Evening Star Newspaper, February 19, 1898, Page 19

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1898-24 PAGES. Indians Who Appreciated the Virtues of Cleanliness, AN ANCIENT COSTOM WITH THE TRIBE They Have Drifted Away From Their Earlier Ideals. > —— \OUGH NOWADAYS ———— DIRTY Written for The Evening Star. HE N’HLA-KAP- | muh Indians of the interior of British Columbia haye sweat houses and indulge in a treat somewhat similar to our Turk- ish bath. When one sees the large num- ber of these sweat houses and learns of the traditional sea! baths on the coast, | he begins to ask/ himself were the In- dians ever cleanly, and why are some of them so very filthy nowadays? It is an in- teresting problem to investigate, and it brings out s ttling features regarding the s of some missionaries. In alo.g the north ank 6 Thompson river, near | the mou re beautiful n covered with uttering pine tre Some | and from them | which, uniting, tain torrents. the little | cattle that i desert sh and 1 in them | ns for the ne b by hunting in the | mountains, simon in the Thomp- | d mall ore their the are | ers, | hes of land. k ed pat t like the in that Their house s ef our forefa climate are roofed | earth. Near | > of the little moun- the bathing place, tigated fields and thunder- non below. What Sweat Houses Are Like. By the side of this little stream of melted snow, at some distance from the village, among the pines and firs, are two curious structures. One is made of small poles set up like the roof of a house. These are cov- ered with fir boughs, and, finally, with | earth: the door, facing the setting sun, has a blanket hanging over it. Within, on the south side, is a circular hele (in the ground) about two feet in diameter and | one foot deep, filled with burned and crackled stones. The remainder of the floor is covered deep with a soft bed of fir twigs. In front of the door one will see traces of a good-sized fire, and many tones, both those that have been burned brought | 1 unused. This is the men’s | or part of the bathing outfit | nd blackened in the fire and th st near, but sweat ho of the pillage. The {ther structure is sim essentials, but at this partic covered with soil. It is roofed with ket mats or skins when in use. This | is the sw house for the women. | -Kapmuh wants to take s a fire and heats a num- | These he rolls into the hole | village sweat house. He the door with his blank- | n the new bed of fir lies until in the clo: all hut. with no opening for ventilation | se to the reasted roc * perspires as do the stokers in the hold of liner. He then rushes from the aps into the melted snow of | in torrent. Returning to. the | y he repeats the operation un- satisfied that every pore of his skin has tar to this in lar village it | | | sale > and ti been cleaned by this vigorous treatment. Thi jams say they take this batk 2out once a month, and we may well im- - that that is sufficient, for it is not ed believe that the absence of sick eople at the village is due to this try custom. ng A Means of Purification. This thorough bath Is one of the means employed to purify young men who are undergoing the ceremonies attendant on | their entering th> society of men. Besides bathing, they must test their patience and endurance, courage, strength, etc. Pa- is sometimes exhibited by picking cup-shaped holes in the hard recks and by making outline paintings on the rocks with red ochre mixed in bear grease. In som: tribes courage is tested in such ceremonies by remaining near a lonely grave several days and nights. En- durance is taught in most tribes by fasi- ing, going without water and by enduring tience numerous terture. The giris, too, maturity hav: similar ceremonies before they can make their debut into society. The N’hia-Kap- muh girls test their patience by picking fir n-edl-s off numerous boughs. They bathe frequently in the mountain streams, using fir bough towels to purify themeelves. All th eremonies are held as s2cret by th= adults, and are not to be told to pec Side the tribal society, so that it is difficult to learn of them. Injury Wrought by Missionaries. When one hears from the old Indians on the coast they took daily and some- times more frequ:nt baths in the cool ecean, the question arises why some of thom are now so fi It has been said that when the early missionaries visited th> tribes who indulged in sea bathing and saw the sexes mingling naked in the bath, ¥ at once put a stop to bathing naked 1 insisted on the use of bath robes. The ow Indians, net having b: ing suits, or dis- hiking to wear them, ti under vigor- cus missionary supervision, gav> up their baths entirely, until now the young missionaries do rot even know that the In- dians were once cleanly, and that their Tredec rs cans-d much of the present | filth by discoureging nude bathing. Atter © people were not naked in the Jest sense of the term, for this bath being th> prevailing fashion, was ht of In an immoral way. The poor Indians wore more real modesty than Many seashore belles possess. Perhaps the missionary did not see that hi ed % thoughts clothed him ugh he had procured a bath- ing suit from the trader’s store. Let us hepe he did not mean to cause any of the ith we se- today in the villages along the ccast of Britisa Columbia. After all, the dirtiest of these Indians are no more unclcan than the lowest of our slum dwellers, and many of them were onc? pure. Had Columbus never found them, perhaps their sweat house might have developed inte juxurious baths as their culture grew to be more like that of the great bath-loving nations. It might have taken a long time for them to de- velop, yet a people who can endure the sweat bath of the N’hla Kapmuh must have in them all the 2lements of upward growth. —— THE DREYFU§ LETTERS. Written at the Beginning of His Im- prisonment. Paris Letter to the London Telegraph. ‘Today the Sizcle begins the publication of letters written by Dreyfus to his wife and ether relatives. Those which have just appeared were penned when he was an in- mat» of the Cherche Midi military prison, and are all addressed to Madame Dreyfus. The first, indited on December 18 or 19, 184, begins, as do most, ‘‘Ma Chere Lucie.” He asks his wife to tell the memb:2: of their two families how much he has felt their marks of sympathy. He cannot reply to