inch caliber throw projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 00 feet per second; high explosives are employ in shells and torpedoes, and engines of 10,000 horse power give these heavy hulls a speed of 17 knots or more. Guns and ammunition are now so iueavy that machinery must he employed for handling them, and electric pewer and electric light find place in the equipment along with many minor applica tiens of the latest development of the vience of war. Even with all the advance in the treatment of materials and the re- sultant cheapening of the product, the cost of these ships is now enorrnous, as is shown by the fact that within the last thirty days three great nations have appropriated $240 000,000 to be expended upon their navies. To Meet the Emergency. The exigencies of the civil war produced the Monitor and the Merrimac, and un- doubtedly hastened, if they did not compel, the changes in the building and arming of varships which have taken place within the thirty odd years. It would be + be last strange coincidence if a somewhat similar emergency should now bring about an American development of another type of vessel that would destroy these same great battle ships, and stop the expenditure of money upon them from mere commercial considerations. The advent of a thorough- manageable submarine torpedo boat, fit- ted for operating in comparatively deep water and capable of effectively delivering torpedoes or dynamite projectiles, will set- tie the question of battle ship attack upon -the ports of a country. The certainty of destruction would be so great that no na- tion could afford to invest five or six mil- lions in an armored battle’ ship that may be sunk by a vessel costing so little that a fieet of a hundred of them could probably be built for the price of one battle ship. The idea itself is as old as the days of James I of England; and late experiments by France, Spain and Germany have been failure: But we again have faith in the same American inventiv genius that caused such an of methods, fol- lowing the events and late trials with the Holland submarine torpedo boat would seem to warrant this presumption. The inventor of today has great adva: over his s, in impro’ of cor compressed air, storage batteri-s and gasoline fuel for sur- face work; a while the problem is many- sided and ¢ t, it is by no means im- flic sible of solution, and an urgent demand the services of such a vessel would mean its ultimate successful development. lution in Naval Warfare. What a revolution in naval warfare such a craft would bring about. It would prac- tically abolish three of the most advanced types of warships, the battle ships, the tor- pedo poat and the torpedo boat destroyer. The first of these brought out the second as 4 means of attack upon the battle ships of the enemy; and the third was introduced as a defense measure against the second. The fast, lightly armored cruiser would probably be left, as a commerce defender, but against this type of ship the torpedo is practically useless, hence there would be practically no further use for torpedo boats. It is difficult to see what measure of defense could be advised against such at urseen submarine, but powerful enemy; and to find and attack this under-water craft with another vessel of the same type would be practically impossible and add an acditional element of terror to a warfare that is terrible enough as it is. The EKol- nd beat is intended not only for aitack upon tae hull of a ship by automobile tor- pedoes, but she is fitted to hurl i projectiles both above and from b face. She has thus three separate ans of attack, and a successful hit by any one of these projectiles would mean the certain sinking of the vessel attacked. The great vaiue of submarine boats as a means of defense would be their cheapues and rapldity of construction, and the abil ty to thus attack {n a swarm, with the chance of escape for the enemy corres- pendingly small. But if battle ships cun- not attack a fortified port, cruisers cer- tainly could not, and submarine torpedoes or short-range dynamite projectiles would be useless against land works armed with modern high-power guns. ‘This assumption would confine naval battles between heavy ships to the high seas, and from a political point of view the result of such a battle would be valueless; and the submarine boat might even be so developed as to enter into a combat ef that nature by being carried to the vicinity of the scene of combat on the battle ship. So it may again be said that the man who invents and builds a workable submarine torpedo boat will as surely drive the battle ships and their de- pendents from.the naval