Evening Star Newspaper, March 13, 1897, Page 19

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, MARCH 13, 1897-24 PAGES. THE FUTURE LIGHT oo ‘An Australian Has Discovered a Way ‘td Produce Light Without Heat. TORNING A CRANK MAY LIGHT A CITY — A Phosphorescent Lamp Which Gives a “Cold” Light. SS WHAT TESLA HAS TO SAY Written for The Evening Star. it, INVT, the SS. McClure Cour Experiments are now being carried on in which scientists think may revolu- lighting system of the ent and the are lamp, whole » incand: as we now them, will become obso- i the promises of the Tesla system ination will not need to be fulfilled. conducting these experiments Austrian physicist, Puluj (pro- mneed Puluie), whose researches and dis- the domain of what is known as e great old light,” have given him prominence “| standing in the scientific world. Fif- | teen years ago he Invented a so-called rhosphorescent lamp. It excited little com- ment at the time, as it was thought to be but an innovation of the tubes of Geissler cr Crookes. But in the light of modern | ether theories it has taken on vast import- | ance. It generates not only very intense Roentgen rays, but it also transforms near- | ly all of the energy of the electric current into light. It emits an intense greenish- | ght in sufficient quantity to “intu- | ate a small room.” Professor Ebert, | well-known German scientist, has | rements which show that e | power of electric energy would to operate 46,000,000 Puluj | | sufficient lamps. This simply means that we are on the st discovery in electric science. ‘Taken in connection with a recent state- ment of Prof. Oliver J. Lodge, we can well believe that the lighting system of the fu- ture will be little short of marvelous as far as the generation of the light is concerned. Professor Lodge, who ts the head of the slepartment of experimental physics in Uni- versity College, Liverpool, says that “if mechanical energy can be converted entire- ty Into light alone, one man turning the ‘ank of a suitable machine could generate light for a whole city.” Puluj claims that his lamp fulfills this condition, and is working hard to bring it down to a practical basis. If he does so, he will have perfected the most economic lighting sys- tem in the world. ‘The Light of the Future. ‘These statements may be said to recount the initial attempts to produce what is popularly known as “the light of the future.” It fs the dream of scientists at | the present time to produce light without heat. That is, to perfect a system in which every bit of the producing energy will be turned into light. As our electric-lighting system now exists, only from 1 to 3 per cent of 10% per cent is expended in light. | ‘The rest of the energy passes off in the form of heat. It ts this immense waste of energy which makes it necessary for us to employ steam engines, dynamos and ex- pense-creating apparatus of all kinds in producing what 1s, after all, but a mere residue of iliumination. In short, to pro- | duce 2 or 3% per cent of illumination we are | compelled to throw away 97 or 98 per cent | of heat. Scientists, then, are striving to save this immense waste, and this, prac cally, is what Prof. Lodge means by say- ing that if it becomes possible to convert mechanical energy into light alone, a @rhole city might be lighted by the simple turning of a crank shaft. What the New Lamp is Like. Puluf's lamp ts not operated by dynamos | or storage batteries. It operates with a| different kind of electric current. It 3} lighted by means of an induction coil or a glass plate electric machine. The static tricity thus produced is the same in ery t as lightning. It is atmos- pheric, and its voltage, or electro-mottve forces, is so great that it will readily pass | rough t air. It need, therefore, sur-/} prise no one to know that the lamp of Puluj can be operated even through only one terminal of the induction coll (the negative pole, for instance) is connected to it. The lamp itself Is shaped very much the same as an ordinary Edison incandescent lamp, except that the wires leading into the lamp «jo not extend up the neck from a socket. They extend directly through the side of the bulb. They are made of aluminum. ‘The negative pole, or cathode, ends in a small reflector-shaped disc. Hanging from the point or apex of the lamp globe Is a small square sheet of mica. The piece of mica faces the reflector disc, or negative | ole, and is painted with sulphide of cal- | res: cium, an extremely phosphorescent sub- re. When the negative pole of the lamp is connected with @n induction coil the current is, as it were, concentrated by the little disc in the lamp, and a constant stream of radiant electric matter flows from it and bombards the painted sheet of mica, which immediately glows with an nsely brilliant phosphorescent light. Puluj's lamp as it exists today. is inflnicesimal his is heat evolved from it quantity. Nearly all of the energy put » it is converted into light. It ts there- nearest possible approach to cola yet been made. But it 1s | nt stage available for gen- eral lightmg purposes. Puluj is experi- menting with a view to arriving at a solu- tion of the obsta It is his belief that general advancement of lighting and “¢ solution of the problem of making heat will be found He is carrying on a gations to the end of pro- acing a chemical lighting system. Not te production of Mgnt through the con= sumption of chemicais, but, as far as can he chemical conversion of the her into light. It is not easy to imagine | how this is to be done, but such is the statement. Puluj, if the fates smile on his experiments, will sume day base an ether system of ligat production on his little lamp. He seeking to devise some method for oscillating the ether so as to produce light. In case of success his lamp would become ap object of great interest. Great obstacles He in the way, and for the sake of the uninitiated a little explanation may be necessary. What Light is. The man who maintains that “the sun do move” will declare that it is also the source