Evening Star Newspaper, March 31, 1894, Page 13

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THE EVEN A HAPPY DAY For the Congregation of the Church of the Advent. LE DROIT PARK’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH The Pretty Church Home and the History of the Enterprise. ACTIVE, EARNEST WORKERS An event of great importance to many fesidents of Le Droit Park will take place tomorrow. The pretty and cozy building erected for the use of the Episcopalians will be occupied for the first time. At 11 o'clock there wiil be services in the new edifice and holy communion will be ceie- brated. The church is known as the Church of the Advent and is located in the rear of the lots at the southeast corner of 24 and U streets, Le Droit Park. It is hoped that in the near future, when the needs of the congregation require it and the funds per- mit, a larger and more ambitious structure will be erected on the front of the ground, and then the present building can be used for the purposes of a parish hall and Sab- bath school room. The history of the little Chureh of the Advent is not without in- terest. Le Droit Park is a delightful sub- urb of the city and an attractive place of residence, and yet it has had one great want. With the exception of Gurley Me- morial Church it has had no place of wor- ship. Gurley Church alone, facing Monte Carlo on the west side of 7th street, has had to fight the good fight, but this she has done valiantly. Today she is a flourishing institution; the gamblers have fled and Monte Carlo is only a disgraceful memory. From time to time efforts have been made to start an Episcopalian organization in the park. In 1886 and 1887 the Rev. Dr. Camp organized a Sabbath school class, which met at the residence of Mr. Harris, Maple avenue. The enterprise did not suc- ceed. But it is interesting to note that $25 contributed by the children, safely preserved in the meantime, formed the first contribu- tion to the building fund of the Church of the Advent. A subsequent effort in the same direction was made in about 1889 by Trinity Church, but this also failed. Rev. Mr. Tongue’s Energy. Such was the condition of things when, about 1891, the Rev. Mr. Tongue, rector of Grace Church, South Washington, became a resident of the park. Urged by his zeal, he went to work, canvassed the park and found to his surprise a large number of Episco- palian families residing there. Appointed by the Rev. Dr. Buck of Rock Creek, in which parish Le Droit Park is situated, as pastor in charge of the mission, he called meetings. These were continued from week to week, subscription papers were circu- lated, money in all sorts of amounts, from 25 cents upward, was contributed, Mr. Id- ward J. Stellwagen made the generous gift of two lots, the trustees purchasing a third, Rock Greek Church paying a part of the cost. It should be mentioned that the church extension fund committee, of which Mr. Lewis J. Davis is treasurer, acted with great liberality. In the darkest days of the depression, when to raise money on mortgage was im- possible, and people feared to invest in anything but their old stockings, a young lady residing in the park came fi rd and voluntarily and unsolicited said: “You desire to raise money on your land to build your church. You can have any amount you wish for that purpose.” Some time prior to this the following trustees had been appointed: A. A. Birney, John L. Weaver, H. L. Prince, Charles Davies, Mr. Birney being president and Mr, Davies treasurer, ‘The Women’s Part. It is not necessary to say that the women, who are ready in every good work, were not idle. The project that men twice undertook and twice despairingly surren- dered, they took up and made a success of. Remembering what Christianity has done for them, they never seem to forget what they ought to do for Christianity. Not she with traitorous kiss her Savior stung, Not she denied Him with unholy tongue; She, while apostles shrank, could danger brave, Last at His cross and earliest at His grave. A ladies’ society was formed, with a lady that is all energy and activity, Mrs. A. A. Birney, at its head. A sewing society soon followed. Needles few with the rapid- ity of lightning. Useful articles were made. Husbands, brothers and sons were drafted to solicit purchasers. And it was not an uncommon thing, in courts of law, in real estate offices, and in govermnent depart- ments, to hear the question: “Does not your wife want a few apron: And so the aprons and caps were sold. Garden parties and strawberry festivals followed each other in rapid succession. Finally, on the lith and 12th of December, 1993, a fair and bazaar was held in Masonic Temple, in which the ladies of nearly all the Epis- copal churches of the city united, vying with each other, in their respective booths, in efforts for the little Church of the Ad- vent. Over five hundred dollars were real- ized by this fair. An interesting incident of the fair was the appearance of the first Sabbath. school class of the church, march- ing after a white satin banner that had been presented to the school. The Church Completed. ‘The ladies and their friends, it may be Presumed, are happy. The church for which they prayed so fervently and labored so hard, under the planning and superin- tendence of Mr. William Northrup Dudley, architect, is an accomplished fact. The foundation stone was laid December 27, 1848, and today Mr. Robert McDonald, con- tractor, turned the finished building over to the trustees. ‘The church as completed will comfortably seat about 300 people. The altar and its furnishings have been presented by gen- erous friends. The ladies of Eckington who will unite with the new congregation have kindly loaned the organ, desk and other furni- ture. pS CONSUMPTION OF PAPER. The