them, as what would he say? They «an understand his sufferings, and he does not car> to complain. Besides, he adds: “My brain is broken and my ideas are some- times confused. My soul alone has remain- ed valiant as at the ou t, in the preseace of the terrible and monstrous accusation which has ben flung in my face. All my being still revolts at this thought. But truth always ends by coming out in spite of everything. We are no longer in an age when light can be shut ovt. It must emerge complete and absol My voic> rd by our dear France, as my accusation has been. dt is not only my henor that I have to defend, but that of the ols corps of officers to which I be- id of which i am worthy.” Ki are sent to Madame Dreyfus and all t relations, an the lett is signed p Alfre »ther missive Dreyfus says that he is strong in his innocencs and, thanks to this fecling, is maintaining the terrible struggle. He tells his wife to be brav: and to hope, “if the is justice on the earth.” In a third he writes that he will not give way to recrimination, as he will not lower himself to uttsr any complaint. “The mar- tyrdom which an innocent man is made to suffer can only devote him.” Dreyfus says in another letter: “It is my conscience alene which has enabled me to resist, oth- erwise I should hav? died of grief or be in a lunatic’s cell. I cannot recall to mind the first days without a shudder of dread; my brain was like a boiling cauldron; every moment I feared that I should lose my reason.” In sending messages to their r=latives he continues: “Tell them that I have often thought of them, and of the grief that they must feel. We must all knit ourselves tightly together in a bundle which nothing can undo. Our pure and honest lives, all the antecedents of our families, our de- votion to France, are the best guarantees of what we ars. I have received two kind letters from Jacques and Rachel, which have given me great pleasure. ‘Thanks, too, for your news of the children. Ah! the poor darlings; what joy it would be if I could embrac> ‘them, and you, too, ma benne cherie. But I cannot go on with this matter, as it unnerves me; bitterness comes to my heart and to my ilps, and I need all my strength. Thank Mathieu, as well as all my brothers and sisters, and ths whole family, for what they are doing for ms. Kiss them for me. I must stop, as all the memories of the happiness and joy which I had with you all revive my grief. To have sacrificed everything to one’s country to hav> served it with so much de- and then No! vetion, to no!" It having been reported that M. Reinach had stat2d, in the cours versation, that the late minister of justice had formally promised the revision of the Dreyfus trial, M. Darlan writes from Ror- deaux denying that he ever did anything of the kind. energy and intelligence ye accused of so feariul a crime. ———_-+e+______ IFICANCE OF COCKADES. SI Some Interesting Stories of Usage in England. From the Genealogical Magazine. There fs no subject under the sun con- cerning which so many mistakes are made. According to an ancient joke, one lady asked another: “Why 1s your father using a@ cockade?” “Oh, pa’s just joined the army and navy stores!’ And many people seem to think that a cockade means noth- ing at all beyond the fact of a certain amount of social eminence. There is no real law upon the matter, which {fs simply governed by long-established custom and usage. According thereto there are three kinds of English cockades in use at the moment —the royal, the m ry and the naval. There is no such thing as a “civil service cockade.” The royal cockade can be easily recognized. It is quite circular. It is in shape much like a double dahlia, and is worn so that half of it is seen above the top of the hat. It is also larger than oth- er cockades and projects outward very much more. The military cockade ts the one most usually seen. It consists of a small circular projection, from the top of which issues a fan-shaped ornament. It is worn so that the fan-shaped ornament Projects above the top of the hat. The third shape—the naval cockade—has no fan and is oval in shape. It is worn at the side so that no part of it projects above the top of the hat. The military cockade is worn by the servants of those holding military commissions—namely, the officers in the army, militia and volunteers, and by lord lieutenants, commissioners of leu- tenancy, deputy lieutenants and high sher- iffs. The naval cockade is worn by the servants of naval officers. Civilians and ladies have no right at all to any cockade unless coming within the above descriptions. The black cockade of | Hanover came into use in this country with the Hanoverians, though in the days when hats were worn that required f: ening up at the side the cockade was worn by the officers themselves. The Jacobites, in their intense objection to everything Hanoverian, started the white cockade, which was worn by the officers who took Part in the Jacobite risings; but the “white cockade” never had an analogous usage to the black cockade of Hanover. It is possi- ble one may in the future, for we hear of one gentleman belonging to the order of the White Rose who is industriously sav- ing up to start an equipage in order that in literal truth he may “mount the white cockade. A Happy Ending. From Puck. Alberta—“Does the new play, ‘Lady Swaterleigh’s Mesalliance,’ end happily?” Alethea (ecstatically)—“Oh, yes! The vil- lain, Lord Swaterleigh, 1s fabulously wealthy, and the heroine marries him and galns a title’in the last act!’ ELIGIBLE OFFICIALS Men in Public Life Who Are Yet Un- married. GREATER NUMBER THAN EVER BEFORE Washington's Long List of Attrac- tions for Society Maids. WEALTH AND POSITION Written for The Evening Star. 8S A TIP TO AM- bitlous maidens and widows it may be said that the present social season now at its height develops the fact that there is a greater number of matrimonially _ etigi- bie men in Washing- ton official circles this year than have been brought to- gether for many ad- ministrations, The national capital, therefore, offers very un- usual opportunities just now to marriage- able women and would-be mothers-in-iaw will do well to look over the figures. Women in official circles here have been correctly called accidents. Among their sex they enjoy the same prestige and pre- cedent granted their husbands by contem- Poraries in office. Vacancles for women ambitious to be- come distinguished wives exist in practi- cally all of the higher official circles, ex- cept the Supreme Court, whose wise jus- tices are all too wise to remain unmarried. One place is now vacant by the hearth- stone of a cabinet officer. Secretary of Agriculture Wilson is a widower, who might be called a ‘good catch.” His of- fice, perhaps, is the least picturesque of all those immediately adjacent to the President's household, but his wife, in her turn, would enjoy every courtesy of- fered to the wife of the “premier’—as the Secretary of State is sometimes called by the less democratic element. Secretary Wilson, though sixty-three years old, is strong and active. To a worean of congenial age he has to offer a comfortable fortune and a brand- new mansion of unusual beauty in the very newest and swellest corner of the nerthwest. Although never suspected of entertaining presidential ambitions him- self, it may be stated that his wife need never hope to become the lady of the White House. He was born in Scotland, and, therefcre, can never become the chief executive of the United States. At present he is in no urgent need of a new offictal head for his household. His attractive daughter gracefully performs all of the required of a cabinet lady. A new Wilson would become stepmother not to this young housekeeper, but to veral promising sons, oecupied in the west. In the Sennte. There are only two bachelors at present B in the Senate. es Penrose ts, perhaps, more eligible, matrimonialiy, than any man in official life here just now. Although not the wealthiest bachelor in Congress, he possesses a more than comfortable for- tune and just such soctal and personal characteristics as the most ambitious American girl might ask for. He is only thirty-eight years of age, over six feet tall, very handsome, college bred, a shrewd lawyer and politician and a social favorite among friends of his own sex. He was graduated from Harvard at the very head of his class. He has a long, thoughtful face, a high and broad forehead’ and a mustache which curls down at the sid of his mouth. In fair weather he is a conspicuous figure in the environs which he frequents astride his saddle horse, a fine specimen of equine beauty. He 1s a scion of the oldest and most aristocratic of Phiiadélphia families, being related to the Biddles of blue-blood and the Drexels of wealth. The other eligible bachelor of the Senate is Lee Mantle of Montana. With relation to the presidency, he is in the same diffi- culty as Secretary Wilson, having been born in England. Senator Mantle came to this country in 1862, when but eleven y: old. He is in all respects a self-made man, having served in his time as farm boy, telegrapher, express agent, editor and pelitician. He Is a millionaire and be- sides his wealth has many personal charms to guarantee double blessednes: Besides these facinating bachelors, the Senate has to offer several widowers, some- what ripe of years, but possessed of abil- ity and fame. Foremost among these is Senator Allison of Iowa, who ts a widower twice over and yet has no children to conflict in a third romance. Scores of mothers with marriageable daughters have had their eagle eyes on this statesman, who also has from time to time been men- tioned as a presidential possibility. Though almost sixty-nine, Senator Allison looks but a few years beyond fifty. He is pos- sessed of considerable wealth, but is not a millionaire. The two other widowers of the Senate are Cockrell of Missouri, six- ty-four years old, and Morgan of Alabama, ten years older, both distinguished men, with large familles of grown children, but neither of whcm is suspected of gam- bolling directly beneath the matrimonial net. Plenty of Representatives. No less than seventy-five members of the lower house of Congress occupy bachelor apartments at the varicus hotels and clubs. One of the most prepossessing bachelors of the House is Hugh A. Dinsmore of Arkansas, handsome, distinguished in bear- ing, forty-eight years old, an able lawyer and some time minister resident and con- sul general to Corea. Representative Bennett of Greater New York is another striking member of the House bachelor colony. He is but thirty- four years old, and is a lawyer of consider- able ability. Jesse Overstreet, the bache- lor Indiana representative, is the same age, while John Simpkins, bachelor repre- sentative from Massackusetts, is but thirty- five, a Harvard graduate and a distin- guished son of the bay state. He lives with his sister during sessions of Con- gress. Wallace T. Foote of Port Henry, N. Y., notorious as the handsomest man in Congress, is a young widower of but thirty-four and a highly educated young man, having been graduated both as law- yer and civil engineer. He ts at the head of a law firm in his native state and is said to have a brilliant future before him. He possesses a luxuriance of wavy hair, parted very nearly in the middle, and a long, heavy mustache brought to points at the ends An older widower of the House, distinguished more for ability than for personal beauty, is Boutelle of Maine, chairmaa of the committee on naval af- fairs and now in his sixtieth year. Titles by the score fairly yawning for ambitious though unpatriotic American girls willing to sacrifice citizenship for the notoriety attached to marriage with for- eign diplomats accredited to this gov- ernment, and the questionable glory of presentation at foreign courts. The re- cent diplomatic dinner at the White House made conspicuous the fact that just now there are more bachelors among repre- sentatives sent here by foreign powers than there have been for many years. Bachelor diplomats are almost invariably susceptible to the superior charms of the American girl. Particularly are they fas- cinated by the conventionalities and cere- monies required of women met at official functions, while bachelor legislators usu- ally have little time for afternoon recep- tions or frequent evening entertainments, such as might jeopardize their popularity among democratic constituents. A Bachelor Ambassador, Since the arrival of the official representa- live from Germany, the diplomatic corps can boast of a bachelor ambassador. Baron Dr. von Holleben is particularly