Evening Star Newspaper, January 16, 1897, Page 19

AN ELECTRIC MOTOR. MOTOR AN ELECTRIC Any Boy With Patience and Ingenuity Can Make One. DIRECTIONS EASILY FOLLOW Materials Needed, Which Should Not Cost More Than a Dollar. CURRENTS ABOUT ELECTRIC Written for The Evening Star. ERE IS THE STORY {r Hi: how John Hart- \ ley, the boy who had already made a toy dynamo, from which he managed to get an appreci- able electric current, constructed a toy motor with which he, later, operated a train of toy machin- ery. John had learned a little about the Practical working of the electric current When making ks dynamo and his exper erce with his motor added a good deal to his stock of knowledge in that direc- tion. The most important of his discov- eries was that electricity is really a form of force and not an independent force of itseli. Indeed, as now commercially de- velcped and used, the mystic current is much like the belt that carries the power from the fly wheel of a steam engine to a piece of machinery, or like a stream of Water set to flowing through a channel that reterrs upon itself, the power depend- ing altogether upon the swiftness of flow and the volume of current. Electricity is an exceedingly useful agent and its use by man has hastened the progress of the World enormously, as has also the use of steam. But electricity has been profitably developed. thus far, only by the applica- tion of some outside force like steam, a , or a windmill to a dynamo or al machin common enough for men to speak of ty es if it were produced by a dy- namo, but John learned from his fricad thats el is not “produced.” It is everywhere and in always present; a every one of nature's sub- the dynamo does is to set il to circulating, as a a steamer paddie wheel sleep, w tart the water in a circular trough to rurnirg. Like the water in such a trough, the ele current, once started, zlways flows back to its source, going from the amo through one wire of the cir- cuit and returning through the other. Nov in the cese of the circular stream of wa- ter, if a second wheel were placed in the trough it would necessarily be turned by the flowing water whenever the first one was in mction. The dyname, then, is like’ the first, or paddle wheel, in the circular trough, while the motor is like the second or water wheel. As much power can be got from the second wheel as is used to Tevolve the first, leas the waste by friction, and the power given off by an electric motor bears the same relation to that ex- penced on the dynamo. After John had mastered this he learned that there are other ways of developing the electric current than by the applica. tion of power to a dynamo. One of them is by decomposing certain metals by means Of acids. It is too expensive for the profit- able development of any but the lightest currents, such as are used to ring bells, Operate telegraphs and telephones and the like, but when John found what it really amounted to he thought it the most won- derful thing he had ever heard of. All metals and other forms of organized mat- ter, John learned, have reached their pres- ent condition through the workings of im- mense natural forces. But no force is lost at any time, and nature's forces expended in producing a mineral, or a tree, for in- Stance, are stored in the mine or tree and so remain until the elements are de- composed. It is from the decomposition of elements thus stored that we get most of the power we use for our machinery, for the running of our trains and the naviga- tion of our steamships. When we decompose zinc and copper in an electrical battery we release the forces Stored by nature in these metals and change it into that form of force which we call electricity. When we burn a lump of coal or a piece of wood under a steam boiler we release the power stored up in the coal or the wood and change it into the form of force we call heat. Heat changes the water into steam, and we use it in the Steam engine and by properly applying its power to a dynamo get an electric current. This current we use exactly as belts or Bhafts are used—to carry the power of the enginé from the place where it is produced to the place where we wish to use it. Somo- time, it is believed by Mr. Edison, Mr. ‘Tesla and all the other ingenious men who fre studying electricity, we shall be able to make the current directly from the burn- Ing or decomposition of coal, and then we ran get rid of the steam engine, but until then we shall have to consider the electric Current nothing more or less than an agent through which the steam engine may do Ats work. All this, and a good deal more which there is not room here to explain, John Jearned from his friend, the electrician, ‘who helped in making the motor, as he had before helped in making the dynamo, and Girected the boy in getting materials to- ether. These materials were: ‘Two pounds of No. 18 cotton-covered cop- per wire. ‘Two plates of tron, six inches square and ©ne-quarter inch thick. A strip of sheet copper, three inches Jong Ly two Inches wide. A cylindrical piece of tron, four inch Jons by two inches in diameter, with a hole through the center and two deep €rooves running from end to end. An tron rod, #ix and one-half inches long @nd one-quarter of an inch in diameter, A few pieces of wood, a strip of tin and Bome screw: s. ‘These materials having been gathered to- &ether, the armature, consisting of core, shaft and some small parts, first received attention. For the core the large grooved cylindrical piece of iron was used; for the shaft, the iron rod, which fitted snugly into