of light. But the modern scientist, while acquiescing In the fact, will add that light 1s 4 condition of the surrounding ether, which may on occasion he disturbed or regulated so as to produce a concen- tration of illumination at a certain point. This point may be a Puluj lamp or some other agent, it matters not just now. The object to be sought is the method of con- centration. Light travels at the rate of 185,000 miles a second. In traveling at this great speed, the ether or atmosphere which conveys the light is vibrated up and down, sideways and crosswise, at the rate of many trillion oscillations per second. Thus it not only goes forward at great speed, but it also vibrates in its passage. To make light of this nature it would there- fore be necessary to cause the ether to oscillate at a tremendous rate. Prof. Lodge estimates that to produce ether waves one meter in length would require 300,000,000 oscillations per second. Now when a Le: den jar is discharged of its electricity, the latter disturbs the ether surrounding the jar and carves it into waves which travel away into space with a velocity of 185,000 miles per second, the same velocity as that of light. But the oscillatory power is not sufficient to produce light. Here a_dis- crepancy creeps in. Again quoting Prof. Lodge, it may be well to point out that “a common pint Leyden jar discharging through a pair of tongs may start a sys- tem of ether waves each not longer than about 15 or 20 meters; and its rate of os- cillation will be something like ten millions per second. A tiny thimble-sized jar over- flowing its edge may propagate waves only about two or three feet long.” It will thus be seen that the rate of electrical oscilla- tion capable of being produced by appar- atus now obtainable is not sufficient to cause an appearance of sustained light. Oscillators have been made with a capacity for generating ether waves 1,900 kilometers ort long, but the rate of their os- cillation (57 complete swings per second) is not sufficient for practical purposes. The object aimed at then by scientists is to produce an oscillation of electrical waves | which will equal the oscillation of the ether when wrought up to a lght-giving pitch. How to Harness the Ether. It is the intention of Puluj to bridge over part of the intervening gap by means of | certain chemical improvements in his lamp. In a recent lecture he stated that Hertzieu rays or electrical oscillations generated by MAY LIGHT A WHOLE CITY.” Leyden jar discharges varied from 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 per second, according to the size of the jar, but that this would have te be increased to 4W),- 00,000,000,000 (four hundred trillions) os- Mations per second before they would become visible as red light. Some conception of what this means may be had by remembering that a tuning fork vibrat- ing at the rate of 1,000 oscillations per sec- ond would be compelled to vibrate 1,200 years in order to encompass this number of oscillations. There is therefore some- thing of a task in store for the scientists who expect to harness the ether and make it produce Nght. Puluj says that the pul- sations of electric rays become more rapid as the metallic coating of the Leyden jar gets smaller; that Is, the discharge from a very thin coating will produce a greater number of oscillations than one from a thicker coating. Calculations show that if the coating could be made as small as the material molecules of the atmosphere the oscillations would reach many billions per second.gTo produce this extremely thin coating is the great problem, for if this molecular film could discharge its elec- tricity in conjunction with the molecules surrounding {t oscillations would be pro- duced which might Under certain circum- stances be perceived as light. If the fre- quency is greater than 700,000,000,000 ultra violet or X rays would be produced. How Daylight is Made. If it is possible to so vibrate the ether as to cause it to produce light we would get a very near approach to daylight. Phos- phorescent substances brought within range of the oscillating machine could be made to glow vividly. It {s probable that the energy of the oscillator would be made to flow to twe reflecters or plates placed op- posite each other. Certain objects held be- tween the reflectors would give off light. It is found that where a vacuum ts con- cerned the rate of oscilliations need not be s9 high in order that light may be pro- duced. Even now, if a Puiuj lamp is held between two metal surfaces which form bart of a high frequency electric circuit the lamp will glow, even though no metal connection be made between it and the sur- faces. In short, the molecules of the at- mosphere, or, to be more exact, the ether, is more easily affected in a vacuum than under ordinary conditions. Tesla once made a remark which was full of the spirit of future progress in the matter of lighting. “It is of no little in- terest,” he said, “to contemplate that we have a possible way of producing—by other than chemical means—a veritable flame which would give light and heat without any material being consumed, without any chemical process taking place; and to ac- complish this we cnly need to perfect’ methods of producing enormous frequen- cies and potentials.” These words of Mr. Tesla contain a suggestion the full mean- ing of which has lately been more thor- oughly understood. To produce something from nothing has ever been-a great human problem, not always solvable. Here is a great scientist pointing out a scientific way of accomplishing the feat. The hidden meaning of the remark is not hard to dis- cern. Hi: ords would seem to intimate that we have been employing exceedingly crude methods of light production; that in | the laboratory of nature means and mate- rials exist which may be procured and used for the mere asking; that our proper course would be to first see how light is Produced in nature, and then, as far as’ Possible, to go and do likewise. The har- | nessing of the ether means the solution of | Many