eligible to the blissful state of matrimony. He is fifty years old, of military bearing, has a genial disposition, an open, honest coun- tenance and is ly modest, prefer- ring the title “Dr.” or “Herr” to that of baron, The baron is not unknown to Wash- ington society, having been accredited to this government years ago, when he selected te Highland y decid- ed to elevate the title"$f her envoy to that of ambassador, Bard Ye occupied a splendid for his gorgeous society. To woman- terenips the brave knight Kite tor honor, it will ve of on Holleben’s face and chest bear twenty-one success- ful duels fought with:the sword in his ne- tive country. He is @ personal friend of the emperor, and is to have lately offered his sword in defsrisé of that monarch’s honor. Besides the ambassador, the Ger- man embassy can a of two other bache- lors, Baron von Hert , am attache. t: young, handsome and wealthy, and Herr von Bruening, the second secretary. Count Vinci, charge d'affaires of Italy, in the absence of Baron Fava, is a very popu- lar bachelor, tall, slender, with pointed beard, tremendous mustache waxed at the ends, arched eyebrows, very high forehead ‘and long nose—a perfect picture of Mephis- topheles up to date. The count customari- ly wears a monocle, has a meilow English accent, is a general favorite with the ladies, and is in every respect a chivalrous knight and beau ideal—his resembiance to Mephisto adding to his many other charms in the eyes of the social stars. Further- more he is scion of one of the oldest and most distinguished families of Italy. and has more than the ordinary share of world- ly goods. Among the Ministers, Another eligible bachelor diplomat is the young Peruvian minister, Dr. Don Victor Eguiguren, a wealthy lawyer and politician of proud status at home as attested by his having been sent here. He is frank, intelli- gent and the opposite of the accepted Span- ish type in that his eyes are blue and hair blonde. The minister of Sweden and Norway, Mr. A. Grip, is likewise unmarried, although the gossip mongers have reported him “about to marry” several times. He lives alone, served by a faithful vaiet, and is an admirer of young and pretty girls, although he has little time to waste upon those a trifle passee. Mr. Grip is an ardent sports- man, a graceful rider and a fine shot. He is a popular memeber of the Chevy Chase Hunt Club. Another minister who prefers the restless state of single blessedness :s Mr. Weckherlin from the Netherlands, who spends ¢ greater part of his time in the metropolis. He is very much of @ ladies’ man, but pre- fers the belles of New York to those of Washington. He is between forty and fifty years old, fs short in stature, and with the exception of Mr. Romero's, his service in this country antedates that of any other foreign representatives. He has remained here eleven years, and yet has never Deen roped in by an ambitious mamma having a superfluous daughter on her hands. Soctety blushed crimson red when it was arnounced summer befor> last that the late minister from Turkey, Mustapha Bey, would remove his harem and his many wives to Washington and introduce the wives into society. AH Ferouch Bey, the new incumbent, is a bachelor, a young nan sull in his thirties, and the descendant of a distinguished ancesiry, his father having been the governor of Jerusalem. Needless to say. Ali Ferouch Boy is very wealthy. At the present time all of the oriental dip- lomats in Washington are either bachelors or monogamists. The only one who bas thus far brought more than one wife to country was Tsul Kwo Vin, the Chi- nese minist-r who preceded Yang Yu. His lived with him in the 9 ew- In thi tion it is per y that 1 “my among dul credited diplomats: of foreign powers entertainment kind, which still ever ready to risk interest to know mu ted here, if permitted under their sinee eath embassy or lega- ally’ speaking, is the soil of ign domtrion ‘representad, Edhem secretary, and Sidkey Bey, sec- end secretary of the urkish legation, are also bachelors. - Eligible Diplomats, Ther» is no end to bachelors among the secretaries of the remaining em’ 3 and legations, None 4s mére popular than the secord secretaries of jhe British embassy, Mr. Regi ald Tow2m and Mr. Hugh J. Mr. Tower-is tail, lank of limb, Wears a small bidnde’ frustache, eyez’ is of uneertain wealth, about thirty years of vge. a golf player and equestrian. He has a ke3n perception of-wit and is a much traveled man. Mfr-O"Beirne is an Irish gentleman of great culture, with honest blue eyes, characteristic of his Tace, short and stocky of form and is an inveterate golf player, boing a great favorite i links. The first secretary of the embassy, Mm Imaul Lofaivre, and chancellor, Mr. Jules Boeufv ried men, 2s is also Attache Outrey. Dr. L. Vog:2!, the bachelor first secretary of the Swiss legation, is a brilliant young man of about thirty years, tall, slender, handsome and fascinating, with brown’ eyes and brown mustache. He is said to be wealthy and on the rapid road to promotion. Among the numerous secretaries of the Spanish lzgation are several young bachelors—Senor Don Juan du Bosc, the first secretary, i dark, a fluent user of English and an ex- bert wheelman. The charge d'affaires of Russia, Mr. de Wollant, is a bach2lor, as as 1s also Second Secretary Zelanoi. ‘The latter ts of medium height, wears his blonde hair pompadcur and cropped closely in ihe back, and is very fond of the theater. Se- nor Antonio del Viso, first secretary of the Argentine legation, is a bachelor of about thirty. He was educated in the universities of France, and has been stationed in Switz- erland and Rome. Other bachelor diplo- mats from South America are Senor Al- meida de Brandao, second secretary of the legation of Brazil; Don Vicior Bastman, second secretary of the legation of Chiie, and the sons of Minister Don Jose Andrade, who are attaches under him at the legation of Venezuela. Count Anenokosi, first secre- tary of the Japanese legation, is a young bachelor, educated in Germany,and wealthy. 