the hole through the core, and being passed completely through was allowed to Project an inch at one end and an inch and ® balf at the other. The core and shaft ‘® shown at figure 1. Next a thickness of = was fitted into the grooves, so as to 0. tm a complete insulation, and then the’ here already.” ‘| —in the manner shown by the cut. armature was wound with some of the No. 18 cotton-covered wire, in the manner shown by figure 2, care being taken to wind evenly, and enough layers being wound on to bring the wire flush with the surfece of the core. When the winding Was finished both ends of the wire were together at the long end of the shaft. John’s next operation was to bind one end cf the wire to the shaft by two layers of cotton batting, a quarter of an inch wide. Around the cotton he then fastened a strip of sheet copper, also a quarter of an inch wide. A quarter of an inch fur- ther toward the end of the shaft another layer of cotton and copper was wound in the same way, excepting that no wire was bound under it. These two bands of cop- per are known as “commutators,” the bound wire being fastened to the further band and the unbound wire to the end nearest the core. About the Frame. Next came the frame. It was made of four pleces of wood, the base being six inches long, a half an inch wide and two inches high. The top piece was an inch longer than the base, and three-quarters of an inch wide. The two end pieces were six inches long, three-quarters of an inch wide and half an inch thick. They were all screwed together, so as to make a strong frame. John had to be careful to get the end surface of each piece of wood perfect- ly true and square, otherwise the frame, as a whole, must have been distorted and “out of plumb.” In each of the end Pieces a hole was made large enough to allow the shaft to pass through. These holes were to serve as bearings and the armature had to be placed in position before the second end piece of the frame could be screwed on. The appearance of the whole at this stage of construction is shown in figure 3. The next thing was the construction of what are known as the “fields.” First, the two plates of iron were bent in the manner shown in the cut, leaving two and @ quarter inches flat at one end—the lower— and one and a quarter at the upper. Next the lower flat surface of each plate was insulated by wrapping it with paper to within one-quarter of an inch of the bend. Then four layers of the No. 18 cop- per wire were evenly wound over the paper, both ends of the wire, in each case, being brought to the same end of the iron plate. Next the upper ends of the two plates were screwed fast to the top plece of the frame; this caused the plates to assyme an upright position, with the wound end of each resting against the base piece, and these wer2 held firmly in place by a strip of tin screwed to the wood of the end pieces and passed over the wound wire. All should be made rerfectly clear by the cut. When the work had progressed thus far, John found that the armature was lying in such a way that it could be easily re- volved in a space between the concave surfaces of the fields, though it nearly touched them, and that nothing remained to be done excepting to provide a way for the current to pass between the two sur- faces—which answered to the electro mag- t of a dynamo—and through the arma- ture, “which then,” John’s friend explained, “will begin to whirl at practically the me rate of speed as the dynamo.” "Some Further Details. Two strips of sheet copper, each two inches long by a quarter of an inch wide, were then cut. In each of these strips John had made an “L” bend about a | quarter of an inch from one end. Throvgh the short end he bored a hole, and through this he screwed the strips fast to the base | of the frame, in such a way as to bring the | long ends in contact with the commutators The ; Screw which fastened the copper strip—or “brush"’—nearest the end was allowed to project about a quarter of an inch, and was to be used as one of the “binding posts” or point of connection from the dynamo. About a quarter of an inch from this screw—or binding post—he drove an- other screw, in the base, and allowed it also to project about a quarter of an inch. This was to serve as the other binding post or point of connection with the dy- ramo. From the coil around the lower rart of each piece of iron forming the “fields,” it will be remembered, there extended two free wire ends, or four altogether. One wire from each coil was now connected with the other, the remaining free end {from one coil being connected with the strip of copper—or brush—nearest the field —while the one from the other coll was connected with the projecting screw or binding post that had been driven into the wood. Then a wooden pulley, or driving wheel, with @ groove for a round belt, was at- tached to the end of the armature shaft Projecting from the frame and the elec- tric current was turned on. “Now,” to apply power to the motor instead of to the dynamo a current would be generated by the motor and the dynam) could be operated as a motor. In other words, a dynamo may be used as a motor and a motor may be used as a dynamo. They. are interchangeable, the same as the two wheels in the circular trough of water. But a different type of macnine is used for the motor from that used for ihe dynamo, the type chosen for use as a dynamo being more efficient in developing the current, just 2s the one used for the motor is more efficient in utilizing it.” ——— The Fad Obsolete. Mande Andrews in Life. I have no foolish