Evening Star Newspaper, July 21, 1894, Page 12

CHINA’S GR EAT WALL. CHINA’S GREAT WALL A Trip Over the New Imperial Rail- road to It. HOW THE WALLS LOOK IN 1804 It Cost Millions of Lives and Oceans | of Money. | TO MANCHURIAN FRONTIER Greets" ek ares Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. (Copyrighted, 1894, by Frank G. Carpenter.) I N THE VICE-RE- gal special train run- ning through North China, from Shan Hat Kwan to Tien- Tsin—by railroad to the great wall of China. On a special train through some of the least known parts of the Chinese empire. Dashing along at the rate of forty miles an hour “ through the plains of North China. The steam demon of the Present cutting his way into the most fa- Mous vestiges of the celestial past. are some of the wonders of the urney I am now making over the new imperial road of this vast empire in com- pany with the party of ex-Secretary Foster in the private car of China’s most powerful jtatesman and ruler, Li Hung Chang. We we traveled already nearly 200 miles through the egricuitural and mining dis- tricts of this part of China, and have plant- -@4.our-American sole leather on the bor- ders of Manchuris. We left the New York North China, the great trading city of ‘Tsin, and its million almond-eyed peo- th the éafly morning of two days ago, plowed our way through tens of thou- of brown grave mounds to the east- {ward. We passed the myriad huts of the ity of Tong Ku, at the mouth of the Peiho iver, and turned te the north almost under the shadow of the frowning battiements and of the Krupp and Armstrong guns of Be Taku forts. We stood on the platform and saw the scores of queer windmills Which with their square white wings pump the brine of the Yellow sea into the salt - '$ of the government reservoirs, and fatched the gangs of yellow coolies cutting WA the mountains of salt and loading it r Tien-Tsin, whenc® it will be shipped off 3 high prices as a government monopoly for the people of the interior. We rode for an hour over salt marshes, upon which Mongolian ponies, red cattle and donkeys tazed, and then entered the rich gardens of tbe great plaim Here every inch was cultivated, and the farmers were every- where laboring In the fields. We saw the wheat pianted in rows, two feet apart, springing from the soil in its luxuriant green dress of the early spring, and could ag the curious methods of work of these best farmers of the world. The crops are planted in smail tracts, and everything Mongolians From Beyond the Wall. z cultivated with the hge and the plow. ‘here is no sowing of grain as with us, and the rows of wheat, corn and millet are weeded and fed ‘h manure. The wheat is planted in the fall and In the spring, as now, the rows are plowed and ether crops planted between them. Ff where over the landscape you see p’ manure, each containing about two b of brown earth, and here and there men and boys gather up this manure into baskets and care shake it out over the newly antes crop. This is after the reed has een sown. Now a donkey or a man pt tfrough the row a little roller of stone, mixing the seed and the manure with the soil and s the earth till it is as fine as the sands of the seashore. ry one fs at work in the fields. Littie children of three and six years go through the rows With baskets tied to their backs pulling the Weeds h three-pronged hoes. They put each weed into their baskets and it i Saved fer food or fuel. There you see @riving donkeys and now and ‘hen you ¥ see a man plowing and men and hitched to the plow and doing the work horses. I photographed one man on m: Way to Peking who had his whole famils harnesse? to his plow. He ieaned upon the B&ndies with all his might, while his thre gons and one daushter tugged and pulled in drawing plow through the furrow. le grew quite angry at my po! ig the €amera at him and rushed up to me and tried to take it out of my hands. I she Bim back, however, and with the as: ance of my donkey boy was able to mount @nd gallop away. The New Read. ‘We saw some such scenes on the way to Tong Shan, where the famous Kaiping coal ines are situated and where we were en- jertail over night. We passed many ¢oal cars carrying the black diamonds down to the sea to be shipped in the company's steamers to all parts of South China, and station we found a crowd of yed, yeilow-faced mor in wonder. The trip Shan to the walt has heen over t sat and our special tr, countr lasted ‘and e in sight of the 1 stopped wi . most on the et. 2K Ftone’s thrc selves of the most the pre: pr me ‘The Excursion Party. It 1s indeed a curious sight for China. Our party consists of six Americans, three Englishmen and two Chinese officials, in addition to a retinne of servants and train men. The Americans are Gen. John W. Foster, ex-Secretary of State, and his. wife; Mr. Orr, a wealthy citizen of Evansville, Ind., and his two young lady daughters, who are related to Secretary Foster, end who are making the tour of the world with him, and last of all, your correspondent, who has been sent out here to write up the modern movement in China. The three Englishmen are the officials in the employ of Li Hung Chang. First,- there: is Mr. G. .D.Church- ward, who has built raiiroads in Australla and New South Wales, and who is. une. of the best of modern civil engineers. He Is of the locomotive works cf the viceroy at Tong Sian, and in the absence of Mr. Kinder, the general manager @f the Imperial raiiroad of China, who is carrying Mongol Family. , on the survey into Manchuria, is the by sa a intendent of the road. Dr. Robertson young physician whe was connected for some years with the Chinese navy, and who is now in charge of the viceroy's big naval hospital at the Kaiping coal mines, and Mr. Garland is’ the English traffic man- ager of the two