Evening Star Newspaper, April 14, 1894, Page 17

THE EVENING STAR westissen DAILY EXCEPT SUNDAY. AT THE STAR BUILDINGS, nol Pennsylvania Avenue, Cor. 1ith Street, by Evening Star Newspaper Company, 8. H. KAUFFMANN, Pres’t. ge prihcast shoals {he Evening Star is served to subscribers in the tity by carriers, on their own account, at 10 cents Bee seek, oF 446. por month. "Copies at the eouner 8 Py cents each. Ry mail—anywhere in the United or Canada—postage prepaid—SO cents per day Quintuple Sheet Star, $1.00 per year; ti added, $3.00. ‘iptions must be paid in edvance. made known on application ny pes Che F pening Star. Pageetig-26, WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, APRIL 14, 1894—TWENTY PAGES. ACROSS THE PACIFIC ‘An Ocean Ride Through Storm and Snow From America to Asia. JAPAN WHEN THE GROUND 18 WHITE Interesting Notes About the New World of the Far East. IN CHINA AND JAPAN. ‘Woectal Correspondence of The Evening Star. (Copyrighted, 1894, by Frank G. Carpenter.) YOKOHAMA, Japan, March 5, 1804. NDER THE SHAD- ow of the snow-clad mountain, Fugiyami! In the heart of flow- ery Japan when the snow is on_ the ground! In the land of the rising sun with the sun left out! Sur- rounded by a bare- necked, bare-chested and almost bare-leg- ged nation on stilts, I shiver in my overcoat as I write for the homes of the base burner and the furnace. Within the past three weeks I have trav- eled 8,000 miles and have now nearly reach- ed the other side of the globe. I am on my ‘way to interior China, and a month later I will be in the very center of the great Chinese empire. I have come to the far east to tell you of the wonderful changes that are taking place on the other side of the world. Asia is now one of the great mews centers of the globe. It is making history faster than either America or Eu- Fope, and a wonderful change is going on Bmong the nations of slant-eyed humanity, which is bound to affect every man, woman and child in christendom. This land of . Japan made the stert and {it has now on! its feet the seven league boots of modern Progress. It is jumping ahead faster than pny people have ever jumped in the past ‘The New Japan. and within twenty years it has grown more in civilization than the European nations have advanced in centuries. I see from a Japanese newspaper of this morning that Japan made last year one hundred and twenty million postal cards at a cost of cents per thousand. I can hardly reaiize it, and think there must be a mistake in the figures. Postal service here is as good and as cheap as that of the United States and these peo- ple run their postal arrangements, paying for everything in silver, more cheaply than we do paying in gold. The banking sys- tems, railroads, telegraphs and schoois of Japan are managed almost as carefully and as intelligently as those of the United States. There are one hunfired periodicals published in the city of Tokyo alone, and the newspapers are read by the millions. In business and manufacturing on a large scale there is a movement all over the lana, and reports of the elections, which are now taking place in the different prov- fnces, show as many quarreis and as much bribery as though the Japs had taken les- ®ons of our ring politicians. A slower but as sure a revoldtion is go- fmg on in China. The four hundred odd Millions of pig-tailed celestials are pulling the slits of their button hole eyelids apart, and it is only a question of time how soon they will be putting their wonderful muscles, their sharp business brains and their five cents a day habits of living into fompetition with our eight-hour, two-dollar- &-day laborers as to the manufactured pro- @ucts of the world. They have coal and iron fm every one of their eighteen provinces. They can do as good work as we can, and they will work twelve hours for one-twen- tieth the sum that our people get. When they enter the modern manufacturing race the question will not be one of competition. It will be one of existence, and we will have to build a protective tariff barrier @bout the country as high as the Wash- fagton monument, or cut down our living @xpenses to the size of the aluminum tip n the top of it. At the present time, big otton factories have been established in almost the center of the Chinese empire. They are, I am told, making cannon and guns as good as those turned out by our @overnment works, and the question of Failroads is being agitated by some of the Most progressive men of the empire. It May take generations to bring the country Making Tea. @o the state that Japan has already reached he revclution precipitatel by a war Bay come with a rush. Just now both China are torn with dissensions ‘There are strong anti-for- nts and an American buyer for : York silk firm told me this Morning that he did not think it safe for to travel over the country while the @lections are taking place. The bulk of the people of China are against the for- 's and anti-foreign sentiment increases iterati of the empire see the ution and they are dis- of reports as to the nisstonaries and of the lue-eyed foreign dev- | Out in the country | his place I have often heard | e word Japanese which my inter- eter tells me mean “hairy barbarian” urled at me, and in the streets of the Cht- Rese cities I shall probably have to pocket Wany an insult to avoid trouble. In Japan, Where the progressive element is in the Wickedness ¢ R ils." as t Gistricts abou ascendancy, and I have special letters from the government, it is comparatively safe, and I shall return here and make an ex: tended tour in most out-of-the-way parts of the country. The Interior of China. The most dangerous part of my jour ney I find will probably be among the Chi- ese. I shall skip the coast ports and push "way into the interior. I will visit many large cities, some of which are hardly Kkh@wn to the average reader, and will tta e thousand miles or more up the ‘ang-tse-kiang river. I expect to old capital of the empire, known as Nanking, where the famous ‘Porcelain tower” was, and which is now one