'N THE CHURCHES Rev. Dr. B. B. Tyler of New York, who has been conducting a series of revival services at the Vermont Avenue Christian Chureb, Rev. Dr. Power, pastor, pursues a plan of campaign unlike almest every other evangelist. His object is mainly to edu- cate new converts as to their duties and privileges. Rev. Dr. Tyler was for thirteen years pastor of the First Church 9f the Disciples of Christ, on West 5étli street, New York. Seeing that there were, comparatively, a large number of backsliders among new converts, he determined upon his resigna- tion about two years ago, to «ive himself, for a time at least, to what he chose to call a campaign of education among the churches. Since that tima he has been busy holding a unique sertes of mectin in many of the churches of the Disiple: all the way from New York to the Golden Gate. The annual festival of the choir of the Pro-Cathedral will!é¢-held Tuesday even- ing next at the Protathedral, St. Mark’ Church, corner jpand A stre2ts south. east. Choral evensong will be sung in the church. at which the special features will be: “Magnificat,” "b¥CToof; anthem, “U: fold, Ye Portals,¥ fnam the “Redemption, by Charles Gou 2gnd offertory anthem, “O Taste, and Sge.How Gracious the Lord Is,"" by Goss. Shee The Bishop of Washington will be pres- ent and make an address. Medals and prizes for faithful and conscientious work during the past r,,a8 well as for marked improvement in singing, will be distributed. The choir at thé Pro-Cathedral is volun- tary, and is drawn #ftirely from the par- ish. Much proj has been made under the present chol: er and organist, Mr. De Offeo Brown Brown is making a special effort forthis coming service. A Martha Washington reception will be given to the congregation of the Fifteenth Street Methodist Episeopal Church by Mrs. 8. 8. Daish, at her residence, 160) 19th reet, Tuesday evening next. Active prep- arations have been made for a full repre- sentation of the features and costumes of the last century. ie ce The members of the Methodist Kpiscopal churches generally in this city are’ much Sratified to learn that Chatsworth Church, Baltimore, which heretofore has been the leading independent Methodist church in the country, will ask for admission to the Baltimore conference at the soming session of the latter body in this city. It is also learned that Rev. Charlés E. Guthrie, a Methodist minister, has been called to the pastorate of St. John’s Madi- son Avenue Church, in the same city, also one of the independent churches, and this is taken to indicate that the last named church contemplates uniting with the Bal- timore conference at an early day. Rev. Charles E. Eckels, who recently re- turned from Petchaburi, Siam, lectured Wednesday evening last at the Western Presbyterian Church on his work in that lasses, the are, unmar- country, during which he described the life and problems of that strange nation. After. the address the Christian Endeavorers of the church tendered a reception to Mr. Eckels and the visiting Eadeavurers in the lecture room of the church. > Monday evening last Rev. Howard Wil- bur Ennis, ss a member of the Federal Council of the Brothernood of Andrew and Philip, assisted by a delegation from Chap- ter 13, of the Western Presbyterian Church, organized a new chapter of the order in the Mount Zion M. E. Church, Rev. E. T. Reed, pastor. After the im- pressive services incident to the organiza- tion, the following officers were c'ected for the ensuing year: President, David BE. Graves; vice president, Edward C. Black- man; recording and corresponding secre- tary, William “lyde Hunt, and treasurer, J._H. Chamberlain. Rev. Dr. Alexander Kent, pastor of the People’s Church, has arranz2d for a series of Sunday evening meetings, to be ad- dressed by members of the United States Senate and House of Represeniaiives or. the various needed 'eforms of the day. The general purpose will be to pomt cut the close and necessary relations between just government and good citizenship, tut under this head there will be room for the Gis- cussion of every reform that promises more of justice and huinan relations. Dr. Kent has already ten speakers plecged, and he expects as many more. It is ex- pected these meetings will begin tumorrew evening. A special service for men will take place tomorrow evening at St. Luke's P. E. Church, at which addresses will be made by members of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew. There will be a series of ser- mons during the Sunday nights in Lent, beginning Sunday, February 27, when a sermon will be delivered by Rev. Dr. El- liott, from the theme, “The Rich Man and Lazarus.” The statistics given at the sec- ond anniversary of the pastorate of Rev. O. M. Waller, Sunday last, show that since he became rector forty-eight persons were baptized, eighty-two confirmed, twenty- four were received by letter, and nine mem- bers have died. At present the parish contains 315 communicants. The receipts during the same time amounted to $9,000. The Anti-Saloon League of the Disirict of Columbia will meet tomorrow evening at Wesley M. E. Church. Rey. J. Fred Heisse, pastor, will be the principal speaker. Mrs. 8. L. Beiler of this city, who visited Alaska last summer in the interests ¢f the work being done there by the W. H.®™ s., in Nov now resov' the missien and who, since her return has been seriously ili, is rapidly. She visited all tions in Alaska, except these in + treme arctic region, and expresses pride in the Jessie Lee home of th ciety. There are thirty Aleut child in this home. Five during the year been sent to Carlisle, Pa., to the school there. It is believed the day is not far distant when, as the result, there will be native teachers among the Aleuts. Bishop Hurst was recently in St. Louls, Mo., in the interest ef the American Uni- versity. Speaking of this, the leading organ of the M. E. Chureh Scuth said: “This modest, unpretentious scholar, is at home x or aight of the languages of the world, spent St. Louls. He addre both of the Meth- odist ministers’ meetings on the work of the federation commission and the Ame: All can Universit: who heard him we impressed dence in the g idea of an Ame located at our national c: middle ground, mid between the north and south, it bids fair to be a great mag- of is net, not only to draw into closer sympathy testantism of the The annual electi s Twelfth Street M. s schoo! a few days ago resulted in the > of the fol- low . A. Wil- liams Allen Miss Mary € Downin, mond Lark! and York Burges: A. Williams; arner. The reported do: February amoun the history of the