Chinese ratiroad systems. The two Chinese officials are well-educated Chinese gentlemen, and they speak Eng- lsh perfectly. Mr. Chun Oi Ting was for years consul general of China to Cuba, and he Is now in charge of the coal mines here, mensging a capital of millions, and Mr. Tong, his secretary, is a graduate of Yale College, and one o7 the brightest young men of the empir>. Both cf these men are clad in official dress, wearing gorgeous silk gowns, big cloth boots and biack silk ‘caps with red buttens in the center of their crowns. They are good talkers, and are full of information concerning, China, The spe- cial train which we have might be that of an American ratlroad ger and we travel in it with as much eas? and’ comfort as we would have-were we a congressional party traveling to thé funeral of a Senator of the United States at the expense of the government. The train consists of an en-! Ret y Ay AANA : wet! THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JULY 21, 1894-TWENTY PAGES. from two and a half to four feet thick. and the base of the wall is ten feet wider than the top. The bricks of which it is made weigh from forty to sixty pounds, or as’ Tuch as a six-year-old boy, and. the clay for these bricks had to be transported long distances from the interior at some por- tions of the wall. These bricks ure of a slate color. According to meesurement they are fifteen inches long, nine inches wide and about five inches thick. They are put together in a solid masonry by means of lime mortar, and they are built up from the foundation in two walls, each about three feet thick, running parallel with each other, the space between being filled with earth and stone well rammed down. The top of the wali is paved with these bricks, and its average width is about fifteen feet. lt is everywhere so wide that two two- horse wagon loads of hay could be driven along it and the hubs of the two teams would not touch. Six horses could be easily driven upon its paved highway, and on each side of the road along its whole fifteen hundred miles of length there is a brick crenellated wall as high as your head, which would prevent them falling off tm case of a stampede. At short intervals the wall is crowned by great two and three-story towers, made of these big blue bricks, and at the passes in the mountains there are arched gates of stone, some of which are beautifully carved. Here and there the wall is double, a second wall run- ring over the country some distance back from the first, and on the peaks near it there are often watch towers, in which the guards stood in times past and warned the soldiers stationed on its top of the advanc- ing hordes which they spied coming from the wilds beyond. Present Condition, Much of the great wall is still In perfect condition. Standing upon it at the city of Shan Hat Kwan we could see it climbing up the Manchurian mountains, jumping the gorges and scaling the peaks. Gray with its life of twenty centuries, it seemed to grasp the earth of the present with Its mighty hand, and where {t erossed the rrountains {t seemed as imperishable as the hills whose hoary brows it crowns. At other places, however, time has gained the mastery, and nesrest the railroad there is a breach at least 100 feet wide, and one le of tho wall where it bounds the city of Shan Hai Kwan has been, almost over- thrown, Its sides are covered with moss, and the grass has grown upon its paye- ments. No arches now guard it, and it only remains as a monument of the hun- dreds of thousands of almond-eyed men who two thousand years ago thus sought to protect their homes and those of their descendants from the savages cf the north for all time to come. No one can stand upon its ramparts and not be tmpressed with the strength of this great Chinese nation. Seventeen hundred years before America was discovered; at a time when our blue-blooded ancestors, half-naked and altogether savage, were wandering through the wilds of France, Germany and England, when Rome was still a republic, fighting her last battles with the Carthaginians; two hundred years before Christ was born, these same Chinese people built this mighty wall. Their history states that it required an army of 300,000 men to protect the builders, and millions must have becn em- ployed in the undertaking. I have seen enough of the building of railroads and other works in China during my present tour to understand how it was probably constructed. There was mo machinery used, and few cattle and horses. Every’ foot of it was built by man, and in its 1,500 miles of mountain climbing thére are today bottled up within this structure the vital force of millions of the past. a monument to the thought that while man dies his work remains, as does the hand that carved the Vers di Medic! and the pen that wrote Shakespeare and the Aeneid. These Chinese of two thou- sand years ago probably Carried the earth BRIDGE ON IMPERIAL RAILWAY. gine built on the English plan at the Chi- nese car works at Tong Shan, of an cpen car in which are carried the sedan chalrs | end the coolie bearers needed for the trans- portation of the ladies in our trips away from the railroad of a seeord special car which can be used for smoking or loafing; of an open observation car in which we can sit outside and watch the every varying panorama of Chinese ‘arming scenes and of the vice-regal car proper. The Vice-Regal C: This last is made of Siamese teak fintshed in the natural wood. It is as hard as ebony, and it takes on the rich dark color of oiled chestnut. It contains half a dozen rooms, which are furnished in foreign style. The sofas are upholstered with the finest of blue and silver brocaded silk, and there are plenty of tables and easy chairs. The walls | of the car are in blue and gold. The