Evening Star Newspaper, November 28, 1896, Page 21

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1896—24 PAGES. THE LAND OF SUGAR A Visit to the Biggest Plantation in Louis SUGAR KING WHO WAS ONCE A PEDDLER How the Cane is Grown, Cut and Ground Up. RIVERS OF SWEETNESS —— eS (Copyrighted, 1896, by Frank G. Carpenter.) GODCHAUX PLANTATION, RACELAND, La., November 24, 1896. WRITE THIS LET- ter on the biggest sugar plantation of the south. Surround- ing me are miles of sugar cane. I can stand im the fields and see nothing but sugar, sugar, sugar, as far as my eyes can reach. I_am on the chief sugar planta- then of Leon God- chaux, and Godchaux s more sugar land than other man in Louisiana. He owns 3 here and he has eleven other big plantations, aggregating in all more than 80,000 acres, of which fully 10,000 acres are now in cane. It takes something like one thousand men to run this plantation, and his army of employes all told is greater than that of Xenophon when he made his famous retreat. Leon Godchaux lives in New Orleans. He ts now worth many mil- lions of dollars. He came to Louisiana when he was a boy of seventeen, with a peddler's pack upon his back, and he sold gcods on many of the rich plantations which he now owns. This was in the days before the war, when the planters had their negroes and money was squandered like water. The madams and misses bought of the French peddler, never dreaming that the dav would come when he could buy them out. It did come, however. He is the sugar king of| takes an army of laborers to raise sugar cane, and the harvesting it entails so much work that all the negroes from miles about are called into the service of the planters. Gangs of Cavc Cutters, During my stay here hundreds of men have been cutting cane. They work in gangs under overseers. From thirty to forty negro men and women are in each gang. Each hand carries a great flat knife, about as long as a butcher's cleaver. It has a hook on the end and a’saw on the back. The cane as it stands in the field is from eight to fifteen feet high. The pieces which are carried to the sugar mill are not more than five feet in length. The stalks must be trimmed of their leaves. They Tmust be cut off at the top and must be chopped off close to the ground, os the best of the sugar water is found in the lower part of the stalk. It is wonderful how quick the cutters do their work. As they stand in the fields they face what looks to be a solid wall of cane, and they chop their way, as it were, right through this wall. You see their knives flashing. Every blow counts, and they throw the stalks into piles or rather windrows of cane clubs. As they work the overseer watches them, and a timeke2per gees along beside them and sees that every man and every woman is at work. Thc wages are very low. They get from 60 cents to $1 a day, according to their skill, and are boarded on the plantation. They sleep in cabins, a number of them lying on the flcor id getting their rest as best they can. The hours are from daylight until dark, and there are few stops. At the same time that the cane is cut great carts,drawn by three mules, are driven into the field. Another gang of laborers throw the cane into them and it is carried off to the rail- road track, which runs through all parts of the plantation. Here the cane is hoisted into the cars by means of a-pulley, a whole cart load being put Into the cars at one time. When a train load is ready the en- gine carries it to the refinery, and it is turned into sugar. Where We Get Our Sugar. I spent some time in watching the processess of making sugar from cane. Nearly all the sugar made in the United States comes from cane, and about half the sugar used in the world is of this nature. Within the past few years a vast amount of sugar has been manufactured out of beets in different parts of Europe and the United States. The most of our sugar, however, until lately came from cane. The product now amounts to almost 3,000,000 tons a year, and of this fully 250,009 tons are produced in the United States. In 184 the product of our cane sugar amounted to more than 600,000,000 pounds, and we im- Ported that year almost — 4,000,000,000 pounds of cane sugar additional. We paid in 1894 $111,000,000 for the sugar we im- ported, and there is no doubt that with the improved methods of making sugar here all of this could be raised in Louisiana and Texas. Formerly the United States paid WHERE THE SUGAR CANE GROWS. saved his money, made good investments, finally established a big dry goods store in New Orleans, and he row has the largest establishment of this kind south of Mason and Dixon's line. He has interests of many kinds. He owns stocks, bonds and 1 galore. His income from sugar in the past been enormous. Dur- single year he received, I am told, more than a half a million dollars from the government in bounties alone, and in the year of 1894-5, last year, he produced more than 27,000,000 pounds of white sugar and turned out enough molasses, I venture, to float an ovean steamer. Today Mr. God- chaux is a man of over seventy, but he shows the same care in nis business that he did when he was a peddier, and his plan- tations are as well managed as any in the worlc. They have the most costly ma- chinery. There are twelve miles of rail- road upon this plantation where I am writ- ing, and a little steam engine