of the centers of the Chinese literati of the land. It has been called the Athens of China and it is one of the centers of anti-foreign influence. I will take a trip along the Grand canal, if possible, and will tell you how this wonderful artery of Chinese trade is managed. About seven hundred miles from the coast there is a viceroy, who is fa- mous all over the celestial world for his progressive iieas. I shall spend some time at his capital, the city of Hankow, which, with its suburbs, contains more than a million people, and from thence will push my way further into the interior to Ichang, where is some of the most wonderful scen- ery in the world. The gorges of the Yang- tse-kiang near this point are thousands of feet deep, and they are said to have no superior in their picturesque grandeur. I will have my photographer with me both in the Trying to Keep Warm in Japan. cities and in the country. Leaving this part jof China, I will next go to the north and | again visit the capital. Peking has a mil- |lion inhabitants, and of these I doubt whether a thousand think that we Ameri- cans are anything else than barbarians. When I was there before, now five years ago, I was told that the street on which all of the foreign legations are located was called the “Street of the Subject Nations, and today 900,000 of the people of Peking actually believe that the American min- ister to China and the ministers from Rus- sia, France and England are at the capl- tal to pay their respects to their emperor and to give tribute to him. I will take some trips through this part of China and will describe the Chinese of the north, who are as different in their appearance, manners and customs from the Cantonese Chinese, who come to America, as the inhabitants of North Germany are different from the Lazzaroni of Naples. Our Chinese are short and small boned. The Tartars and the Chinese of the north have many men | six feet in height and they are as strong in intellect and physique as any people in the world. At Peking are the great univer- sitles of the empire and in some of these | they are now teaching our sciences, and | the big Chinese examinations of the future will probably embrace geology and astron- omy as well as the essays of Confucius. The hatred of foreigners is great and the majority of the people weuld like to see the Americans ant Europeans excluded. The Ocean Voynge. The trip from Vancouver to Japan was more like a voyage to the north pole than @ summer journey across the placid Pacific. I took the Canadian steamship line. The cabins are lighted by electric- ity and they are twice the size of those of | the Atlantic lines. The officers are all En- glish, and the ships form a part of the | British naval reserve. They carry the Brit- | ish mails and receive a subsidy from the English government. The servants are | and you are waited on in your room and at the table by yellow-skinued boys in pig tails and gowns, and you tind | their service far better than that of the greedy eyed, fee-soliciting stewarls who | wait upon you when you go to Europe. | The vessel has butcher shop, bakery, car- |penter shop, Chinese and European | kitchens, and a whole summer hotel of |rooms for sleeping, eating, smoking and reading. If permitted, you would go from story to story, as I did down into the very bottom of her, where a plate of steel as thick as your finger is all that keeps out the water, and inspect her great engines, which almost noiselessly but irresistibly screw her on across the Pacific, on the longest ocean route of the world. You might begin to figure on the force that moved her, and if your calculations were correct you would see that 10,000 horses all pulling ‘at once would represent it. You would find that she carried enough weight te load down 6,00 two-horse wagons, and it would probably surprise you to know be made up of coal. It requires 2,000 tons of coal to start out on such a voyage, and the steamer burns from 100 to 200 tons | every day. It is a big dwelling house that requires ten tons of coal a year. This steamer uses a single voyage enough to supply a town of 1,000 people or 200 fami- lies with fuel the year round, and it would take as much ceal to lignt her fires as you use in a whole year. Thirty-two Chinamen are kept busy shoveling coal into her fur- naces, and the shoveling goes on day and night from the time she starts till the end of the voyage. During our journey the engines were pushed to their fullest. We had a head wind the most of the way, and for twelve out of the thirteen days which it took to cross it was stormy in the extreme. As we neared the Aleutian Islands it became | bitterly cold, and the ship was covered with snow and ice. The sailor in the “crow’s | nest,” among the rigging, nearly froze to | death and he was so cold he had to be carried down to the main deck. I shall never for- set how beautiful the ship looked on the morning after this cold snap. The sun rose and painted the tce-clad ship with dia- monds. Every rope sparkled with a thou- sand prismatic hues ard the masts were great poles of precious stones. There was a fierce wind blowing and as the sun came up the ice melted and the sailors chopped it from the hurricane deck and swept it away into the sea. I took a snap shot of them as we rose and fell in the waters and it almost freezes me in the remembrance as I look at it. In Harbor. ‘We came into the harbor here, however, with the sun shining. We got a splendid view of Fugiyama, whose snow-clad beauty rose 12,000 feet out of the sea through opal- escent clouds, and rode in sampans to the shore, to find ourselves surrounded by the queer sights of Japan in winter. We saw the rich Yum Yum rushing along the streets on her wooden clogs, with only her bright eyes showing out of the well-wrapped face, for all the world like the veiled maidens of Egypt, and we saw her poorer sister caught by the wind at a corner, and her paper um- }brella torn from her hands by the storm, | while she bent over and tried to keep her |Kimona from blowing up