Enormous Figures Showing the Extensive Use in This Country. It ts a curious and rather startling fact that next to the articles entering into food and clothing paper is the most universaily used commodity in the world. It would be an almost impossible task to find in any civilized community a person or business concern that does not to a greater or less degree make use of paper in some of its various forms. Some philosopher has said that the civilization and prosperity of a country may be measured by its consump- tion of paper. If this is as fair an index as fs seems upon reflection to be reasonable statistics prove the United States to have distanced all the other nations of the world in the race of true development. Perhaps no Tine of business haz had a more remark- able growth in the United States ths past ten years than the paper-making industry. ‘This is true in all branches, but especially so in the line of book and news print papers. ‘The American people are a nation of read- ers, and the rapidly decreasing prices of books and newspapers have greatly in- creased the consumption of paper in these two lines. One or two cents will purchase a of reading matter, in the form of our Bass Callies, consisting of from elght. to sixt- ges, while twelve to twenty cents ; rchase handsomely bound an "3 Tactee books of standard and popular au- thors. Newspapers Use the Most. ‘The daily output of news print paper in the United States is about 1,200 to 1,500 tons. Just think of 125 or 150 car loads of news- papers mentally devoured each day in this country. The production of news print is larger than any other grade. That of book paper is probably as much as 1,000 tons, and of writing 450 tons each, daily. It will be Interesting here to quote some of the figures of the paper industry in the Uni- States, as compiled by the Paper ‘Irade Sanat’ The ‘Ss daily capacity of the States in opera- ll kinds and grades d at about 10,000 tons. represented tons wrap- Bews print 2 s “ card, 490 tons | a Aa 0) tons of the Mecioee nd grades. The states in the production of paper ork, Maine, Massachusetts, Wis- nsylvania, Ohio and Illinois. - ates comes nearly three- of the entire paper supply of the Wy far the greater part of this vast + con: ed in the United States— paper-using country in the In forelgn markets, however, Ameri- a firm footing. output is the greatest can paper is gaining = oo ‘The Big-Nosed Man. he Kansas City Journal gga male fun of a big nose, but the big-nosed people can stand a little twitting, for the big nose is the only kind that makes {ts way through the world with credit to itself and its possessor. The little stubby noses may have brilliancy and imagina- tion: the big nose, particularly the has executive ability, and y ever heard of a little- anding an army or con- cantile or industrial in- es are not given to little y big noses can fill them. A responsible position may be but le nose Be Kitti in safe, but will never be enterprising. —— Wild Geese “Wedges.” From the Boston Transcript. Wild geese that “pass in the night”—did you hear that weird “honk” Saturday even- ing? ous, thet flying In a wedge form. Rollo asks at breakfast how they know enough te do so. His father gives this theory: Say that two geese attempt to fol- low their leader; now, in order that their wings may have room to play, they will naturally tail out_and form a small wedge to start with. Then a fourth bird lines along behind the one on the left, and a fifth, in a d to get as near the leader sible, '$ after the one on the righ go they keep on forming wedges of such | varying length and irregular triangular} shape a3 we see « ONE OF A NOTABLE FAMILY. David Dudley Field, Who Was a Youth Before Lincolm Was Born. From the Chicago Herald. Still hale and vigorous, David Dudley Field celebrated his eighty-ninth birthday at Rome recently, receiving numerous con- gzatulations, verbal and telegraphic, on the occasion. Mr. Field is older than either Gladstone, Bismarck or Leo XIII, and nearly as old as Kossuth. Abraham Lincoln was yet un- born when Field was a youth. The Con- stitution of the United States was still on trial and had not even been adopted by all the states. David Dudley Field began his life amid plain surroundings, but in an intensely American atmosphere. He was born in Haddam, Conn., on February 18, 1805. He Was the eldest of seven sons and two daughters. His father was a minister of the gospel, and had $500 a year salary. Out of this he reared his family and gave three of his sons a college education. When six- teen years of age young Field was ready for college. He entered Williams in 1621, and began the study of law. In 1828 he Was admitted to the bar, and removed to New York, where he began the practice of his profession and his active public life. To say that Mr. Field's life has been a re- markable one feebly expresses it. As a young lawyer he had to struggle with such giants as Webster, Choate and O’Conor. In politics he krew_and associated with Clay, Calhoun, Van Buren and Polk, just as_a generation later he was the friend and adviser of Lincoln, of Johnson, of Greeley and of Samuel J. Tilden. In liter- ature, Bryant, Hawthorne, Lowell, Whit- tier and Bancroft were his friends. It is of few families that the same can be written that may be of the Field family. David Dudley Field has been a jurist with no superior at the American bar. Cyrus W. Field was the projector of the Atlantic cable and a great financier. Stephen J. Field is a judge on the Supreme bench, and his nephew, Judge Brewer, sits upon the same bench with him. The remaining brother, Henry M. Field, is a leading clergy- man and the editor of the Evangelist. But it is as a Jawyer that David Dudley Field will be remembered. It is given to few tren to spend sixty years of active