fad for pets, Nor procured from famous places; Nor fad for ancient amulets, Or Jewels, bric-a-brac, or iaces. Nor fad for beggars smirched and Nor any crying craze excessive; I do not yearn—no, not at all— For fads that fit’ la femme progressive. ‘The sewerage of the city may Be very bad, for all my knowledge; I have no fad ‘to form the wa: ._ Our modern maids are taught at colleges For female clubs no love have I, ‘Nor congresses for mothers; For polities I do not I want no place possessed by others, T'm just a silly, simple soul— My club is by my stady fire; And round its warmth I find the whole A ilttle gold, and lots love co. ttle 5 of ‘And fafthy and aif thlogs high and bumany So if a fad my motives move, It is to be a normal woman. All Rig! From Leslie's Weekly, Fatty—“Hurrah! {t's all The ice will hold. There said John’s friend, “if you were, it, old man. are fellows skating THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JANUARY 16, 1897-24 PAGES. STORED SUNLIGHT Experiments Showing the Capacity of Different Compounds. PHOTOGRAPHING BY THIS LIGHT Result of Exposing Common Sugar to the Sun Rays. RADIATING RAYS Written for The Evening Star. ROF. A. F. McKIS- sick of the Auburn, fi Ala., Polytechnic In- stitute has demon- strated that a plece of common granu- lated sugar which has been exposed to direct sunlight for two hours and then placed in a dark room with a photo- graph plate will emit light enough to pho- tograph several small objects on the plate through an in- tervening thickness of two and one-half inches of wood. He does not claim to have discovered that sunlight is stored in and afterward Given off by certain inantm&te objects. That is the theory of Becquerel, well known to the scientific world. But he has reduced this theory to 2 practical working basi: His experiments prove the word “darkness’ to be only a very relative term. Total darkness cannot exist in fact. Objects ail Pictures of Articles Taken in the Dark by Means of Sunlight, Which Had Been Stored in Sugar and Uran- ium Nitrate. around us are continually storing up sun- light Wuring the day and giving it off at night. The human eye is not finely enough attuned to such light rays as to be able to detect them, but the rays exist, as Is proved by the photographic plate. Prof. McKissick gives a long list of substances which are continually storing up sunlight during the day and then emitting it at night with such an X-ray intensity as to cause it to penetrate surrounding objects, such as tables, chairs, clothing, etc.—a wonderful physical or chemical trans- formation of the sun's rays. Animals See in the Dark. This discovery inyolves the question of how certain animals are enabled to see in darkness. A cat will prowl safely about a dark room or a horse will gallop furiously along a dark road under conditions which would not allow a man to see kis hand be- fore his face. How do they do it? Are they enabled to see beams of pre viously stored-up sunlight? It has been contested that there is some light by means of which animals are enabled to see; that if total darkness existed, not even a cat could see around a dark room. The old-time scien- tist who made this statement builded bet- ter than he was aware of. It is now con- tended that a cat 1s enabled to see in the dark by the light emitted from its own eyes. Prof. von Helenholtz was enabled a short while before he died to take a pho- tograph of his own eyes in a dark room by means of the light of his own eyes. Now, if some scientists were to discover that the human eye emitted a light of X-ray properties, the old saying relative to the burning quality of a person's glance would have some foundation in fact. First, as to the discovery of Becquerel. Becquerel discovered that certain chemical substances were constantly storing sun- light and then radiating it under favorable Taken by Means of Light Emitted From a Piece of Granulated Sugar. ‘The light From the Sugar Was Made to Pass Through a Piece of Wood. . conditions. Thus uranium after being ex- posed to direct sunlight for a few hours, Was found to emit the stored energy in fine streams of light, for long periods of time. Subsequently it wes found that the period of dispersion {s indefinite, for recent reports from Europe state that substances acted upon by sunlight ten months ago are still radiating light rays strong enough to effect a sensitive plate, even though no direct sunlight had acted upon them in the mean- time. Thus it was found that certain sub- stances are really storage batteries of light in almost interminable quantity. Becque- rel's field, however, was limited. It re- mained for Professor McKissick to develop the theory and discover its inherent and most picturesque qualities. , In His Own Words. Concerning his discovery, he says as fol- lows: “Some time ago Becquerel discovered that certain uranium salts emitted, after exposure to sunlight, radiation which, like the Roentgen rays, could pass through thin plates of aluminum or cardboard and ef- fect a photographic plate behind, and also that these rays could be polarized, re- tracted and reflected. He found that the potassium platinum compound of uranium, after exposure to sunlight, emitted these rays for many day: “Inasmuch as the Roentgen rays can pass through aluminum or cardboard, but cannot be pol or refracted and reflected only slightly, it seems that the Beoguers ray is the Sonecting ink between the Roent- gen rays and ordinary lig! “It occurred to me that probably a great many of the fluorescent and phosphorescent com} ds would give radiations of