hauls the cane from the fields to the great refinery, which squeezes out the julce and turns it into sugar. Mr. Godchaux has refineries connected with nearly all of his planta- tons, and, as his son told me, ‘he can make his product as cheaply as any one in the world. Louisiana Sugar Farms. Louisiana could easily supply the sugar for the United States. It has vast areas of sugar jand which are not yet tilled. I rode through half a dozen plantations in com- ing here from New Orleans, and I am told that the plantations extend for hundreds of miles to the westward. It is hard without seeing it to appreciate the beauties of a big field of sugarcane. The stalks are of the greenest green. They grow ten feet and upward in height, and as you look at them frem the car windows they are a solid mass cf green. You may have seen fields of Indian corn. A sugar plantation ts not unlike them, save that the crop is greener and more luxuriant. You ride for @ long distance through fields of this kind, the car track being walled, as it were, with green save where here and there wide roads cut thelr way through the fields. Now and then you see the smoke of a great sugar factory streaming out against the biue sky, and between the plantations you pass woods loaded down with Spanish moss. Soma of the forests carry such mass- es of this moss that the trees have died by the weight. The moss hangs from the branches, it wraps itself about the limbs, it covers the trunks, and clothes the dead trees, as it were, in sbrouds of oxidized silver. The Cost of a Sugar Pinntation. It was from a forest like this that Leon Godchaux made his big sugar plantation. The trees were hundreds of years old, and they stood in a swamp. He bought the land for a song, but it cost him, I am told, semething like $27 an acre to clear it. He had first to get off the trees and then to drain the land by running great canals through it. Some of these canals are thirty feet wide and almost a.river of water Passes through them. The canals have high banks or levees to keep back the water durfig the tropical rains. After draining the stumps were blown out with dynamite and then the land was plowed and redrained. . How Sugar Cane ts Raised. It takes a great deal of work to produce @ spoonful cf sugar. I had this forced upon me during my trip over the planta- tion. An intelligent creole was sent with me and we drove behind one of Mr. God- chaux’s fast horses. We rode for miles between fields of cane which was ready for cutting, and stopped for a time where the land was being planted for the next year’s crop. Suga: cane is not grown from seed, the stalks themselves are planted, and out of every joint of cane sprouts up a new stalk. The land must first be care- fully plowed and great furrows are run at a distance of seven feet apart from one side of the field tothe other. ‘Then s:alks of fresh sugar cane with their tops cut off are laid horizontally three side by side in the furrows, the pieces overlapping each other until each furrow has, as it were, three long pipes of cane running from one end of it to the other. Then the soll is thrown over these pipes with the plow. ‘This is done in the fall. In the spring ali but one inch of the earth ts scraped off, and under the warm sun the little green sprouts shoot out of the ground, making long ribbons of green, as it were, against the black field. They grow rapidly and from time to time the dirt is thrown up to them. By August the plants are six feet in height. They grow on_until the middle of October, they are ready to be cut and taken to the refinery for the making of sugar. Sometimes the cane is planted in the spring, but the method of growing it is much the same, the new cane in all cases sprouting from the knots of the old. It | | bounty to the sugar producers. Since these have been cut off the business has dropped, and at present, I am told, there is no money in sugar making. 'With a new bounty and a moderate tariff our sugar in- dustry would boom, and this section of the United States would rapidly develop. It takes an enormous amount to manage one of these sugar houses. The refinery here cost, I em told, about $350,000. It covers eres, and its machinery is of the most expensive kind. At present it is making sugar which sells for between 3 and 4 cents a pound, and this Mr. Godchaux's son, the manager, tells me does not pay the cost of running the mills. And still not a cent is wasted. Everything is done on the largest scale. There are no stops, the cane goes into the mill looking like corn stalks, and it comes out sugar and mo- 3. Eight Hundred Tons a Day. This refinery eats up 800 tons of cane a day, and each ton produces 150 pounds of sugar. Think of that! Out of this mill comes every day 120,000 pounds of the sweetening which is used on our table. A pound of table sugar a day 1s a good allow- ance for the ordinary family. This factory grinds out enough daily to keep 120,000 families going, or more than enough for the table use of any one of our cities, ex- cepting the largest ones. The cane is not touched after it leaves the car. It is thrown on to a movable belt, or movable roadway, which carries it up to the top of the mill and drops it between great iron rollers which have teeth like a round file. Loading Sugar Cane. These rollers are about as big around as a hogshead and about seven feet long. They are very