life at the bar, and still fewer, indeed, would there be of that small number who could devote fifty years to the codification of our laws, a task, when completed, which brought him much undeserved obloquy on account of some of the provisions of what is called the penal code. To a correspond- ent of Harper's Weekly, who recently called upon him, Mr. Field said he at- tributed his good health to a sound con- stitution and hard work. He walks a mile or two daily, and follows no special rule as to eating. On being asked who impressed him as the greatest man of his time he replied at once: “Lincoin, Webster, Clay, Calhoun and others were great men in their way, but Lincoln great in multitude of ways. There seemed hidden springs of greatness In this man that would spring forth in the most unexpected way, and even the men about him were at a loss to account for the order of the man’s genius.” ——\-o+—___. Small Female Feet. From an Interview in St. Louis. The craze for small feet is not nearly so Pronounced as it used to be, and ladies do not feel disgraced when they are compelled to wear a large three or a small four. For years efforts have been made by artists and doctors to inculcate a taste fo> larger feet, and to a great extent they have been suc- cessful. The granitoid sidewalk, however, has done more missionary work in this di. rection than all the talking and writing. While one walks on the grass, it is pretty easy to keep the foot small and comfort- able, but a few hours’ tramp daily on gran- itoid or granite makes a very small foot impossible, and a very small shoe exceed- ingly unccmfortable. By careful measure- ment, however. it is possible to make a shoe which looks a size smaller than it really is, and this is an art the secret of which is not obtained in a few days or even years. ——o-___ A Delicate Question. From Hallo. First Girl—“Don’t you trust Jack; he’s a gay deceiver. Second) Girl—"Do you speak from ex- perience?” ING STAR, SATURDAY, MAROH 31, 1894A—-TWENTYPAGES, THE OCEAN DEPTHS Wonders of Animal: Life Found in the Waters. STRUGGLE AMIDST A DENSE POPULATION The Dark Spaces Lighted by Torch- Bearing Animals. DEEP SHA EXPLOBATIONS ——_>—_—— ‘Written for The Evening Star, HH SURFAOCK ife of the sea has re- gently been the sub- ect of most fruitful nvestigations, under the auspices of this government. Dis- poveries thus made Save revealed much respecting the hith- trto unknown fauna and flora of three- fourths of the parth’s total area. : A more fascinating study can scarcely be imagined. It has disclosed the fact that the superficial layer of the ocean swarms with life, often packed 80 densely that the bulk of animals is actually greater than that of water. These creatures, of numerous species, are found at the surface on calm days. Sometimes they form well-defined streams miles in length, or give color to great patches of sea. At the least ripple of wind they sink to the depth of a few fathoms, out of reach of the disturbance. These arimals, for the most part, have no swimming powers; they drift helplessly at the mercy of winds and currents. Their coloring is in harmony with the sea, gen- erally pale bluish and translucent. As a Tule, they are not noticeable by day, but at night most of them are brilliantly phos- Phorescent, emitting a golden, greenish, or silvery light. The jelly fishes appear then as luminous ,balls, Portuguese men-o’-war are like so many fire-balloons, while cer- tain species of crustaceans shed a light of brilliant emerald green. Meanwhile in- numerable vegetable organisms, 80 simple in structure as to be each but a single cell, contribute their tiny lamps to the illumination of the ocean. In this sur- face life crustaceans are most conspicuous, and among them chief in point of numbers are the so-called “copepods.” These are very small shrimp-like creatures, many of them microscopic. The main purpose of their existence seems to be to serve as food for the larger animals. Of one species the mackerel are very fond. Whole cargoes of that fish are sometimes spoiled by cope- pods of this kind, bright red in color, which rot the stomachs of the dead mackerel. The larger crustacea include a host of pre- daceous forms, which are the scavengers of the pelagic waters. Ships often sail for days through wide stretches of ocean which are continuously covered with a yellowish or reddish “animal mush,” for the most part composed of copepods, Curious and Interesting. This drift lfe of the surface includes jelly fishes of many sorts. Some, called “‘etenophores,” are iridescent, like so many fragments of rainbow floating; others, termed “‘velella: paddle about in schools by means of their tentacles and are so dell- cately organized that waves of moderate size destroy them; others yet, known to science as “‘siphonophores,” are tube shaped and are sometimes found in such numbers as to extend in compact masses over large areas. Conspicuous in this strange fauna are javelin-shaped translucent worms, about half an inch long, with peculiar darting movements. Of the mollusks of the ocean drift the most important are the floating snails called “pteropods.” Some of them are as big as good-sized clams. They feed chiefly on the copepods. On warm and calm days the sur- face swarms with foraminifera—almost mi- croseopic animals, with limy shells of ever so many beautiful forms, through holes in which the tiny tenants project delicate arms. The shells of these creatures, falling to the bottom when they die, fairly pave the greater part of the oceanic floor, much of the same sort of tesselation being furnished by the pteropods. The only insects of the open ocean are skating bugs, which resem- ble the bugs which skate about on inland ponds. Like the latter, they can dive, but ordinarily they stay on the surface. No- where