Evening Star Newspaper, October 28, 1893, Page 18

18 THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY. OCTOBER 28, 1893—TWENTY PAGES. Sac Ae ro S Seton Cx BOATS UNDER OARS. LEARNING TO OBEY. Outdoor Life of the Cadets at the Annapolis Naval Academy. SOLDIERS AS WELL AS SAILORS. The Drills on Shore and on the Water, and the Recreations. THEN THE SOCIAL SIDE. ‘Written for The Evening Star. HAVE TOLD OF the life of the naval cadet in the acad- emy at Annapolis, where kind old Un- cle Sam pays a fa- vored few from this great country for re- ceiving an education that will fit them in every way to lead its defenders to victory on the seas; of his every-day life in his fa quarters and on the Practice cruise. But there is an- phase of this active life of the naval hich is fully as interesting and im- It is the side that the visitor gen- erally sees, the outdoor drills and exercises, sports and pleasures that add a poe J zest to his busy life. At West Point the mili it summer other cadet cadets learn to be sol- and sailors, too, and the spent in drill during the Years’ course seems all too short to the many phases of a sailor’s life and @ soldier’s duties. On the warm, fine days of the Maryland Indian summer the cadets formed as a battalion of infantry go out on the parade and drill for two hours a day in all the intricate maneuvers of the tactics, the precise movements in line and column of the parade to the more exciting and battle drill, in which, as the thin line dashes across the academy grounds, no halt is made for any obstacle, the eight-foot brick wall being passed vith Quickness and precision by a special ma- Reuver, in which a few of the line first help the others to the top and are then g i | = - eer Lover's Lane (Looking West). in turn lifted up themselves. Sometimes the battalion fights for hours with blank cartridges an imaginary foe on the govern- ment grounds adjoining the academy; but while this seems all display and noise to the uninitiated it is strictly a drill of the order, and in it the young men ac- the quickness and readiness of action that may be necessary on a future real battlefield to gain success. again, the 300 cadets form an ar- tillery battalion, and drag the field battery of rapid-fre guns over the campus, advanc- ing and retreating, firing volleys of biank cartridges that hide all in smoke; then | when the smoke has cleared away the | ‘ted and lay flat on the | and the gunners have dispersed to | or cover near by. What fs it all for, | you say? Why, the fire of the battery | been delivered and the enemy is mak- | FULL DRES Recreation: Yet after all there are a few hours left from study and drill for play. A gymna- sium whose walls were once, a century ago, old Fort Severn is now fitted with every appliance for exercise and physical devel- opment, running track, bowling alleys, weights for every muscle of the body and trapeze bars and horizontal bars in pro- fusion. In the olden time the boat crew was the pride of the school, but of late years little attention has been given to shell rowing, though the last two years have revived the interest somewhat in it. It is principally in the foot ball team that the pride of the school is shown, and considering the few students to pick from and the very limited time for practice the excellent results have been a proof of the splendid physical training of the school. During the last three winters the Saturday after Thanksgiving has witnessed a game of foot ball between the West Point ca- dets and the naval cadets. The first of these was played at West Point and re- sulted in a victory to the naval cadets. This aroused all the esprit de corps of the West Pointers and the next game at Annapolis was won by the future erals. Last year the naval cadets went to West Point and won, end this year the game is to be played at Annapolis. Great interest is shown in these games words of en- couragement and subscriptions come to the naval team from officers in every part of the globe and to the West Pointers from all over the United States wherever there Battalion Drill. is an army post. These games bring the cadets of the two branches of the govern- ment service together and promote a friendly spirit of emulation among them. Then base ball receives its share of popu- larity, though the base ball teams are not as good in proportion as the foot bell teams, principally from want of practice. The Social Side. All this is for the athletic side of the pleasures, but there is another side fully as popular and more far reaching in its influence, and this is the social side. Dur- ing the winter season there is a hop al- most every Saturday night and crowds of pretty girls come from Washington, Balt!