heavy. They are so arranged that an enormous weight is added to them by hydraulic pressure, and as the cane is drawn through them by means of the teeth catching the fibers this great weight presses the juice out of it and it comes out almost dry. It is now sprinkled by means of machinery and carried on to go through a second pair of rollers quite as heavy as the first. Now the pith which is left contains as little water as a last year’s corn stalk. It is carried on from the rollers upon another elevated railway and emptied into the enormous furnaces which run the machinery of the mill. When the stalks of cane left the cars they were very heavy. They were as full of juice as a half-soaked sponge is of water. They come out as dry as tinder and you could light them with a match. Rain of Sweet Water. Come with me below the great roller presses and see where the juice goes to. You see it pouring down In torrents fronr the lower parts of the rollers. It falls in the shape of a sweet rain into a trough about a foot wide, and this flows in a steady stream both day and night, as long as the mill is running: Put your finger in this water and take a taste of the liquid a8 it comes from the cane. _ The fluid is of a greenish yellow. It looks dirty.. It reminds you of dish water; and the taste is almost sickening. Still, ot of that sweet dirty dish water the pure white sugar must come. .The water, however, must: first Be clarified. -Every hit of dirt a taken at ee ghee ‘be jeac! uit’ is as clear as crys! : fore it sence ‘tor boiling. down - Se “How Syrup is Made. ~-— holding 2,000 gallons, and. each, having pipes running through them. These pipes edmit a gas made of sulphur, which is blown abeut through the water. The gas —— makes the juice bubble and a yellow foam almost like soapsuds stands on its top. Lime is also put in in order to settle the dirt on the same principle as it is used in clarifying water and at the same time +| the scum is skimmed off. After this the water having passed through several tanks has become clearer and clearer, and it is now ready for boiling. is done in great kettles or vats of copper. These have steam colls in them, and the sweet fluid is soon raised to a boiling heat. As it seethes a scum rises to the top. This ts brushed off by men with great wooden ladies. It flows from one tank to another, growing clearer and clearer and thicker and thicker. Taste it now! It is the purest of syrup, and its color has become a light yellow. Taffy for Millions. Look at the syrup as it seethes in the tank! What an enormous amount there is of it! Follow it in those pipes which carry it to the floor above, and look at the enor- mous vats which are filled with the sweet fluid. There is enough syrup here to give a whole state a taffy-pulling. There is one big barrel which contains forty thous- and pounds, and in which the syrup is beiling and seething in the process of being turned into sugar. Come on to that great vat and see the half granulated molasses which fills it. What a fine swimming tank it would make. It is forty feet long, and so deep that ff you fell in you would be drowned in the sweet fluid. Take up a spoonful of the mixture. It is now a sort ot mush of sugar and molasses, and it only needs the drying machine to take out the sugar. These separate the molasses from the sugar, and if you will walk on into that room over there you may see the pure white grain falling down from the ceil- ing In an almost endless stream. You may see, also, two men shoveling back the sugar in order that it may be evenly spread over the room. Their sleeves are rolled up and their legs are bare to the knee. They stand with their bare feet covered by the warm white sugar, and shovel it about as though it were sand. From here the sugar is bar- reled up ready for shipment, going almost directly from the factory to the great wholesale houses by which it is distributed over the country. Molasses at One Cent a Gallon. In the above I have used the word mo- lasses in some places where I should have said syrup. There is a great difference be- tween molasses and syrup. Syrup is made from the fine juice of the cane. Molasses is the refuse from the making of sugar. It contains the poorest parts of the juice. It is not free from the dirt, and it is only allowed to remain in the state of molasses when no more sugar can possibly be Squeezed from it. ‘There are in this re- finery hot rcoms filled with great jars of molasses, which are left for weeks in order that they may granulate into sugar. What remains after all the sugar possible has been taken out is sold for one cent and upward per gallon. Cheap, isn’t it? One cent a gallon for molasses. It is sold so cheaply, in fact, that it does not pay to put it In barrels, for the barrels would be worth more than the syrup it contains, so it is carried from one part of the country to another in tank cars, like coal oll, and is beught largely in bulk. There are, of course, different grades of molasses, and I am told that much New Orleans molasses is made direct from the cane, and, of ccurse, brings fnuch higher prices than the refuse of the sugar refinery. Changes in Sugar Making. A great change, however, is going on in sugar making throughout this whole sec- tion. The sugar kings of the days before tke war have disappeared. The old sugar mill, which used to run by horse power, is @ thing