this kind and with this idea I tried all of the kvown fluorescent and phosphorescent com- ounds available, and found that the fol- wing gave these radiations after an ex- Posure to sunlight: Lithium, chloride, bari- um sulphide, calcium sulphate, quinine chloride, quinine sulphate, calcium nitrate, sodium tugstete, sterein, uranium acetate, fewiencyrs phospho-molybdate, chalk, glu- = making Be exveriments Saeed [ieee to photograp! were placed in tcularly sensitive plate in « holder. The cover was then put 01 and the substance, after an exposure to sunlight for two hours, was sprinkled over the cover of the plate-holder, The plate- with a holder was then ae ee ee there might not be dark cloth in order that any chance of ordimary light acting on the plate. The time of exposure varied from thirty-six to seventy-two hours, the time varying with different substances. A slow plate was used with ordinary developer and fixing bath. What the Plates Show. — “Some of the @egatHes obtained were much clearer th@¥ others and some pe- culiar effects aside from the pure lighting effect were obtained. An examination of the plates will shgw his. Figure 1 is a photograph of two k and two copper cents taken in the dark with uranium ni- trate. The peculiar effect connected with the radiation already mentioned is that generally more thg one image if an object is produced on thé@\plate (although the ob- ject has been placed in contact with It). Close inspection will show this to be the case. For simplicity I call the sharper or more pronounced Imagé the primary and the less distinct the secondary, the latter being marked with tHe letter “Of all substances tried I found that white granulated sugar gave the best re- sults. Figure 2 is a photograph of a key, three copper cents and an irregular piece of glass obtained from the light emitted from a small quantity of sugar (secondary images marked as usual with Figure 3, however, is a photograph of two coins, a key and a piece of glass obtained from sugar, but far more interesting than Figure 2 from the fact that the emitted light was made to pass through a piece of wood 22 inches in thickness as well as the plate holder, before it could reach the sensitive plate. “The various images of the same object which appear on the plate are very er- ratic or at least irregular in the manner of their appearance. I have noticed as many as five images of one object and sometimes on the same negative there would be two images of one object and only one of another object two inches away. The element of phosphorescence does not seem to enter into the process by which these photographs are taken. Prof. B. B. Ross suggested to me that inasmuch as quite a number of fluorescent and phos- phorescent substances possessed high mole- cular weight, although not known to be either fluorescent or phosphorescent, might give off these rays. With this idea in mind I tried sterein and ammonium phospho- molybdate. Both of these substances emit- ted the rays. Sterein gave them off but slightly, molybdate more strongiy, produc- ing a fairly clear and sharp negative.” ese eee In Chicago. (Under the Plotke Higt Theater Hat Ordinanc Yes, the hero was ) perfection, with an honest, mauly face, 5 And the heroine And ‘as gifted with a more than win- ning grace, I felt extremest pleasure when the thwarted viliain cursed : In the last scene, and requested that they do their very worst But the acme of enjoyment was attained the mo- ment that The policeman “pinched the lady with the meee big high Bigatti HAT. ! When the caletum made rainbows of a soft and mel- low kind, When the schemers found how worthless were the papers they had signed, When ae slavey slipped the soldier merrily across the jaw, I leaned back and laughed my heart out in one boisterous guffaw— But bo burst of glee was equal to that one that was begat When the copper softly stepped down fo the lady of is the hat. Many, many years [jd ,suffeyed— of rubber- ecking Kind; ? ree eee T had dedged and ‘writhéd’ an@ wriggled, had made ine almost blind Tu my efforts to peekiever, amderneath, around or through Those great monument], structures which shut out the stage. frou Mew. Now the copper caine th Where she sat 40: Justice and she rose from hat. high big with her And she followed to the foyer! Shows in other days have pleased me in’ a frag- mentary way bat Se When I've bad the tuck to ste, sa y ‘of the midst’ McK to sbe, say, forty seconds But this time came fieree ehfeyment; echoed and wide my laugh, Pe ase a And T deemed I had good value for my dollar and halt. Ay, my heart was Nght and merry, I scarce knew Where I was at For the stage was plain before me, Since the copper pinched the hat. ————cee. “Too Old to Pe From Harper's Bazar. One woman, who declares laughingly that her children are “of assorted sizes,” has four little ones between two and ten years of age. With regard to these children she once said to me: “I try to remember that my tallest girl was once the baby, that my seven-year-old boy was in turn petted and cuddled, and that only a short time ago the next to the youngest was the lamb of the flock and received his share of cosseting. ‘The children have, through no fault of their: been pushed along the line to make room for the baby. I have made it a matter of principle never to allow them to feel that they have lost anything by the arrival of another child. I stili pet and ‘mother’ each of them with as much tenderness as if he or she were the only child in the home. Each one of them is still ‘mamma's baby. Their common-sense teaches them that