Evening Star Newspaper, June 5, 1897, Page 20

do . WAGED WAR ALONE Abel Kruger Came Near Wiping Out a Savage Tribe. IN REVENGE FOR THEIR CRUELTY — 2 Personal Bravery of a Vindictive South African Pioneer. VICTIMS BY THE HUNDRED _—— Written for The Evening S I THESE DAYS. when the stalwart, unflinching figure of the Boer crowds the broad canvas of South Africa, it is of interest to encounter a true story of hero- ism from the early annals of the Orange Free State. Such a story is that of Abel Kruger, whose ma:- velous exploits can be favorably com- pared with thoxe of Horatius Cocles or the victcrs of Thermopylae. The facts about Abel Kruger I learned during my stay in South Africa, from the lips of Mr. Laughlin Kelly of Bloem- fontein. Orange Free State, members 0% whose family were companior.s in arms of the gullant Boer. Kruger was a near relative of President Paul Krager of the ‘Transvaal—the famous “Oom Paul.” A little more than thirty years have passed since the Orange Free State, at that time still in its infancy, waged a san- guinary war with the Basutus, then newly d into a nation by their astute king, Mosheshe. The country of the Basntus is a land of brokgn and rcgged mountains, clustering about the head waters of the Orange river. From the western feot of these mountains nm plains of the Free Staie stretch grassy and trecless, toward the set- ting sun. Over all i level expanse there is hardly a hill to,be seen, while the air ts so pure and®dry that objects can be dis- cerned at an almost incrediole distanc At the very outbreak of hostilities with the Basutus, the Free State called to arms every afle-bodied- burgher witain her boun- daries. Now, the Boer soldier, always a horseman, may literally be said to live in the saddie—for from the saddle he shoots; the saddle, while riding, he haif tne - eats; and o smounts when press- ed by the exigencies of sleep. Trained from his childhood to shoot from the saddle, man is an expert rider and marks- sf a ier was Abel Kruger, one + very first to be summoned from his to drive back the murderous bands ©, Who, coming down from their at unexpected points, strove y to blot out in fire and every home aud settlement of the mountains with demon feroci blood whites within reach of firebrand and as- Ga er against the half-civilized enemy, ng itself generally as much as pos- to its proper trict. The “comman- to which Abel Kruger belonged - was early called a from the neighborhood of his residence, to scour the country, far and rear, in search of parties of maraud- ers. A Sad Home-Coming. The Kruger ituated on the cpen pls ant from the mountains, and Abel suspected that it sooner or later be exposed to at- It bore hard with him to go away ommandy, and leave his home al. Most defenseless. His wife and childri were there, with only two or three faithful servants to protect them, Naturally he Was anxic for th safety, when, efter an absen< K, his commando rede beck to t While still afar off, Abel stooped low in his saddle, striving to descry the smoke wreathing up from the chimney. The cat- tle that should have grazed on the plain in the v Were nowhere to be Nearer rer rode the tro last the n View, m in down hi never a word did he utter. He back and replaced himself vowing vengeance on the ad mounted, and were away, when Abel rode up took off his hat, called God and . that as long as he would never re 2 war should continue HE REINED UP © gone from at hat it was sure to plack-skinned and a man in Abel's state of so his commander and allowed him to do as he 1 the whole troop he got ful supplies of biltong, powder, bul- nd buckshot. Then the commando leaving him alone at the deso- t He fitled his saddlebags, and stewed away his supplies on both his ses—for each burgher had two, one to when the other grew tired. Then he led,” and let horses graze and sh themselves, while he himself, tched upon the grass, thoughtfully laid s plan of campaign. vould fight the Basutus singlehanded, and net make his ruined farm his t he would find a bait sure to draw them thither. For this me cattle would be necessary. he from the Lasttus elves. sht he rode off toward the moun- id stampeded one of their herds in ‘kness, collecting a number.of them f ard, and driving them to his farm. Next morning a few Basutus followed the d after a time sighted the cattle 2 plain. Beginning the War. Now, near Abel's ruined house there was @ little hill, 100 or 200 feet high—one of the few in the Free State—rocky, bushgrown and fiat-topped. This hill sloped gradually upward, tll, within