of the past, and the sugar of to- day is produced after as careful business methods as those of making iron and steel. A great many men from the west, east and middle states have succeeded to the owner- ship of the sugar plantations! A number of the estates have been bought up by cor- Perations, and the great sugar landlords g10w less in number every year. In 1800 there were twelve hundred and Seventy-four sugar producers. I am told that there are now less than five hundred, and like all great business, the sugar seems to be going into the form of a trust. This is not so much so in regard to sugar plant- ers as to sugar makers. The big refineries all buy cane, and the small planter of the future will sell his cane to the refineries. A large part of the Godchaux cane is pu chased of small planters, and the managers of the refinery here told me that the plant- ers were getting all the money out of the business. Now that McKinley is elected, there will probably be a movement organ- ized to put a bounty on sugar. If this is done, the business will boom and prosperity will come to Louisiana and other sections where sugar is raised. FRANK G. CARPENTER. ——— One on the Expert. From the Chicago Times-Herald. Several years ago the sult of Goldsmith versus the Chicago City Railway Company was on trial. A pompous and pretentious doctor was placed cn the stand by the Plaintiff. He described the injuries sus- tained by the plaintiff as permanent and employed a large number of long medical terms, concluding with the statement that the plaintiff's legs were atrophied and that this condition of atrophy resulted from the fall the plaintiff sustained. In the cross-examination A. 8. Trude, the defendant's attorney, asked the witness IZ such physical condition had ever arisen in his practice. “No,” replied the pompous medical, “but I have read of a number in the medical books.” “Are you familiar with medical authori- ties?" the witness was asked. “Yes, sir; all of them,” replied the wit- ness, with an air of great wisdom. “Is Professor Grey a well-known author- ity, and do your views and his coincide?” “Yes, sir; perfectly. “Doctor, have you read Lived?” “Thoroughly.” {Gan you point out any page in either?” “No, both are large books, and I haven't the time.” “Doctor, will you swear you ever saw a book edited by Lived?” “Why, certainly.” “Spell for the court ‘Lived’ backward.” At this question the judge and jury and people there craned their necks, wondering at the meaning of such procedure. “D-e-y-I-1,” slowly spelled the witness. “Now, if the court please, if the witness will find such an author as ‘Lived’ I will give up the case and allow a verdict for the full amount sued for by the plaintiff,” con- cluded Mr. Trude. The jury and spectators broke out in laughter, while the pompous medical “ex- pert” resembled a punctured balloon. _ + + —___ A Natural Question. From Puck. ‘Little Clarence—“Pa Mr. Callipers—“Eh Little Clarence—“Pa, does a woman preacher kiss the bride or the groom after marrying ‘em? -+o2—_____ In Colonial Days. From Puck. The Settler's Wife—“Why should we go any further into the wild@rness? Why not build our cabin here, where there are eight or ten families already?” The Settler—“Gadzooks! What would’st thou? A couple of hundred years from now there would be folks around here blow- = that our family isn’t the oldest in the place.” The CURSE Of maskiod—contaytous blood polson—clatmed as its victim Mr. Frank B. Martin, 926 Pennsylvenia avenue, Washington, D. C., and the usual physician’s treatment did him not slightest good. His condition -cached that deplorable stage which only this terrible disease can produce. HE CURE After all else fafled, was at last found in 8. 8. S—the greatest of all blood remedies. Bighteen bottles: removed the disease perma- nently, and left his skin without a blemfah, @& BS <is guaranteed + s i Dr. Shade "is the only ist in thi ‘Dr. Shade’s chiorki nd, catarebal St. Paul street, Balt! booklet Write for and: blank for those de “home” treatment; ee shade jn charge. Consultation free. 1233 street northwest. no2l-stt —— == —s SOME FOOLISH BETS. ‘Within the Year Some Curto Have Been Won and Lost. From London Spare Moments. The last six months have seen some cu- ricus bets made, won and lost. To start with, we have that of two Englishmen at Monte Carlo, who ran'a race for a prize of 1,000 francs, the winner of which, so, the ccnditions ran, had fo immediately stake the loser’s money on the red at the tables. Of the luck which attended the venture, and the “red” dinner which the favorite of fortune afte: ward gave at the Savoy Hotel, when the lights, decorations and even the waiters’ shirt fronts were vermilion hue, much has been writtén already. A few weeks ago a butcher of Berwick wagered that he would empty a quart bot- tle of whisky in four gulps. The man, who was fifty years of age, accomplished his task, but was immediately taken queer, and after a short illness died. A fcolhardy cycling feat, undertaken by a@ young Englishman -named French, was recently accomplished.at Monaco fora bet of $500. The object to be accomplished was the descent from Monaco -proper to _the Condamine quarter on. a unicycle. When the reader is informed that not only is the path very steep and has three turn- ings, but is broken in several places by steps, the difficulty of taking a unicycle ever such