lists of the world as the advent of armor-clads and rifled guns made useless the ships of Nelson's time. +o+- Salmon Fishing in Maine. From the Lewiston Journal, The ice in the river often plays cruel tricks upon the Verona fishermen who build their weirs early to entrap the $1.2 salmon, only to have their structures smashed down by the big floes, and the hard, cold labor of many days spoiled in a moment. This spring the old Penobscot has been kind, and the ice has passed down in small installments gently, so that the opening of the season finds some half a dozen of the Verona experts ready for business. The “hedges” have been up for several days, and in a few hours after midnight the “marline,” as the netting of the “pound” or trap is called, was put in place, and everything is in readiness for the silver- sided straggler who swims too near the shore. When a single fish will fetch from $25 to $40, it is small wonder that the hardy fisherman makes an effort to get him. The $1.25 and $1 rates, however, hold but a short time, and a catch of half a dozen fish will drop prices to 75, 60 and 50 cents, at which figure it rules until the Nova Scotia fish come in competition. Then the slide continues, with a slight brace before the Fourth of July, until the close of the sea- son, when a silver dollar will buy a good fish at the weirs and $2 one packed in ice ready for shipment. The fishermen on the Penobscot are par- ticularly anxious for a good salmon season to offset the dismal failure of the smelt fishing during the winter. The little fish have run only in small and_ scattering schools, and the catchers have made hardly enough to pay for the wear and tear of their outfits, to say nothing of day and night work in the severest of many win- ters. © On many nights fishing had to be aban- doned, as the nets froze as fast as they came ‘out of the water, and the meshes snapped like thread. ——_+0+—___ Bonding Conductors. The conductors of the’ Lynn and Boston trolley of Boston are required to find two bondsmen for $150 each, or, $800 in all, to insure their good faith with the company, RANDOM VERSE. 7 The Heart of Spain. ‘The Beenish heart revoiding Bue same as in the vs yore, No sufering ‘can’ softef it}.nor fow of human gore: 5 For ccncentrados, hetpftsé made, no pity can it foe: ait + For starving -bild and-mother that heart is cold ‘as steel. i & a3 On the paths of humage:-fegting the world doth march along, a And softer grows. the hymanzheart, and less grows aman wrong, 32 But lags behiad the Spgitard) The cruel heart of Spain Remains the same as_wheg with blood red ran the ‘Spanish main. a As cruel and as treactifrous Ys now that Spanish As when, like now, t1 (thys Jyng gone, it took its In bloodshed and in buféhery! with endless demon sont e's’ the walt of child dhlé not for one short hour abate. : Yes, cae that heart fs pltiless—no pity can it eel— Tt deals death to the helpless by starvation and by steel, And to the strong deals treachery—it from their sleep awoke Our brave men of the Maine to die by Spanish coward stroke. A stroke 40 vile and flendish the world with horror cried And wept for those who sleeping lay, when b; Spain's sin they died, a And loudly called tor vegeance that Spanish sotl would shake, TIN every Spanish fiend recall the haif-forgotten Drake. > Now doth a neighboring nation that for long, long years has borne Deep’ sorrow for poor Cuba's sons its own -with sorrow mourn, pd above that He His guidance And as it prays to send, It hears His answer calling back—to Spain's rule put an end. Oh! Cuba, blood-dyed Cuba, now shall thy bleeding cea A nation thet takes God for guide now says there shall be peace: ‘That the blood-thirsty Spaniard shall leave thy fertile shore ‘That on this side the ocean vile Spain shall rule no more. R. Burrage in the Indianapolis News. === — The Flag Goes By Hats off! Along the street there comes A blare of bugles, 2 ruffle of drums, A flash of color beneath the sky; Hats off! ‘The tag Is passing by. Blue and crf nson and white It shines, . Over the steel-tipped ordered lines, Hats off! ‘The-colors before us fly; But more thay the flag 1s passing by. Sea fights and land fights, grim an: Fought to make und to save the st Weary marches, and sinking ships; Cheers of victery on dying lips. great, s Days of plenty and days’ of peace: March of a strong land's switt in Equal justice, right and law, Stately honor and reverent awe. n of a Nation, great and strong ‘To ward her veople from foreign wrongs Pride and glory and honor, all Live in the colors to stand or fall. Hats off! Along the street there comes A Dlure of bugles, a ruffle of drums; And loyal hearts ‘#te beating