win- dows are large, and those at the top of the ear and serving as ventilators are of stained gia Pictures of the fine: Chinese enibroidery hang upon the wails, and the is filled with a plentifwl supply of all serts of thin; liquid and solid. It was after a good dinner that we took our trip to the great wall. We spent some hours in walking about it. We climbed to its top and examined the great towers which crown t at every y hundred yards, d in our the brick the Chinese who built it, n 1d years ago. We made measure- ments and examinations of it at the breach where the railroad is to pass through it on its way into the Manchurian wilds. The Wonderzol Wall, The great wall of China! What a wonderful structure ft ts and how mighty it must have been before the days of gunpowder and cannon. I haye seen the pyramids, but this massive wall impresses me tore forcibly than they. The greatest of all the pryamids ts an immense pile of stones, covering thirteen acres and reaching to a height less than that of the monument at Washington. The great wall of China, if the brick and earth composing it could be carried to she valley of the Nile, wouid ear- pet the best parts of Eeypt, and it is a work inealeulably greater than the monu- ments of the Egyptian kings. I visited it whe it runs through the Mongolian moun. tains, about ninety miles from the city of Peking, and I found thero am even more | solid structure than that at Shan Hai Kwan, on the edge of the sea. It begins © at the head of the x of Pechill and runs up and down the mountains, clear across the boundery of northern China, separating the country from its vast tiba- tary provinces of Mongolia and Manchuria, Chinese Paliman. till It reaches the great desert of Gobi, above Thibet. It is han 1,200 miles long in a strafzht line, and with its v up the hills and down the ¥: ures all | teld a distance of 5) mites, $ wall is about thirty feet in height, ‘or | three-story city house. Its ints where I have visited tt to thirty f ‘he aver- fficen feet imagine a sclid block es fifteen feet desp, built tates from } York to @ great ver the mou s ‘> that the bricks had, it ts said, to be carried on the backs of goats. It er 3 taller than the Allegheny mown and at one polat goes over one which is ve thousand feet above the sea. A large part of it has a foundation of granite blocks ard stones which formed the filling of the greater part of the wall in baskets, and this earth was rammed down: by means of discs of stone or iron as big around as a half-bushel measure, and from six to eight inches thick. It is in this way that the embankments of the railroads are being built today. It takes efght men to each of such discs. There are holes cut about its circumference, and in these ropes about ten feet long are fastened. The men stand at equal distances about the disc, and by pulling back raise {t and throw it upward often to a height above their heads and it falls upon the fresh earth with a thud. A ninth man often sings a song while these men thus work, keeping time to his music with the weight, and joining In the chorvs, the weight faliing at the end of every verse and line. It is the same with the packing of the earth with wooden stamps. Fach man has one of these of about the weight of the dasher' in an old-fashioned churn,and the gang of stampers sing as they work. The bricks were made by hand, and men and women aided in their laying. Such wood as was used In the towers was pulled up by human muscle to the top of the wall, and the sawing of the timbers was with ss-cut saws. ‘The Napoleon of Chira, The organization required for the bulld- ing and the defonse of such an army of laborers shows a hi, te of civilization, ‘fhe man who began the work was one of the great men of the world’s past. He has been called the Napoleon of Chi and he to a large extent was the founder of the Chinese empire. His name was Tsin cn Hwangti, and he consolidated the map Kingdoms of China into one. He built his capital a vast palace, with many build- ings, which were connected by colonnades and galleries, ch set of these buildings he had made the exact counterpart of the palaces of the rulers he had conquered, and when the whole was completed he brought them to his capital and kept them there in state. He built this great Nin ten years, and organized many public works. Like Alexander and Napoleon, he grew vain as he went on in his conquests, an: he decided that ( runout ae inese histery should be- gin with him. With this view, he Hes mitted an act which has made him In the eyes of the Chinese the most despised and detested of their emperors. ‘Th: was the collecting of all the libraries and histories of China together and burning them. He i all of the copies of Confuctus and Men- clus that could be found committed to the flames, and for fear that there might be ether books written than such as he de, sired he killed the five hundred most eml- Nent of the scholars of his empire. It is sald that not a single perfect copy of tha c scaped destruction, such as exist today are mada up from parts remembered by echolars wito were not known to the emperor, and which were written out after his death. Tamk A, Carentt soe ¢ Indinn’s Beilef in Magic. m the St. Louls Globe-Democrat. Very reluctantly do civilized Indians give up their ideas of magic. The idea of wor- shiping growing objects is quite a settled one among the tribes, and some of the ories which connect corn and flowers with eficent deities gre very pleasing and at- ve. Animals, too, are spoken of in a y singular and superstitious manner, and the different sizes of beasts which are hunted {s accounted for in a story of the creation which is even more realistic and practical than the one told in the first of Gene. This story, chapter uently