great secrets of the universe, the utilization of natural light, the subtle’ transmission of speech through miles of space and the greatest triumph sclence has yet known. ——— An Old Letter. From the Philadelphia Record, A letter undelivered after a lapse of over eighty years was the odd find of Mias Cath- arine Mehon of Lennt, Delaware county. While looking over some old family papers recently Miss Mahor. came across a pack- age of letters that had belonged to her grandmother. Among the collection was an ole enevlope, yellow with age, wich bore the superscription: “For my ‘son, Hiram, should he ever return.” This was signed: “Thaddeus Mahon,” and as the flap of the envelope bore a large red seal it could not be opened without destroying the wrapp. Miss Mahon showed the letter to her fi ther, who remembered having heard his father speak of a brother who had left home suddenly during the war of 1812. He never returned, and before dying, old ‘Thad- deus Mahon had written the letter which Miss Mahon had found. They decided to open it, and, doing so, discovered a rete which read as follows: “July 18, 1812. “My Son Hiram: Since you have left I see my mistake. I pray that you may come back in time to forgive me. Thank God, your mother is not Hving to know that I cast her son off. Willingiy would I give my consent to your marriage with Neil, for I how see that she ts a good woman. Forgive your father, who has broken his heart through his headstrong ways. God bless you, my dear son Hiram. “THADDEUS MAHON.” 19 AN EARL’S NAMESAKE Tho Foothoune Bit of Something Be- tween Two Pieces of Bread. ALL ABOUT THE SANDWICH Some Particularly Choice and Well- Remembered Ones. ART OF MAKING THEM Asie e Written for The Evening Star. VER SINCE LORD Montagu, Earl of Sandwich, long ago made himself fa- mous by becoming so infatuated with gambling that rath- er than leave his cards he satisfled the pangs of hunger with slices of bread, with meat between, we have worshiped him as the inventor of sandwiches, and have even wondered why a monument was not raised over his lordship’s body. Just as we are puzzling our poor brains over this vexatious question the Romans come along and declare themselves the father of all sandwiches. They ate them and smacked their lips over them centuries ago. Did anybody ever do anything that the Rorrans did not do first? Well, if this poor earl did not create the sandwich he chris- tened it. The Romans had a very different name for it, but a sandwich by any other thame would taste as well. One thing is firmly rooted and grounded in my mind. If this gentleman of the gam- ing “table had eaten a cheese sandwich the cards would have been forgotten in the delights of a tempting morsel’ As we have more time than he (not being so desperately wicked), let us invite a few congenial friends to eat these cheese sand- wiches—and gossip. This is the way we shall inake them. First mix to a paste two- thirds of a cupful of grated cheese (and the older the better), one tablespoonful of butter, yolk of one egg, one-fourth tea spoonful of salt, and a little cayenne pep- per—not much. ‘Paprika is nice instead of cayenne, as it has a spicy taste, and not quite so hot. Be sure that you get the senvine Hurgarian paprika. After the in- gredients are well mixed spread on thin slices of bread. That is certainly an ideal sandwich for luncheon. If you want to make a change once in a while use strips of toast instead of bread. Peanut Sandwich. An egg sandwich is not to be despised by any means. The hen may be a very hum- ble bird, but she is chairman of the ways and means committee. A picture of her should be in every kitchen. Treat her revcrently and make good use of her eggs. I assure you there are not many ways better than in this sandwich. Boil the ¢egs hard and either slice them or mash with a silver fork. Season with salt and a little paprika, or cayenne, if preferred, and put between delicate slices of bread. if a richer sandwich is wanted mix a little mayennaise with the egg, and forever hereafter have a higher opinion of the houset old bird. A question to be solved is, vould we keep house with the hen? Did you ever eat a peanut sandwich? It is quite odd, and I am sure the peanut lovers, after eating one, will be on the lcokout for the man who sells peanuts at ® cents a quarter of a peck. Take freshly roasted peaauts and chop them very fine; mix with a mayonnaise dressing, not too thin, and spread between the slices of bread. Of course, we have all heard of that won- erful man who could make one hundred different sandwiches. He was a true genius, if ey there was one. To be “just the thing” one must have a pet sandwich. In- vent or adopt one, the very nicest that can be thought of, bring that one to perfection #nd then let your friends look forward to the pleasure of being served with it when they come to luncheon or tea. There are so many things that can be utilized—iet- tuce, water cress, celery, cucumber, rad- ishes, tomatoes, then creams of lobster, salmon, shrimps, and, well, really there are wore than we can possibly think of. With lobster, salmon and shrimps if a little cay- erre be used their tastiness will be greatly improved. The caviar is always a favorite, and if you want it extra fine use brown bread instead of white. Then we have the anchovy and smoked salmon, which are pesitively delicious. Celery may be used in two ways—chopped fine with salt sprinkled on, or with mayonnaise. Cucumber sand- wiches may be made either way also. Let- tuce, water cress ard radishes want only salt, tomato—use only the hard, firm parts, which have been mixed with mayonnaise or French dressing. With all these differ- ent ways let us not forget our old friend, the ordinary, every-day meat sandwich, which is not to be laughed at when we are very hungry. It has stood by us in our school days through thick and thin—more often thick. The Alan Johnstone Sandwich. A man who has made himself famous in the sandwich line is Alan Johnstone, for a long time second secretary of the British embassy. He introduced his creation to the Metropolitan Club, and it is no wonder the club still preserves the recipe. After eating cne of these sandwiches you will go down town and buy a British flag to wave in triumph in the dining room over this deli- cacy: Make a chicken salad, with mayon- naise, of course, and thoroughly heat it, not warm, but steaming, lay between thin slices of hot toast, and serve wrapped in a napkin to keeo hot. This recipe has been copied and altered somewhat, and called a “Johnstone sandwich.’ Instead of using a chicken salad, a filling of cream of chicken is made and put between the slices of toast. It Is very, very nice. A most seductive sandwich is made by a lovely physician and prescribed for all her guests. The prescription 1s given free of charge, and is warranted to cure the most desperate case of longing for something good. It is a homeopathic prescription, but you will want to take it in allopathic doses. Take thin slices of cold brown bread, and, as a little three-year-old tot says, “glue them together’ with English walnuts chop- ped fine and mixed with a mayonnaise which has been made sourer and sharper than it is ordinarily. I sometimes make a sandwich which has no name, and while something like the Johnstone, is yet different, being made of a cold chicken salad between thin slices of bread. Before the top slice is put on @ bit of celery is laid on the salad. Almonds, blanched and chopped fine, mixed in are an improvement. One Well Remembered. There is a certain house in this fine town where the hostess makes and serves to her guests a most delightful club sandwich. The evening I was there those sandwiches were simply exquisite, and, really, if there had not been a last car to catch, we might still be eating. These good things were made by slicing very thin the white meat of chicken or turkey, and put with lettuce leaf, which kas been dipped in mayonnaise, between slices of bread, cut three-cornered. A dainter sandwich can- not be found, and when you eat these, like Oliver Twist, you will want “more.” Always when making sandwiches trim the crusts. Dry and roll and put them away, to be used for making croquettes. ‘That is what the New Englanders call be- ing “beforehand.” When an appetizer is wanted try a sardine sandwich. Get, if you can, the little amoked sardines. Toast the bread and lay between the slices sar- dines which have been carefully and dain- tily brofled. If you have a pretty green plate serve them on it and notice the ef- fect. When you have fully partaken of these you will do as my great-grandmother always made us do—“thank the Lord for my good dinner; thank you, ma’am.” An olive sandwich is dainty. Get the pa olives, if possible,and slice them very hin, using a sharp knife. If the pitted ones are not to be had use the others, cut- ting the olive carefully from the stone, so that none be wasted. Place between the bread with a mayonnaise dressing. These served for luréhdon with a plate of deli- cately sliced colf'meat are delicious. All the pleas@r#e of a picnic would be as naught if we had not the sandwich. Imag- ine yourself sittifig under the trees, on the soft, cool ‘with the daintiest of sand- wiches in one iid and in the other—oh! a glass of the delicious and refreshing claret. The gé&s ‘could not ask for more.. Rogna or Square. I once heard a’man say he did not want @ square meal, for he had existed for two days on sandwiches. A clever girl answer- ed him that a sandwich is generally square. Yes, it 1s; butedo try some other shape— round, for instence, which can be easily done with a ptosaic biscut cutter; or three-cornered by slicing a square sand- wich from corner to corner; or very care- fully rolled. and tied with the prettiest of ribbons. Do not imagine yourself a child again, eating a bread-and-butter sand- wich, and make the slices thick, but cut them delicately thin. When selecting sand- wiches for afternoon tea you cannot go far wrong if those made of lettuce are chosen. The olive sandwiches can be safely used, too, providing no mayonnaise be with them. Have mercy on gloves! Suit the sandwich to the other viands to be served. Never use a mayornaise sand- wich with a salad. Use discretion. “But, whatever your sandwich, above all things see that its proportions be delicate and symmetrical; that it pleases the eye before ever the first fragment has passed into the mouth.” THE PIRAEUS AND ATHENS. The Port of the Greek Capital, Which is Five Miles Distant From That City. From the New York Herald. The Piraeus is the port of Athens, being five miies to the southwest of that city. It is from here that all the Greek troops and warships bound for Crete depart, and in the event of Greece continuing to disregard the will of the powers the port is threaten- ed with a blockade by the allied fleets. Dispatches from official sources in Berlin say that a certain measure of blockade of Greece must be observed, thouga it may not be immediately enforced. The form of blockade which Germany fa- vors is something similar to that which was put in operation in 1888, which was pre-eminently a peaceful blockade. Under the German plan, as outlined in the Ber- lin dispatches, a fortnight should elapse before any action is takeu. At the expira- tion of that time a pacifle form of block- ade should be put into operation, under which any Greek or other vessel that may be arrested will not be contiscated, but will be released when the blockade is raised. It will be remembered that when the union of East Roumania with Bulgaria was accomplished, in 1885, and after the vic- torious campaign of Prince Alexander of Bulgaria against Servia aroused the whole Helienic peoples dwelling on the Aegean, the Greek premier, Deiyannis, began to arm and sent troops to the Thessalian fron- tier in readiness to assist the Greek popu- lation in Macedonia. ‘The powers insisted that Grece should disarm,ana when the king refused to obey this demand, threats were made that all Greek ports would be block- aded. This compelled Delyannis to a re- treat, and after a month's duration, the