else is the struggle for existence so fierce as among these animals of the ocean. The larger créatures feed on the smaller ones, the bigger crustaceans taking the most active part in the destruction of life. The population is only limited by the food supply. How plentiful the food is may be judged by taking a smail quantity of ap- parently clear sea water and leaving it in shallow pan over night. On examination the next morning the bottom of the pan will be found covered with animal and vegetable fragments. It is in reality a broth. Prof. Hensen has reckoned that the Baltic sea produces an amount of organic substance nearly equal to that which can be obtained from an equal area of meadow land. Like Swarming Tenements. The method adopted for gathering in the surface drift life of the ocean is to tow a net of fine gauze from a boat moving slowly. A single small netful thus collected in the Baltic was counted and found to contain 80,000 crustaceans, 70,000 other animals and about 5,000,000 organisms of various sorts in addition. Most of the creatures described are composed almost wholly of water, hav- ing scarcely more than one per cent of ani- mal tissue. Whales depend for sustenance largely upon the crustaceans and pteropods which feed on the diatoms that propag.te to an extent well nigh inconceivable in cer- tain seas. Wide stretches of the Arctic and Antarctic are often changed by living masses of diatoms into a thick, dark slime—the “black water” of voyagers. ‘The flinty shells of these curious little plants eventually sink to the bottom and form the well-known “diatom ooze’ which covers parts of the ocean floor. In various parts of the ocean, particu- larly in the tropics, are found enormous drifting masses of a kind of weed called "i um" that grows and propagates while floating. If a piece of this weed be placed in a jar of sea water large enough to permit it to expand, it reveais forms of the utmost beauty. At ilrst glance it seems uninhabited, but the observer has only to shake it and ever so many animals of vari- ous kindg and colors—crabs, marine worms, | mollusks, &c., are seen rushing about, eager to hide. Many of them are trans- lucent. Those which are colored seek pro- tection in such portions cf the weed as are tinted suitably for concealing them. In the midst of the Atlantic a vast accumulation of sargassum forms what is knowa as the “Sargasso sea.” The came weed grows at- tached to rocks in the West Indies and on the Florida reefs. Evidently its pelagic habit is one that has been acquired, Deep Sea Fauna. When the pelagic animals die they sink slowly to the bottom of the ocean, where their flesh serves as food for the creatures of the depths, while their shells go to make up the pavement of the sea floor, Below 1,000 or perhaps 1,500 feet from the surface there is no life until the bottom is reached, but the ocean floor has a fauna of its own. This abyssal fauna is very peculiar, in- cluding many types that are extremely an- cient, as of snails. Some of them actually resemble those of the cretaceous age. ‘Inere is no vegetation whatever, for lack of light, but certain animal forms are weird coun- terfeits of vegetable life—particularly the crinoids, or “‘sea lilies,” which were sup- posed to be wholly extinct until some of them were fished up a few years ago. Trawls &nd rope tangles have been used successfully to fetch these creatures to the surface. ‘Thus has been obtained an im- mense variety of starfishes, sea urchins, crabs, corals, sea fans, sponges and extra- ordinary fishes. By such means it has been ascertained that the fishes of the depths differ from any that are known on the surface or in shal- low waters. They are extremely fierce and wholly carnivorous. Their color is almost uniformly black, while they are either blind or provided with eyes of enormous size, Some of them can swallow animals many times larger than themselves. The char- acteristic color of the abyssal crustaceans, some of which are very large, is bright carlet, but others are yellow and of vary- ing hues. Many of them are without eyes, being furnished instead with gigantic feel- ers. There are plenty of true crabs, mol- lusks, sea urchins and glass sponges. Long before science dreamed that there was any life at the bottom of the sea fishermen of Japan used to fetch up such sponges, re- sembling plumes of spun glass, which—that is to say, the skeletons—were regarded in Europe 4s curiosities of Japanese art. Feeding on the Dead. One of the first things to call attention to the existence of a fauna in the depths was the finding of various animals growing on a cable extending between Sardinia and Africa, The scientific experts were puzzled at the beginning as to the nature of a curious organic slime that was brought up from the bottom, sometimes in such quan- tities as to befoul the dredges with its glairy substance like white of egg. They imagin- ed that it was a primordial life-stuff from which all life on the earth might originally have been derived, and they gave it the name of “bathybius,” or “depth-life.” But subsequent investigation has proved that it 1s composed of the decaying bodies of creatures that have died at or near the surface and have sunk to the bottom. De- composition progresses very slowly in deep water, being retarded by cold and absence of light. Thus a thin layer of highly-nu- tritious slime is spread over the whole of the ocean floor, so that the animals living there are at no loss for food. It has been said that the most thickly populated tropical jungle does not compare in wealth of animal and vegetable life with & coral reef. The shallows of the ocean are vastly rich in both flora and fauna. Along the continental slopes long stretches of bottom are fairly carpeted with brilliantly colored creatures