high; Hats off! ‘The flag is passing by! —H. H. Ben Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin. we have gathered together cur battle ships ear and far; ‘Their decks they are cleared for action, thelr guns they are primed for War. From the east and the (West there is hurry; in the north and the south a peal Of hammers in fort and, slifiyard and the clamor and cling of steel; And the rush and roar ¢f etigfines, aud clanking of in thé © of God! ely and found wanting, eilss wanting, ain! Behold, 1 hay Was wri “She is welgh the bak alance T the mountains, and this cales and found wanting, ae anting, on high! nce weighed Babylon, the Mother . in; e holds thy puide aul power and empire sotten of sit, Heavy with woe aud .itortun thous: The the crimes of a Mor with fire and blood In th r rey; « blade with ever # : tain, od Is laid the Sword of Libértya and the balance dt O Spait he" 94 Summon thy vessels tdgethed! great 19 thy need for Christobal Colon, -Videwya, Oquendo and Maria Therese. 3 ied Let thein be mzong and many, for a vision 1 had by might, > That the anctent w#ongs thom hast done the world came howling.to the fight; From the New World stores they gathered, Inca ro tt Azter alatn, ‘0 the Cubun shot ‘but "yesterday, and our own dead seamen, Spain!» : i Summon thy ships together, For a strong young nation hath kuewn defeat! Summon thy slips together, there on thy blood- ._ Stained sands! For a shadowy army gathers with manacled feet and hands, A shadot LY best, pt sorrows and of shames, too auch ¥ drag Myriad phantoms gather a mighty fleet? is arming that never their horrible wounds for thee down to hell; nd specters, thou warrest sand found wanting, . O Spain. fn Louisville Courter Journal. coos Answering to Roll Call. This one fought with Jackson and faced the fight with Lee; . That one followed Shernian as he galloped to the ea, .But they're mirching on together just as friendly as can be, And they'll answer to the roll call in the mornin’! They'll rally to the fight, In the storiny day and night, ids that no cruel fate shall sever; While the storm-winds waft on high Their ringing battle-crs; “Our country—our country forever: The brave old flag above them 18 rippling down tts ed— ; Each crimson stripe the emblem of the blood by It shall waveter them i 4700 rn forthe: orto r then yey fer them vietortous or droop above For they'll answer to the roll call in the mornin’! They'll rally to the fight, In the storiny day “and night, - Tn bonds that no cruel fite shall severy » While the far-famed battle ery ug Still go ringing to the sky; ‘Our country—our country forever!"? FRANK L, STANTON. See Re Ae The Warrior of the Q. M. D. From thé Denver Evening Post. Back in tho days of Sixty-one his antomatic In sharp demands for blopdy war with energy was vung; He ached to ambi real le to the front, a deadly gun in And with’ the toeman’, bi southern Jand, "> "way gore baptize the And when at lust the summous came for men to do and die He found his stack of courage chips was quite a number aby, But well be played bis warlike hand—he had a pull, you see— And got a proud position in the Q M. D, . All through the long 3 se 3 $nd_,ploody war he stood And dealt ont clothing’ ahi 1 ana uM host, ing bi, Hip les unto the bat: tis ough the ie And iauen the roar dfcapjions from a distance His actions demoustrajga Yat he never felt a fear. He was a sinew of the sfir}{ powerful one, too, For if he gave not iy ; i it he £ave not gry ta,phem what could the And thug bo battled foffdhe cause with true fidel- Right at his post of honor in. the OF @. are And when the bloody War"Was o'er back to his home he came, TA Upon his commissary btow2the laurel wreath of fame, 2 And since’tn every great payade he 1s on hand, of Tse, tn Dressed in’the finest ubifora and on the tallest ._ horse. Yo ab Upon him every eye tsibenbuwith bright admiring lance 2 tw : gl As with the gleaming spurs he makes bis charger py Short and prance, While in the rear the boys who marched with Sherman to the sea Keep step and yuy the hero of the M. = D. Now ‘once again his ears engulf the sounds of war, And = again bis fearless voice is crying out for And once again he'd ratse his. th. cow taal m2 ed ratse his arm wi rage And dish my % : to the be dish up coffee, beans and things unto the boss ‘Amid. Lae scommissary gtores, by patriot’ valor He'd ‘slice up bacon for the boys with trusty, - ming blad For that is Wai endugh for him, Just ts him to ‘This non-blood-spilling warrior of the ; HER NATURAL RESOURCES Cuba Possesses Great Wealth in Soil and Climate. Tremendous Prosperity is Sure When Pence Reigns Again—Rich im Minerals—Fine Forests. From the Chicago Tin ¢s-Herald. Now that Cuba is assured of her freedom it may be interesting to inquire into the resources of the country and ask what may be her prospects for prosperity when she is no longer restrained and overtaxed by the greedy government of Spain. The area of Cuba is about 42,000 square miles. Its greatest length is 760 miles and its breadth ranges from 20 to 135 miles. Perhaps there is no space of earth the equal in size to Cuba that can begin to compare with her in the production of those things that are useful to man. Antonio y Morales, a noted authority, has prepared a table showing the variety and quantities of the staples that can be raised on a tract of thirty- three acres in Cuba. A farm of that size in one year produces thousands of pounds of sugar, coffee, tobacco, cacao (chocolate), cctton, indigo, corn, rice, sage, bananas and yucca. The choicest lands of Califor- nia—noted for the variety and quantity of their products—cannot approach the soil of Cuba in this respect. With its mild cli- mate, its exuberant vegetation and the eagerness of the earth to respond to the slightest efforts in the way of culture, Cuba offers an ideal home for the man in love with the agricultural life. The commerce of Cuba, even under the blighting rule of the Spaniard, has been great. In 1893, before the curse of war fell on the island, Cuba exported 715,204 tons of sugar and preduced 815,594 tons. Its ex- ports of molasses to the United States alone in that year were 7,654 hogsheads. Of rum the exports were 9,308 pipes. in 1893 the Cuban exports of leaf tobacco were 227,865 bales. Of manufactured ci- gars 147,365,000 were exported and of ci- garettes 39,581,493 packages. These are only the main exports. They show what may be done with the exhaustless soil and climate of the island when its people were in a condition of virtual slavery at a time when chattel slavery had been abolished only seven years. It is an axiom of eco- nomic science that free labor is indefinitely more productive than slave labor, and the industrial growth of the United States is an example of the expansion of industry when enterprise is unhampered by the curse of slavery and by foreign political interference. Cuba's chief industries were growing in spite of the drain upon her be- fore the present war began, for in 1804 her total production of sugar was 1,054,214 tons, an increase of 238,320 tons over the pre- ceding year. Infinite in Variety. The natural resources of Cuba are infinite, one may say, in variety. Of her area only 10 per cent is under cultivation, 7 per cent is not reclaimed and 4 per cent is under forests Great tracts of land are practical- ly unexplored. She had in 1504 a popula- tion of a little more than 1,500,000. Of these nearly one-third have been tarved to death during present war. Cuba could support in plenty a population of 10,000,000, Her forests are stocked with the finest wood in the world—wood, several species of which are as hard as iron, turning the edge of the ax and remaining imperishal under water. There are found woods i valuable for the dye industry, ebony, ncewood, mahogany, of palm. Her fruits are and little cultivated. Tie ‘ably suited for the olive, nge The mineral resour of the island are great, yet the mineral industries are in their infancy. Almost all the metals are found in Cuba. There are gold, silver, mercury, copper, lead and all the forms of asphaltum; antimony, magnesia, copperas, gypsum, red lead, ochre, salt, arsenic, tale and many others. Copper is abundant in all the metamorphic rocks of Cuba. It is true that coal is yet undiscovered, bat Under a free republic capital would flow inte the island and there is no doubt that true coal would soon be found to replace the bitumen that is now used and which is found in springs and mines in great quantities. Mineral Wealth. Cuba is rich in marble, awaiting the cap- ital of the speculator. Great deposits of this rock are found, and In the Isle of Pines there is marble of a quality as fine as the best of that material used by the sculptor. Beautifully colored marble and jasper are common. On the coasts are im- mense deposits of rock salt, and there are also unlimited quantities of the purest white sand, capable of being converted into fine earthenware. Even the illustrious Humboldt was amazed at the richness and variety of the mineral wealth of Cuba. How much of this wealth has been utilized may be gathered from the fact that at the.end of 1891 the total number of mining titles issued in Santiago district was 2v6. Of these 138 were iron, 88 manganese and 53 copper. As a pastoral country Cuba was more productive a century ago than she is now, but her