ten feet of the top, a clear cap of rock rose up almost as straight @s @ wall. In ‘some places it was accessi- ble, in others not. On the top it was as flat as if It hed formerly been a peak and ‘Was now sawed off. On the slope of the would take further side of this hill Abel had his horses and in readiness, while he himeeif, lying tlat upon the level rock, watched the approaching Basttus as they came on fcr the coveted cattle. Now, at that time, none of the Kafir tribes had horses—the southern Kafirs had, in fact, no name for that animal, but have since called it “ihashe.” a Kafirized form of the English word. Before driving off the oxen the Basutus prowlcd curiously about the ruins of Abel's house. But when he saw them gather to- gether in a group, locking in at the door, where the corpses of his family had lain— gloating, perhaps they were, over their own work—he could stand it no longer, but rushed to his horse and rede desperately down the hill, coming out on the plain two or three hundred yards from the warriors. They saw him, and yelling and brandishing their assegais, rushed towards him, expect- ing to meet and slaughter him, for he was their assegais, rushed toward him, expect- Abel knew when to turn. He Knew too much of assegais to be deceived in the dis- tance. He fired both of his guns, each knocking over a Basutu. The others then ran to the slope of the hill, but more of them fell before the remainder found shel- ter behind the rocks and bowlders. Keeping well out of range of their as- segais, he now dismounted and picked them off one by one, as some of them had only partial cover and others foolishly and vauntingly taunted him to come closer. When no more heads appeared Abel thought he might safely draw closer and ride around to count the bodies. Two or three times over he counted, but could not find more than nineteen. Where was the other? For when they first came in view he had counted a score. At all costs the missing warrior must be found. So Abel rode around the hill to the eastern side, and there, afar off over the plain, he saw the erstwhile most boastful warrior of them all Jegging it as hard as he could go for the mountains. Abel galloped after him till within good range, and then, dismounting, stopped him with a bullet. On going up to see if he were dead he found his own wife's ring on the fellow’s finger. His Solitary Watch. The fact that the warriors had hidden be- hind the,bowlders on the hillside was not a m to Abel. He determined that never again would he let a party of them come so close to the hill. Every day after that he kept his solitary watch on the hill- top while his horses, saddled and ready, browsed on the slope. On the third day after he saw another party come toward him from the moun- tains. When they were still a couple of miles off he rode out to meet them. When y saw him galloping toward them they yelled, and with assegais ready came on without quickening their pace. At a safe distance he reined up and fired, killing a pair. Then he retreated, and they pur- sued at a run, thinking they would frighten him the more, as they thought he was go- ing away from fear. However, as soon as he had reloaded he doubled back to meet. them, and shot two more. Then they stop- ped, for they thought it dangerous to fol- low him further. When he saw them halt- ing he halted also, and continued coolly firing, and killing with every shot. At last they began running back, when they had lost nearly half their number. But the open plain gave them no cover, and Abel follow- ed and shot until the last man tumbled over on the veldt. Returning to his post on the hill, he waited a whole week, but no more ap- peared; neither did any of the burghers come that way—a thing Abel was glad of, for he feared they might insist on his join- ing their party. To entice more Basutus out on the plain he ran the risk of starting off after dark to dr've the cattle toward the mountains. At dawn, while still a considerable distance out on the plain, he lighted a fire of with- ered srass to attract their attention. Let- tinis the cattle graze about for a time, he sat m his saddle awaiting developments. When at last he saw a party coming after the cattle, he commenced to drive them slowly toward his farm, as if he didn’t no- tice that any one was after him. If he saw them gaining on him he would go a little faster, and sometimes he pretended to have trouble with the herd, so as to en- courage his pursuers and entice them further out upon the plain. On came the Basutus