closely packed together, with here and there a Torest of seaweeds. Professor Alexander Agassiz says: “It re- quires but little imagination to note the contrasts as we pass from the shallows, full of sunlight and movement, into the dimly- lighted but richly populated middle waters; then further to conceive the gradual de- crease of the continental fauna as it fades into the calm, cold, dark abyssal regions of the ocean floor. The monotony, dreariness and desolation of the deeper parts of this submarine scenery can scarcely be realized. The most barren districts of ary land must Seem diversified when compared with the vast expanse of grayish or sometimes green- ish ooze which covers the bottom of the gcean—a monotony only relieved by the fall of the dead carcasses of surface ani- mals which slowly find their way down- ward.” ‘Torch-Bearing Animals. However, though sunlight is wholly ab- sent and the temperature of the depths is in the neighborhood of freezing point, all is not darkness. The abyssal animals are commonly provided with means of {llumi- nation. Swimming among forests of sea poseyse which ame luminous as the cur- rents cause them to move, torch-bearing Qshes pass in procession. Some of them carry lights on their heads or fins, like electric bulbs, while others are provided with search-lights which they can turn on or off at will, as they may wish to attract prey or to conceal themselves. The pres- sure, so far down, is enormous, amounting to several tons to the square inch, but the bodies of the fishes are so permeated with water, even their bones being soft and car- tilaginous, that they do not experience any inconvenience. When drawn to the surface, they are apt to burst open; their swim- ming bladders protrude from’ their mouths and their scales fall off. Just as the fishes here described live in the depths of the sea, so do we ourselves dwell in the depths of another fluid, which we call the atmosphere. Suppose that some strange and remarkable creatures occupying the upper ether should fish for us thence with some ingenious contrivances of their own. On being fetched up to a height of twenty miles, say, from the surface of the earth, our appearance would be sadly al- tered. Our eyes would be Starting from their sockets, our tongues would hang out of our mouths, and, if not already defunct, we would immediately die. This would be in part because we were removed from the Pressure to which we are customarily sub- Jected. Cold Even in the Tropics. It is the same way with the fishes and other creatures of the depths. The crabs and other crustaceans, when brought to the surface, look as if they were boiled. On one occasion the officers of the coast survey steamer Blake, at that time engaged in deep-sea dredging, lowered a bottle of champagne to 2,400 fathoms. They wanted to cool it, being in the tropics and having no ice, The bottle came up cold, but filled with muddy salt water, which had been forced by the pressure through foil and cork, replac- ing the more palatable original contents. Abyssal sea urchins, mollusks and crusta. ceans have been kept alive for a good many days by freezing them in ice. It is said to be very interesting to draw up in the trawl, from equatorial waters, mud that is so cold as to almost freeze the hand. As a matter of fact, the water of the tropical ocean below a couple of thousand feet never rises above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Naturally, the surface fauna of the warm Gulf stream is as rich as that of any ocean water in the world. At the same time, the bottom over which this current flows is swept almost bare of animal Ife. Among the curiosities brought up by dredging from the depths are great numbers of the teeth of sharks and the bones of cetaceans. The former, of course, are protected from de- struction by the hardness of their enamel. Among the latter, the earbones of whales, being extremely hard, are conspicuous. The only perfectly equipped deep-sea exploration vessel afloat is the United States fish com- mission steamer Albatross, which has done @ vast amount of this sort of work. It can make a dredge from the ocean floor in three hours, whereas the famous Challenger re- = twenty-four hours for a similar cp- eration. From the oceanic deposits of today m: be studied the formation of the rocks ‘of past ages. In fact, science rebuilds from them the geology of vanished epochs. Off the shores of Florida the trawls have brought up fragments of limestone actually in pro- cess of formation, being composed of the Parts of mollusks, sea urchins, corals, sea cucumbers, crustaceans, &c., recently dead. Of such material is mainly composed the great submarine plateau which extends to the south and west of the Florida nin- sula. The keys and reefs are expos tions of this plateau. 689 ae RENE BACHR —_—_—_ STOCK EXCHANGE JARGOX. Not of Modern Origin, but in Use as Far Back as 1720, From the Stock Exchange. "Change Alley, in London, became the cen- ter of stock-jobbing operations in the year 1698 during the reign of William III, or about one hundred years prior to the form- ing of an exchange in New York for deal- ing in securities. Local traders have as- sumed that most of the terms in use on "Change here are of American parentage, but few of them are aware that most of the more important antedate by many years the original assemblage of New York brokers under the old pear tree, which tra- dition has assigned as their first place of meeting. While there is no record that definitely locates the modern jargon of stock trading as early 00, yet there is evidence of its existence about that time. In that interesting compendium entitled “Old and New London” attention ts called to extracts from Cibber’s play of “The Re- fusal, or the Ladies’ Philosophy,” produced in 