a course whout the rider falling off will be appreciated. Another peculiar wager came off at Gour- don, ‘a town famons:for nuts and truffies, in the southwestern department of the Lot, when sixty-five women bad a nut-eracking race. There were twenty-three prizes, of which 12 francs and a sack of nuts was the best. The ccnsolation prize was not what you might calf valuable, and consisted of the debris of the shells only. Ten _kilo- grams of nuts had to be cracked and pre- pared ready to be put in cakes, and in twelve and one-half minutes the race ended in a dead heat. One of the most startling wagers of the kalf year—startling because it was made in the house of commons itself in open de- bate—was that of Mr. Gibson Bowles, who offered to bet Sir W. K. Shuttleworth that his (Mr. Bowles’) memory was better than that of the worthy baronet. Had the bet been taken, which it was not, Mr. Gibson Bowles would have had to deplore the loss of one guinea, the sum he wished to wager on himself, as he had to acknowledge tho following da: Ones Too Good to Be True. Fiom the Chicago Post. “I think your daughter intends to elope,” The old man looked at the neighbor who was always interfering in matters that did not concern him and shook his head. “I can hardly believe it,” he said. “I have every reason to believe—” “But that won't do,” interrupted the old man. “You forget that this is a serious matter that ought net to be allowed to rest upon hearsay evidence. When one man comes to another and tells him that. his daughter is about to forsake the paren- tal roof under cover of the night he should be absolutely sure of What he says. Have you incortrovertibie “evidence that what you say is true?” “Well, no, I can’t say that I have,” re- plied the officious neighbor, beginning to feel that perhaps he had gone too far. “Just as I feared,” returned the old man, ‘This is the third time I've had my hopes needlessly raised by reports of this sort, and it is growing monotonous.” ——_—_~+e-- A Reason for Golf’s Popularity. From Puck. Mirlam—“I wonder why golf is so popu- lar?” Millicent—“Why, because there is nothing so nice as a golf suit In which to ride a bicycle.” EDUCATIONAL. _ IN WASHINGTON, MISS EVA MILLS’ “SINGING CLUB,” LADIES and gentlemen; to assist those with good voices to acquire perfect method; membership, $2 per mo. 604 12th st.; hours, 6 to 7. no28-1w" WIMODAUGHSIS CLASSES, 1425 NEW YURK ave.—Typewriting, French, arithmetic, history, dictation, ‘stenography, physteal culture, elocu- tion, grammar, German, dressmaking, journalism, Uterature, current events. 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Fourteenth’ year opens’ Oct. 1, 1896. _oc31-s,tf DRAMATIC AIL DEEP BREATH. ELOCUTION & DRAMATIC ART, DE¥I - ING, EXPRESSION, NATURALNESS. Studio, 1019 H.W., after 4 p.m. Send for circular. MISS BALCHUS CIVIL SERVICE INSTITUTE AND Business College—1311 11th st.—1,700 persons pre- pared for examinations. Stenography taught by one of the greatest experts in Washington, nos-tf MRS. ESTELLE H. DAVIS, Pupil of Mr. F, F. Mackay—Elocution; Private and Class Instruction, "1328 W_ st. pod-1m* Gaillard School 023 32%: See = r- Dally clauses and pel: Of Languages, vate reson. “nostitt A Business Education. BOOKKEEPIN baie taae is a eae aer ponlence, pel ak. eewitiag om a eae Md patent drawing; day and evening; now is the time to join; more than 200 already enrolled; new building, gyimaasium, prizes, ete“ WooD'S_ COMMERCIAL COLLEGE, oc814f 311 BAST CAPITOL ST. OKELEY °z,2* SCHOOL Home Young Jadies and little children, 1759 Madison st., Dupont Circle. Miss B, V, HETH, A.M mod-2ate ‘MISS LAISE, 1833 12TH.—SHORTHAND, PITMAN system; Naw and Fe, papinners: c classes; typewriting business course; vil servics and other sane. ‘Practical work. elvil service and other exams. Sons, Experienced lady teacher. C. K. URNER, ne The lending ‘school of’ business and shorthand. Highest attainable grade of instruction at mod- R, A. Principal. erate cost. nolT-tt Banjo and Mandolin Instruction by Miss Buckingham, at Studio, 1522 6th st. n.w., or at home of pupil, nol6-1m* ‘sea Education for Real D. Situations for graduates. COLLEGE. Corner 7th and D n.w. Day and Night Sessions, Write for handsome annual announcement. con- taining full particulars und business record of gradugtes for thirty years. if Mrs. SARA A. SPENCER, ols Principal and Proprietor. PROF. ARNOLD W. MEYER, Leipsig graduate; piano ard voice culture; mod- ern methods. Upright plano for sale; special rovel advantage offered to purchaser. Pamphlet. 1687 13th st. nw. nol3-Im* Eduard A. Lovy, TEACHER OF VIOLIN AND COMPOSITION, Btudlo, 1827 F et. n.w. (Sanders & Stayman.) noll-im Mrs. D. A. Ambrose, INSTRUCTOR BANJO, MANDOLIN AND GUITAR, noll-lm STUDIO, 1263 T ST. N.W. THORALD JERICHAU, Ph. B., will receive pupils ou Plano, Organ, Theory ‘and Composition. Studio, Droop's Musle Store. Apply Droop's or Ellis’ Music Hous: Tria} lessons free. nol1-25" LANGUAGES. THE BERLITZ SCHOCI OF LANGUAGES, 123 Fourteeath st. n.w. Branches in Jeeding American and Haropean cities. Glasses and private Teasons. Trial lesson free. 09-tf HOTELS. ~ 21 RAILROADS. ‘Tine List Appears Brery Saturday. HOTEL POCKET GUIDE FREE, Vor Information, Circulars, etc.,of any Hotel below, Call at oF address (send stamp) the HOTEL TARIFF BUREAU, $3 Fifth Ave., New York. 3 arc ic (A. P. means American Pian; E. P., European.) ALBANY, N. Y. Hotel Kenmore, A.P., $4 BALTIMORE, MD........The Stafford, K P., $1.50 do... --The Carrollton, A. P., $3 up ELOOKLYN, N.