the baby sister cannot wait on herself, and consequently requires constant care, but they know she receives no more love than they. And I shall try to make. them feel that even when they are men and women they shall never be too old for their moth- er’s petting.” Wise woman! Would that more mothers had such thoughtful consideration for their chiidren, who, although they have out- grown babyhocd, have not outgrown the love of being loved! ‘Too many boys and girls lose petting with their baby clothes. It should be remember- ed that with the disappearance of baby dimples and baby plumpness the fondness for mamma’s tenderness does not also dis- appear. Many a heart under a rough school jacket or a white pinafore longs for the “mothering” lavished upon the last ar- rival in the family. One mother tells her cight-year-old daughter that she is not petted as 1s the little brother because she is “leggy and awkward, and not round and pretty like baby. : The mother who pets only the baby, and gives up caressing the growing boy or girl, loses her strongest hold on her daugh- ter’s or her son's heart. She surely has “enough love to go around,” and the child who ts subjected to temptations to naughti- ness and is not attractive to everybody needs the mother love and petting even more than does the cooing, dimpled darl- ing whom everybody seems to love, and upon whom everybody is ready to bestow a tender word or caress. ————_+ e+ —___ A Good Conster. From Harper's Bazar, 2; 1g Bobble—“Oh, Mru'sHighfiler, coasting with you??!) © 0" Mr. Highflier— 44 you want to go coasting with me, Babbig?” Bobbis—“’Cos. I ,hearq my pa say you had gone down hill had ever known.” ” may I go ‘ghstef, than anybody he wile ART AND ARTISTS On Monday there was a reception and tea at Mr. Frank Moss’ studio in the Bar- bizon building, and quite a number of pecple availed themselves of this oppor- tunity to see his work. His atelier was decked out in gala style, and the pleasant lighting made the oictures show up to the best advantage. Mr. Moss has been in Washington only a short time, and many of the visitors made their first ac- quaintance with his work. In addition to bis own paintings, there were many other things tc admire, and special interest was manifested in the collection of tiles bear- ing quick head or figure sketches by Chas. Sprague Pearce, F. A. Bridgman and other Well-known artist: who are numbered among Mr. Moss’ friends. In his own pic- tures, which covered the walls, he shows great versatility, and handles widely differ- ing subjects with equal success. There were many landscapes and marines painted near his summer home in Prout’s Neck, Me., and also a number of important figure can- vases. Among the latter one which at- tracted considerable attention was a large painting entitled “Prayer,” showing a monk kneeling at his devotions. Another, Death of the Hamadryad,” contains a group of graceful nude figures, and has a deli- cate beauty of color that is very pleasing. One of the most interesting of his smaller canvases is a painting showing the interior of a cottage in Clovelly, North Devon, England. Seated at his work bench is the old sailor who taught Charles Kings- ley how to swim, and befriended him in his rough, hearty way. It was in this picturesque work room that Kingsley wrote “Westward Ho!” * x * In a recently completed likeness of Jus- tice Brewer, Mr. H. B. Bradford has demonstrated that color is not always necessary to successful portraiture. It is executed in charcoal, and the likeness is reached in the simplest and most direct manner. He firished a short time ago two other portraits in black and white, a full length figure of Miss Bessie Brewer and a head of Mrs. Morgan. Mr. Bradford de- votes a large part of his time to pen and ink illustration, and recently made a series of ten drawings for a poem written by President Rankin of Howard Univer- sity. * * * Miss Sara Bartle has been quite busy with miniature work, and has recently fin- ished a portralt of Mrs. Fenwick’s little child. She is now working up from an old faded photograph a likeness of a young officer in confederate uriform. As Miss Bartle has a number of orders on hand now, with others in prospect, she will not leave fur New York as early as she had planned. She thinks that her work here will be completed some time in Febru- ary, and she will then go to New York, where she will remain until spring if she receives sufficient encouragement. * = * * Mr. George Gibbs is now at work upon a Picture which he expects to send to the coming exhibition of the Society of Wash- ington Artists. A man dressed in the style prevailing during the early part of the French renaissance is seated at a table, poring over a book by the light of a candle. The significance which underlies the picture is the awakening interest in books and learning, and the man's sword and cloak, which are laid aside, indicate that the supremacy of arms is on the wane. Mr. Gibbs has not, however, attempted to give the picture any very deep meaning, but has taken the subject on account of the interesting effect of light and shade which it afforded. He has studied with great fidelity the effect of light on the man’s face, and his huge shadow on the wall be- hind him. Mr. Gibbs is always interested in effects of light and shade, and caught a quick impression of the recent fire on New York avenue. He has commenced work upon an illustration showing George Wash- ington at a dinner in Alexandria. * * Ok Miss Elizabeth Nourse, who is known to a wide circle of Washingtonians, will shortly leave Paris