- more and Richmond, and in fact from all over the country. On the afternoon preced- ing the hop the cadets stroll around the beautiful grounds with their fair visitors, apparently showing them the points of in- terest, but often telling them a lot of sweet nothings that the girls carry away with them and value as relics of their con- quest in common with the cap, ribbons, buttons and belt buckles that the popular girl always receives from her host of ad- miring cadets. Love Lane. The choice walk of all is through the beautiful walk that winds down the center of the carpus and has been known for many years as “Love Lane;” and here un- der the green trees, with the blue waters of the Chesapeake in the distance, many a cadet has told a pretty girl the “old, old story” of his devotion. Generally he goes oft on a foreign cruise and she seeks fresh laurels with another class of cadets the next year, while both get the reputation of flirt- ing, but, after all, it is an innocent joy and may form some of the brightest pages of cadet life. Sometimes the pretty girl finds in the cadet her fate and after he has be- come an officer marr! him, to follow him from place to place in his roving life. But the grandest hop of all is the annual June ball given by the cadets who remain behind to the graduating class. For this the large S PARADE. ing its attack resolutely and quickly, so | must be hid as much as possi- | ble from his sight, while the defenders from their cover Tocks or trees await his advance. Then the bugle sounds, and in another minute the guns are mounted and fm motion again. How the Guns Are Dragged. There are no horses, of course, to drag the artillery of a naval force about, so this work must be done by men, so each gun is | Gragged by from eight to twelve men stretched along a drag rope with toggles to pull by, while the others guide the gun as it moves along. Sometimes the guns are into cutters, which pull up the Sev- ern river and into the shore till the keel strikes bottom; then the crew jump out nearly waist deep in water, carry the gun and carriage ashore and mount it. there, all in less time than it takes to tell it. For this is the way the _— would be taken ashore by a landing in time of war. | Fleet Drill. On other days the cadets form in crews of twelve each and march down to the sea wall, where a long row of neat, white cut- ters are tied up. Quickly they take their seats at the oars; a sharp command is given, and all the oars go up together, another, and every oar goes into the row- lock, then all “give way together,” and the long line of cutters moves out tuto the river, where the tactics of a fleet drill are prac- ticed, the orders being given by means of signal flags from the swift little launch that carries the officer in charge of the drill. | At other times steam launches take the place of the cutters and all the evolutions | of @ fleet drill are carried out in miniature, as it were. A series of drills with the sails | and rigging of the “Bancroft” finishes the | out-of-door drills as winter sets in; then | comes a series of indoor drills as varied as the others. Indoor Drills. The “plebes” (or fourth classmen) have | setting up drill, and bayonet exercise, and | lessons in dancing, for this is considered | necessary to a naval officer's education, for | his duties are often social as well as mili- | tary. Then there are drills in the ri loft, where all sorts of queer knots that : zle the land lubber are tied and untied, and | the young cadet even learns to sew sails up; else how would he know in the future whether a sail was properly sewed or not?- armory is gaily decorated with evergreens and fountains and flags and hundreds of happy young people dance through the night that marks the graduation of another class of cadets and their entry into the real life of a sailor. Another place dear to the hearts of many cadets is the library, once the residence of the governors of Maryland, but now filled with a most complete as- sortment of books on every subject; and in its quiet, inviting rooms many of the hours of duty are spent, generally in reading, but sometimes in talking to a pretty friend in some secluded corner. When Sunday Artillery Drill. comes the cadets go to church, not as they will, but they march to chapel and take their seats by companies, and they must sit up straight and be attentive to the | Words of the good chaplain, or else the quick eye of some officer or cadet officer is upon them and more demerits swell the score of their troubles. The chapel is a quaint little ivy-grown church with stained glass windows, some of them memorials to brave departed officers. The walls