blockade was called off. The powers aie making the same threat toda ‘The city of Piraeus has now a population of 45,000, and is now the chief commercial city of the kingdom. Sixty years ago it was a magnificent village. lt is now a manufacturing city of considerable im- portance. The city is built on a peninsula, on which are the remains of the tomb of Themistocles, ——+-— ee — Mice in the Knight's Brain-Pan. From the Manchester City News. The temb of Siv:John Talbot disturb- ed some thirty yéars ago, and his skele- ton was found {hn a remarkable state of preservation, with, the extraordinary addi- tional circumstanee that in the stone coffin in which the rgimains of the earl had been interred were found the skeletons of three mice, an old one.and her two young ones. The conjecture {# that while the remains were lying in fe, the old mouse obtain- ed access to ¢! and was imprisoned when the coffim was closed, subsequently giving birth “to! the two young ones, all three of which fad lived upon the brains, for in the, cavity of the skull the skeletons were found! Sir John Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury, was born in 1378, and his career must have been exciting enough to have satisfied the ambition of the most warlike gentleman of that restless age. He was the second son of Richard, Lord Talbot, of Goodrick Castle, Herefordshire, and, on the death of his elder brother, Gilbert, became heir to the family titles and estates. In the first year of Henry V he was imprisoned in the tower on suspicion of being favor- able to the house of York, but spesdily re- gained his freedom, and in 1414 was ap- pointed lord Meutenant of Ireland, then in a disturbed state. He subsequently fcught in the French wars of Henry V, and on the death of the king was created a Knight of the Garter, and a second time «ppointed lord lieutenant of Ireland. He served for some time under the Regent Bedford, and after his death had sole manage nent of the war in France, where he gained his highest renown. He was twice taken prisoner, once by Jcan of Are at the battle of Pataz, soon after the English were routed at Orleans, and again in 1449 at Rouen. In 1452 he was once more dispatched to Guienne with 4,000 men to the assistance of the inhabitants of that province, which had revolted against the French king. Bordeaux and a number of other towns immediately open- ed their gates to the renowned warrior (he was then in his eightieth year), but having marched at the head of a small force to raise the slege of Castellan, which the French had invested with a powerful army, he was overwhelmed by numbers and fell in battle July, 1458. The rank and prowess of the old war- rior were of sufficient importance to in- sure of the remains being brought to this country, where they would no doubt be interred with befitting honors, and when the tomb was opened 400 years later a photograph was taken of the skeleton and the mice and also a separate one of the skull, by J. R. Crosse, Whitchurch. The skull shows clearly enough the cause of the earl’s death. Brave as he must have been, he was evidently galloping off the field and seeking safety with his troops in flight, for about the middle of the back of the skull there is a clean piece taken out by the blow of a battle ax struck in an oblique direction. This and the condi- tion of the jaws, which only contain two or three teeth, confirm the history which has come down to us as to the manner of his death, and his great age when he fought his last battle. soe jew Kind of a Hint. A From Puck. Mr. Sternface—‘Well, I will bid you good- night, Mr. Liketostay; I always make it a Tule to retire at! 10 o'clock.” Mr. Liketostay;-“Indeed! And at what time do you get up, Mr. Sternface?” Mr. Sternface;(pointedly)—“At_half-pa: 10, sir, ta lock up the house for the nigh: ~— tri ee —__ “The Missie” Would Oblige. From Punch. Philanthropist—“I'm sorry to see you in this condition, Parker. I'm afraid you'll miss the lecture tonight. ALL BRIGHT BOYS Youths Who Are Paid for Running Senatorial Errands. — THE «SYSTEM «IN THE SENATE What Their Duties Are and How They Are Performed. PAGES IN THE HOUSE a IGHT LUCRATIVE offices in the Senate of the United States will shortly be open to as many bright and honest boys. According to * the rules of the upper legislative chamber one-half of its corps of pages must be ap- pointed at the be- ginning of each Con- gress. Although the present special ses- sion of the Senate is in reality a part of the new Congress the full corps of pages serving the last Senate will be retained until both houses convene on the 15th of this month—next Monday. There are six- teen pages regularly employed tthe Sen- ate, each of whom draws a per diem salary of $2.50. Their terms extend from the first day of the convening of each session to its close, and they are paid for Sundays and holldays, whether they work then or not. The Senate pages are appointed by the sergeant-at-arms, through senatorial in- fluence. They are not selected according to any geographical apportionment. Ac- cording to the rules of the chamber these boys can only serve in their official capaci- ties between the youthful ages of twelve and sixteen. As a result of the present system of appointment, the pages form a perpetual body, like the one they serve. At the beginning of each Congress half of the experienced ones remain to set the newcomers good examples, at least that is the theory. Well Organized. Although the congressional page has never been accused of being unsophisti- cated, forces are brought to bear upon his moral development as well as that of his mind and physique. Especially is this true in the Senate, where the lads are younger and smaller than the pages of the House If a Senate page is known to smoke. to vse profane language, or to indulge in e: treme misbehavior unbecoming to a fined lad, he is subjected to discipline Sometimes he loses his position through misbehavior, thdugh few cases of dismis- sal have occurred lately. Many of the Senate pages attend night school here