for Tunis. She expects to remain there some time making char- acter sketches of Arab life, and those who have seen her pictures, when they have been exhibited here, feel confident that her ability will command success in this, as in the other fields in which she has worked. * xx At the new Congressional Library the scaffolding that has hidden the decoration of the corridors surrounding the west main entrance hall on the second floor has been entirely removed, and the plan of decora- tion may be seen in its entirety. The color scheme is based somewhat on that of the Sienna Library, and the hues employed are very brilliant and intense, almost crude in places. The general opinion of artists and connoisseurs who have visited the building seems to be that this part of the library js overdecorated, and that it falls below the high standard of taste shown in the rest of the structure. The truly fine mural paintings by Walter Shirlaw, Robert Reid, Frank Benson and George Barse are, so to speak, stifled in the atmosphere of conventional ornament with which they are surrounded, and appear to poor ad- vantage. Here, as elsewhere in the library, are numerous tablets, upon which appro- priate quotations are inscribed. A special feature which will commend itself to every one is the series of publishers’ marks or trade devices painted upon the walls, and along with the devices of Aldus Manutius, Caxton and the Elzivirs and many others of the earliest printers are the trade marks of the modern publishing houses that have contributed most to the perfection of book- making. George R. Barse’s devorations in the cor- ridor east of the grand stair hall were al- most the last of the actual frescoes to he completed, and the scaffolding there has just been removed. He has filled eignt spaces in the spandrels of the arches, und his decorations correspond in shape to those representing the Sciences, which Walter Shirlaw has painted in the corridor on the opposite side of the hall. Mr. Barse has taken as his subjects Lyrica, Tragedy, Comedy, History, Romance, Fancy, Tra- dition and Erotica, and has typified these subjects by female figures with appropriate emblems. There is nothing very striking in his paintings, but they are extremely decorative and pleasing in color. * * * Anvther man whose work has been re- vealed to view by the removal of the scaf- folding is F. C. Martin. He has painted thirty-two figures for the galleries of the wes. main entrance hall, and, while a nuinber of them show hasty execution, they are in general quite effective. * * ok Before the very coldest weather set in Miss Alice E. Willoughby made a number of trips out into the ccuntry and brought back a number of delightful autumn sketches. While she is successful with this class of suojects her forte seems to be marines. She painted a large number of ship and harbor views when she was in East Gloucester last summer, and made many extremely good sketches. * * * Mr. Leopold Moctler is now at work on several small water color portraits. Among these there is one of an old lady seated in a large arm chair, and the Japanese screen in the background and the richly upholster- ed chair give many opportunities for color. Color is the artist’s strong point, and his portraits are always pleasing and har- onious in tone. The profile portrait of a young lady, which he is now painting, is an example of this, and the delicate pink of the dress, with the greenish view of the | background, makes as delightful a color combination as one could wish. Mr. Moeh- Jer will soon begin work on a number of life-size portraits in pastel. He plans be- fore long to open a studio in one of the down-town ee eps ** Mrs, Atinie E. Hoyle is busy with a large Plece of tapestry containing a number of full-length female figures, dressed in Greek HEART DISEASE. SOMB FACTS REGARDING THE RAPID IN- CREASE OF HEART TROUBLES. DO NOT BE ALARMED, BUT LOOK FOR THE CAUSE, Heart troubles, at least at Americans, are certainly increasing, and while this may be largely due to the excitement and worry of American busi- Ress life, it is more often the result of weak stom- achs, of poor digestion. Real, organic heart disease is incurable, but pot one case in a hundred of heurt trouble is or- es ‘The close relation between heart trouble and Poor tion is because both organs are con- trolled by branches of the same great nerves, the sympathetic pheumogastric. In another way, also the heart if affected » that form poor ‘digestion which causes gas SOUTHERN RAILWAY, PIEDMONT AIR LINE Bchedule in effect Vecember 1, 1896. All tratus arrive and leave at Peupaylvani Seager station, 8:00 A.M.—Datly.—Local for Da tations. Connects at Mi rrisonburg aed way ind at Lynchburg with the Norfolk atural Bridge and Lexington. . —THE UNITED STATES FAST . Carries Puliman Baffet Sleepers, New York and Washington to Jacksonville, uniting at Salis bury with Pullman Sleeper for “Asheville and Hot ings, N. C.; Knoxville and Chatianooga, Charlotic with Pullman Sleeper for Aug Met Sleeper at Atanta for pas :ville, Charlotte fermentation from half-digested food, there is a feeling of ‘oppression and heaviness in the chest caused by pressure of the distended stomach on the heart and lungs, interfering with their action; hence arises puipitation and short breath. J'oor Gicestion also poisons the ood, makes tt — avd watery, which irritates and weakens the cart. ‘The most sensible treatment for heart troubles is to improve the digestion and to insure the Prompt assimilation of fond. This can best be done by the regular use, after meals, of