are cov- ered with marble and brass tablets erected | in grateful memory of some of the gallant officers who have died defending the flag in foreign lands; and the brief stories of hero- ism told by these tablets should be an in- centive to every cadet that sits in the chapel for four years where he may read them. After the four years of incessant study and drill, relieved only by the few | hours at games or hops, are over the retro- spective view brings out the fact that the school is thorough and complete and that the government hes done all in its power to give officers to “Our New Navy" who will follow in the footsteps of Decatur and Far- ragut. DION WILLIAMS. AMERICA’S TRIUMPH. She Holds the Record in Other Things Beside the Fair. WHERE SHE EXCELS ALL OTHER NATIONS Remarkable Things to Be Found in Other Countries. SOME INTERESTING FACTS. OW THAT WE ARE “enthusiastic over the “World’s Fair,” which has surpassed all previous exhibi- tions in magnitude, beauty and compiete- ness, we are remind- ea that America holds the record in many natural won- ders and artificial tri- umphs. The largest Jake in the world (Su- perior), the longest river (Missouri), the largest park (Yellow- stone), the finest cave (the Mammoth), the greatest waterfall (Niagara) and the only natural bridge (in Virginia) are all to be found within the borders of the United States, and here the biggest fortunes are made, the most energetic commercial enter- prises undertaken, the largest deals are ef- fected, and the most wonderful inventions are perfected, while the country produces a greater amount of raw material than any other. It is interesting, however, to note where the champion examples of natural wonders and mechanical skill exist, and in the list it will be found that America can claim many of these. Patronage of Art and Science. Young as she is her generous patronage of all arts and sciences can be compared with great credit to other countries. “Musi- clans, artists and other celebrities “‘on the road” in America find such financtal suc- cess awaiting them that they regard it as a play ground of delight, and her support to science is just as open-handed. Two fa- mous work houses for scientific purposes are also here: the Lick Observatory on Mt. California, containing the largest telescope in the world, with its lens of thir- ty-six inches and focal length of fifty-six feet, and the laboratory of Thomas A. Edi- son at Orange, N. J., which was completed 1887, aud ia the largest private laboratory in the world. It consists of five buildings, in which experiments can be made with speed and precision. In the store room, which contains shelves and drawers with- out number, every known article may be from soapstone pencils to lima beans and sheep's wool. Not only are there jars and jugs and bottles and cans of molasses, coal oil, quicksilver, &c. every known material ani and mineral kingdoms. Men are kept ex- ploring foreign countries, distant forests and burning plains to find the desired rare specimen. The man in charge mental index of this great provision bureau, which is stocked with sufficient material to supply five years’ experimentation, and days may go by without his doing anything whatever. When Mr. Edison is at work and needs a beet root or a candle end or a whip top or some chemical compound with a Latin title he writes everything down on a list and sends it to the warehouse, and the order is fulfilled at-the shortest notice. The largest farm in the world ts situated in Louisiana, owned by a northern syndi- cate. Its area compres 1,500,000 acres, which are threaded by its private railroads and steamships and telegraph lines, The longest telephone line is between Chi- cago and New York, while the longest tele- graph span (5,000 feet) is across the Kistnah river in India. In What China Excels. China owns the longest canal in the world which may be traced to a distance of 1,000 miles. The longest wall ts also here, ex- tending 1,250 miles, and the longest stone bridge near Sangang. known as the “Lion Bridge.” This continues for five miles over an area of the Yellow sea and is supported by three hundred huge stone arches. The roadway is seventy feet above the water and is inclosed in an iron network. A marble lion twenty feet long rests on the crown of each pillar. Fine as this is, it hardly seems so won- derful as the Brooklyn bridge, which is the longest suspension bridge in existence, being 5,989 feet, and looking from a dis- tance like a piece of delicate Jace held in mid air. The longest iron bridge is over Lake Ponchartrain in New Orleans,being twenty- two miles, though the highest is at Garabil, France, 413 feet in the alr; the longest