repeate at the time of the the field size, for priority us and dic- ada prior existence, and orld widh the benefit of expe: derived. The doctrine of the tra s tion of souls t3 so general among Indi: of various tribes ns there was nothing at all p liar about is, and it is very prob- able that some cf the early writers on this subject got their tdeas from exeeptionnily Intelligent exponents of indian Buddhism, or something very similar to tt. e Chinese of VACATION “SNARE For the Feet of Young Men mer Readrts, bed mm. it Sum: 1 ——_— The Spurious Foreign Nobleman and the American Adventurer. OUR COUNTRY COUSINS ee Written Exclusively for The Evening Star. RE SNARES THAT await the shrewdest city man when he goes on his vacation into the country are as numerous, almost, as the sands of the seashore resort he visits, or as the leaves of the trees about the mountain hotel, He must pro- vile himself with more money than he would spend in the most expensive capital in the world, and he must be prepared for all sorts of novel as- seults upon him, The first one, probably, comes in the shape of a fair young lady, also a guest at the hotel with him. It is said propinquity has a great deal to do with people falling in love with each other, and undoubtedly this is true, but just think of such propinquity as two people at a dull summer hotel un- dergo. The very first thing the young man Sees when he is sitting in the dining room at breakfast is the young lady. This, how- ever, is a sight not usually calculated to make him love her, for breakfast is a try- ing time to almost any woman. She may dress herself as freshly as she will, but the marks of deep sleep are upon her. She may smile ever so much, but it will be several hours before she can smile away a some- what puffy look about the eyes and perhaps Of course, all this is yery irreverent, and beauty ts a thing to be worshiped at all times, but, nevertheless, a man he sits at the breakfast table and sees beauty come down to that early meal, cannot un- Tess he is blindly in love, help ‘from reflect- ding that there are degrees of beauty and that this is not a most attractive degree. . However, here are a man and a girl in a summer hotel. There is literaily nothing to ¢o. There is a lake somewhere, but one can’t live on the water; there are drives, too, but the, hire of a horse is too much of an expense to be jncurzed every day; there are trout to be faught, tf you choose to undergo innumerable hardships with a very @oubtful prospect of success. ., They Talk and Then Talk, What, then, is left for the man but to talk to the girl? Andymerciful heavens, how much he does‘talk! From soon after | breakfast until dither ‘time he and the girl sit and talk. ‘Then he takes up the | conversation again im ithe evening. He walks, perhaps, but whom has he to walk with but the girl? :He occasionally drives, but he takes her with him. After gbout a week of this sort of thing they take to reading aloud to egch other. The game is practically up then, for after a very short time the reading takes the form of poctry. Well, here is a countryssnare that the city man is very apt to fall into. Perhaps he proposes, and 1s accepted, and a marriage is the outcome, or perhaps he stops just short of that, which is the sensible thing to do, and leaves the hotel, never to see the fair charmer again. These summer friendships are strange things. You seem to be forming a life-long and intimate ac- quaintanceship, but when you separate there Is every probability that you will never meet again. * There is a decoy which floats serenely at the larger and more fashionable resorts which it particularly behooves the parents of pretty daughters and the pretty daugh- ters themselves to be on their guard against. It is the foreign nobleman, come to America to see what it is like, and ob- viously bent upon following the prevailing European fashion of marrying an Ameri- can girl. The Spurious Nobleman. There has been a good deal of talk about this species of human being, and doubtless a good many stories have been told that are very wide of the truth, but It 1s true that enough cases have occurred of decep- tion from these gentlemen with whiskers end titles to warrant every man with a flighty wife or daughter in being on his guard against them. Yet it ought not to difficult to tell If the man is what he represents himself to be or not. If he is a real count or baron, he will probably lay no stress upon his ‘title, and he will not brag of his noble acquaintances and re! tions. If, on the cther hand, he is a spuri ous nobleman, he will do this very thing. He will describe to you the ries of his estate, he will draw a xelowing picture of his own importance at home, and he will k slightingly of the minister his coun- has sent to Washington, last is en unfailing sien. ‘The spur. punt never knows his minister, and ways represents him as being a’ man whom he cou!d not afford to know at hom Another sign by which you may know him y the fact that he will propose to your daughter just as scon as he gets a chance him or no? If she marry her, if you will lat hi fees some better coolly jiit her. F h to m, unless he ce, when he will ving married her, he will undoubtedly, first of all, get all the money out of her that he can, then he will abuse her, and, finally, he will probably de- sert her. When you meet one of these men, and have the stightest suspicion of him, go first to the proprietor of the hotel and ‘ask him whether the count pays his board bil then, if it appears that he docs this satl factorily, send a line to his minister. The latter may open your eye: But, of course, he may really be all that he represents him- self to be, In the matter of birth and title, and still never pay his board, and, if he be- comes your