some safe, pleasant and effective digestive Preparation, like Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets, which may be found at most drug stores and which con- tain valuable, harmless digestive clements, in a picasant, convenicnt form. It ts safe to say that the gular, use of Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets at will cure any form cancer of stomach, Full size packages of the Tablets sold by most druggists at $0 ceuts or by mail from Stuart (o., Marshall, Mica, Attle book Address Stuart persistent on stomach _ trou! Co, Marsoall, M which the figures will hold artistic imple- ments. She has recently finished a por- trait in oil of Mr. Keene, and has completed another likeness, which she has seni to Philadelphia. * . * * The Society of Washington Artists met on Tuesday evening at the studio of Mr. Dunbar, and the meeting was one of the largest, if not the very largest, which the organization has ever held. Two new mem- bers, Dr. Kindleberger and Miss Aline Solo- mons, were elected, and a number of names were proposed for membership. Several questions were discussed, but no definite result was reached, and the members ad- journed without having accomplished very much routine business. * * * Miss Anne S. Hobbs of New York city is visiting in this city. Her recently executed miniature of Mrs. Harrison, wife of the ex-President, is very pleasing to the friends of that lady who have seen it. ——.—_—_. AMERICAN TRAINS, They Are Now Successfully daced Upon English Railron From the London Times. As stated in the Times of November 2, the Southeastern Railway Company has re- solved to be the pioneer in introducing in this country railway cars constructed on the American open-vestibule principle for first, second and third-class passengers. The first of these trains, which is to begin running today, is unquestionably in the whole of its details and appointments a singularly fine specimen of English work- manship, as it is also the handsomest train yet offered to all classes of travelers on an English railway. It is to be attached to the company’s service between London, Hast- ings and St. Leonards, and is shortly to be followed by a similar train, which has been ordered from the works of the Metropolitan Carriage Company at Saltley, near Birm- ingham, for use in connection with the Southeastern company’s continental service via Folkestone and Dover. If it be found that the new cars are appreciated by the public more of like character will be pro- vided for the routes to seaside and other places. The Hastings and St. Leonards train, which has cust about £12,000, is slated to accommodate 193 passengers, there being two first-class cars for fifty-one passen- gers, one second-class for twenty-seven passengers and three third-class for 115 Passengers, together with two baggage vans. All the coaches are mounted on four-wheel bogies, and each car weighs twenty-four tons, so that, with the vans of fourteen tons each and the four-wheel bogie express of nearly sixty tons, the total weight of the train is not less’ than 230 tons. The cars are about fifty feet long, and access from one to the cther is obtained by means of flexible vestibule con- nections. Smoking compariments are pro- vided for the three classes of passengers, and eich car has its own lighting, heating and lavatory arrangements. One cf the first-class carriages contains a main saloon thirty feet long, fitted with both revolving nd fixed chairs, while the other is divided © iwo smaller compartments, one of which will be reserv: for the use of lad The second-class car is in three divisions—a ladies’ compartment to seat four at one end, a smoking compartment at the opposite end and the main saloon in the center. The public will be struck with the superior acccmmodatior. offered in the train to third-ciass travelers. The decorations throughout the train are bright and in good taste, the cars are lofty, and, while being warmed in winter, have ample ventilation openings. Mr. A. B. Gill's extremely simple arrangement 1s adopted for the electric illumination, the dynamo being suspended below the frame of the carriage and so adjusted that the varying speed of the train does not affect the current supplied to the lamps. Accu- mulators are fitted to ccntinue the light when the train is at a standstill, and the installation, having given satisfaction on thirty-five other railway lines, promises to be equally successful on the ‘southeastern system. The new train has been con- structed under the superintendence of Mr. H. 8S. Wainwright at the company’s works at Ashford, where 300 ordinary carriages are now being built. From the Chicago Tribune. ‘There were two passengers who sat fac- ing each other as the train rolled into the station. The aisle was full of suburbanites crowd- ing toward the open doors, but these two kept their seats. ‘They were not in a hurry. Finally one of them spoke. “It won't do you any good to wait, mister,” she said. “‘I'm not goin’ to furget this umbrell and walk out and leave it. I'm a little lame. That's why I don't crowd out with the rest of ‘em.’ With the look of an injured man the other passenger got up and made his way as rapidly as possible to the rear door. ———_+e-____ Traveler's Latest. From Tid-Bits. “Tobacco smoking,” said a traveler, “is so common in Holland that it is almost impossible to distinguish one person from another in a room full of smokers.” “But supposing you want to speak to some one present, how are you to find him = Abt tn eardslnaees alesekler bs seni veal with a pair of bellows, with which he blows away the smoke from the face of every perscn until the right one is found!” Steady, There, 10:43 PM. —Datly. WASHINGTON AND SOUTH. WESTERN VESTIBULED LIMITED, composed of Pallman Vestibuled Sleepers, Dinlug Care and Day Coaches Pullman Sicepers” N: ville and Hot Springs, N.C. . via Charlotte, Columbia. and Jacksoa- jad New York to Memphis, via Birming!am; w' York to New Orleans, via Atlanta and Mont= = Vestivuled Day Coach Washington to At Soutbern Ratiway Diaing Car Greensboro” 1 ontgomers. INS ON WASHINGTON AND. OMTO Drvis. JON leave Washington 9:01 a.m. @aily and 4:45 P.m. daily except Sunday. and 6. ‘Sundays gay for Round Hili: 4:52 p.m. daily, except ¥. for Leesberg, 23 iy for Her Returning, arrive at Washington $:26 a.m. and 3:00 B.m. daily from Round Hill, 7:06 a.m dally, ex- cept Sunday, from Herndon, $:84 a.m. dally, exec Sunday, from Leesborg. santo ington, “6: rt and 9:40 Sunday, and 8:30 a.m, daily frot Tickets, Sleeping Car reserw tion furnished at offices, 511 and 1200 Penrsylvania avenue, and st Pennsylvi rallroad passenger station. W._H. GREEN, General Supt. IM. CULP. Trattic W. A TUR L. 8. BROWN, WASHINGTON, ALEXANDRIA AND MT. VERNON RAILWAY. From Station, 15% st. and Penna, ave. In ‘effect July. 20. FOR ALEXANDKIA.—6:40, 7 8:80 ex. daily, ex Sharlot teavill fon and tnforma- SIDE AND WAY 0), 12:05, 2:05, INGTON, Daily.—8:00, 9:00, 10:05, 11:00, 12:05, 1:15, 2:05, 2:40, 5:00, 6:05, EB Baggage checked free for passeuge class tickets at station. ABROTT, Geu. Manager. ae8 CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILWAY. THROUGH THE GRANDEST SCENERY AMERICA. ALL TRAINS — VESTIBULE ELECTRIC LIGHTED, STEAM HEATH MEALS SERVED IN DINING CARS. TION SIXTH AND B SiREbGS. Schedule tn effect December 13, 1896, 2:20 ¥.M. VALLY—Cincinuatt and St. Louis Spe- ¢lal—Solid train for Cincinuati, Puliuaa sivep-rs to tunati, Lexingicn, Louisville, Andiauapulis and St Louis wituout change Parlor cars Cincin- Bat! to Chicago. 11.37 P.M DAILY—¥, for ‘Cureinuatt. IN sr Hted -Soiid train to Clncinuati, change. Upen ap aq Pulluvan compartueut car to Virxinia Mot without change, Tuesdays and Saturdays. Daily connection for tbe Springs. Sleepers Cincinnati te Chicagu and St. Leis 10:57 AM., EXCEPT SUNDAY—Via Richmond for Old Point’ and Norfolk. Only rall lve. 2:20 P.M. DAILY--For Gordunsvilie, Charlottes- gic, Staunton und for iichmond, daily, except nly. Ateservations and tickets at Chesapeake and Ohio offices, 5i3 and 1421 Pennsylvania avenuc, 1110 F wepe: without street nortuwest, and at the station. i. W. FULLER, 013-584 General Passenger Agent. BALTIMORE AND OH10 RAILKOAD. Schedale in effect December 7, 1898, Leave Washington from station corner of New Jersey avenue and C street. For Chicago und Northwest, Vestibuled Limited treins 10:00 a.m., 8:05 p.m. For Cincinnati,” St. Louis and Indianapolis, Ves- tibuled Limited 3.40 p.m., ex; 11.30 p.m. Fi seland, express daily 10:00 Winciester and way stations, 10:00 a.m. m. For New Orleans, M: tavooga, Knoxville, Bristol is, Birmingham, Chat- und Moanoke, 9:00 p.m, r a . 25:05, x55, 6:80, 25.00, 1 night. Bm e Annapolis, 7:10 and 8:30 a.m., 12:10 and 4:36 p.m. Sundays, : For Fregerick, ny 30, 5:30 p.m. Sunday isk agerstown, 10:00 a.m. and For Royd and way poiot 5:30, 7:05 p.m." Sundays, < and bm. Washington Junction and was 4:30, 5:30 pm. week days. Cape May, 10 a.m.. 12 noon, ROYAL BLUE LIXE Fok NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA, Al trains i ted with Pintsch light. For Philadelphia, New York, Boston and the F: cek days 8:00 "(10-00 a.m. Dining 1 :35 Diaing Car), 3:00 :05 Dining a night; Sleeping Car open at 10:00 o'clock). gers @:00 a.m. Dining Car), (12:35 Dining Ca 3:00 (5:05 Dining Car) i might. Bleeping « Open 10:09 o'clock. © Ada trains for Philadel- phia, woek days. 7:05 a.m.; dally, Roffet Parlor Cars on ali day tral For Atlantic City, 23 p.m week days, tExcept Sunday. Exp! Baggage called for and checked from how residences by Union Transfer Co. on orders” et offices, 619 Pennsylvania avenue a. York avenue ‘and 15th street and at depot yM. M. GREENE, CHAS. 0. SCULL, ez Manager. Gen. Pass. PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. Station corner of Sixth and B streets. In Effect November 15. 1896. Panic and Dining Gace Harrisoary to Pitisoes to isburg. h PENNSYLVANIA LIMPTED.- Pullin ning, and Observations Curs to Chicago, ti, Indianapolis, Cleveland abd Toledo. © Buffet Farlor ir to Harrisbare. 60 AM. FAST LINE.—Pullman Buf: se, Klarrieburg. Buffet Parlor Car Harrisburg ML Chitcaco AND ST. LOUIS EXPRESS. man Buffet Parlor Car to Harrisburg. Slecp- ing and Dining Cars Harrisburg to St. Loals, Cin- elpnati Louisville and Chi 7:10 P.M. WESTERN EX .—Pullman Slee & Car Pittsburg to Chik apd ig to fe 0 PRESS. -Pu ans Dining Car to ims ington to Pitrsourg and and Ciocines tt. protease PIC EXPRESS, —Puliman Sleeping MPs Car to Pittsburg. -M. ane, Canandaigua, Rochester aud Rigcara Palle dally, except, Sunday. 10:50 A.M. for Elmira aid Renovo falls, except Sunday. ‘For Lock Haven week-days and Will- mspvit Sundays, 3:40 P.M. 10 P.M. for Williamsport, Roches:er, Bulcle end iagara Falls daily, except Satu~day, with Slecp- ing Cat Washington to Suspension’ Bridge via 40 P.M. for Erie, Canandaigua. Rochester, But. falo and Niagara Falis datiy, Siceping Car Was! ‘on to Elmira. For Philadelphia, New York ana the East. 200 P.M. “CONG! <AL "IMITED.”” datly, ail Parlor Cars, with Dinlag Car from Baltimore. ar at 7:60 (Dining Car); 8:00, 9:00, 10:06 od 11 Car from Wil- 45, €:50, 10:00 and niger Fe sccreh eee eeee