¥.Hotel St.George, E-P..¥ = @..@. W. Blake) Clarendon Hotel, E. CINCINNATI, Ohio. .Grand Hotel, E.P., $1; DENVER, Col.New St. James Hotel, A.! do... Hotel Windsor, A.P., . ST. AUGUSTINE...Aleazar, A-P. Open Nov. 24 do The Ponce de Leon, AP. “* Jan. 20 do Hotel Cordova, E.P. o- ORMOND.....The Ormond, A.P. Open Jan. 9 ‘| zi PALM B'CH, Palm B’ch Inn, AP.“ Dec. 23 do Royal Polrciana, AP. “ Jan. 16 | MIAMI....The Royal Pala, AP. “ Jan. 1 INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. ‘The Denison, A-P., §3 up JERSEY CITY,N.J..Hotel Washington, E.P.,$1.60 up KANSAS CITY,Mo.TheMidland,E.P.,S1up; A.P.,43up LAKEWOOD, N. J......Hotel Lakewood, A.P., $ LONDON,Eng.DeVere Hotel) De Ver dens. do Broadwalk do Kensington Palace, W. do Prince of Wales do Specially recommended. MOBILE, Ala.Battle House,E.P.,§1 up; A-P.,$3 up NAPLES, Italy. -Hotel Royal des Etrangers, Most fasbionable hotel in Naples, AD’., 33 NEW ORLEANS, La. .Hotel Grunewald, E.P., §1 up NEW YORK....,.....¥ifth Avenue Hotel, AP, $ -+-The Majestic, E.P. ao. do,(W.¥.Leland)The Windsor, E. 2. do.......The Gerard, E.P., $1 @0..The Marlborough, EP, $1 e do....-(L, L. Todd) ‘The Vendome, Ei do.(B'way & 13th si : do...Hotel Westminster, E.P., $2 J do. .CWm. G. Lelaud) Grand Hotel, E.P., $1 up do. (Davis & Foster) Hotel St. Andrew,E.P.$1.50 @o, (E.11th st.) Albert—St. Stephen, E.P.. do..Gth ave. & 10th st.) The Grosvenor, A. @o..Hotel Endicott, E.P., $2; A-P., $3.50 up 40. .(B'way&27th) Tae Metropolitan,E.P.,$1 up do.(Wm. Nelle) Hotel Grenovie, E. 40.(59th st.& B’way) Hotel Pomero: 4o.Gth av.&15 at.)Hotel Kensington, do.(s.¢.cor.5th 15th st.) Hotel Hanover OLD P°T COMFORT,Va..The Chamberlin, A.P., #4 do. (C.E.Leland), Hotel Hanover, PHILADELPHIA. Colonnade, E.P.,§1.50;- AP. (The finest cuisine in Philadelphia.) PITTSBURG, Pa. Hotel Anderson, A.P., $3 up PORTSMOUTH, N. H....The Rockingham, A-P., $4 QUEBEC, Canada. .Chateau Frontenac, A.P., $8.00 RICHMOND, Va. +The Jefferson, A.P., $5 up ROCHESTER, Whitcomb House, A.P., $2 up ST. LOUIS,Mo. Girep'f) Southern Hotel,A.P.,$3 to $3 do. .Lindell Hotel, E.P.,$1.50 up; A-P.,§2.50 up .C.....Arlington Hotel, Hotel Normandie, E.P., $2; A. ++-The Ebbitt House, A.P., $4 up he Raleigh, E.P., $1.50 up Hotel Belleyue Is right in the heart of Boston—all the raflroad stations, steamboat landings, theaters, clubs and principal points of antercst within half a mile of it—yet perfectly retired and quiet. Rooms and suites for both transient and permanent guests. Cafe and service unsurpassed. European plan. Send for booklet. 17 to 23 Beacon st. 0°3-8,52t J. W. SMITH, Prop'r. POTOMAC RIVER BOATS. The Weems Steamboat Co. SCHEDULE. Steamer Potomac lea th st. wharf every Sunday at 4 p.m. for river landings and Baltimore. Pussenger accommodations strictly first class. Elec- trie ete throvghout. All river freight must be prepaid. Special rates given on Baltimore freight. STEPHENSON BROS., Agents. 910 Pa. ave. Telephone, 7: seT-tt E. 8. RANDALL POTOMAG RIVER LINE.— Steamer Harry Randall leaves River View Wharf, 7th strect, Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday, at 7 » landing at all wharves far down as Mad- dox creek, Va., including Chapel Point and Colontal Beach, returning on Mondays about 9 p.m.; Wed- nesdays and Fridays about 3:30 p.m. Passenger ac- commodations first-class. Freight received until hour of sailing. Telephone 1765. F. A. REDD & ©0., E. 8. RANDALL, Agents, Alexandria. letor and Manager. GEV. 0. CARVINTER, Gen. Agt., $a30 Washington, D.C. STEAMER WAKEFIELD, FOR POTOMAC RIVER LANDINGS, Leaves Washington, D. C., foot of 7th st., Mon- days, 7 a.m., for intermediate landings to Colouial Beach, Bushwood, Kock Toint, Nomini Creek, St. Clement and Breton Bay landings. Wednesdays, 7 a.m., for intermediate landings to Colonial Beach, Bushwood. Rock Point, Colton's, Leonanitor Abell’s, owuini Creck, Piney Point, St. George's Island, Smith's Creek, Coan avd Yeo: comico rivers. Saturdays, T a.m., for intermediate landinzs to Colonial Beach, Bushwood, Rock Point, Nom! Creek, Colton’s.” (See schedules.) C. W. "RIDLE General Manager. ‘Do2-tt OCEAN “TRAVEL. Mr. Henry Stopsack, Teacher of piano and violin. Studio, 617 Penna. ave. Warhington, D.C. oct-3m* Chenoweth Institute, 1842 Vermont ave. and Iowa Circle, select board- ing and day school for young ladies. Miss MARY ©. DAVENPORT CHENOWETH, Principal. se2-3m_ Kindergarten Nermal. ‘The Eltzabeth Peabody Kindergarten Normal School, and Mrs. Mcnn’ indergarten and School, 1918 Bunderland place, will begin fall session Oct.,1, 1896. Children taught French aud German. sel-3m Washington College FOR Young Ladies, 8D AND T STS. N.B. ‘Now open to boarding and day pupils, Grounds a park of ten acres. Elect courses. Music and elocution of high grade and reasonable. 