1720. One of the characters in the comedy is a sea director, Wrangle by name, who says to Whitling, on the latter's boasting of his gain: “And all this out of "Change Alley?” Wit- lng replies: “Every shilling, sir. All out of stocks, puts, bulls, shams, bears and bub- bles.” Furthermore, the expressions “hag- gling for an eighth,” “making up differ- ences,” “selling refusals’ occur in the same play. “Lame ducks waddling” was in use abroad as early as 1750, and also “shorts,” to denote, as now, sales for future delivery. Many other instances might ‘be cited. In almost every case the words and phrases originally coined retain their early significa- tion. All this goes to prove that there is nothing new under the sun even in that areng of surprises, the stock exchange, ——_ +00 Music Hath Charms, ——_ ad Aunt Wayback (at symphony concert)— “What is they playin’?” Niece (whispering)—“It 1s the Pastoral Spect to the wants Symphony.” “Aunt Wayback—“My! My! How it re- ininds me of the old days on the farm! See that little man at the end drummin’ on a scap kettle, just like little Jimmy used to do!” 4 | i MONEY BY MAIL| Some Important Changes in the Money Order System. A DECIDED REDOCTION IN THE RATES The Postal Note to Be Abolished as Not Satisfactory. CHEAP AND AVAILABLE Written for The Evening Star. VERYBODY WHO sends or receives cash through Uncie Sam's mails will be interested to learn that on the Ist of July next a new money order system will go into effect, by which both large and small sums can be readily transmitted by letter with abso- lute safety and at rates much less than the present. Orders for 32.50 or less can be had for a fee of only 8 cents, and orders for larger amounts up to $100 at rates graduated up to 30 cents. With the issu- ance of the new money order, the postal note will be abolished, since there will no longer be any need for it. The form of the new order is both artistic and beautiful, and withal, of convenient size for handling. Its popularity throughout the country is likely to be great from the very start. Its attractive appearance, as well as its cheap- ness and availability, may be counted upon to insure that result. It is engraved on steel and serves as a good illustration of the tendency recently observable in Uncle Sam, toward aestheticism in his official is- sues of government paper. Oontrasted with it, the old form now in use is unsightly and hideous. The schedule of fees to be charged for the new money orders has been reduced to the basis now charged by the various express companies for transmitting money, and will be as follows: For $2.50 or ess, 3 centa $2.50 to $5, 5 cents, $10, 8 cents. Compared with the above, the present rates for the issue of money orders aret For $5 or less, 5 cents, $ to $10, 8 cents. $80 to $100, 45 cents. This reduction of rates for the orders will give the government more busi- ness for those orders, forythe reason that heretofore the express companies, charg- ing less fees than the government, have obtained that busiress, while the govern- ment has been left to do a large business a smaller orders, which are unprofit- al In Place of the Postal Note. While the present pcstal vote fee is the same as that of the minimum money order, three cents, and the highest amount for which a postal note can be issued is $4.99, the experience of several years past has proven that the average amount for which Postal notes are issued is $1.68, so that it is evident that a very large proportion are issued for amounts less than $2.50, and therefore under the new system the lowest denomination ef the new money order will substantially eupply all the facilities at present afforded by the postal note and at the sime time guarartee perfect safety. The pestal note in practice gives no se- curity whatever to the sender, Anybody can get one cashed simply by signing his name and presenting it for payment at any Post office authorized to pay postal notes at all, so that the risk in sending it through the mails is just as great as in sending actual money, the only advantage being that it can be made out for a fractional sum. The practice of requiring the payee to sign his name upon payment is a farce and a fraud, since there is no means of preventing a mistake in payment and no way of check- ing or counter-checkin® for the security either of the postmaster who issued the note or the one who paid it. If it is lost in tran- sit or otherwise no duplicate can be had. Most newspapers and business firms recet: ing remittances through the mails make habit of repeatedly notifying their patrons and mail customers that money transmitted by postal note is wholly at the risk of the sender. The new money order, on the other hand, by an ingeniously contrived system of coupons, serving as an effective check both upen purchaser and postmaster, will be exempt from all these embarrassments and imperfections and is apt to prove a satisfactory solution of the long-mooted problem of reissuing fractional currency for convenience in mail purchases. Benefit to the Smaller Offices. Under the new system postmasters will receive a commission of 3 cents for each money order issued. At present they get 3% cents for each order issued and the same amount for each order paid and 1 cent for each postal note issued and & of a cent for each note paid. As a rule the smaller post offices—those of the third and fourth classes —do not pay many orders or postal notes, but merely issue them, the bulk of payments being made at the larger post offices. The fourth-class postmasters will probably be directly benefited by the change, and the re- mainder of the 65,000 postmasters in the country will be benefited indirectly by the increase that will doubtless ensue in the volume of the money order business. This increase, it is estimated