till Abel thought that they were far cnough from the mountains for their friends to remain ignorant of their fate. Then he treated them as he did the other bands that had preceded them—not one escaping to tell the fate of the others. How many different parties he succeeded in thus wiping out is probably unknown, but it is said that human skeletons lined the trail from Abel's farm to within three miles of the mountains. StiN the Basutus Fr suspected that one man was causing such havoc. But they fo cident; for a larger part ing set out on the spoor of the cattle, Abel made a serious miscaleulution--he had too many to kill in the time, and was foreed to let some of them escape. The effect of their return was soon seen. ‘The news ran like widfire through Easutuland, that some white ‘medicine man” was destroying every Basutu that went dewn on the way to Kruger’s farm, 2nd that the whole di tance, from the iittte Nlat-topped hill to th mountains was white wit their bones. In Danger. ‘The consequence was that most of Mo- sheshe’s warriors were dreadfully fright- ened, and avoided going in that direction. Nevertheless, the daring Boer soon got a surprise, which showed him forcibly how precarious was his position. Twelve young bloods, who wished to eurry favor with the king, banded them- selves together and swore they would kill They had heagi of his tactics io had escaped from his bul- AND FIRED. daylight, but started out stealthily, under ver of the stience and darkness of night. rd and unseen, they reached Abel’s flat-topped hill and hid themselves away among the bushes and bowlders on the slope. At the first signs of dawn they saw Avel making his way along the head of the slope by the foot of the rock ledge. Soon they saw him go on his knees and then down fat on his face. Abel was drinking at a little spring, whose cool water boiled up in the midst ef a pond or basin as clear as crystal. As he lay there, face downward, drink- ing, he noted in the water the reflection of the blue sky overhead and of the green leaves overhanging the edges. Then he be- came aware of something else, and saw to his horror that his days were ended. The black faces of a dozen men were glaring at him from the bottom of the mirror-like pool, with assegais poised ready to strike him. He never stirred from his position. He believed that his hour had come, but in the same instant he thought of a ruse to escape by. “Well, you've got me at last,” said he, “and I know you won't spare me, nelther will I ask you to do so.” “Ha, ha! We've got you safe this time,” said they, “and we'll pay you for all you lave done to us.” “Well,” said a “do me one favor before I die. I have lo¢ed always the wide, free veldt and the sky. Take me up on the hill- top and let me take one last look at God's beautiful world before you kill me. Be- sides.” added he quickly, “my clothes will be useful to you, and you had better kill me naked, for if you stab me now with your assegais, you'N make them full of holes.” Now he sald these things while hater ee Gragg tas over the water, ching thelr fierce cor flected from its ; ieee shouted they. “Quite right you - “Come up on the hilltop, then, and strip.” eee THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JUNE &, 1897-28 PAGES. So one of them took up his gun and went before, while the others, closing in around him, as he arose, escorted him on the table land, their ready spears at bim from every side, as they ascen by an easy way. Arriving an the flat hilltop, he gazed around, as he had asked, at the beautiful world. and then commenced to disrobe. First taking off his hat, he gave i: to one. Then his neckerchief he gave to anotaer, to 4 third his pipe, to a fourth his tirder box and flint and steel. Another got his knife and snother his coat; another hi shirt, and so on, till he had given some- thing to all but three, who remained, eagerly watching him, while the others were busy like children with their just ac- quired presents. They thougnt they bad him safe, now that he was stripped of all except his trousers and boots. He noted their self-confidence with satisfaction. Tak- ing off one of his long boots, therefore,with great deliberation, he handed It to one. of the three who had as yet received nothing. Two remained—one on his right hand, and the other on his left. Now he was stand- ing quite close to the edge of the cliff, where there was a sheer drop of about A Narrow Escape. eight feet. He took off his last boot with the same deliberation as the other; but, just when he was