above her bare jknees. We Americans would freeze in Jap- anese dress. The common people of both sexes wear neither drawers nor under- |clothing, and the long, warm stockings | which our maidens affect are unknown in Japan. Both men and women wear shoes of white cotton, which just clasp the ankles, and which are kept off the ground by san- | dals of straw or of wood. Above these to the | Waist there ts no leg covering, except the |loose silk or cotton gown known as the Kimona. This is fastened at the front, and it is sometimes wadded. It is worn by both | Sexes, and as they push their way along the that of this vast amount one-third has to! | like gigantic yellow birds faces. They have immense hats, sometimes | streets the raw cold wind of winter drags the folds apart at the front, and you can see the amorous snow flying about the rosy bare calves of the maidens. Among the poorer classes there are many who are entirely barelegged, and I have been pulled about through the city today In a Wind Storm. by jinrikisha men whose legs were nude from their thighs to their feet, and whose only protection from the snow on the ground was a sole of woven straw, not much thicker than a fat buckwheat cake. These soles or straw sandals are held on by straw straps, which run irom the bacx to @ point a toe’s length from the front. Here they meet between the two largest toes of the foot, and are held on by the toes. They are used rather as a protection from slip- ping than as a means of keeping the feet warm, and they soon wear into pieces. The man I had today had used up his sandals long before we got to the end of our ride, ard he went for some miles entirely bare- footed. When we stopped I noticed him take some straw rope, almost as thick as a clothes line, and tie a piece of it to each of big red toes behind the joints. I asked why he did so, and was told that he found it made him less liable to slip. The rubbers of Japan are wooden stilts about three inches high, which are used like sandals, and the common people wear mackintoshes or rain coats made of straw, which makes them look for all the world with human shaped like butter bowls and again like parasols, and a group of country people would make the fortune of a Barnum if he could bring them to the United States. With the new movement all sorts of foreign cos- tumes have come in, and I saw hundreds of Yum Yum. the ugliest of our blankets and carriage robes used as shawls by both men and wo- men. They are the only colors in Japan| which swear at the rest of their surround- ings and are a blot on the picturesqueness of the people. I note that most of the peo- ple walk about with their mouths open, and in the colder days many of them cover their mouths with a sort of a pad and breathe behind this. They seem to care nothing for th- exposure of the chest, and the gowns of both sexes ate decidgdly de- collete. = pe ra\a. Japanese Waterproof. And still clothes are practically all that keep the Japanese warm. They don’t know what a good fire is, and the supply of heat which {s annually required in an American house is more than the average Japanese family uses in a lifetime. Their houses are of thin wooden boards made in frames, so that the walls slide in and out of one an- other, leaving draughts at every corner. There is no plaster nor lath to add to their warmth, and the inner walls and partitions are made of paper so thin that they let in the Nght and take the place of windows. There ts not a chimney or a fireplace in any of these Japanese homes, and the peo- ple rely on the warmth of their blood and a little box of charcoal to keep them from | freezing. They hover over this warming their hands and sit on their feet. They be- lieve If they can keep the extremities warm the rest of the body will take care of itself. They look, nevertheless, healthy and hap- py, and it may be that they are right. 200 COLLEGES AND NOVELISTS. The Majority of English Writers Are Not University Bred. From Temple Bar. Neither Oxford nor Cambridge is strong in fiction, but Cambridge possesses two names of the first rank, Sterne and Thack- eray. The majority of our great novelists graduated in the rougher school of the world, and probably acquired there a better equipment for their work than any uni- versity could give them. Defoe (1661-1731) received the rudiments of education at an academy at Newington Green, and was successively rebel, mer- chant, manufacturer, satirist in verse,bank- rupt, political secretary, pamphleteer and jcurnalist, before he wrote, at the age of sixty, the mortal ‘Robinson Crusoe.” Fielding (1707-1754) was at Eton until eighteen, then travelei for a short time and began his literary career as a writer for the stage, living a Bohemian sort of life; and Was a magistrate at Bow street, and a ter- ror to evil dcers, when he wrote “Tom Jones” and “Amelia.” Richardson (1689-1761) was the son of a joiner, whose means were inadequate to carry out his intention of educating his son for the church, who forthwith became a! printer, and died one. Smollett (1721-1771) | came of a good Scotch family, and, of! ccurse, received a sound education; went up | to London at eighteen, with a tragedy in| his pocket, which was to bring him fame and fortune, but, his hopes being blighted, became surgeon's mate on board a man-of- war during the Carthagena expedition in 1741, a post abandoned in disgust on his re- | turn, but one nevertheless which proved of inestimable service to him in his new ca- reer as author in providing material for those inimitable sketches of naval life and character with which his novels abound. Scott (1771-1832) was brought up to the law, and during the long vacations went on those expeditions to Liddesdale and else- where, which, together with his legal ex- periences, were to be turned to account for the delight of thousands in the years to come. Dickens (1812-1870) was sent to a school at Chatham, kept by a Baptist min- ister, until the age of ten, when began that vagrant existence of which no reader of “David Copperfield” needs