by the Post Office Department officials, will reach about 30 cent during the first = of the operation of the new system. ‘his new system will begin on July 1, as stated, in pursuance of a special act of Congress approved on January 27 last. The law was framed by the so- called “joint commission of Congress to in- quire into the statute of laws organizing the executive departments,” with the active co- operation of Postmaster General Bissell, and constitutes the most important fruit thus far produced by the commission in its work of overhauling Uncle Sam’s business methods. The membership of the commis- sion is confined to six persons—three Repre- sentatives and three Senators. Representa- Uve Dockery of Missouri is chairman and his two colleagues from the House are Rep- resentatives Richardson of Tennessee and Dingley of Maine, while the Senatorial wing ts composed of Senators Cockrell of Mis- — Jones of Arkansas and Cullom of nois. The commission found, among other things, that the devices used in the admin- istration of the money order system have remained substantially the same as when the system was first organized, in 18¢4— thirty years ago—while in all other lines of business activity in the commercial world outside revolutions and changes of the most radical sort have been wrought in the ma- chinery and means adopted for their con- duct. For eleven years past the volume and amount of the money order business have remained stationary, the aggregate amount of fees received being about $1,108,000 every year, with but trifling increase or diminu- tion. Likewise in the postal note business, which began in 1884. For the past five years it has had no growth or increase to speak of, the revenues from fees reaching onl: about $200,000 a year. The experts employed by the commission, aided by the Post Office Department officials, promptly directed their inquiries to learn the cause of this failure of the money order business to grow and ex- pand with the growth of the country and the increase of postal business otherwise, and the conclusion was soon forced 2 them that it was due to the antiquated and unpopular methods of administration. The system had not been kept in touch with the people. The rates of fees were kept too high on the larger orders. No profit was de- rived from the smaller orders and the people had little faith in the integrity of the postal note. But these defects, it is believed, have now been remedied and the needful reqaire- ments supplied for a successful and modern money order System, adapted in every re- of the present day. JOHN D. CREMER, —_—_ BUCKINGHAM’S DYE FOR THE WHISKERS IS the best, handiest, safest, cleanest, most economical und satisfactory dye ever invented. It ts the gentlemen's favorite, SOCIETY AT CARLSBAD. A Town Buftt on the Lid of a Botling Kettle Where Nobility, Wealth CROWN PRINCESS STEPHANIE, winding river; they hold both banks of the stream and crowd against the bills, five stories high, | Ferhaps, where they face the river, though but | two or three in the rear. | Perhaps there are twelve thousand tnhabt- | tants in Carlsbad; boarding houses are every- where, as one will readily believe when told that seventy thousand guests visited the town | last year, It is a thriving manufacturing place, | but the real source pf its prosperity is naturally its mineral springs. They le in nearly a straight | Mine—presumably a crack in the lid, some one | suggests—and while deep boring through the cal- careous crust upon Which the town is built bas | often penetrated the vast underlying reservoir, no | attempt has ever succeeded in sounding this deep cavern, from which the mineral waters find their outlet urder high pressure and sometimes with The Sprudel, the most famous, most abundant | and hottest of the Carlsbad springs, after keeping for centuries its methodical way through the cov- men had set for it, took upon itself in Uberty of varying the monotory | ‘and one fine morning disappeared place and made for itself a the Tepel river, which grew It was turned back, i z i } a I E g BRE azs ti ? E with ce- | is again a healing spring today, as it i 2 ee 4 “FLOWERY” MEETING aT THE SPRUDET. was in the fifteenth century, when Charles IV, Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia, coming home from the wars, stumbled upon the springs, | and was healed of a wound he bad got at Crecy twelve years before. But that was not its frst good turn to man, as the good people of Carlsbad are inclined to have us believe, in their natury, Gesire to counect the Carlsbad discovers with the great king who gave the springs his auzust name, for it was called the “warm bath” long before Charles’ time, apf the Tepel—the “tepid”’—was still an older name. But Charles made it famons, if he was not its discoverer, and when once he had built bis palace in the town that grew up about the healing fountains he set the fashion for royalty that royalty has never departed trom. For hither came George II in his happy time, and Peter the Great and Maria Theresa, and a long line of kings and kingly men. It has become the most famous of all mineral ‘prings and the most aristocratic watering place | fm Europe. Yet the town is always delightful | in the thronged season, which lasts from the mid- ie of June until the middie of August, though | what is called the regular season begins earlier | and lasts until the Ist of October. At the height season the throngs in the town are pictur- | as Carlsbad is far enough to the east to tie guests, who bring oriental gorgeous- lines of promenaders going stead- | colonnades of the “‘cure house.” | 1} Hi f E a £ if a8 li i Lf Exhibition Of a Rare Curiosity. A Satseuma_ White Elephant At Nicolaides’, ONLY TWO OF THEM IN EXISTENCE. HAVE JUST RECEIVED FROM JAPAN A is 3 3 F in, to avoid