pastures are broad and rich and the possibilities are unlimited. Cuba, with her grand natural pastures, was just be- ginning to raise fine Durham and Devon- shire stock when the ten-year war deso- lated the country and put a stop to the in- dustry, The millions of acres of free land in Cuba are ready for the agriculturist, the cattle, sheep and hog raiser, the cot- ton and fruit grower, the miner and the re- ducing plant, and even for the silk grower and manufacturer. The mulberry tree grows to perfection in the island. Silk- worms, according to Dr. Auber, are more prolific and productive in Cuba than in any other country on the face of the globe. Here is a land prepared to yield up utilities that will add immeasurably to the happi- ness of the world; awaiting to blossom into a garden and Swarm with population; to develop almost every art of peace; to be converted into an industrial microcosm in the ocosm of the world at large. Cuba is waitirg the hour when the capitalist, assured of peace and uninterrupted growth, may safely enter and reap the harvest which nature has prepared for man in the misruled, throttled and neglected Pearl of the Antilles, INDIA’S VICEROY. ‘The Position is One of Splendor, Great Emoluments and Power. From the New York Tribune. Of all the offices in the gift of the British crown, there is none of greater splendor, dignity and emolument than that of vic3- roy of India, which is now about to become vacant by the retirement of the Earl of El- gin. Indeed, the pomp and magnificence by which he ig surrounded fs superior even to that of his sovereign, Queen Victoria, and her children; there is not one of the latter whose trappings of royalty do not pale into insignificance when compared with those of the viceroy of India. The English people, so niggardly with regard to th> civil list of the reigning family at home, spend money with a most lavish hand in maintaining the viceroy in such a manner as to impress the immense populatio: of British India, which numbers 250,000,000 inhabitants, with a duc sense of the wealth and grandeur of the British empire. The salary and allowances of th> viceroy considerably exceed $500,000 a year, besides which the government de- frays the expenses of an 2normous court and household, as well as of a regiment of body guards. Yet, in spite of this, every viceroy of In- dia in modern times has returned home at the conclusion of his t2rm of office a dis- tinctly poorer man than at the moment of his appointment. English officials, although generously paid, rarely attempt to econo- mize on their salaries and allowances. They regard the latter as a speci2s of trust, as money confided to them for the purpose of maintaining their office with a certain amount of dignity and luxury, and hold that to divert the funds from the purpose for which they were grant>d would consti- tute a distinct breach of confidence and a ree ee ing illustration ot peculiarity - lish officials could be cited than that of Lord Duffe: who after holding in turn the offices of viceroy of India, of governor general of Canada and of ambassador at Kome, St. Petersburg, Constantinople and Paris, all most lucrative offices, has now, Hat the age of seventy, retired a poor man, leach other an accidental ki and dependent to a great extent on the pension of $8,000 per annum to which he is entitled a3 an ex-ambassador. Like the queen, the viceroy of India has a cabinet, ard not only a cabinet, but also @ species of parliament in the shape of the so-called legislative council. But the la’ ter has nothing like the power of the Eng- lish parliament, with which it has little in cemmon; and the comsequence is that the members of the viceroy’s cabinet are mere advisers and heads of their respective de- partments, with practically no power or authority to oppose the policy of the vice- rey. .. The viceroy’s rank is so high, as the direct representative of the queen-empress, that he takes precedence of everybody else in India—even of the members of the royal family. Thus, when the Duke and Duchess of Connaucht were in India they were com- pelled everywhere to yield the pas to the Viceroy on all occasions, although the duke ts the favorite son of the queen, and his duchess a princess of the reigning house of Prussia. The viceroy is ex-officio grand master of the Star of India and of the other Indian orders, and shares with the viceroy of Ireland the right of conferring knighthood upon people, who from that time forth are able io prefix “Sir” to their Christian names. : In the event of any emergency, of which the viceroy himself is permitted to be the judge, he cun suddenly, and without any other authority, suspend all