to be told, and during which, to use Dickens’ own words, “but for the mercy of God he might easily have become, for any care that was taken of him, a little robber or a little vagabond.” SOME LONG TERMS, Senator Morrill and His Fortieth Year in Publio Life, WHEN SHERMAN ENTERED CONGRESS | Mr. Morrill Has Beaten the Records of Sumner and Hamlin. A VETERAN TARIFF EXPERT Written for The Evening Star. S ENATOR JUSTIN 8. Morrill of Vermont, the father of the Sen- ate, and the father of Congress as well, cel- ebrates his eighty- fourth birthday to- day. As has been customary for many years, he gives a re- ception this evening to celebrate the an- niversary. The oldest man in either House of Congress today, Mr. Morrill is active still, and takes a lively interest in the tariff debate which is now going on. He has a better right, perhaps, to an active interest in the tariff question than any other man on the floor of Con- | gress, for he framed the war tariff thirty- four years ago, known as the “Morrif tariff,” which remained virtually unchanged until the passage of the McKinley law in 1890, There was only one man in the history of the Senate who served a longer continuous term than Mr. Morrill has served in that | body. That man was Thomas H. Benton, the first Senator from Missouri. Benton was a member of the Senate from October 2, 1820, to March 4, 1851. Mr. Benton's term in Congress was not so long as Mr. Morrill’s has been. Mr. Morrill came to Congress thirty-nine years ago, and served in the House twelve years before he was elected to the Senate. Benton was a mem- ber of the House for two years after his term of service in the Senate. His whole term in Congress extended over only thirty- two years. If Mr. Morrill completes his term in the Senate—and there is no reason to believe that he wiil not—he will not quite equal Benton’s record in the Senate. Ben- ton came to the Senate in October, 1820, when the state of Missouri was admitted to the Union. His service, therefore, runs @ little over thirty years. Wm. Rufus King’s Long Term. There has been one other Senator who has served for nearly thirty years, but his service was not continuous. William Rufus King, who was Vice President of the United States with Franklin Pierce, was a member of the Senate from October, 1819, to April, 1844; and again from July, 1848, to January, 1853, He was in the Senate for twenty-nine years. Before that he was for six years a member of the Hou so his congressional term was longer than that of Benton. His ramesake, Rufus King of New York, was in the Senate for nearly twenty years, but not continuously. Henry B. Anthony of Rhode Island served almost as long a term as Mr. Morrill. He was in the Senate consecutively twenty- five years and six months, and if he had served out his last term he would have completed thirty years in the Senate. Like Mr. Morrill, he was elected five times. He was never in the House of Representatives. He died in the service September 2, 1884. Hannibal Hamlin, who was Vice President of the United States with Lincoln, was a member of the Senate both before and after his term as Vice President. member of the Senate from 1848 to 1857, resigning in January of that year to accept | the post of governor of Maine; but less than a month later he resigned the governor- ship to return to the Senate, where he took his seat March 4, 1857. Senate as a Senator until January, 1861, re- signing because he had been elected Vice President. He returned to the Senate as Vice President March 4, 1861, and remained its presiding officer for four years. again a member of the Senate from March 1869, to March 4, 1881. Virtually Mr. Hamlin was a member of the Senate co! tinuously from 1848 to 1865. His actual ser- vice as a Senator, how r, extended over twenty-four years and six months. With his four years as presiding officer, he was twenty-elght years and six months in the Senate. He was in the House of Repre- sentatives for four years before he became a Senator. Atter Mr. Hamlin, Samuel Smith of Mary- land has the record of longest service in the Senate. He was a member of Congress from 1793 to 1893; then member of the Senate from 103 to 18! member of the House again from 1816 to 1822, and a mem- ber of the Senate once more from 1822 to 1833. He was therefore actively in Con- gress from 17:8 to 1833 continuously—one year longer than Mr. Morrill has now serv- ed. His service in the Senate was a little more than twenty-three years, Charles Sumner's Service. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts served in the Senate continuously from March 4, 1851, to March 11, 1874—twenty-three years and seven days. Sumner never served in the House. He was a candidate in 1848, but was defeated. He was in the Senate when he died. John Gaillard of South Carolina, who also died in the service, was a member of the Senate continuously from December, 1804, to February 26, 1826—a little more than twenty-one years. He was never a mem- ber of tne House. N. R. Knight of Rhode Island served in the Senate from January, 1821, to March, 1841—a little more than twenty years. He was never a member of the House; but his father was a Repre- sentative from Rhode Island for five years. This is the list of those now dead who have served in the Senate for twenty years or more. It is not a long Ii Several Senators have served nineteen yi among them Daniel Webster and Zach. andler, Henry Wilson, one of the Vice Presidents, was a member of the Senate for eighteen years, and was presiding officer of that body for two and a half years more;though he did not tulfill the duties of Vice Presi- dent actively, owing to fll health. Two of Ohio's famous sons—Benjamin Ruggles and Ben. Wade—served for eighteen years. So did Timothy O. Howe of Wisconsin. Simon Cameron of Pennsylvania was in the Sen- ate for eighteen years, and his son Don Cameron has been in his seat for seventeen years. Senator Sherman ranks next to Senator Morrill in congressional experience. He en- tered the House in the same Congress with Mr. Morrill