in the winter. They are advised to devote their spare moments to their books, and are encouraged to ask questions to their heart's content during working hours. Bi fore they have served many weeks they have acquired a fair knowledge of parlia- mentary procedyre. When given moncy Matters to attend to they are required to keep strict account of all lucre passing threugh their hands. The arithmetic of their accounts is carefully audited. In fact, the Corps of Senate pages is organ- ized as strictly and carefully vel = ulated school. piel secure By the chance visitor in the gallery their duties are never appreciated. On= who sees them move about at the beck and call of senators is apt to get the impression that they are mere messenger boys. Not so. They are concise editions of a Con- grersional Directory, guide book, brary catalogue and—in season—hase ball score. all bound under one cover. They must fill the various roles of the diplomat, confi- dential clerk, detective, financier and, worse than all, the translator of senatorial chi- rography. More than often they must order the senatorial repast, a complex un- dertakirg for any youth. “At other times they must act as buffers between bored senators and tireless lobbyists. The first few weeks of the new pages’ careers will indeed be busy ones. They must not only become acquainted with ail of the senators, but with the greater part of the representatives. They mus: learn which of the several libraries in the Capl- tol contains a certain book called for by a senator in the mijdle of an important They musi be able to escort a stranger to any of the numerous commit. tee rooms in either wing. These are but few of the abilities which wili Altona ich wili be required. and go wita Con, ¢ whose experience ane in the services and h of retention on good behavior give then a heartier interest in thelr work and en. hance thelr discipline. The Man in Charge. The Senate pages are under the charge of Mr. A. H. Stewart, who succeeded the veteran Isaac Bassett as assistant door- keeper. Before Mr. Bassett’s death Mr. Stewart had active charge of the pages, so his duties are by no means new. Like Mr. Bassett, he was once a page himself, and has therefore worked himself u; through the ranks. Appearances indicate that he has the confidence and respect of all of his youthful subordinates. Although the Sen- ate generally convenes at noon each work- ing day, the pages must report in the chamber at 9, as regularly as though in school, and excuses must be given for ab- sences. The first duty, according to the routine, ts the distribution of calendars, bills and other legislative documents among the senatorial desks, and the plac- ing of the new Congressional Record upon each senator’s file. One page is detailed to examine all pens left on the outside of desks and to renew them with clean points. Another must see that every inkwell is brim full. Others must straighten out the sets of laws furnished each member and see that everything ts in order. It is strictly against the rules to open a desk, however. Between their duties the whole force is required to keep an eye on the cloak rooms and other adjuncts of the chamber closed to the visiting public. Recess and Work. From 10 to 10:30 is recess. In this half hour the little fellows get exercise outside, sometimes in a game of ball, but more of- ten In a foot race with the Capitol police, who are opposed to ball games. By the time the morning recess has come to an end many senators have arrived at their desks, and these make plenty of business for the pages. When the chaplain mourts the rostrum to deliver the opening prayer each page takes a place before one of the frent desks, faces the divine and stands with bowed head until the solemn occasion is over. Then the work begins in earnest. The corps of pages is divided into two sec- tions, one for the republican and the other for the democratic side. While not en- gaged on senatorial errands they must sit in their appropriate places on the lowest of the steps Ing to tne Vice President's chair. When the Senate is not in session, as on Saturdays, only a half of the corps are required to report for duty. They are needed to wait upon such senators as may choose to come to the chamber and work at their desks. On Sundays and legal holl- days no attendance is required. After the Senate has adjourned all desks must be cleared off. All documents to be saved must be placed out of the reach of janitors. A few pages are retained as long as any senators remain to work. These are usual- ly lads who are “kept in” for some mis- chief. Resides those cn the floor of the chamber the Senate employs a telephone page and ae maomantetl “riding pages.” e mounted pages deliver messages to of- ficials in the various departments or go on errands to senators’ homes. Im the House. In the House much the same system pre- vails, except that the boys are called by Push-buttons instead of by hand clap. They meet. in an ante room when not busy, and take turns answering the numbers which are brought to sight by the push- buttons. The House pages are older. There Parker—“Oh, no, I shan’t. I'm goin'—| ts no limit to age in their organization. shtraightome.' They are retained as long as they be- have themselves. It is preferred that they be older than the Senate pages, that they may better withstand the bustle and hurly- burly of the lower house. House pages vary in age from twelve to twenty. They are appointed by the doorkeeper, through congressional influence. They receive the same salary as their contemporaries in the Senate. In addition to those on the floor, the House employs a “reception room page,” a “folding room page” and a “rid- ing page.” The latter drives about the city in a buggy, attending to outside er- rands. Representatives must pay House pages extra for distributing their docu- menis or arranging their law sets. The Serate pages have no such opportunities of making “extras.” In the chamber the only extra money which they can earn is received as gifts or for the filling of