span- cantilever over the Indus in India; and the quickest ever built at Tyrone, Ireland, be- ing a 74-fect span made in eight days. The longest tunnel is at Chemnitz in Aus- tria, and the deepest artesian well ever hored is at Pesth in Hungary, 8,140 feet be- low the surface of the earth, where the eee of the water is 158 degrees r. The largest fortress is Fortress Monroe, Va., though the rocky Gibraltar is strong- er than any other in the world. The Czar of Russia possesses an estate of a hundred million acres, which fact pro- nounces him the greatest land owner of all countries; the largest land owner of Great Britain is the Duke of Sunderiand, who owns 1,358,000 acres, and the costliest mansion was built by the Marquis of Bute, who expended more than $8,000.00 upon it. The largest deer park, an area of 42,000 acres is in Copenhagen, and in this city is preserved the heaviest aerolite, which fel) in Greenland in 1870. Its weight is 49,000 pounds. India owns the largest heathen temples, and Rome the largest church, St. Peter's, which can seat 54,00 people. The tallest tenement is in New York, which every one knows as the swell “Osborne,” which is fourteen stories high. The Talilect Monument. The tallest monument is the Washington obelisk, 555 feet high, but the largest mono- lith is in Karnak, Egypt, being 108 feet. The highest chimney, 474 feet, is in Glas- gow. The largest aqueduct in use is the Croton of New York, which is thirty-eight miles long, but the longest ever built is in Peru, 369 miles. The deepest coal mine ts near Lambert, Relgium, 3,4% feet; the biggest dock in Car- diff, Wales, and the strongest electric light at the Sydney lighthouse, Australia, which is of 18,000 candle power, while the largest lighthouse is at Cape Henry, Va., 16 feet high and eight feet thick. The largest bank is the Bank of England, in London; the oldest college in Oxford, founded in 1050; the largest library, the National, in Paris, be- ing 2,200,000 volumes; the largest theater, the Paris Opera House.covering three acres: the largest bronze statue, Peter, the Great, 1,109 tons, in St. Petersburg: the largest stone statue In Japan, 44 feet high; the largest railroad station, St. Pancras, ‘Lon- don, and the largest college in Cairo, with 10,000 Mohomedan students and 300 teach- ers. Damascus has the honor of being the old- est of all cities. The most costly book in the world is a Hebrew Bible, owned by the German gov- ernment, which a few years ago refused the pope’s offer of $125,000 for it; the great- est price paid for a modern painting was for Millet’s “Angelus,” which fetched $110,- 60, bought by an American; the most costly medicine is metallic gallium, which sells for $100,000 a pound, and a man would have to be very ill before sending for a prescrip- tion that bore its magic formula. Though orchids frequently tring prices that make the poor man stagger the highest recorded price for a single flower was given for a tulip in Amsterdam by an enthusiast, who paid $250,000 for it. The Hon. Joseph Chamberlain always wears a rare orchid in his buttonhole, sometimes to the value of 1,000, bin’ Rothchilds smoke the most costly cigars that are made—the “Henry Clay Sobranos,” which cost $1.50. These are wrapped fn gold leaf and packed in little inlaid cedar wood cabinets. These miliion- aire princes buy three cabinets at a time, containing 42,000 cigars, 20.000 Havanas, and one kind made originally for Marshal Prim as a present for Napoleon IIT. at a cost of 30,000 francs. Each cigar was tipped with gold at each end and stamped with the Im- perial N in gold. By way of acknowledging the gift Napoleon sent him a pair of mag- nificent Sevres vases. Some Expensive Costumes. ‘The most expensive dress that has been worn for many a day was one lately pur- chased by the famous Mrs. Mackay, who paid $0,000 for it, the gown being embroi- dered with pearls disposed in a tasteful de- sign of flowers and trailing leaves. Even this did not equal the suit of the celebrated fop, George Villiers, the first Duke of Buckingham, who, going as ambassador to France in the reign of Charles 1, took with him a suit of white uncut velvet and a sword girdle and spurs set with the same gems, the whole costume representing a million dollars of the present value of money, ‘The most expensive head-dress of mod- ern times was worn in Paris during the exhibition year by a lady who had chosen @ miniature Eiffel tower a yard high and formed of diamonds, which were vouched to be genuine and cost $100,000. The most costly jewel in the world is owned by the royal house of Germany, be- ing a superb sapphire valued at $16,000,000. The Emperor of Austria possesses the most valuable