and served one term in the Senate before Mr. Morrill entered that body. But his term of congressional ser- vice was broken by his appoiatment as Secretary of the Treasury under President Hayes. Mr. Hayes offered Mr. Morrill a place In the cabinet, but the veteran Ver- monter has always believed tl the most appropriate field for his activity was in the Senate, and has been content to ro- main there so long as his constituents would return him. Mr. Sherman has serv- ed twenty-nine years in the Senate and he Next to Mr. Morrill and Mr. Sherman in length of se vice stands Mr. Allison of Iowa. He has been in Congress thirty-one years, of which twenty-one years have been spent in the Senate. Mr. Allison is younger by six years than Mr. Sherman, and eighteen years the Junior of Mr. Morrill. Senator Harris of Tennessee. Mr. Harris of Tennessee was a member of the House six years before Mr. Morrill came to Congress, and he was six years younger than Mr. Morrill. But his service in Congress was interrupted, and he has He was a_ He remained in the , He was | been only twenty-one years in congression- al life. He stands No. 10 today in the list of long-term members of Congress. Next to Mr. Allison in congressional experience is Representative Holman, who hi en twenty-nine years a member of the House. If he serves out his present term Mr. Hol- man will have made a record. No man has ever served thirty years in the House of Representatives. Judge Kelley of Pennsyl- vania was serving his thirtieth year in the House when he died. Mr. O'Neill of Penn- | sylvania had served almost twenty-nine years when he died last fail. Less than a year ago Mr. Holman told me that O'Neill and he had been discussing the possibilities of outliving their thirty years of service, and he said guess O'Neill will break the record. He is strong and hearty. But he was asking me the other day if I believed there was anything in the tradition that no man could serve thirty years in the House.” Mr. O'Neill did not live to “beat the rec- ord,” but Mr. Holman seems likely to do so. After Mr. Holman come Mr. Voorhees, with ten years in the House and seventeen years in the Senate; Mr. Hoar, with eight years in the House and seventeen years in the Senate; Mr. Hale, with twelve years in the House and thirteen in the Senate; Mr. Frye, with ten years in the House and thir- teen years in the Senate. Senator Ransom has never been in the House, but he ranks ahead of Mr. Allison in senatorial service. He came to the Senate twenty-two years ago. An Enviable Public Record. Senator Morrill can look back upon an en- viable public record. For thirty-nine years he has been an active member of Congress, earnestly Interested in legislation, and in all that time he has merited the respect of his political foes, as well as his political | friends. No one has ever accused him of permitting personal interest to influence | his actions on any measure before Con- gress. He has been the leader of the pro- | tectionists in the Senate for nearly a quar- | ter of a centuty, and no one has suggested | tariff legislation through speculation or bus- | iness investments. When Mr. Morrill came to Congress, In 1855, what was known as the Waiker tariff law was in operation. Mr. | Morrill had been a storekeeper. In his youth he was a clerk in the employ of a business, shipping to the West Indies. He returned to Vermont when he was twenty- | one years old and became a receiver of a | general store, and then the proprietor of that store. Afterward he served as director of a local bank. He was in mercantile life more than seventeen years before he re- | tired to a farm. When he came to Con- | gress, therefore, he had a better knowledge of business conditions than most of the members of the House. Mr. Orr of South Carolina, the Speaker of the House, put Mr. | Morrill on the ways and means committee at the suggestion of Galusha Grow, in 1857, | on the retirement of N. P. Banks, who had been elected governor of Massachusetts. There was a movement on foot to pass a radical protective measure. Mr. Morrill was made one of the subcommittee to formulate |@ protective tariff bill. With him were Henry W. Davis of Maryland and William A. Howard of Michigan. From the active part Mr. Morrill took in Morrill bill, and when it was passed it was called the Morrill law. Since its enactment Mr. Morrill has continued to be one of the most earnest and active protectionists in Congress. The infirmities of age prevent him taking the lead in the fight against the Wilson bill, but his voice and his vote will be found against it. GEORGE GRANTHAM BAIN. org STREET CLEANING. How the Work is Done in the Great Cities of Europe. From Cassell's Journal. | An ingenious Frenchman has just pub- Ushed a number of valuable facts about the street work of Paris, the cleanest city | the world. Every morning 2,600. male and | 600 female scavengers, divided into 149 brig- ades, turn out to perform the toilet of the | capital The men work from 4 a.m. to 4 | p.m., less two hours off for meals, or ten hours a day, earning, most of them, from 2 shillings and 6 pence to 8 shillings. The | women are engaged in the morning only, and, being paid 3 pence an hour, make only 1 shilling and 6 pence a day at the outside. | Night work in Paris is, it seems, unknown | —at any rate, to the regular scavengers. Should a shower occur in the evening, ge- serves are sent out to clear away the slush and make the streets clean again. In our large English cities, on the other hand, much sweeping is done about mid- night. As with us, the Paris administrative has direct control of its scavenging ar- rangements, which cost £240,000 a year. In Vienna, where the same work is admirably done, it is otherwise. Each town contracis for a number of years with a transport | geselischaft, the chief carrying company, |for the cleaning of its streets in all wea- thers. The company finds both men and materials in abundance, as is shown by | some statistics relating to a snow stonn of a short time back. In one day there | were