autcgraph albums. A Senate page will sell you an album containing the signature of the Vice President and those of the entire Senate, usually for four dollars. The collection of these names cannot be done during the time the body is in ses- sion. The House pages receive generous sums in “tips,” but generally speaking the fee system is unpopular in the upper house. Senator Quay is very popular among the boys on account of his liberal- ity. Senator Stanford made it a habit to give each page a crisp five-doliar Will every Christmas. Among the noted men who have been congressional pages are Senator Gorman and Stuart Robson. The former ran errands for the dignified body of which he is now a member. The lacter Was a page in the House. > TO STUDY THE SUN. The Largest Spectroscope in the World Just Completed. From the New York Herald. The largest spectroscope in the world has just been completed by Prof. John A. Bra- shear, the famous instrument maker of Allegheny, Pa. It has been ma espe- cially for Dr. Hans Hauswaidt, a wealthy scientist of Magdeburg, Germany, where it will be used In physical research, and it is expected that many important discoveries will be made with its aid. The two most powerful spectroscopes now in u: are at the Royal University of Dublin and the McGill University of Toronto, Canada. These instruments were also made by Prof. Brashear. The powerful concave grating instrument is 21 feet long, and will require a room about 28 feet square in which to operate it. It is to be used for physical investigations of a very high character, and the design and construction were settled upon by Prof. Brashear and Dr. H. Kayser of the University of Bonn. It is also very probable that Dr. Haug- waldt will have other powerful instruments of research made by Prof. Brashear, as correspondence is now going on in resard to great physical and astronomical instru- ments that are to be placed in t new laboratory now being equipped by him in Magdeburg. Dr. Hauswaldt has gained considerable fame in Germany by his ex- periments, and he is sparing nothing in the equipment of his laboratory, which, wh complete, will be one of the fine rope, and will far excel any in this countr The grating to be used on the powerful spectroscope has a six-inch apertu and is ruled with 110,000 lines. So urately are these lines ruled that there is no dif- ference any greater than three-millionths of an inch between any of them. This in- strument is so powerful that where an or- di spettroscope would show from 100 to 200 lines belonging to the spectrum of iron, it will reveal more than It used to be considered that a spectroscope that could show the sodium lines double was one of great power. The great instrument to be sent to Germany not only shows each of these lines double, but with the sun low in the meridian as many as fifteen lines may be seen between the sodium lines, The new its greatest power, howe of photog- raphy. The spectrum of the sun has been photographed to a length of over sixty feet, literally crowded with lines from one end to the other. It is so arranged that no matter what part of the spectrum it is de- sired to photograph the photographic plai= is always in focus for every part of the spectrum. “This large instrument is also valuable in making comparisons of anything that may be burning in the sun.” said’ Prof. Brashear, in speaking of his great work. “Suppose, for instance. we wish to deter- mine if the metel calcium is in a state of gas in the light that is coming from the sun. We have only to turn the sunlight into the slit of this great spectroscope and Photograph in the center of our plate the center of the sun. “A bar is now placed over this part of the plate which has received the impression of the solar spectrum, and now we turn on an electric light, in which we have placed a small piece of pure calcium. In a very brief time the spectrum of the calcium is Photographed above and below the spec- trum that came from the sun. The plate 1s now developed, and here we have a pic- ture of the solar spectrum, running as a narrow strip between the photograph of the metal we have taken. We can see at once the coincidence of the lines of the metal with any lines that may be in the sun. If the lines are in absolute coinci- dence we may infer from the law of prob- atilities, which increases as the lines in- crease, that the métal we have burned in our electric arc is burning in the great fire of the sun. “Many hundreds of these photograph: have been taken, and we are now almost as certain of the elements that are burn- ing in ovr great luminary as those that we burn in the furnaces of the metallurgists. So it is with the gases and, indeed, all the chemical elements. Yet, strange to say, while we here on earth recognize oxygen as the great supporter of combustion, the most careful researches with the spectro- scope have failed tc show the existence of oxygen in the sun. I have in my library an elaborate little manual giving Prof. Draper’s scientific reasons and proofs that oxygen is burning in the sun, but it has been strongly proved the opposite. “Extraordinary care has been taken to make the instrument as absolutely perfect as is possible for human hands. The Ger- man physicists are the most exacting scientists in the world, and their tests of the great spectroscope will be most rigor- ous. Dr. Hauswaldt has established one of the finest laboratories of its kind in the world, and he has associated with him in his work the best German physicists of the day. He intends, I understand, to devote his fortune and the rest of his days in making advanced researches. His labora- tory now far excels those in this country, and the instruments he is talking of add- ing to the equipment will make it even more admirable. I look for important dis- coveries in physical science from the fa- mous little town. The circumstances and surroundings certainly favor it. “It has been my great regret that I have been unable to photograph the instru- ment just made. I have tried, but it is so large that some part of