opal, which weighs seventeen ounces and is worth $250,000. The ‘“Mat- tam,” belo to the of Borneo and weighing 367 carats, is said to be the largest white diamond, and the largest steel-blue diamond, called the “Imperial Kimberly,” from the famous mines in Africa, weighs 180 carats and is held by a London 8; - cate, which values it at $1,000,000. Pitre — ownee a pan a “3 ee] ives; le great est cate breeder, Gustav Jovanovitch, ae ed the ‘ of the Steppes,” who pastures more ee FE ao with 34,000 shep- eid dogs upon his 6,000,000 acres in Rus- 3! The largest dairy in the world is owned ¥, Queen ‘Victoria at her model farm near indsor. This is thirty feet square, with floors of porcelain tiles of white and blue con medallions of the queen, her husband and each of their children, marble columns supporting the roof and windows of stained glass bordered with daisies, but- tercups, primroses and May blossoms. Bas- reliefs of the seasons and various agricul- tui lesigns complete the ornamentation and marble tables and basins are ranged around the wall at intervals, while a per- petual stream of water runs through the building. ‘Temperature and Tides. Semipalalinsk, in Siberia, holds the record for the most intense cold, as the mercury Grops there to 76 degrees below zero, and some parts of Africa cannot be equaled in heat, as the thermometer registers 135 degrees. The Bay of Bengal and the Bay of Fundy have the highest tides, measur- ing sixty and seventy feet; the deepest sea- soundings have been made at Tristan d’A- cunha, 46,236; the most northerly point reached was by Lockwood in May, 1888, be- ing 8 degrees, 24 minutes, 5 seconds; and the furthest south by Ross in February, 1842, 17 degrees, 11 minutes; the highest titude ever reached was in the balloon as- cent of Coxwell and Glaisher, who attained 37,000 feet in 1862; and the highest inhabited altitude is the Buddhist cloister in Thibet. Glass stands first of all elastic substances: pearl is the heaviest of animal substances mercury the heaviest liquid; the heaviest woods are pomegranate and lignum vitae: cork, the lightest wood; emmensite has the highest explosive power of any substance pee meers and ae is the most uctile metal, capable of being drawn so fine as to be invisible. Russia is the largest empire, China the most populous, and Great Britain the larg- = ee precept and en tle les the greatest producer of gold. holds the record for crime, as 27,070 prandece are annually committed there. The oldest printed newspaper is claimed by the Chinese, as the proprietors of the Imperial Gazette celebrated its fifteen hun- dredth anniversary at Pekin in 1882. The old- est European newspaper belongs to Ger- many, dating from 147. The oldest Amer- ican is the Boston News Letter, dating from 1704. France expends more than any other ft gountry in public works, and this same land the biggest pawn-broking business. The Worst riot occurred within her bounds at Mayence in 134, when the citizens burned 12,000 Jews, so hated and persecuted in the middle ages. The Tallest Tree. The tallest standing tree is in Tasmania, 350 feet high, but the “Mammoth” of Cal- {fornia, which has now fallen,was a hundred feet taller. Though California grows the largest fruit and flowers, the most enormous flower is a native of Sumatra. It was dis- covered by the suite of Sir Stamford Raffles and named “Raffiesia,” in his honor. When the bud, which is like a monstrous cabbage, unfolds, it shows five petals flesh-colored and marked with yellowish white protuber- ances surrounding @ cup of an intense purple that will hold a gallon and a half of liquid. The flower is nine feet in circumference and gives out a most repulsive odor like tainted meat, which is, however, attractive to in- sects. The vulture beats the record of birds for filght, traveling 150 miles an hour. The elephant ts the longest lived, reaching his five score of years before he is gathered to his fathers. The flea is the strongest insect relatively, leaping 200 times its own length; but the beetle is the strongest of all insects, as It is able to move a mass 1,200 times its own weight. The Mordella beetle has the greatest number of eyes, possessing 25,000 infinitesimal orbs of vision. The Japanese rooster, Mino Hiki, has the longest tail feathers of any bird, as his vanities measure on the average twenty feet. The Australian jungle fowl builds the biggest nests, which are often eighteen feet in height. The most valuable specimens of pocket knives are owned by the cutlers of Sheffield in England. One is a knife not larger than a thumb nail, having twenty blades. Anoth- er, only an inch long when closed, has-sev- enty blades, each made in a beautiful