in use twenty snow plows, twenty sweeping machines, 200 two-horse wagons, and 3,000 hands. Berlin, however, is made presentable much more cheaply than Paris, | the cost of sweeping the streets there be- ing only £80,000 a year. This sum, again, affords a curious contrast with that spent |in the same way by Manchester. Eight years ago the cleansing of Cottonopolis | cost £90,000 per annum; it now costs double that amount—f180,000—though, of course, | the city has not increased proportionately. | But it must not be forgotten that in our large towns the expenditure on street | cleaning has of late years been abnormally | heavy, owing to the severe winters we have experienced, and the consequent difficulty in clearing away snow. What is the cost of London’s toilet? No statistician has yet attempted to estimate it, and indeed the whole subject bas been neglected. This is a pity, since there are some wonderful figures about cleaning the | Streets of the metropolis. The most start- ling perhaps are those relating to London bridge. It is computed that about 200,000 pedestrians and 20,000 vehicles cross that structure every day. Each leaves behind a little shoe leather or a little iron—tust a trifle. But when litter and dust are added to these minute losses the whole fills be- tween three and four carts. The most sur- prising fact of ail, however, ts that the in- cessant traffic across the bridge reduces to powder about twenty-five cubic yards of granite every year. Where is there another bridge the annual loss of which is anything like half as much? ———__+0-+_____ A PRETTY SIGHT. Children Dancing in the Street to Music. From Harper's Bazar. “I confess,” said a very great lady to her confidante, as the two chatted over their 5-o'clock tea, “I blush to confess to a quite pronounced liking for street bands and street music. Even the organ grinder | charms me, unless his instrument is hope- lessly out of ture, and I find my feet going pat, pat, on the floor, in time to his waltzes and polkas. It is a plebeian taste.” And she smiled, and looked patrician to her finger tips. “One of the prettiest sights in town,” said the confidante, who worked now and then with a downtown mission, “is to see the children of the tenement region dance to the strains of a piano-organ. Where have they learned their steps or caught their grace? They Come out as the chil- dren in Browring’s ballad came at the bid- ding of the Pied Piper, in troops and swarms, and they dance with a gleeful abandon which is touching to those who know how meager their lives are, poor little companions of squalor and victims of want. Dark-eyed Italian children throng in some quarters of the city, and their movements are full of natural grace and harmony; Irish boys and girls, Germans or Swiss, Hun- garians, Poles, and olive-skinned Hebrews, abound in other localities, but wherever you find the children you are certain to see them respond eagerly to the call of the ‘or- gan man’ and his orchestra. They drop their few pennies into the hat when it goes round, they beg breathlessly for one more tune, and sink happily to the pavement when the music dies away, and the per- formers tramp hopefully off to another pavement playground’ | the possibility of his being interested in | | house in Portland, Me., which did a large | | framing the bill it became known as the | TRAGIC MEMORIES. Some Interesting Reminiscences of a | Thrilling Night. WHY BOOTH WAS NOT SOON CAPTURED | Detective McDevitt’s Recollections Following the Assassination. MR. AL. DAGGETT’S STORY Written for The Evening Star. A PRIL 14 WILL AL- ways be marked in the national calendar as the anniversary of one of the most start- lng and one of the saddest tragedies the world has known— the assassination of President Lincoln. To @ younger genera- tion, who know the murder of President Lincoln only as his- tory, the accounting to which the chief conspirators were called brings the whole tragedy to a satisfactory | conclusion, Their elders, who retain still in detail the impressions made upon their | minds at the time, feel that the dignity of | justice was sacrificed to dramatic effect when Booth was permitted to die in so Picturesque a fashion, instead of being cap- tured alive, tried by a court and hanged like a common felon. It is not generally known that but for a single hitch at the outset of his pursuit he would probably have shared the gallows with his feliow- plotters. James A. McDevitt,the well-known Wash- ington detective, was in those days a mem- ber of the public detective force, with an office at police headquarters, on 10th street, only about a hundred yards away from Ford's Theater, “That was a night of horrors,” said he the other day, recalling the assassination, | in conversation with a friend; “but in view of the pitch to which public excitement was wrought up, it is wonderful that there were not more bloody scenes enacted. I was en- gaged at my usual work at headquarters when Maj. Richards, then superintendent of the metropolitan police, suddenly rushed in, making a straight line for one of our | two telegraph instruments. “Take the other | instrument, quick! he called to me. ‘The| President has been shot. We must send / out a general alari I ran to the second instrument, and we soon had the news flashing in every direction through the city. The detectives were sent out to find per- sons who could give us any information pointing to the identity or whereabouts of the assassin. As fast as we could find a man who had seen the shooting or had had! a good look at the face of the murderer, or who knew anything whatever about the af- | fair, we would bring him in and make him tell what he could. Meanwhile a crowd gathered in front of headquarters. A large) par of ft was composed of soldiers—odds and ends of the army who were hanging about Washington. They were wildly ex- cited over the murder, and eager to get hold of anybody concerned in it. You know what a false’ notion outsiders sometimes have of any one who is seen in the hands {of the police? Well, these