it is always placed out of focus in an exaggerated fashion. A camera would have to be placed fifty feet away to get any results at all, and then they would be very unsatisfactory. I have always nad to be satisfied with the mere recollection the instruments made. From the Cleveland Leader. Fair Canton, loneliest village of the plain, Where crowds erst came on nearly every irai The hum has ceased: no more the echoing t Is heard. Thy streets are dead: The cows browse peacefully today Where, yesterday, we heard the brass bands play. The sheep bells tinkle in the quiet streets: The ewe is munching and the lambkin bleats; The old ram stands as master of the sceuc, And all is peaceful, sober and serene! There stands the empty hacl use ix past But uark! A train Heer the blast! A swish, a roar, und then a sudden crash, The monster speeds thi Canton like a flash! It does not stop! It hu on its way This was the test. station yesterday! Fair village! est one upon the pinin, Thy day ts fled—‘twill never come again, ‘The oldest resident, e’en now, begins to prate vely and so Of things he saw when Canton was so 1 great! fae Ss = Appreciated Rewards. From the Atlanta Constitution. “Say, Mistuh Wilsing, whut yoh’ dun’ ‘spec’ Mistuh Preserdent "Kinley gwine ter gimme fer votin’ fer "im?" “I ‘spec’ 'e gwine ‘p'int yoh do’keeper er de Kapitul.” “Nossuh, better’n dat.” “Den I thunk hit am inspectah ginn’al er de White House.” ‘ossuh.”” ‘Ner minister flenipotentary ter Fluri- ay?” “Nossuh.”” “Ner ‘bassahdah obstructionary ter Chic- kargo ner Chiny?” “Oh, nossuh, Mistuh Wilsing. "way yon- ner beter’n dat. He dun gwinter sont me de sharpes’ razer an’ de best ‘possum hhoun’ te: be foun’ in de stait, sub.” If you want anything, try an ad. in ‘The Star. If anybody has what you wish, you will get an answer. THE LIMIT REACHED | The $3 Rate Closes With the End of March. Doctor McCoy Gives Due and Sufficient Notice Ac- cording to His Agreement. | There Will Be Positively No Exten- sion or Continuance Be- yond That Date. im giving the & rate Doctor Me~ to Bimseclf Coy reserved to withdraw 1 the right time by giv fice in the public prints, Doctor McCoy finds at the time hax come to exercise hat right, the number of patients now growing so large an exceed the possibility care and atten > Very Soom of personat He therefore am mounces that 1t will be impossible to co ue the rate after April 1, ex- cept to those patients already dew regular treat who - rea. fents applying for treatment or renew treatment be treated a cured at the rate of 83 2 month. There will be, how- ever, mo farther extension of the rnte, and it will not be given again in Doctor McCoy's practice. After Aprit 1 Doctor McCoy will resume his usual fees, re CURING BRONCHIAL TROUBLE. Mrs. Harrict E. Grogan, 1211 8 xt, aged 64 years: “For five years [had suffered from Bronchial trouble. Doctor MeCoy’s tr on heen a godsend to me, From almost the at ment I began to improve.” DEAF SINCE INFANCY. Minn Alice Lyles, 2 Alfrea st., Alexandria, Va., aged four 1 a been very deat ever sive any Now I can by all right in Hand at thom had been very now hear as w -n months. Team DEAF SIX YEARS. Alexander Dercourt, Host. “I bad been deaf six years. I could not hear a word that was not shouted ear. 1 hear again clearly.” A CHILD'S HEARING RESTORED. Master Henry Ochman, 507 Stanton place ne. His mother says: “Henry's bearing him een completely restored. He lad been very deat for two years.” in my DEAF SINCE CHILDHOOD. Mins Helen Towson, 15 Grant Place nw.: “Thad been deaf since childhood. My right ear was almost totally deaf. 1 cau now hear dim nerly.” DEAFNESS FROM MEASLES CURED John A. Sti » 2325 Pa. ave. n.wir “My deafness was cuused by measles when I wae twelve years old. I was deaf in my right ear. My @earing has been perfectly restored. HEARING RESTORED AT 72. Samuel Allen, 504 Harrison st., Anns costia, D. C., aged seventy-two years: “I had been deaf from childbood; my right car was absolatety deaf. I hear again distinctly.” DEAF FOR FOUR YEARS. J. W. Palmer, 1005 G at. a.w.: “I ha@ been deaf in both ears for four years. I hear again clearly. COULDN’T HEAR THE PIANO. Mrs. Thomas Moore, Brookland, D. C.: “I was so deat that when I played pine T could not hear the notes. My heurlng bas beem restored.”” TOO DEAF TO ATTEND SCHOOL. Raymond Dickson, Brightwood ave: mw., aged ten years. His mother says: ““Ray- mond was so deaf that we had to take bim from school. His deafness resulted from am accidest when he was six years old. His bearing returned suddenly, and he nears again perfectly.” Bernard Shapiro 1226 H st. a.wa “Doctors McCoy and Cowden Lave cured me of Asthma, from which I bad suffered for eight years.” HAD TO SHOUT AT HIM. George E. Ringgold, 1923 9th at. u.w.: “People had to shout at me to make me understand. Now I bear everything distinctly.” HEARS AGAIN PERFECTLY. Mins Louise Eller, 21 0 st. a.w.s “1 had been quite deaf for a number of months. Now I hear as well as anybody.” A DOCTOR’S HEARING RESTORED! Dr. C. P. McEnheimer, 402 Gth at. .2 “IT had been very deaf for ten years. My hearing is restored.” MASTER ODELL WAS STONE DEAF Master Cary! Odell, 215 vth st. s.w? His mother says: “Caryl was stone deaf. He hears now perfectly.” CURING ECZEMA. John D. Barker, 1310 12th st. n.wht “Eczema, from which I had suffered for three years, covered my entire body, except my fect am hands. I am entirely cured. CATARRH OF THROAT AND STOMACH CURED. A. D. Shaner, 901 Steuben at. n.wis “I have been completely cured of Catarrh of the throat and stomach.” STOMACH TROUBLE CURED. A. L. Hickson, 164 Superior st. n.wi “For two years I sufcred terribly from Stomag TERRIBLE SKIN DISORDER CURED. George H. Cannon, 119 2d st. n.wn “For five years a terrible skin disease covered the whole of my hands and caused two of my nails to drop off, Ihave been completely cured.”” DOCTOR McCOY’S BOOK. FREE TO ALL. CONSULTATION FREE. PERMANENT OFFICES DR. McCOY’S NATIONAL PRACTICE, 715 13th Street Northwest. Ofice Hours, 9 to 12 a.m., 1105 p.m. @ to S p.m.dail ly. Sumday,10 a.m. te 4 p.m