son-in-law, may prove to be just’ as bad a one as if he were a fraud, Unfortunately, there are not only fi tn récord of American girls marrying fous foreign titles, but also of their marry- ing genuine foreign titles and being beaten by their husbands afte:wari. The person who demands the same credentials of re- spectability from a foreigner that he Insists upon from Americans is safe from all dan- ger on this score. City and Country Shrewadness. You are not always safe, for that matter, from the American mefi that you meet at summer resorts, Sometimes they borrow money from you, of they try to, and some- times, without doing you any material in- Jury, they so utterly deceive you that you never feel disposed to trust human beings again, It is not onty at the summer resort that the city man encounters snares. Let him go into the real farm house country and try his chanc the raw bu- J see how he will come out. a matteriof proverb, alm. ost, that whenever the ni nh comes to the city he ts marked a lawful game by the wicked people of th’ i ‘diy alights from the train befure the noble bunco man appears, who asks him about his wife and family at home, and then steers him where he “have a little purchase a few thous "or, perhaps, bright new green dollars for a paitry sum in cash. Of cours one cannot help reflecting, when the coun- tryman ts robbed of b nd goes to the police with hts its, that he would have been safe f harm ff he had, a sposed to that entrap em show that ather its worst to the average country- associated, in his mind, man the ¢ with wh He docs not think ef its | charitable Insitutions, but of tts Jails; he | fergets about the numerous churches’ be- cause of the siill more numerous ssicons, and he resorts to it not fur the good the: is in it, but for the bad. The city man, THERE ARE SOME DESIGNED FOR GIRIS About Eighteen Hi a rather wrinkled look about the cheeks. | when'he gées inté the’ country, on the other hand, expects to find everything innocent and pure. It Is associated, in his mind, with that idea. Very well, so it is innocent and Pure in many things, but just let the city t.an begin a little trading and he will find that he has a shrewd race to deal with, and let_bim buy. a horse, and he will be quite surprised to find that the countryman gets the better of him every time. ———- e0e_______ KITE FLYING POSSIBILITIES. Maximum Altitu: From the St. Louts Republic. It is one of the most difficult undertak- ings imaginable to even approximately es- timate the height of a kite above the earth. This is on account of the fact that objects floating in the air seem to be farther away then they reaily are. It may be safely said that 1,800 feet ts the maximum altitude that can possibly be attained by a single kite. A kite flying at the height mentioned will @ppear even to a conservative observer to be nearly if not quite a half mile above the surface of the earth, but a careful feasure- ment of a string and its angle will quickly prove that it could not have been more than a fourth of a mile above the ground. Ordi- narily a kite will go no higher, even If more string be paid out; this is because the wind depresses the cord and causes the kite to really recede when it appears to rise. It has been said that it Is possible to arrange several kites in such a manner that they wili reach a higher altitude than it Is possible to attain with a single kite. | In this manner where three, four or even @ dozen kites have been used remarkable heights have been re: ed. When more than one kite fs used only the main one is attached to the end of the string, the others being attached along tho mainline (in a manner simiiar to the ar- rangement of the hooks along a “trotline’’) at an average distance of about twelve feet apart. Hinkleman, who made experiments at Buda-Pesth and Irison and Watson, whose investigations, under the Russian Academy of Sciences, were carried on at Edeenea, Finland, report curious results. Where single kites could be forced into the atmosphere to a height of 1,500 feet, a pair could be made to ascend to a height of from 2,000 to 2,100 feet, and a tandem easily reached the high water mark of 2,500 feet. The three experimenters alluded to believe that with a proper arrangement of kites, and with a scientific adjustment of both the tail and string, @ height of two miles will eventually be reached. —-——_ eee —__-_ SODA WATER FADS. Hypochond: s and Their Devotion to Queer Mixtures. From the Chicago Times. “Nervousness seems to be a fad just now,” said the man behind the soda water bar. “Half the trade ts from persons who think they need something to ‘pick them up.’ First, {t's phosphate, then bromide in some form, and then something stronger. I don’t know where the craze will end. The soda fountain has already become a bar for mixed drinks and a prescription counter, where every customer is his own | doctor. I guess the next improvement will be a nickel-in-the-slot attachment for pull- ing teeth while you wait. “You needn't quote me as saying so,” the loquacious mixolegist went on, “but it's a fact that must be apparent to every one that the soda water fountain is rapidly be- coming a menace and a nuisance. It’s a good, cheap affair for a young spoon to march his best girl up to on a hot summen right; it’s less expensive then the fce cream table, and therefore it is an economical device, but it gets men, women and chil- dren into the habit of drinking all sorts of villainous decoctions about the effect of which they know nothing and which they don't need at all. “T don't mind serving fce cream soda to a bevy of pretty girls, for that is a harm- less sort of beverage and the girls are gen- erally kittentsh enough to give the service | a certain amount of interest, but when your hypochondriac