soldiers saw us| bringing in one man after another and | Jumped to the conclusion that each one was | |@ conspirator. They wanted to storm the ; building, carry off these people and hang | them to the trees in the street. The uproar | | was reaching a dangerous height, and 1_ | made up my mind something must be done | or we should be unable to protect our) | charges. I went out on the steps, there-| | fore, begged the crowd for a brief hearing | and made a little off-hand appeal to them. | “You are the friends of the President,’ | said I, ‘and so are we. You are anxious to | see justice dore to the perpetrators of this | crime, but your anxiety is no greater than ours. If you will help instead of hindering | us we shall be able to do our work. These | people who are coming to headquarter: with us are not criminals. They are friends of the President, too. They are coming | | here to tell us what they know, so that we can use the information in capturing the assassin.’ A Hint Given. “The crowd acted very well, indeed. They received my speech in good faith and made! went with our witnesses. I was out on one of these scouting expeditions when I way for us thereafter, as we came and| TO ADVERTISERS. ‘Advertisers ere urgently re- ‘quested to hand tn advertisements the day prior to publication, in @rder that tneertion may be es- sured. Want advertisements will be received up to noon of the day ©f publication, precedence being given to those first received. Ss in the main purpose of our visit. Gen. Grant did not appear. This fact un- doubtedly defeated one of the plans of the conspirators, and spared the country t horror of a double tragedy. “I was personally acquainted with Booth, and met and chatted with him in a restau- rant adjoining the theater just before he went in to kill the President. He me into the building, and went directly up to the President's box. I worked my way through the crowd more slowly, and had just passed down the aisle to the point where a railing divided the parquet circle from the orchestra stalls, when the noise of the pistol shot rang through the house. I saw Booth spring from the box, tearing himself free from Major Rathbone’s hands, as they tried to pull him back. heard him shout, ‘Sic semper tyrannis!’ though at the distance at which I stood the words were indistinguishable. The audience seemed stunned for an instant, nobody realizing what had happened. The first spectator to clamber over the footlights and up on the stage was a banker Stewart, who boldly followed Booth, and would probably have caught him but that the fugitive actor knew all the ins and outs behind the scenes, whereas the pursuer caught bis feet in ropes and stumbled over tail pieces and bumped against wings, losing ground rapidly, and being thrown off the trail, so that by the time he reached the stage door the assassin must have been well down the street.” “What did you do?” Piss — as fast as I could to the Presi- lent’s ‘box. A surgeon who happened to be in the house had already got there, and had cut Mr. Lincoln's clothing open at the back of the neck, so that his wound could be found and dressed. You know at the start no one could see where the shot had entered. Mr. Lincoln wore a broad collar and an old-fashioned stock. The surgeon with his knife slashed down through collar, stock, coat and all, laying bare the orifice of the wound, and showing the what they were to do. I shall never | the appearance of the dead President. His face and upper neck were bronzed and roughened by years of exposure, but, of course, had paled a good deal from loss of blood. His body, however, where the cloth- ing had cove: it, was as soft and smooth and white as the skin of a delicate woman. Where awful business was begun. Everybody could find who could give any sort of con- nected story of the tragecy was and cross-questioned. The taken down by Corporal Tanner, the commissioner of pensions, who wes an in pert stenographer and then a clerk War Department. As soon as I could spared, I hastened over to Pennsylvania avenue and headed for Willard’s Hotel, which was then the great rendezvous for every: body who had news or gossip, and it curred to me I might pick up some m valuable information there. Just as I ed the front of the hotel I met some a: down from the corner of 15th calling out to everybody they ed Secretary Seward had been assassinated, Waited to hear no more, but made a nd naa the Secretary's house. There I relieved to learn that the Secretary, though badly wounded, had escaped with ‘nis life. His case shows how sometimes what we consider a misfortune proves a stroke of good luck. He had been out driving shortly before this fatal day, and had been thrown from his carriage with great violence, treak- ing his jaw. The physician had fixed up a steel mask or frame to hold the broken bones in place while setting. All the family bewalled the accident bitterly at the time it occurred. After that Good Friday night, however, they realized that it was a bless- ing in disguise. Payne, the boldest and most desperate of the whole group of con- spirators, entered the sick chamber, knife in hand, and found Mr. Seward in bed, lying on his left side, with his face toward the wall. The assassin pulled him over and stabbed viciousiy at his neck. The blade struck the old man’s face, on which three deep gashes were cut, but in descending to the neck was met by the steel mask and glanced off. This alone saved the Secretary's life. So, if Mr. Seward had not broken his jaw in his car- riage accident, he would have shared Presi- Gent-Lincoln’s fate. “One incident in connection with the trag- edy illustrates the ease with which the pub- Ne will sometimes jump to conclusions end the way an illusion will cling in the mind when once thus hastily fixed. The morn! after the assassination the relic hunters gathered in force near the house where the President died, in the hope of getting @ chip from the doorstep where it was spat- tered with blood. Everybody's assumption was that because Mr. Lincoln had