stallation of the newly e! the Epworth League will be h next Tea” was given by the Foreign Missionary So- tropolitan M. KE. Church Monday evening las’ > parsonage, 330 C street northwest, and a handsome sum netted for the cause of missions. A special colie for the benev lences of the church and on the debt in- curred in repairing the church and recon- structing the spire, after the wind storm of a year and a half ago, was taken up at the church Sunday last, and between $1,000 and $2,000 realized. A brilliantly illustrated historical and de- ciety of the seriptive lecture on “The Land of the Moors” and “The Spain of Today” was given by Rev. Dr. Hugh Johnston last evening in the church, under the auspices of the Ladies’ Association. Rev. Dr. G. V. Leech of Grace M. E. Church has just closed a series of success- ful revival meetings, which continued three * lin Mount Vernor Htc weeks. The Epworth League of the church has been very active recently in religious sery- ices. The members of the Mercy and Help branch visit Garfield Hospital every Sun- day afternoon. Dr. Leech recently delivered a lecture on the “Klondike,” which was highly spoken of by all who heard it. Sunday next will be temperance day at Anacos' M. E. Church. The pastor, Re C. O. Isaac, will deliver an appropriate ser- mon at il am. At 3 p.m. the Sunday School Temperance Society, Mrs. George Thomas, president, will have charge of the exercises. For this an elaborate program has been arranged, as follows: Addresses, by Rev. Hugh Stevenson and George Bow an of the Baptist Church, Mr. J. E. Pow , Superintendent of the Sunday school, and others. There will also be music and recitations by the children of the society. Cardinal Gibbons has issued a circular in reference to the observance of Lent. It is in all respects the same as that issued by him last year. A concert will be held Sunday evening at the Columbia Theater by the united Cath- olic choirs, in aid of the Girls’ Orphanage. Among those who have volunteered their services are the Carroll Institute Or- chestra and the Apollo Quartet. A special envelope collection was taken up in St. Domini Chuceh Sunday last at all the masses, to heip meet the interest on the church debt, the prior needing $1,000 to meet the immediate demaiads upon kim. It is understood the expe-tatiens of the authorities were fully realiz A mission, which will continue for two weeks, will begin in St. Augustine's Church Sunday, the 27th instant. It will be in charge of members of the Redemp- tionists' Order, from Annapolis, Md. Rev. Fathers Dolan and Currier of the Diocesan Band will onen a mission at St. Stephen's Catholic Church the fourth Sun- day in Lent. It will continue for two weeks. The spectul services at the Vermont Ave- tue Christian Church have continued daily through the week with unabated interest. The Bible studies in the afternoon have been largely attended. Rev. B. B. Tyler will continue through the coming week preaching at 2 and 7:30 pm. Next week will probably be the last week of these services. Dr. Tyler will go from here to Indianapolis. ———— Life in a Channel Island. Max O’Rell in North American Review. The land of Jersey is in the hands of a frugal and industrious people, worthy de- scendants of the rural populations of Nor- mandy and Brittany. Not a square inch of ground that does not produce a potato or a cabbage. Prosperity reigns on all sides. Not one dilapidated house. In this bee- hive of an island everything speaks aloud of cleanliness, comfort and even of riches, to those who can understand that real wealth does not consist in the quantity of the things we possess, but in those we can do without, if need be. Jersey is a kitchen garden of about 70 square miles. pictur- esque, healthy, fertile, strewn with cottages that, with the exception wine and liquors, which pay a light duty, all kinds of me enter Jersey untaxed; that living 1s consequently very cheap; that the income tax collector is unknown; that a crowd of tourists visit the isle during four months of the year; that activity reigns everywhere, not the feverish activity of the Americans, but the regular, unif AS OFFICER AND MAN Some Sidelights on the Character of APPEARANCE AND PECULIARITIES Was a Good Manager and Careful in All His Affairs. AMASSED GREAT aa WEALTH (Copyrighted, 1898, by Frank G. Carper Written for The Evening Star. HAVE BEEN FoR some time gathering bits of queer gossip and tradition about George Washington. A large number Tis papers are on file in the State Depart- ment. Papers sho’ ing that he was b hind in his accounts with the governmen are on file in the Treasury Depart- ment, and the Na- tional Museum has one of the largest col- Jections of Washingtoniana in existence. Alexandria is full of unpublished traditions of George Washington. I spent a couple of days there some time ago, and though I found ro cne living who had ever seen Washington, I got a fairly good idea of him from the storics concerning him which have been hunded down from father to son. Mount Vernon is only nine miles from Alex- andria. Washington got the most of his supplies at Alexandria. He came there to vote, and until a few years ago the little office in which he did business there still stood. It was at Alexandria that Wash- ington met General Braddock, and with him started out on that disastrous cam- paign. His last review of troops w made from the steps of an Alexandria h. tel about a year before his death, and when I last visited the town I was offered a ma- hogany bed which had stood in this hote and on which, it was said, Washington ha siept many a time. How He Really Looked. From these traditions cf Alexandri, from many other sources, f have tried to make up in my mind's eye a picture of George Washington as he really was. He Was exceedingly tall, and, when young, auite slender. He had enormous hands and fect. His boots were No. his or- dinary walking shoes No. 1 leck at the silk stockings nd one which hang up not realize that it r a man army k a big f muscle. his tent quired wo men to place ft on the I mean. of course, when it and wrapped around the po: vuld hold a mus with onc fire it. He was vod shot sword. n. The pictures of usua the | father of our country m you think that | Washington was a_br His is | derk and . The truth is h a skin like an h baby, his hair He had a broad