8029-2m_ F, MENEFEE, Pres’t. Bliss School of Electricity. Incorporated. Bliss building, 35 B st. n.w. FOURTH YEAR. Praciical electrical engimering and mechanical draughting exclusively taught. Laboratories fully equipped. Has its own electric light plant, and fe the ONLY institution of its kind in the ‘coun- try. Visitors welcome. Catalogues on aj tion, L. D. BLISS, President. Vocat Miss Katie V. Wilson, Yo... Pupil of ard especially recommended by Mr. William Shakespeare of London. Studio and resi- dence, 132) 10th st. n.w. aug1-3m FRIENDS’ SELECT SCHOOL, 1811 I ST. N.W., For BOTH SEXES OF ALI. GRADES. A NEW GYMNASIUM, equipped with Sargent apparatus, has just been’ built and the laboratory enlarged. Students trained in this school in secordans with modern methods readily meet the require. ments of the most advanced colleges, and usu- ally under the average age. ocig-tt _ THOMAS W. SIDWELL, Principal. Olney School, 1206 18th st., facing ‘Conn. ave. Boarding and day school for girls. Removed from 1827 I st. Miss Virginia Mason Dorsey and Miss Laura Lee Dorsey, Principals. oelT-tf MT. VERNON SEMINARY, CORNER M AND ELEVENTH STREETS N.W. BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Preparatory, Collegiate ‘and Post Graduate courses of study. Special students admitted. Thorough in- struction in all departments in accordance with best modern methods. Four spaci connecting bufldh recent] erected and specially designed for school purpores, With passenger elevator, steam heat ‘and "perfect sanitary tions, together with ground and tennis court, furnish every requisite for a refined home and a ‘complete school equipment. ‘Twenty-second year Wednesday, September thirtieth, for classification of Boarding Pupils, and Thursday, October first, for classification of Day Pupils. Pe Mrs, ELIZABETH J. SOMERS, Principal. Mrs. ADELIA GATES HENSLEY, Associate Prin. se16-3m WASHINGTON CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC,~1221 oth st. n.w.—1 organ, voice, violin, guitar and mandolin, flute, cornet, &c.. Free advantages to pupils. 0. B, BULLARD, Director. nozi-im* CHURCH ORGAN FOR PRACTICE, WITH OR ithout lessons; also tuition in compo- Titioo, ‘ete THO, INGALLS ING, G20 °Tr Be Bw. selo-Sm 2OSS PACHA OF PIANO AND HARMONY, ‘TEACHER OF ‘AND HARMONY, ‘the Jauko ‘Lessons on : Keyboard. WEST INDIA TOURS. The Elegant Passenger Steamers MADIANA, 3.650 tons, sails Jan. 19 aud Feb. 27. ‘ORINOCO, "2,000 tons,’ sails Feb. 17. CARIBBEE, 2,000 tons, sails Feb, 6. Specially fitted with electric lights, baths and all latest iinprovements. For St. Thomas, Croix, St. Kitts, Antiqua, Guadaloupe, Domini Martinique, St." Lucia, Barbados, Trinidad and Jamaica. For beauty of scenery and perfection of climate this trip is unsurpassed. For illustrated pamphlets giving rates of passage and all information apply to ARTHUR AHERN, Secretary, Quebec, lvania _ave., Yashington, D! ©. * CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. Interded eteamships sailing from Vancouver vo Japan a» China: EMPRESS OF CHINA..... -~Dec, 7, Mar. 1 EMPRESS OF INDIA. Jan. 4, Mar. 29 EMPRESS OF JAPAN. ;-February 1 TO HONOLULU, FIJI AND AUSTRALIA: ‘WARRINOO, Dee. 8. MIOWERA, Jan. 8 Second catia accomnodations very low rates. For tickets and freight rates ery 353 Broadway, N.Y. Foi freight rates only, fall st., N. ¥. fel5-eolyr American Line. New York-Southampton (Londcn-Paris) ‘Twin-screw U. S. Mail Steawships. Sailing every Wednesday. St. Paul. .Dec. 2, 10 am)St. Louis.-Jan. 6, 10am New York-Dec. %, 10 am Paris..... Jan. 13, 10 am. 20, 10 am St. Louls. -Dec. 36, 10 am|New York Jui Dee. 23, 10 am/St. Louis. Jan. 27, 10 am Dec. 30, 10 am! ed Star Line. NEW YORK TO ANTWERP. 3 ‘Dece WESTERNLAN! 2, 12 noon SOUTH WARK. December 9, 1 p.mr NOORDLA: December 16, 12 noon FRIESLA: ‘December 22, 12 noon KENS -December 30, 1 p.m, ‘TION COMI’. xv; forth Wiver. Ofice, 6 Rowling Green, GEO. W. MOSS, Agent, 921 Penn. ave. High-class dentistry At HALF the usual high-class prices! Service —metbods and material—eversthing the very Dest. ‘Teeth extracted free and by a method entirely free from pain or after effects. Best rubber plate, $7.50. Consultation free. Vis- Ators find the surroundings and Int ments of the most ial character, Hours, 9 to 5; Sundays, 3 to D.C.Dental Parlors, 1225 F nol8-214 Painless Extracting, soc. Best teeth, Painless fillings, 75c. up. Gold crowns, $5." Each department in charge of an expert ‘specialist of long experience. No students, Ai?’ work guaranteed. ‘See larger ad. on page 12. U. 8. DENTAL ASS'N., TTH AND D STS. o8-tf,10 FRED DENTAL INFIRMARY,—DENTAL DEPART. ment of Columbian University, 1325 H st. nw. All operations upon the teeth at cost of material need. Extracting free. Hours from 1 to § p.m. Be29- 5 STEAM CARPET CLEANING THE OFFICE OF THE AMMONIATED STEAM nd Cleaning Works and 1. Sead ioe Ses Meats So Sa ‘28th st. nw. ‘80k. M. NEWMYER, Mgr. sel-tf { BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. Schedule in effect November 22, 18%. Icave Washington from station corner of New avenue and © street. For Chicago and Northwest, Vestibuled Limited trains 10:00 a.m., 8:05 p.m. Louls and Indianapolis, Ves- For th, tibuled Limited 3:40 11:30 p.m. For Pittsburg and Sevciand express: ‘any 10:00 pm. Lexington and Staunton, 12:00 noon. For Winches: Junchaster and way stations, 15:20 p.m. am. and 8:50 For is, Birmingham, Chat- aud Roanoke, 9:00 p.m, ma. olnts, week dass, . 4:50, 5:80, 7: » 4:50, Tx ints, 7:35 Week days. ib pam, Bun 10:15 Ban. For ‘Washington Juncti a.m, 4:30, 5°00 pan Weck aera days. or Cape May, 10 2 ROYAL BLUE LY OR NEW YORK AND * PHILADELPHIA. All trains tlominated with Pintsch light. For Philadelpia, New York, Boston aud the Ea 12 noon, Week days, 8:00 (10:00 a.m. Dining Ca: 206 62:85 Dining Car), 3:00 (5:05 Dining Cas), (2:02 Bisht; Sleeping Car open at 10:00 o'clock). Sun- da @:0C am. Dining Car), (12:35 Dining Car), 3:00 G05 Dining Car). 