comes in—ithe fellow who is Blessed with perfect health—who doesn’t know that he’s got a stomach except when he’s hungry—who knows about liver only as something that goes with bacon, and about kidneys only as viands nicest when they're broiled—when such a man comes in and studies out something he has not yet tried, why, then I want to go back to low With that awful thought in his mind the egg-shaker gave the marble counter a swipe w:th a towel and sent drops of Waukesha water flying all over the chewing gum. “The worst feature jof the business, though,” he sald, returning to the attack, “is: the medicinal end of it. Men want bromo-this and bromo-that and some ask for quinine and others bicarbonate of soda; some get whisky, and I have a regular cod- liver oil patron. Another man wants pep- sin in his, and peppermint ts common erough. Plenty of them come to the soda water clerk as if he wer» a doctor and ask for something for ills, real or imeginary of which they may or may not be ‘seizs or possessed,’ as I have heard a lawyer friend of mine sa; HIS APPEARANCE MISLEADING. Brokers Thought Him An Anarchist, but He Was Out for the Cash, From the New York Sun. would probably have run him in on general | principles. He had a face which seemed | to betoken an acquaintance with the beer | mug. His clothes were of the roughest | and M-fitting. He wore a siouch hat, and Some iime ago there appeared tn Wall | radical clubs to restore the queen, who is street a man who looked dangerous, Al-| to proclaim a very radical constitution, most any member of Mr. Byrnes’ staff | These leaders have given away the whole w ave jared hi h and / business to the government, while encour- scat: et be tne han eee | aging the offers received. ‘The royalists in THE NEW REPUBLIC A Probable Peaceful Change in the Hawaiian Government, THE ROYALISTS STILL - PROTESTING Provision Made for the Representa- tion of Alien Residents. - ‘ PRESIDENT AND GABINET Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. HONOLULU, July 2, 1894. E ARE JUST NOW in the height of po- litical —_ excitement. The new republic of Hawail is to be tn- augurated on the 4th. The supporters of the revolution are exult- ent. The royalis: are intensely disturb- e4 end feeling about for some possible way to prevent the event, It is evident that if the new re- public 1s successfully launched and put in- to operation @ most important st2p will be gained, and the power of the government will appear to be securely established. A mass meeting of the supporters of the revolution is called to meet this evening in the drill shed. It will, beyond doubt, be a very large and enthusiastic gatherffig. The object is to give a popular indorsement t the new constitution and to shout “Hail to the republic!” which it creates. Another mass meeting of its enemies is called by the royalists to meet at 5 this afternoon in Palace Square, for the opposite purpose of denouncing and protesting against it. It ts not likely that any enthusiasm will -be displayed. That party is much dispirit- ed, as it has every cause to be. It can only vent its malice against the makers of the republic and wish it could behead them all. The constitutjoral convention spent four Cays of last week uvun the second reading of the constitution. Several important changes were made. The revised draft be- ing printed for the third time, the body met again and passed the articles on the third reading. A number of minor verbal altera- tions were adopted. Several articles were transposed. Two new ones of obvious pro- priety were inserted. The body adjourned to the morning of the 3d, when the docu- ment will come perfected from the printer's hands, and will receive its final enactment and the signatures of all the members of the convention will be appended. It is be- lieved that they will pass it unanimously. Their Fourth of July. They passed a resolution to have the pres- ident promulgate the constitution at § a.m. of the 4th of July, and declare the republic of Hawaii to be constituted, himself taking the oath as president and then appointing the members of his cabinet, who shall then also take the oath of office. This is to be done on the front of the executive building. There is to be no military display on the occasion, On the previous afternoon the councils will, by resolution, turn over to the republic all the authority and all the Property of the government, declaring the provisional government dissolved upon the inauguration of the republic. While the adherents of the ex-queen are krown to be in an excited and almost des- perate state of mind, no serious apprehen- sion is felt of thelr making any active at- tempt to-interfero with the carrying out of the program given above. For nearly eighteen months they have exfended their energies wholly In talking, often, indeed, talking of using force, but never actually mcving to do it. When the gentlemen of the new provisional government, on the ‘h of January, 1893, quietly walked up to the government building and occupied it the royal forces never made an attempt to dis- lodge them. They were afraid of the few €ozen white oy een ae who were rapid- ly mustering in yard, although they af- terward caid they feared the United States rarines,who were lounging about the Arion Hall premises in the vicinity, and who would never have meddled with them. They never tried to learn whether the marines would interfere. From that day to this the royalists have waited for some one else to interpose. To act courageously and help their cwn cause is a height of courage they never have been able to attain. 