taking his foot out of it he gave it a mighty swing, striking the heavy heel of it in the mouth of the would- be recipient, at the same time knocking over with his other arm the one who was expecting the trousers. One bound carried him down over the rocks. A yell of disappointment burst from the throats of his outwitted captors. Their hurried, but ill-aimed, assegais flew after him, but none of them touched him; for he ran around under the shelter of the rocks, and none of them dared to follow nim in his jump, but ran down by the easy way by which they had breught him up. Then they were too late, for Abel got around to the western side of the hill, mounted his horse and began to pick them down with the gun he had strapped on the saddle. When they saw how things were going against them, they scattered over the hill- side to hide from his bullets. But all day leng he sought them out. Yet one fellow lay so well hidden that Abel unsuspectingly went into danger and started when an assegai whizzed past his head. But this lurker got shot, too, and by night tho whole twelve left their bones to be added to the rest. Some of them, after getting their pres- ents of wearing appar2l, had put them on, and did not perhaps have time to take them off afterward, for Abel sent a bullet through the breast of his own coat when he shot the Basutu who wore it. His shirt, too, had a hole through it. His gun and pocket articles he found where the warriors had dropped them, on the very spot they had stood in when he jumped down. That night we may be sure he didn't rest easy, fearing lest enother party might put in their appearance. But they left him In peace for a few days. However, they were bent upon taking him, dead or alive. After escaping from two or three other nocturnal attempts, he was advised by a commandant of burghers to leave the farm for a time and go with his troop. They say that the number of Basutu war- riors killed by Abel Kruger exceeds all be- ef. Some put it at a thousand, others say a2 little less; but at any rate he made such slaughter among them that his name will be handed down for generations as ono of the most famous of all the heroes of the inter-racial wars of South Africa. TWO STRA ES DISCOVERED. Hairy Men of Thibet and the Pygmy Nations of Pamir. Interesting details concerning some most peculiar races of men inhabiting the in- terior of the Asiatic continent have from time to time been transmitted by explorers and migssioraries to various sclentitic bodies, and have given rise to much specu- lation as to their authenticity. The re- cent announcement of the discovery of a tailed people irhabiting the wilds of Farther India, to which credence was given by the Geographical Society of Pgris, and through whcse authority the assumed dis- covery was given wide publicity, has been proved to be without basis of fact, and the long-awaited tailed ancestor of the human species remains as dark and se- cluded as ever. But if such a creature will probably never be forthcoming, other peo- ple yet exist on the “yellow continent” whose study affords interesting material to the ethrclogist and anatomist. A recent communication adressed to the Russian Geograpkical Society by Kozloff, a member of the Rovorovsky expedition into the heart of Thibet, describes the sand desert’ of Kobbe, lying between the Thian-Shau and Altai mountains, and some of its most dis- tinctive Inhabitants, not the least curious of which are the wild men known as the Kyz-Kiyik. As described by the Kirghiz, who alone appear to be in communication with them, the Kyz-Kiyik are of about the normal stature of man, but their body is covered with short hair of the same color as in the yourg camel, black hair falling on the shoulders. They feed on vegetable roots, and when in captivity persistently decline all food. They are swift runners, affect concealment in the sands and among the rocks, and appear to be impatient of the steady gaze of strangers; they give expression to many wild cries, most of them seemingly indicative of fright or as- tonishment. In the region inhabited by them the wild horse and wild camel still live in large numbers. Almost simulta- neously with this report comes the an- nouncement of the Danish travelers, Olif- sen and Philipsen, that they have dis- covered on the high plateau of the-Pamir a tribe of pygmies, fire-worshipers by habit, whose dwarfed stature is attributed to the scanty alimentation to which they are sub- jected. Not alone are they stunted in growth, but the domesticated animals which are associated with them are simi- larly degenerated in size. The cattle are no Jarger than the donkey of Europe, while the native donkey is of only the size of a dog. The goats and sheep are stated to be mere n-iniatures. 