confusion, EBVERYBODY INVITED! Kimon Nicolaides, 1205 F st. | who have come hither for health a1 Te has its Indicrous wide, too, for each one the promenading thousands carries ware mug hanging by a strap passed neck; giass will not do, as the Carlsbad &re too hot for that. Somewhere an is told of @ native of Prague who bore in bis person and habiliments of the essertion that Prague is the Tope. Finding one day that he at bis boarding house he turned behind bim, who chanced to be end raid: “A drink from your “It is yours,” the nobleman repil rate courtesy, and presenting I from, the line. The borrower drank give back the mug, but found the “What wastefulness!” be murmured But men of all sorts touch elbow with frankness aud courtesy im the mind returns and returns to them & 4 i F i i i cdecee tthe tGuiy : Tht ith Goethe came often and always wi to himself. His Grst visit was im 17 Passed a pleasant month in the der, Frau von Stein and the Da was Herder who bad led him away Methods of the French school and notice Ossian, the Hebrew pocts, “The Wakefield” and Shakespeare. Indeed its society seem to have bad a weighty Upon his life, for it was while at the the following year that he conceived known scheme of stealing away and Ttaly and Greece for quiet stady—e bore great results far literature. | a i j é F i ak Hie i DRIVING UP THE MOUNTAINS. Goethe returned for fourteen seasons; ‘Spent his honeymoon there and Beethoven the guests by playing a fantasia at = charitg concert. It was only abort a century ago that strong Protest began to be made agatust excessive drinks ing at all watering places. It was an additional horror that the water could not be drank in the open air, as it now fs, but was taken in @ warm room, where the effect must have beem Gecidedly like taking water in a Turkish bath, Bismarck and Moltke sought bealth there whed overworked. Cupriri rests there annually. At first the drinking was alternated with bathe ing; seven days of one, then seven of the otherg into use, That any such important medical aid as is now found im the valuable Sprudel salt could come from the springs the first believers in Carlsbad were pro» foundly ignorant. The townspeople were strongly, Opposed to the preparation and sale of this Which was frst prepared tn 1768, as they feared #2 would do away with the necessity for coming to Carisbad, and the objection bes came 60 strong .uut for several years the facture ceased altogether. Finally Passed by the goverument permitting tion of the salt and the people gradually their ‘prejudice, finding that attracted by the greater knowledge the spring through the widening sales So great was the demand for the Sprudel im 1888 new salt works were erected. were again enlarged in 1878 and are gojng further enlargements. natural Cerlsba¢ Sprudel tained from the water of the evaporation, is an antt-acid, slightly Giuretic remedy, and, if taken in doses teaspoonful, ts a gentle but effective It ts taken in ordinary water, or as the Carlsbad mineral waters, for increasing their effect. In cases of persons ing from poorness of blood (anaemic with constipation, very gratifying results im of one-half teaspoonful or oue teaspoonfel am four or six onnces of hot water, an bour before [ 3 Fi i ieneel HE j e 7 ii ist a | meal. For chroni: eatarrh ef the stomach, complaint, bile and simple Jaundice one teaspoons ful of the salt dissolved in warm Carlsbad Sprudel water or ordinary hot water before breakfast will be found invaluable. Its action increases the flow of saliva, the stom that organ. Given on an empty known to promote the acidity of Juice by favoring the outward osmosis of constituents of the blood from which the the stomach is claborated, and to uted the blood purifying action of the clearing of the complexion a! it, The Carlsbad Sprudel salt ts very and passes into the blood of the body with BISMARCK AND MOLTER ‘The fact that the Carlsbad salts (powder cause the eljmination of the products of the creased metamorphosis of tissue indicates that has, medicinally, a very wide with great advantage in many as an excess of acid ts ‘The indigestion of obese or ly cured by Carlsbad salt. Where deficient, as in the well-known bilious is quickly afforded, and in cases of chromic matism and rheamatic gout good tained. The Carlsbad evaporaticn from the taken during the spring Buyers are cautioned « out the signature of “4 New York, Sole Agents for every bottle and on the ow! | Not The Fault Of The Gas —Dut of the gus burner that the light ts poor, It doesn’t burn the 25 perfectly—tt allows some of i to escape. TheWelsbachGas B: —gives a pure white and brilliant Nght. Tt doesn't increase the fow—tt really burus less gas. Drop im and let us show you bow i works. $2.25 up Gas Appliance 1428 N. Y. Ave. mb30 The Girls Must Look Pretty, Even ff times are bard. We'll help them hy selling THIS SPRING'S OX WORDS for ‘$1.85 that should be $2.00, $1.65 that should be $2.50. $1.85 that should be $2.75. $2.00 that should be $3.00, $2.50 that should be $3.00, $2.85 that sbould be $3.75. $8.35 that ebould be $4.00. There are about 40 different styles to eelect from The Warren Shoe House, Geo. W. Rich, 9i9 F St. mh2 The Peoples Favorite Pedal Stodio. man” Refrigerator. me nereinerstors Sr net neep Catt Contents cool. Some keep things e0o,, Gut require too much ice. Here's Waterman, which is zine-tlined, pack- th charcoal; has slate anized tron ice rack a Gouble "ice boxes. For 12 years this Refrigerator tins bees 2 Reap cool, at the minimum of cost, We've never received a complaint yet. Ewen Wm E To ‘aterman” has lots of good te you cam see them by dropping | some day end teking a look at # qi Twenty-three sizes styles $6.50, | Wilmarth & Edmonston,| \Crockery,&c.,1205Pa.Av. i

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