4 Plans of the Royalists. The latest scheme of these people fs one not yet known to the public here. They have been confidently saying in rivate that the promulgation of the republic would be prevented. They have now in progress a negotiation with the leaders of the two sansuine of 5) bribe proposed. ver: was altogether a most unpleasing person to look at. No one would have looked at | him a second time had he found him in a gathering at Herr Mosi’s beer garden, or | pingling with a group of autonomists on st Fourth street, but he looked out of | ace in the Street Wall street is well aware that appear- ances are deceitful, and under ordinar: circumstances very little attention is paid ies, but who ere really most daring and skiiful operators in finance. to be only a grade above th may be able to draw hundred thousand or so. ever, appeared to be a pa Men who loc ers and speculators, w ly sur- prised at anything, looked askance when ke floated around in the most frequented parts of the Street. One or two even ex- pressed an apprehension that he might be an anarchist come down to the Street with the purpose of throwing a bomb or two, and there was some apprehension, when he entered a well-known broker's office, that he had designs upon the wealthy head of the house. When he approached the Jat- ter, several of his friends held themseives | in readiness to pounce upon him. lt turned out, however, that the’ appre- thousand-share lots. The broker to whom he handed the order Icoked somew ariled, and acted as thonzh he was In doubt about the sanity ef the man, When he looked, howe the certified check wh crder, he ct effusively p It is very probable that | he sent around to the bank to make sure | n2 check was ail right, but it ts cer- r the strange-appearing eweomer was treated with the utr tefevence by everybody In the office, The | well-dressed clerks, who paid more for their | trousers than he ¢id fer his entire outfit of clothing, scraped and bowed and were most polite In their attentions. Gossip active in Wall street, known fn the remotest queer stranger with plenty ners that a of cash had some hopes were kind the might obtain their ambition for he proved He rarely and did not lie appear for . not at- ever changes his dress and d@ . E «a with very fev about his own business. ed that he is a man of considerable wealth, which he secured in mercaniile pursuits. He Ig one of the few men who appear to be always plentifully supplfed with cash end to be on the right side of the market as @ usuai thing. times does not n es r inte any general conversa- and nexer it has been learn- there to a iman’s dress. One frequently | of July. mects in Wall street men who look as Their leaders are with them in this. Al though they might be phlegmatic mechan- are kyal to the Fepublin To offer to hensions were not well founded. Instead | much ability. The larger part of its cir- of having any dislike for capitalists, or is upon the other islands. There any desire to injure them, it appeared to | is reason to believe that on those islands be his ambition to join thi ber. After | the native opposition t» the government, calmly ¥ ng the que 3 for some | and desire for monarhy, 1s very much time he sat down-and w an erder for | weaker than at the capital. It Is not to be the purchave of several active stocks in| supposed that the goverrment 13 s0 fmpru- their followers to support ths ex-queen. « radical clubs have sometimes in- ed in y talk against the ¢ nt and the planters and the “ta But with all their y are thor ase of the revolution monarehy. Waile they have scolded provisions in the new con y support it as a whole, and are siastic for proclaiming it on the 4th bribe these two men with $10,000 each 1s a piece of folly. Jf they can be indace? to advance a preliminary payment an overt t of conspiracy will be probable against them, and these bribers will be in the power cf the government. Probably this result wiil_not be. secured, and nothing more will be heard of the affair. It serves to illustrate the weak and childish methods n Native Papers. There are three emall dailies issued four or five times a week in the native tongue, which have a wide circulation arnong the natives throughout the fslands. They ere all royalists, extremely bitter and excessive- ly mendacious. The natives receive most of their Ideas on politics from those papers. To offset them is a single weekly native paper, conducted with moderation and ists’ threats il be used to military com- eotl: and the the alert. The a attempt © certain that We may dent as to di that are hear re panies are citizens’ reserve is put on ‘en test at insurrection render it qu no such attempt will expect the “glorious Fx to pass off gloriously, wnsuliled by civil disturbance. The usual American cotebratton been | prepared with unusual care. United es N er Willis {3 to Cochrane of the flag deliver the orati Under Practically th ent working of ent an] cabinet v. The constl-» le, and Capt. y's marines ts to Repabt same. present advisory coun act, with all the pow 1 first ineks of ublic will be to © registration in each of > © to any extent. Since then he hes become familiar to all those in the Street | the island: a 2 boards | who keep the run of what fs going on. He] are to tr gh « riet does not come down every nd some-| and regrster ec nistering tc The e ators is to be a rigid one, possession of the req come or propert about ty representatives for draft of the constitu the @oming special election to make use of ne first m it Was proposed at = the April registration. This was thought better of, and a fresh invitation will be given to all the natives to rencunce mon- pubis and range themselves under the re- ublic. Another laborious task which devolved upon the government of the republic is that <ooes certificates of carvice to all aliens 0 a! or sy the provisional gov- ernment, where thay are entitled to privileges of citizenship, including the to vote for