200 Penceful Be. Since thy Father's arm sustains thee, Peaceful be; When @ chastening hand restrains thee, it is He; Know His love in full completeness Fills the measure of thy weakness, It He wound thy spirit sore, ‘Trust Him more. Without murmur, uncomplaining, In His hand ee Lay whatever things thou canst not ‘Though the world thy folly spurneth, ough the wo From thy faith in pity tuinetor Peacé thy peooee soul shall fill, Lying still. Like an infant if thou thinkest Fearest, sometimes fhat thy Father a ‘When the clouds around thee gathee, Him not, Al ath th da it ways hith the ‘Always hath Tie comfort epakemt Better hath He been for years ‘Than thy fears, . ANSON PHELPS STOKES’ “SHADOW BROOK,” LENOX, MASS. FARMS FOR THE RICH Millionaires Who Amuse Themselves With Oountry Homes. COST A BIG FORTUNE EVERY YEAR eee It is Expensive Even to Visit Such a Place. THE SCIENCE OF LEISURE (Copyright, 1897, by Bacheller Syndicate.) Written for The Evening Star. MERICA IS RAPID- ly producing a leis- ure class, like that of England. It used to he said that we had no leisure class— “except tramps'’—but that condition has | Passed, as one may know from the in- creasing number of vast country estates, where our rich fami- les live in something like feudal grandeur and maintain little armies of retainers. Westchester county, Long Island, and parts of New Jersey contain most of the great country estates of New Yorkers. English country life as it was in the Georgian era is reproduced at these places, but on a more splendid scale. Virginia in the days of Elizabeth, Anne or William and Mary never conducted her famous country estates with half the lavishnes3 that char- acterizes these modern manors of the No one who owns less than $1,000,000 can afford it. The Harrimans, the Iselins, the Storys and others possessed of similar in- comes compose the Westchester set. They have model farms of considerable acreage, and houses of elegance and capacity, which they use as permanent homeg, Oliver Ise- lin’s place at Premier Point is, in a general way, the pattern of all the rest. His house is situated near the sound; back from it is his dairy farm, run by a head farmer, with salaried assistants and a score of farm la- borers. English landlords let their prop- erty out nowadays to tenantry, each ten- ant hiring one plot and gaining his living from it independently. Westchester land- lords maintain the required number of hands, pay them wages and furnish them with homes on the place, but manage the whole estate as one would a factory— breeding horses, raising sheep and cows, and disposing of the products indepen- dently of the workers. Expensive to Keep Up. This is the plan on which most of the Westchester and Hempstead so-called country houses are run. For the master’s house there are perhaps thirty servants; for the farm work there is a staff of twen- ty more. Nearly all of the ®wners are men not in business; they are men of leisure, and their only duties are those connected with the control of their estates. They are not numbered among the extremely rich, like the Astors, the Vanderhilts, the Bel- monts and the Goulds; but theys have enough to keep fifty employes, a herd of cows, a flock of sheep, a stable of horses, Many sorts of carriages, a dozen bicycles end to entcrtain a houseful of guests. In wages alone it costs nearly $2,000 a menth, or $70 a day, to run such a home, for the head farmer and his assistants draw bigger salaries than most doctors and lawyers. Just the monthly butcher’s bill of the household, regurdless of the farm annex, amounts to more than it costs a bookkeeper’s family to subsist a whole year in relative comfort. Of course in some instances the farm is made to yield something above the cost of running it. This is true, however, of very few of such Westchester and Long Island country places. When farming is conduct- ed as Havemeyer conducted his, it is a source of income; he got a yearly dividend of from 7 to 10 per cent out of the Mah- wah establishment. But the lesser places are not run with such science and econ- omy; they are kept up for convenience and for amusement, at a cost that one who has “ VINELAND, H. . TWOMBLY’S NEWPORT HOUSE. . New York rich. Servants are more expen- sive, soil Is more expensive (some of it being within city limits), and the