been shot the blood on the steps must be his, and that idea is cherished to this hour by many who were there. It was a mistake. I was one of the party who helped carry the Pres- ident over from the theater. I can testify that no blood fell from his wound on the but Maj. Rathbone, who was stabbed in the arm by Booth in the course of their struggle in the box, was too excited to notice his own condition; he was bleeding, and {t was his loss of blood on the doorstep that attracted his attention to the nezessity of doing something for himself. It was Rathbone's blood, therefore, which was mis- taken for Lincoln's.” ax) —_ Written for The Evening Star. FLT i H met a man whose face seemed very famil- jar. He was evidently an actor whom I had seen on the stage, and the impression left on my mind was that it was John McCul- lough, the afterward famous tragedian. I do not want to speak positively on this point, for I have never ascertained whether McCullough was in Washington at that time or not. At any rate, the man stopped me, called me by name and gave me this startling hin “If you want to find out all about this desperate business, keep an eye on Mrs. Surrratt’s house in H street.’ “Mark you, this was the first intimation given or received by any one as to where the plot was hatched. I acted on it with- out delay. With some other detectives I visited Mrs, Surratt’s house and searched it; we then turned it over to the military to watch, and it was they who captured Payne as he was returning to the house, disguised as a laboring man, with a pick on his shoulder. I found there a young man named Wickham, who proved so use- ful that I kept him under arrest for some tUme, not letting him out of my sight— even taking him home with me for h: meals. It was on the strength of whi I learned from him that I made an ex- Pedition to Canada in search of the trail of John H. Surratt, and, armed with th commission of a post office inspector, tra’ eled on a mail car from Montreal to New York in company with a letter which had been addressed to Surratt and mailed in the Montreal post office. But all that is another story. A Delay That Was Fatal. “To come back to Washington and the assassination, it may interest you to know how near we came to catching Booth the very night of his flight. We traced hira from the stage door of Ford’s Theater up through the alley and into F street and then eastward to the Anacostia bridge. One of the bridge tenders described a horsenran who had crossed the bridge at just about the time when Booth, at the galt at which he was moving, could have reached it from the theater. We hastened back and reported. The police board at once made a request of the military authori- ties for a few cavalry horses to mount a Picked body of our men on and a cavalry escort for the party, who were to strik at full speed for Charles county, Md., to- ward which we believed Booth headed. Had the request been granted I have no doubt we should have caught up with him at his first halting place. But it was re- fused, and he obtained a good start in consequence, and was not found for nearly two weeks. Mr. Daggett’s Recollections. It has doubtless passed out of most per- sons’ minds that Albert Daggett, the con-/ tractor, was private secretary to Secretary | Seward at the time of President Lincoln's | assassination. “I was at Ford’s Theater on that mem- self had our attention attracted by a great placard hung out at the theater door, an-| nouncing that Gen. Grant was to be pres-| ent at the evening performance, and, as My Lil Ole Mis’. Dey tells you @is—dey tells you dat "Bout slabe days bein’ done, But I telis you I'll eat my hat Dis day ef I ain't one. Fo’ If! ole mis’ she sets right dah, An’ awdabs me aroun’, An’ studies—you mout think, I ‘clab— ‘She's wantin’ dis, an’ wishin’ dat, An’ buh po’ foots katnt run; “Go bring my stool, an’ &x my mat. An’ mobe me out de sun. Go look an’ see ef we'der's fine, So's I kin tek « ride; Go stawch my caps an’ mek ‘em shine,- You knows I's beap 0’ pride. “Dis milk’s too sweet, aw "tis too sour; Dat tea am much too strong; ©, I mus’ bad Gat lubly fower;— I wants to hear @ song.” An’ #0 it goes fum day tell night— Bub foot-ball I mus’ be, An’ all bub fambly thinks it’s right Dat she repose awn ma, An’ I mos’ mek de chilien hesh, Les’ it resturb ber sleep; Bde's got no ba’r, but I mus’ bresh ‘Same's ef she had a heap. Av’ I mus always eat de crus” Incause bub toofs am few; Xow, do you think tt could be wuss Ef it was slabedom true? Bometimes she’s cross—is li] ole Mis’, Dis niggah den «he'll i Bot I don’ min’, fo’ I c'u'd kiss Dat yelvet hau’ #0 white,—- Fo’ I does lub huh mightily Down deep widin’ my soul;— An’ yit I mout stribe tow be tree ‘Time she gits two ye'rs ole. ow me . Lincolnia, Va. Silverware Cheaper Than Dollars. From the Pittsburg Dispatch. “You can now purchase solid silverware made up into forks, spoons, ete., which will weigh much more than the silver money you pay for it,” said a jeweler yesterday. “In other words, you can buy silver with less silver than is contained in your pur- chase, notwithstanding the fact thet a cer- tain amount of labor has been put upon it to shape it into forks, spoons, ete. Sil- verware was never cheaper than it is to- day. Why, the prices are so far down that it is almost folly to buy plated ware, as you can purchase the sterling article for the same price. In eastern houses all flat- ware |s being sold by the ounce. If you ask the price of forks or spoons the dealer does not hame the figure per dozen, but tells you that the ware is so much per ounce. We are now selling spoons which formerly sold for $12 a dozen for just one-half that price. Plates and platters which are made of the best grades of white metals must now com- pete with solid silver goods, for their prices are nearly the same. The fact of a person using solid silver upon his table is now mo we had never seen the general, we bought ticket. We were disappointed, however, criterion of his circumstances, for it is ab most as cheap as any othes.*