12:01 night, Siceping Cat — 10:09 « a Acditional trains for Philadel- phia, woek days, 7:05 a.m.; daily, 8:00 p.m. Buffet Parlor Oars on ali day irnins. For Atlautie City. ios. ed f-om hotels and >. on orders avenue et and at depo CHAS, « = Raggace call fo renee ip tleket offices, 6 York avenne and 15th st Gen! Mannger ‘no23 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. Station corner of Sixth and B streets, In Effect November 15, 1896. 35 Weekdays, PITTSBURG EXPRESS. — Parlor and Dining Cars Harrisharg to Pittsburg. 10:50 A.M. PENNSYLVANIA LIMITED. Pali leeping, Dining, Smoking and” Observatic arrisbarg to Chicago, Cincinnatt, Indiaaapolis, St. Louis, Cleveland abd Toledo. ' Buflet Parlor ‘E.—Pullman Buffot Parlor Harrisburg. Buffet Parlor Car Marrleburg re. “HICAGO AND ST. LOUIS EXPRESS. et Parlor Ca Harrisbarg. | Sicep- a to Pitts! 8:40 P.M Pullman 1 ing and Dining Cars Ha ciprati, Louisville and 720 P.M.” WESTEI ing Car Pittabarg t: Geeveland. risbarg to 10:40 2 7:30 A.M. for Kane, Canandsicua, Rochester ani Niagara Falls daily, except Sunday. 10:50AM. for Elmira aud dono Sunday. “For Lock Haven week-day famsport Sundays, 3:40 P.M. 7:10 P.M. for W: inuazt. Di Polaman pt Satu~day, wit to Suspension’ Brickg |. for Erie, Canands: nd Niagara Fulls dai! Angton to Elwira. (ining and 11:06 7. - Week-days, and For Atlantic City (via'I rail route), 3:15 For Baltimore 10.50, B 10:00, 10:40 « . 7:50 AM. and 4:3 00 A.M., 12:15 and 4:20 day. Sund: 00 AM. Atlantic € Gaily; Richinond only, lanta Special. via Richmond and Line, daily. Accor tico, A. daily, and d Ticket offices, corner Fifteenth and G streets, and at the station, Sixth and B streets, where orders: car: be left for the checking of baggage to destina- tion from hotels and cesidences. 8. M. PREVosT, General Manager. old 40 P J. R. Woon, General Passenger Agent. SOUTHERN RAILWAY, PIEDMONT AIR LINE. Schedule in effect November 15, 1896. All trains arrive and leave at Peuusylyania pas- senger station. 8:00 A.M.—Daily.—Local for Danville, Charlotte and way stations. Connects at Manassas for §' burg, daily, except Sunday, and at Lynch! the Norfolk’ and Western, daily, and with t apeake and Ohio daily for the’ Natural Bridge and Clifton Forge. 11:13 AM iL. Carries Puliman Buffet s nd Washington to Jacksonville, i Texas, via Mon! and Pallman ns and Houst ew York to Atlanta, Sunset Tourist Excursion" Through ery Saturday to Sau Fraa- id train Washington to ceper gn this train © co without change ND SOUTH. composed of s rs, Dining ‘Cars and Day ulluan Sleepers’ New York to Ashe- ville and Hot rings, N. C.; New York to Tau via Charlotte, Colum! ammah and Jacksi New York to nis, Via Birminghat York to New Orleans, via Atlanta and Mont Vestibuled Day Coach Washington to Southern Railway Dining Car Greensbor Montgomery. TRAINS ON WASHINGTON AND OHIO DIvIs- ION leave Washington 9:01 a.m. daily and 4:45 p.m, daily except Sunday, and 6:25 p.n. for Round Hi p-m. daily, for Leesburg, and p.m. Retarning, arrive at Washiu m. daily from Round Hill, 7 cept Sunday, from Herndon, 8:34 Sunday, from Leesburg. Throtigh trains trom the south arrive at Wash- ington, 6:42 a.m., 2:20 p.m. and 9:40 p.m. daily, 2 : 10:00 a.m. daily, except Sun- , and 8:20 a.m.’ daily from Chorlottesviile. Tickets, Sleeping Car reservation and informa- tion furnished at offices, 511 and 1300 Pennsylvania, avenue, and at Pennsylvania railroad passenger station. W. Tl. GREEN, General Supt. 3. M. CULP, Traffic Manager. W. A TURK, Gen. Pass. Agent. Ls. Gen. Agent Pass. Dept. to for Herndo m. and 3 daily, ex- m. daily, except WASHINGTON, ALEXANDRIA AND MT. VER- NON RAILWAY. From Station, 13% st. and Penna. ave. In eftect July 20. FOR ALEXANDRIA (Daily.)—6:40, 10:20 ex., 11, 12 9.m.; 1, 2, ; 5:45, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1i and “12 p.m. KANDRIA ‘@atly) E G. E. ABBOTT, Gen. Manager. nolé CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILWAY, THROUGH THE G@ANDEST SCENERY IN AMERICA. ALL TRAINS VESTIBULED, ELECTRIC LIGHTED, STEAM HEATED. ALL MEALS SERVED IN DINING CARS, STA« TION SIXTH AND B STREETS Schedule in effect Novembe> 7, 1896. 2:20 P.M. DAILY-Cincinnati and St. Louis Spe+ cial—Solid train for Cincinnati, Puliuma sleepers to Cincinnati, Lexinzion, Louisville, Indiunapolia and St. Louis without change. | Counects at Cov= ington, Vu., for Hot Springs. Panor cars Cinciu- matt to Chicago. 11:37 P.M. DAILY—F. F. V. Limttea -Soiid train for Cincinnati. Pullman sleepers to Cincionati, Lexington aud Louisville without change. Oped! for reception of passeizers at 9 pw.” Pullman compartment car to Virginia Hot Springs, without change, Tuesdays, Thursdays aud Saturdays. Datly convection for the Xpringk. — Olmery Bleepers Cincinnati to Chicaco and 8 5 10:57 AM., EXCEPT SUNDAY—Via “Kichmont for Oid Point’ and Norfolk. “Only rail Mi 2:20 P.M. DAILY—For Gorduusville, Charlottes Pille, Staunton und for Richwood, “daily, “except nda. Reservations and tickets at Chesapeake and offices, 5i3 upd 1421 Pennsylvania avenue, 3110 street northwest, aud at the station. 013-584, NDERTAKERS. R. W. Barker, — ez ith ate —— prec Residence on the premises. Telephone call 907. «23m W. R. Speare, Undertaker & Embaimer, - 940 F Street Xorthwest. Everything strictly fist-class and or the most rrq sonable terms. Telephone call 340. dal-te