chest, but Lot Was not strong ia hacki nd during hi ugh. His « es 19 Washington. “It shall never be said that my table sets such an example of luxury and extravagaticet” ~~ And so the $3 fish was taken from the room, to be -devouret by the servants. ‘Phe Richest Man of His Tim: As the years went on Washington's lands Increased in value, and when he died he was one of the richest men of his time. He owned lands and stock and negroe and his estates amounted to thousands of acres. He had houses in Alexandria and property In Washington. He had valuable lands near the present site of Pittsburg. He was throughout his life a money maker, and I was told at Alexandria that when he was a boy he got $5 a day and upward for his surveying. He put his surplus money into lands, and an advertisement in a Bal- timore paper of 1773 states that he had 20,000 acres of land for sale on the Ohio river. His will gives a detailed statement of every article possessed dewn to the calves and sheep. His personal estate was then put down at $522,000, and this included a vast amount of tobacco, ‘arge numbers of cattle, sheep and horses, near- ly all of which he willed to his wife. This will is now kept in a wooden box, the top of which is covered with glass It was torn in two some time ago by some careless sightseer, and since then ne oae ha allowed to handle it The account books which are kept here in the State Department show that Washing- ton was very careful about keeping a rec- ord of his expenditures. He put everything, and among other items y here and there the amounts which he at cards. In April, wa st ‘2, he lost $100 in this at the house of Rey. Bouscher, and a further on th, is an item stating “Paid for toddy for self, Walker and oth- ers, at a little jamb: near the Drum- mond lake, five pounds.” During the time he was candidate for the house of bur- of Virginia, when he bought S at« frequent ‘ounts is t defictenc: the gesses and at the horse races curious thing about his ac there was almort always a the end of the year which he ¢ ld not ac- count for. This made no difference, how- ever, with his starting the new year with a fresh account, for one item at this time is ax follows: “By cash, either lost, st or neglected to charge, 144 pounds, S shil- lings and 11 pene In other we h Was short that year over $700. Economical, but Not Stingy. Through his letters now government you see respondence which shows that he was very hard up at times. In 1785 he wrote that ho could get no wheat on credit, and that had no cash to pay for it. Thre: he urges a man to pay which he owes him, and say as put off the sheriff three times already, and that ‘ds this money to pay his taxes. He Was not afraid to dun his debt said to have been one of th s dealers among the planters of his time. He was always preaching economy to his servants, but on the whole was somewhat ay r instance, he one . & carpenter, making t with m for a year and pre in he as to have four days h he might drunk about Christmas. owned by the here and there cor- ‘dest ton onomical, but not stingy. He could t endure waste of any kind, he wen about over his estate doing his best to stop the leaks. In one of his letters home he hat the ding the hay at the mansion house. greatest economy be used in He in upon you to particularly Mrs. L. W: t in the stal it and sel ntly the s horses with ha. for feeding t or hay when they that used or able to pr perceive that In a lit- her grain hor is at liberty and 1 can plainly there wall be nothing cither fo r horses to eat without buying it, I neither comport with my inter- est or inclination. By Stuart's report I find iN continues to f he with corn ead of cut I directed. What two saddle horses are those which stand in the mansion hou f none but the one Mr. Whitling used to r ‘The planter who demanded reports like that must have been a good business man. of Washington ‘mer, were coid gray, ang it is said that he dom smiled, although there is reason to be- lieve that he had considerable humor about him. His nose was prominent. He w particular as to his appearance and fasth ious in d Me wore plain clothes and always kept himself well shaven, acting as his own barber. Knocked Washington Down. Washington was an eminently fair man, He had a quick temper, but as a rule he kept it under control. Som2times, how- ever, it got the best of him. This was the case once in Alexandria. One of the county officers told me the story as we stood on the second floor of the markst house in Alexandria and looked down at the open court within it, which is now-filled with hundreds of booths where the farmers bring their products for sale on market days. t was on that spot,” said the officer, “Washington was knocked down by Li2u Payne. Payne was a candidate for the legislature against Fairfax of Alexandria. Washington supported Fairfax, and when he met Payne here, he made a remark that Payne consid-red an insult, and Payne knocked him down. The story went like tning through the town that Col. Washington was killed, and some of his troops who were stationed at Alexandria rushed in and would have made short work of Payne had Waskington not prevented them. He pointed to his black eye and told them that this was a personal matter and that he knew how to handle it. Every one thought that this meant a duel. The next day Payne got a note from Washington asking him to come to the hotel. He expected a duel, but went. Washington, however, was In’ an amizable mood. He felt that he had been in the wrong, and sald, ‘Mr. Payn>, I was wrong yesterday, but if you have had sufficient satisfaction, let us be friends.’ There was a decanter of wine and two glasses on the table which Washington had ordered to smooth over the quarr2l. The two drank together and became such strong friends after that that Payne was one of the pall- bearers at Washington’s funeral. Washington as a Drinking Man. Every one drank in the days of Washin: ton, and the father of his country alway had wines upcn his table. I have nowhere seen it stated that he ever drark to exces: although he usually consumed five glasses of Madeira wine ut dessert. During his | youth he was a very fair politician, and among the items of his election expenses when he was a candidate for the house of burgesses of Virginia were a hogshead and a barrel of whisky, thirty-five gallons of wine and forty-three galions of beer. George Washington was simple in his tastes, and during his youth he was an enormous eater, but was not particular as to what he had. He wanted plain food and plenty of it. During his later years he ate very little. His breakfast at Mount Vernon was of corn cakes, honey and tea, with pos- sibly an egg, ard after that he ate no more until dinner. He kept, however, a good table, and usually had friends with him. His table manners were not of the best. I have a book written by Maclay, which gives his experiences when he was in the United States Senate at the time Wash- ington was President. Maclay dined with Washington a number of times, and scat- tered through his diary are bits of gossip about Washington. At two of the dinners he describes Washington as amusing him- self between the courses by playing the devil's tattoo upon the table with his fork. At another time he says: “The President kept a fork in his hand when the cloth was taken away. I thought it was for the purpose of picking nuts. He ate no nuts, but played with the fork, striking on the edge of the table with it.” A George Washington Fish Story. Washington, at this time, had some trouble in keeping up his establishment. When the revolutioaary war closed he had plenty of land, but little money. He kad exhausted his private forture during the war, and he had to borrow enough to take him to New York to be inaugurated as President. The result was he was quite careful of his expenses, and would not tolerate extravagance. An instance of this kind occurred cne day when he found the first shad of the season on his tabie. The Presideat was very fond of fish, and when the shad was brought into the dinirg room his nostrils dilated as the savory cdor struck them, and he asked: “What fish is that?” “A shad,” replied the steward, excitedly: “a very fine shad. I knew your excellency was extravagantly fond of this fish, and so fortunate as to procure this one in the market. It was the only one, sir, and the season.” almanac of 17 comes the fol lowing. “Gen. Washington possesses 10,000 ac of land where he lives. He em hands and keeps twenty-four oughs go- ing all the year when the weather will permit. In 1787 he sowed 60) bushels « cats, 700 acres of wheat and a large quun- tity of corn, barley and potatoes. He has 150 acres in turnips, 500 acres in grass and great fields of peas and beans. He visits his farms every day unless the weather is stormy, and he is making ex- tensive experiments toward the tmprove- ment of agriculture. In 17% he killed 150 hogs, weighing 18.500 pounds, for his family use, which was made into bacon.” How Washington W Slandered. From the above it will be seen that Washington had by no means an easy life. He had many troubles outside of those connected with his estate. He had as many enemies as our leading politicians have today and he was accused of all kinds of crimes and misdemeanors. The Philadelphia Aurora charged him with having committed murder during his cam- paign with Braddock. Griswold, in his re- publican court, states that an attempt was made to poison Washington when he was President, and it was John Randolph of Roanoke who during a dinner at Alex- andria rose and proposed the toast: “George Washington, may he be d—!" When his birthday was first celebrated, in 1783, there was a great deal of criti- cism on the part of hts enemies, and the Aurora, one of the opposition newspapers of Philadelphia, published long poems de- scribing him as the worst of men. He was nicknamed the American Caesar and the stepfather of his country. The House of Representatives was asked to adjourn for haif an hour on the 22d of February, 1796, to pay its respects to President Washington on the occasion of his birth- day. This practice had been in vogue since Washington was first inaugurated. The "iavee hawenor refnsed to adjourn, on the ground that it was the duty of Congress to attend to legislative business and not to pay foolish compliment When Washington delivered his farew address he was reviled by the opposite party. All sorts of libels were uttered against him, and the Aurora said there ought to be a jubilee in the United States because the Washingtonian administra- tions were at an end. Notwithstanding all this, the character of Washington shines brighter today than ever before. With his little weaknesses, which historians have done their best to hide, he is, taking him altogether, perheps the greatest Amerl- can our country has ever produced, and the false charges against him were but drops of moisture on the mirror of his fame, which time has long since washed away. FRANK G. CARPENTER. faite a The Ex-Serfs and the Ex-Slaves. Edward Atkinson in the Tradesman. I have lately made a hasty trip in Rus- sia, not long enough to give me more than @ superficial observation, and yet my su- perficial observation is sustained by my subsequent reading of the best books about Russia and the Russians. My impressions of Russia were profoundly changed. The Russian represents a huge, undeveloped force, not merely in process of development for the conduct of war, but in the conduct of agriculture and industry. They are en- tering the company of the progressive states. Their literature, their art, their music and all other elements of true life give indications of an immense power in the future of industry. At present they are in the condition of the middle ages, but subject to the rending forces of modern science and invention. ‘The former ny bo seat ee in 1861; the n of the south were eman- cipated ton penn later. The white men of the south have since been emancipated. The great event of the civil war was the emancipation of the white man from the bends of a bad economic system. My im- in Russia led me to «gD perce sion that in this country which actu- ated by the principle of liberty throughout the land, molding all races and conditions of men without regard to color, the black citizens of the United States have made much greater progress in education and industry in one generation than the serfs of Russia have made in the same period, although they are a strong race of white m ——_—_~e-.. Greatest of Them All, From the Chicago Record. “Wagner is not.so bad, after all." “Why?” “They he has neve? written anything that can be whistled”