applica- tion of scientific methods of agriculture has made “gentlemen's farms” enormously high-priced. The income of a million will scarcely maintain the most modest cf them. The case of Theodore Havemeyer, the sugar baron, who died the other day, leav- ing a mansion in New York, a villa at Newport and a 3,000-acre farm at Mah- wah, N. J., is typical. Seward Webb has a castle now going up in the Adirondacks, and not long ago bought up a whole county in Vermont. E. D. Morgan finds it neces- sary to his pleasure to support # mansion in town, a villa at Newport, and a super? estate at Hempstead. W. CG. Whitney re- cently acquired a house in 54th etreet_ near 5th avenue, New York, and for himself and son, in addition to his place on Long Island, he has followed the new fashion by investing in a domain in the Berkshires, which will rival George Vanderbilt's cele- brated Biltmore estate in North Carolina. Frederick Vanderbilt has Hyde Park on the Hudson, one of the finest houses in Newport, and a heautiful home at 40th street and 5th avenue. H. McK. Twom- bly recently purchased the Lorillard house at Newport, and laid out $1,500,000 on a 2,000-acre farm’ at Madison, N. J. These movements were all in emulation of the action of, John Jacob Astor and Levi P. Morton in putting millions of dollars into estates at Rhinebeck-on-the-Hudson, and they, in turn, took the infection from Eng- land and France. A School for Farmers, Representative of this tendency to go the English one better in their own practice is the Havemeyer undertaking at Mahwah. As Mr. Havemeyer’s son-in-law, Mr. Mayer, has a taste for the same thing, this great farm fs likely to be kept up us in the sugar baron’s lifetime. Thirty horses for private use are in the stables; there is @ 900-acre deer park, containing sixty deer, on the premises; a pheasantry, stocked r seen some of the accounts declares to be not less than $240 for every twenty-four hours. That is, the net expense of the place, not counting the bills of tailors, mil- liners, clubs and money spent in traveling or for opera and other incidentals. Country House Life. Even to visit these houses is more expen- sive than some who get invitations can af- ford. For instance, one must be prepared to leave at least $10 among the servants after an over-Sunday visit. “That would put one up at the swellest hotel in town— d have a better time for your said a woman the other day. She may not have meant all she said, but she had just returned from a Sunday in West- chester, where the butler and his assist- ants and the maid servants had wheedled big tips from her. Country house tipping is getting to be more of a nuisance here than in England, because the practice hasn’t been regulated yet. In England men fee the men servants and the women fee che maid servants, and all is understood. But here both male and female servants look for backsheesh from every visitor. As these estates are isolated, !t becomes a necessity to do a lot of entertaining, as life on them would otherwise not be bear- able to their masters and mistresses. That is why in the suburban correspondence printed in newspapers Westchester fs al- ways “gay.” The round of entertainments is interrupted only twice—first, when the lords and ladies of the manors are invited to Newport or Bar Harbor by persons whom they have entertained, and again when the lords and ladies of the manors come down town or go south to Aiken for a month or two in winter and ‘ake apart- ments. All the time they are at home they live in formal pomp and ceremony; there is none of the old-fashioned do-as-you- please and dress-to-suit-yourself. Domes- tic life is as conventional as in a city house, for servants are even more numerous and ubiquitous. ‘Your luggage is taken to your room ahead of you and there unpacked. If you value the esteem of the servants you will have it contain nothing that hints of cheap- JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER’ S HOME AT TARRYTOWN. with 2,000 birds, and housed by Semrictty. wonders of the world. Every fine Sunday it is vis- ited by scores of farmers, some coming from other counties, to see the apotheosis of agriculture. Mr. Havemeyer used to take his recreation in studying the details of management, and it was edify- To His own th j Father giveth spectacle to,see this parent of the seks 4 el sugar trust gu! some hi jer- ‘To each troubled oe iiveth sey farmer about rage do aueemning ne Weakest lambs have largest share best methods of feeding ‘solid food to Of this tender Shepherd's care: calves. To run his farm, his villa at New- Ask Him not, then, when or port and his mansion in Medion avenue Only bow, costs much more money than the Duke of Marlborough, or, rather, the duchess, It want anything, try an ed. in The upon Blenheim Star. anybody has you wish, you | In Westchester county there 1s still newer will get an answer. > wariation of the English country house. Jersey cows, | ness. In the morning breakfast is served {9 your room cihere isa ant oom you may go if you are a man): lunch is from 1 to 1:30; afternoon tea, an ene ecru 5 ea a! heaviest at 9:30, is ted The beautiful and delicate colors on the eggs of birds are not should be carefully protected from the light by some covering over the case when they are not being inspected; otherwise much of their beauty of that tint becomes lost in course of time. It is gratifying to notice that in museums and natural history col- lections this precaution of protecting egg cases with covers is now almost universally observed. In many instances some of the finest and most characteristic tints of sev- eral eggs disappear on exposure to much sunlight. A common example may be found in the beautiful pale blue of the starling’s egg. This, on exposure to sun- light for a few days, loses its clear biue- ness of tone, and becomes purplier, ap- Proaching more to the slate tint. Such is also the case with most of the greenish- blue eggs, like thore of many sea birds, the common guillemot’s, for instance, the beau- ty of which largely depends on the clear freshness of its blue tints. ‘The writer some time ago made some ex- Periments on the fastness to sunlight of those egg tints. The method employed was @ very simple one, and may be briefly de- scribed as follows: Various birds’ eggs were selected for experiment, those having decided and well-marked colors being pre- ferred. These shells were halved length- wise, care being taken before the operation to divide it so that each half should, as nearly as possible,present the same amount of coloring. One-half was kept from the light for future comparison, while the other half was exposed in a glass case to direct sunshine. After various exposures, amount- ing to one hundred hours’ sunshine, each exposed half was then compa: with its unexposed counterpart, and the changes in hue carefully noted. Little change was visible in the darker coiored eggs of the olive-brown, or chocolate depth, but in the lighter tints,especially among the blues and green blues, the changes became more marked. ee GREATER NEW YORK EXPENSES. Expenditures of the New Municipality Compared With Those of London. From the New York Sun. The municipal expenditures of London, the largest city in the world, amount to about $30,000,000 yearly, thus divided, roughly, among the various items: Water strvice, $10,000,000; police department, $10,- 600,000; public charities, $12,500,000; schoo! $10,000,000; health department, $3,500,000; fire department, $1,000,000; department of streets, $10,000,000; gas, $3,000,000; Interest on municipal debt, $5,000,000, and misc« laneous expenses, the balance, $15,000,000. Paris, with about one-half the total popu- lation of, the city of London, spends in a year $75,000,000, or considerably more per capita. The question has been asked how the expenses of the Greater New York are likely to compare with those of London and Paris. The present population of London is, roughly, 5,500,000, and the population of the Greater New York is, roughly, 3,300,000, the relation of the two cities to each other in respect of population being as five to three. The population of Paris is 2,500,000. The total expenses of the city of New York in a year amount, approximately, to $17,000,000. Those of the city of Brooklyn amount, approximately, to $13,000,000. The expenses of Long Island City are about $600,000 a year; of Richmond county, $5)0),- 000, and of the Queens county towns an- nexed to the Greater New York, $150,000, making a total of $61,250,000 for the whole of the territory to be included, on January 1, 1898, in the Greater New York. This is a larger ratio of municipal expenditure to the popuiation than prevails in London, but a smaller one than is the rule in Paris. The police department of New York city costs $6,000,000 a year, and the police de- partment in Brooklyn, $2,300,000, and the total cost of the police in the Greater New York will be about $9,500,000 a year, or nearly as much as that of the city of Lon- don. The street and water services are joined in this city instead of being