extsting laws and assume the most despotic powers, against the misuse of which there is but one remedy or redress—namely, impeach- ment in parliament. Precisely the same honors are pail to the viceroy as if he were a full-fledged sovereign; that is to say, he is addressed us “Sir,” no matter what his rank in the peerage may be, while all men, and even women, rise when he enters a room, and no one dreams of taking a seat in his pres- ence until he has requested him to do so. Women courtesy before him as if ig th Presence of the sovereign, end he never Moves out of doors without being attended by gentlemen-in-waiting, by aids-de-camp and by a large escort of body guards. At the conclusion of his term of office he invariably receives a step of promotion in the peerage. His winter residence is a superb palace at Calcutta, while during six mcnths of the year he makes his home in the mountain districts of Simla, transport- ing not only his entire court, but also all the chief offices and departments of state thither from Calcutta. - A WONDERF L ESCAPE, Jaguar and Puma Fight Over a Baby and Finally Forget It. Frem the Philadelphia Times. “In the Guarico country, at a village called Paraya, near the Merida trail, I saw an Indian named Jose Lobado whose face and head were deeply scarred and whose body was a network of similar scars from wounds received through being carried away by a jaguar when an infant in arms. Of course he could not remember the oc- currence, but his mother, who had res-ued him, described it to me. She had gone to a mata, or wooded spot, on the pampas for firewoud, carrying her child, after the fashion of Venezuelan women ‘of humble station, in a shawl looped from her shoul- der. This shawl with the small boy in it she slung to 9 low tree branch whil gathered her bundle of sticks, and she did not percelve the approach of a jaguar until he had seized the child and was carrying The mother grasped her mac and rin after the jaguar, shrieking. § managed to keep the beast in sight, but he was rapidly getting beyond her view when suddenly the jaguar stopped, put the ch down and, bristling for fight, stood with his forepaws resting upon it. Then the mother saw that a puma w fronting the jaguar. She hurried on to where the two beasts faced each oth growling and snarling. Before she got to them the puma sprang, and at once the two were fighting fer y above th hild. In the struggle the child was rolled to one side, but before the mother could get to it the Jaguar broke away from the puma, and, springing to the boy again, crouched with his paws above him as before. puma leaped again and the fight w newed, but again the jaguar got clear and jumped to guard his prey before the mothe could get a chance to snatch her ch‘ Once more the puma attacked his foe. this time as the beasts struggled and tore ck from one cf vay, al- them sent the boy twent most to the mother’s feet. tching him up, she ran for home got safe to the house. The boy, though covered with claw wounds from head to foot and bearing deep marks of the jaguar’s teeth in the back, where the beast had seized him to carry him away, recovered completely from his injuries, although bearing the scars for his Hfetime. The puma and the jaguar were found, both dead, at the place where they had fought. ee THE FRIGATE BIRD. It Lives fn the Upper Air Upon the Wing. From the New York Herald. The frigate bird is endowed with magni- ficent powers of flight. His wings stretch to an expanse 6f about ten cr tweive feet: his boy is about three feet in length; his Lill is very powerful, and his feet are web- Led, bat very small; but for these he has but little use, as his home is in the al hundreds of leagues away from the !and. He fs seen soaring high above tho ocean; but on its bosom he never rests. When he seeks repose he finds it aloft. His foot rarely touches land, except at the titae for pairing, making nests and rearing young. ‘The expanse of his wing is so great and his body is so light that he can soar with litue or no exertioa. Still, it is difficult to see how this would erable him actuaily to sleep on the wing, as it is believed he does. A closer examination shows, however, that his bones are hellow, and’that thera is a large pouch communicating with his lungs and with the cavities in the bones. This pouch he can inflate with air, and thus render himseif buoyant; the sustain- ing power thus acquired, added to that of the wings, is sufficient to keep him up. If his home in the air, if he neither dives into the sca for fish nor searches on the land for other food, whence does he derive his sustenance? Impelled by hunger, he descends from the lofty regions where it