representatives, and, if possessed of the property qualification, for senators, There are many hundreds of such earnest supporters of the revolution afhong for- eigners, whose services have been of valug but who, without such Special provision, yrould be without votes. Among them are © large number of Portuguese, who have given valuable aid, and who, filiterate, are to enjoy the right of ‘The will_all be ing to these before the election. Bxamin: see and report upon each = og ied ‘The Rights of Aliens. A further duty of the government, which extends to an indefinite time, will be that of giving letters of denization to such aliens as may be thought suitable. This will ap- ply to such persons friendly to the republie as have arrived here too recently to have rendered the special services mentioned above. It is optional with the government to give such denizens the right to vote Every denizen will ive all ether privileges of citizenship. There is provision for nat- uralization of foreigners, but limited to those whose countries have-treacies with Hawail providing for naturalization. As Such treaties have yet to be made, the road to naturalization Is obstructed for the pres- inue ent, and with Asiatics is likely to cont 0 indefinitely. Jt is probable that beans of ressonably satisfactory ch wili be admitted to denizenship, whi not require them to renounce alleg’ their own governments. der the various provisions stated above it 1s certain that the senate to be chosen next fail will be strong in support of this government, nearly unanimously so. It ts also highly probable that a large majority of the representatives elected will be om the same side. It is, howev. that a large body of royal oath and register, and may use the voting power thus gained against the government. Such power, however, in the lower house will be very Mmited during the coming biennial period. The appropriations for this period have already been passed by the provisional government, and ell une neces- Sary laws enacted; so that there will he little for the lower house to.@o.. They can elect one-third pd the council of state, the senate another third, and the nt ap- point the other five. This cod ee owever, has very little power The senate has large powers, especial! in confirming appointments-‘~y~the dent and in making treaties. The constitu- tion confers upon the senate the peser, with the prasident, of making a treaty of political or commercial uni ‘with the United States. Thus annexation is pro- vided for at any time after the new senate is elected. I have just returyed from an observation of the royalist mass meeting, It was worse than I ticipated—a dism: fallure. About three hundred natives a: whites stood rather sparsely about a table on the sidewalk. Rerhaps a hundred more natives lounged against houses and fences in the vicinity. Most of the whites whom I knew were for the republic. The natives appeared very listless, The speakers mounted the table one by one. Resotutions were read. J. O. Carter read the English peace He looked dispirited. Two oF three persons endeavored a faint cheer, Ned Bush then poured forth @ hood of rhetoric, aliernately in both languages. No one applauded. The expression on all faces was that of witnessing a dull attempt at farce. After twenty minutes of this I came away. The republican mass meeting will ue doubtedly be a rousing one. The Schuetzen Clup have put forth some rousing resolu. tions, emphatically indorsing the constitue tion. But I must close to reach the mail, KAMPHAMEHA, —__ KISSING OUT OF DATE. Osculation Discouraged by Moderm Science. From the New York Commercial advertises, Kissing goes, they say, by favor. An@ experts say that it ts ceriain through all time that kissing has a certain flavor an@ @ great many other elements which appeal to the imagination of mankind; therefore, when a band of women in Brooklyn decide that kissing is out of date end not to be encouraged it behooves everybody who has been or expects to be kissed to look into the subject. Men and women have kisse@ for some 5,000 years, and sociologists agree that the race was never more perfectly de- veloped than it is today. The new school insists that Kissing is apt to convey disease; that when lip meets Mp bacteria are tnter- changed; that all sorts of infectious diseases are passed along by these enchanting labia} mediums. Are these medicists right or are they wrong? There are many kinds of kisses. The kiss of a mother is not the kiss of @ lover, an@ people who make a practice of kissing babies do not attach as much importance to the exercise as people who kiss only when ve strong emotion prompts them. Long ¢ shows that kissing is inev rwise the world would not have kept om sing through all these years and down ough the ages ful of tude. Nobody will deny avanced with gigantic last decade, but when science tries to de- prive the world of osculation it attempts the impossible. Civilization has progress 0 |. life has assum: as increase and new and beneficent phases, and yet kissing pas been going on all the time Zymotic difesses have been bly ria’s have been iter mication of the lips, but ged to survive and here t science hag jes during the prevalent in preceding periods of the w they and toc nce ts well remembered of that t who found in his first at college that he was poss ilis of which he read. The chances are that every cold-biooded scientist who has ever kissed or been kissed imagines himself to be afilicted with every possible disease that mmunicated by kissing. It ts aot le to discuss how manifold these re—the fact remains that the race has managed to worry along in epite ef them, ioninlinsialpltplin A Slight Exchange. ) my dear, there ts nothing better than a cup of strong biack cofiee— —- = coffee pot “My! my pretty new