separat- ed, as is the case in London. The expenses of the department of public works in New | York are $3,500,000, and those of the de- partment of city works, which corresponds to it In Brooklyn, $2,100,000, and when to this the expense of the department of street improvements in the future borough of Bronx, $630,000, is added there is a total in excess of $6,000,000 in the whole territory for these items. The expense of the fire department in New York is $2,300,- 00. In Brooklyn it is $1,300,000, and in all of the Greater New York it is, substantial- ly, $3,500,000. The item of interest on the public debt amounts in New York to $5,- 500,000, and in Brooklyn to $3,300,000, and in the other localities included in the Great- er New York to $200,000, a total of about $9,000,000, or about twice that of London. The expenditure for charitable purposes in New York city this year is $2,000,000, and in Brooklyn about $400,000. The item of education appears to the extent of $6,- 000,000 in the budget of New York city, end to the extent of $2,700,000 in the budget of Brooklyn, irrespective of the contributions of these two cities and of the other districts of the Greater New York to the state educational fund. which brings up the total amount to $10,000,000. Long Island City expends $115,- 000 a year for educational purposes. SS Sing a Song. Rufus McClain Fields in Nashville American, I¢ you'll sing a as In the fare of the feat or the faneked wrong; In spite of the dopbt if you'll fight it out, And show a heart that is brave and stout; If you'll laugh at the Jeers and refuse the tears, You'll force the ever-reluctant cheers That the world denies when a coward cries, To give to the man who bravely tries; : you'll win success with a little song— If you'll sing the song as you go along! If you'll sing a song as you plod along, You'll find that the busy rushing thron Will catch the strain of the glad refrain; ‘That the sun will follow the blinding rain; That the clouds will fly from the blackened sky; ‘That the stars will come out by and beens ee And you'll make new friends, till hope descends From where the placid rainbow bends; And all because of a little = If you'll sing the song as you plod along! If you'll sing a song as you trudge along, You'll see that the singing will make you strong; Anil the heavy load and the rugged And the sting and the stripe of the torturous goad Will soar with the note tuat you set afloat; That the beam will change to a trifing mote; ———_—+22-___—_ The Brave Who Fail. From the Chicago Record. “None but the brave deserve the fair.” “Yes, but they don’t always get them. I know a man on a small salary who has Proposed to seven rich girls.” Another Problem. From the Chicago Record. “There is one thing about base ball that I can’t see into.” “What is it?” “How it = pees amateurs know so much — about game than the profes- —————_--—_______ His Banker. From the Cleveland Piain Dealer, “That boy of mine has an inordinate craving for money.” “Takes after his father.” “Yes, always, when the craving comes on.” ——_- ree ——____ “Never judge too — by appearances,” says the Manayunk Philosopher. “Eivery girl with wings in her hat isn’t an angel.” Philadelphia Record a‘ if you get a package like this. It contains the genuine OLD DUST It cleans everything and cleans it quickly and cheaply. Largest package—greatest economy. THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANT, St. Louts, New Yor, Philadelphia, SSS and exhaustion if made ona Monarch Bicycle. Constructed equally for swiftness and for strength. Catalogue free. Write us. AMERICAN WATCH AND DIAMOKD CO. 1425 Pennsylvania Ave. MONARCH CYCLE MFG. ©0., CHICAGO. NEW YORK. LONDON. ACNE SACEA the modical term for redness of the nase amt Dermatologist Joha H. Woodbury, 127 W. 42. it. 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It restores lost vitality, stops all wasting drains and weakness in either xex, and as a female Price 50c., or five boxes $2. wail, We can hel ~ Write Us About Your Case. | The Dr. Chase Company, 1512 Chestnut street, z ener ae FOUNTAIN $2.00 Fount Slee seea (0p Product and make an advertising test, the manufacturers of U. S. Treasury Ink make the following offer: A genuine (#2) Ward Founta! Pen, guar- anteed by the makers, and a pint bottle of U. 8. Treasary Ink (40c.) will be sold by the undersigned #i tloners for ONE DOL- LAR and TEN CENTS, to introduce this ink and test this adver- tisement. MORRISON PAPER ©O., 1009 Pa. Wall GALL SNTYNE & SONS. 435 Teh sta be & RUPP, 421 Lith st. ow.