is his delight to dwell. Whether the sea be rough or calm, he glides along over the water, and any unwary fish approaching the surface is pounced upon instantly and swallowed. But the bird has other resources; though hs cannot dive into the sea to catel fish, he avails himself of the labors of birds that can. He watches one of them; sees it come out of the water and fly off with its prey. At once the frigate bird is down upon him with a swoop of terrific velocity. The frightened diver drops his fish in mid- air; the frigate bird poises himself again, darts down with another swoop, and seizes the fish ere it reaches the water. —~——_+e-+___ A Dog Who Could Count. From Lippincott’s. In the instance about to be given, I think that the dog evinced an abstract idea of numbers, or else showed phenomenal pow- ers of observation and discrimination. The animal in question, a high-bred collie, re- ceived an injury a year or so ago through which she became permanently and totally blind. Recently she gave birth to a litter of six puppies, all of which were uniform in size and in markings. Immediately after the birth of the puppies the dog’s owner had mother and young removed from the dark cellar in which they then were and carried to a warm and well-ventilated room in his stables. In the darkness of the cel- lar one of the puppies was overlooked and left behind. As soon as the mother entered the box in which her young had been plac- ed, she proceeded to examine them, nosing them about and licking them. Suddenly she appeared to become-very much dis- turbed about something; she jumped out of the box and then jumped back again, nos- ing the puppies as before. Again she jumped from the box and then made her way toward the cellar, followed by. her as- tonished owner, who had begun to have an inkling as to what disturbed her. She had counted her young ones, and had discov- ered that one had been left behind. Sure enough, the abandoned puppy was soon found and carried in triumph to the new home. gentleman at this So astonished was the blind creature's intelligence that he resolv- ed to experiment further. He removed an- other puppy and held it in his arms. It ‘was not long before the blind mother show- ed her distress so plainly ‘that her lost one was restored to her, wn in the box and gave herself function of maternity, 23 WHEN THE SAP RUNS ee ak Marks the End of the Farmer's Winter Holiday, a A Season of Delight for Every Country Boy. ALL IS ACTIVITY IN CAMP ee ee From the New York Mail and Express This now is the end of the farmer's holl- dey. The holiday in the country bee with the first fall of snow, and it lasts unt the warm days of spring time stort the sap in the maples and send it on its trregu way through all the veins and arteries of the trees. The farmer who has a sugar bush on his farm row is out with his men preparing to add to his income by the man- ufacture of the syrup and sugar that have been both the delight and the sorrow of any a countfy boy and girl, causing many an ache and pain that only Jamaica ginger and hot bandages could cure. For at least one season of the r the country boy who lives in the part of the world whe maple trees flourish indul in all the Sweets that he possibly can crave. does not need now to envy the city t who can obtain from the store around th corner all sorts of confections that ave put up in a form to tempt and to entice. G ly now would the city boy change plac with his country cou: for the high skill of the confectioner cannot prov anything to equal the jack wax, th syrup or the grained sugar of the bush. When the snow melt and ¢ days m spring b the owner of the sugar bush siarts out for the spring harvesting. From se hidden recess on the farm the old stone boat ts drawn int usefulness after a winter of idlexe:s, Th horses are hitched to it, augers are sharp- ened and the journey to the sugar house is begun. Away back in the woods 1s a rua, generally tumbled-down log shanty, that for at least ten or eleven months of tho year is the resting place for coons or foxes, Here are stored the wooden sap buckets, or Perhaps the tin ones, whichever the Yarmer uses, y 2a. s ne hot In the Sagar Ca In the old days it was the w and the wooden spout helped to destroy the s arb cour oden bucket but progress has ntiment of the sug- sh just as it has moved in the sama m many another direction. Now galvanized iron or bright tin pails are used and galvanized iron spouts have taken the places of the old, home-made wooden spout. A pile of pails 1s loaded onto the low stone boat and the work of tapping the trees is begun. Some four fect from the ground a half-inch hole is bored se inches into the tree. Into the hole is driven and just below it is fast bucket into which t Dis ext r Then begins the drip, steady and regular, if the weather proper sort. While the sweet drops ing the farmer end his men are bu in the sugar house or in the woods getti cut fuel for the big fires that must soon be started and kept geing until the sap has turned from sweet to bi and also put- ting in st fron pana in Which down inte ugar. many new- ngled ions that are used in the boiling down of the sap to syrup and from rup to sugar, but the sugar is no sw nd no better than it was long before e into use. ing the Sap. rally Kept one man busy to look after the firs. The old fireplace of neces- sity had to be fifteen or twenty feet long, and over it rested the big pans in whic the sap in Its various stages of transforma- tion into sugar steamed and bubbled. There used to be three pans—one for each stage of the process. First came the pan into which the sap originaliy went. Here it was boiled until it reached a certain con- dition, which was known to the sugar maker. Next to it was another pan where the boiling process was carried on until the sap had developed into a liquid form bordering on that which is served in res- taurants as genuine maple syrup, and next it reached the third and last stage. It is here that the pleasures of the sugar bush are most appreciated. When the syrup reaches the last pan it is pt any hours before it can be made into jack wax or grained, It is then that the town folk find the farmer s9 popular. The old hotel sleigh which will carry from twenty to thirty of the boys and girls of the town is pressed into service. To it are harnessed four or six horses, and with much biowing of horns, wild laughter and jollity an inva- sion of the sugar bush is made. Perhaps the sleigh may be overturned once or t on the way, for in this season of the year the roads are not of the best: perhaps a horse may stumble and fall. Still no one cares. Animal spirits are the novelty at a high pitch and of the journey keeps all in a go0d humor. It may be that the farmer is taken unawares, and if so there is much scurrying on his part when the distant sounds of the horns announce the coming of @ sugar party for pans and forks and clean snow for the gsugaring off. More wood is put upon theffres and the sap that is nearing the sugaring point is hurried on. A Sugaring-of Party. The men go out to the remaining snow drifts and fill their ten-quart pans with snow, packing it down as hard as possible. The young women, and the old women, too, for that matter, in the meantime bring out Pickles and sandwiches and take possession of the camp. Pickles, by the way, are as essential to a sugaring-off party as the syrup itself. When all is ready the pans of snow are placed on convenient laps, the farmer and his men with copper dippers filed with the red-hot, boiling, seething syrup go from one person to another, pour- ing the liquid over the snow. It soon hard- ens and becomes brittle. There are merry tmes around the old camp then. The sparks from the fire sputter vigorously un- der the effort to make their presence known, the air is heavy wen J the odor of boiling syrup and rning green wood: care for the time being is aban- dened, and every one gives up to the fun of the momcnt. But when the merry visit- ors have gone and the noise of the sing- ing and blatant tones of the horns have died away in the distance comes what to many minds is the enjoyable part of life in a sugar bush. The night watcher over the boiling pans sits silent and alone, possibly pulling stead- ily at his strong, black pipe, and hears the music of sugar-ladened drops as they fall from the spout into the buckeis. All around him is the music of the drops. Some tingle with the sound of a distant con- vent bell calling to early prayers, while others fall with a deep resounding tom Nearly every note of the chromatic scale is struck, depending entirely for its loc&tion on the depth of the water in the bucket. Scmetimes the weather grows too cold at night for the sap to run, and then the farmer is glad, because the sap wiil run lcnger and better. He looks for warm days and freezing nights to bring out the sweetest sap. + eee -—__ The Bulldog as a BYsherman. From the Duluth News-Tritwas, One day Clyde Scott end his dog Styx were playing on the banks of Stillwater creek, when suddenly Styx stood at atten- tion and then made a mad dash into tho water and grabbed a large fish in his teeth. The fish and the dog fought for fully five mivutes, the fish getting away from his captor twice. Scott encouraged Styx by shouting at him to hold on, and finally the dog crawled out of the water With the fish