man- ner, illustrating nearly all the shapes given to knife blades. Another one has 220 blades, all exquisitely etched with portraits, land- scapes and other subjects, while still anoth- er contains 1,840 blades, all provided w'!th hinges and springs, and closing into the handle. These are valued very highly, the most expensive reaching $500. A knife with 100 blades was presented to George IV by the Sheffield cutlers and can still be seen among the royal plate at Windsor. America owns the key of the most famous prison, the Bastile, which may be seen at Mt. Vernon. It also possesses the fastest trotters, ships and railroad trains, and it has just been demonstrated that the fastest yacht, the Vigilant, is also numbered among its treasures. ESTHER SINGLETO: A Spelling Hee. From the Spectator. You say that you can spell, sir, then be good enough to tell, sir, How you speil me “paraliel, thesis” and “semaphore, And perhaps you will try “ecstatic” and “syneatigorematic,” “Homiletic” and “hepatic,” with an ex- tra dozen more. sir, “syn- Can you spell “chryselephantine,” phrastic” and “Levantine,” the simple “‘adamantine” “po'ysndeton ?” Can you tackle “anchyiosis,” can you spell anadiplosis,” “Enthymeme,” “hypotiposis?* you're getting on. “peri- Or and the If you can Such little words as “grieving,” gallimau- fry” and “deceiving,” Oh, there's really no believing what mis- takes you sometimes see! “paroxysmal,” ‘harismal,”” Words like these, it's real'y dismal when they're misspelt at a “bee.” | So you'd better learn “ “caryatides” nclitic;” can you conquer “analytic With “torentic’ and “mephitic’ and a “penthemeral” pause; And there's “prestidigitation,” “homocer- cal,” “cacchination,” Oh, it’s quite an education to learn ortho- graphic laws! Some long words anatomic, have a sound that’s rather comic, And for verses palindromic would be simply most absurd. There's the shorter “‘peroneus” and “‘pa'ato- pharyngeus,” “Sterno-cleido-mastoideus;” could you choose a simpler word? “Hydrostatic,” “iridescent,” “aromatic,” “adolescent,” “Enigmatic,” ‘“evanescent;” these are easy words, you see! “Manducation,”” “‘“macaroniec,” —“‘percola- nic,”” tion,” “‘geopot 5 “Annuation,” “antiphonic;” there's a Ming bee! -2oo— Mr. Brown’s Week of Surprises. From the Lewiston Evening Journal. Probably there is not another man in New England who has had such surprises this week as Mr. William J. Brown of Bel- fast. Years ago he had two brothers, Jona- than M. and Levi, the home of the family being in Searsmont. Jonathan entered the navy and for thiry years had not been heard from, his family naturally supposing that he was dead. Levi at the age of 15 years sailed away in a Searsport ship com- manded by a Capt. Charles Nickels, bound for South America. For eighteen years he had been considered dead, as no tidings of him had ever reached home. A month ago William was surprised by getting a letter from South Africa from his brother Jona- than saying that he was about to leave on a steamer to visit his old home in Waldo county. He also stated that he was a rancher and editor of a paper. Before the family_had got through talking over this news William, a fortnight later, received another letter, dated in Australia from his other supposed dead brother Levi. This also stated that Levi was about to start for his native clime, BRAINS APPRECIATED. Opportunities Afforded Bright Young Men in Railroad Circles, WHERE ENERGY IS AT THE THROTTLE. Where Many Prominent Railway Generals Made a Beginning. A PRACTICAL SCHOOL. INCE SUCH AN authority upon rail- Toad matters as Mr. Chauncey M. Depew, president of the New York Central railroad, has taken to news- Paper writing to dem- onstrate the great ad- vantages afforded bright young men in the railroad business, it is safe to say that that business is pbe- coming of interest to the great reading public. That this is a safe surmise cannot be questioned when the greatness of the railroad business is con- sidered. At the present time there are 175,000 miles of steam railways in active operation in the United States, nearly one-fourth of the entire world. Nearly one million people are given employment with an average monthly pay roll of $40,000,000. The railroad sytems represent an investment of $10,000- 000,000, the gross earnings upon which is ‘$1,000,000,000 per annum. There are in use 32,000 passenger, baggage end mail cars; 125,000 freight cars, and to pull these over the Toads something like 34,000 locomotives are required. Last year 600,000,000 passengers were whirled mie the mae Maes at a ave 8) of fo jes an Slaveranag of figures, while formidable, are pleasant to contemplate. Another array ot res that will almost match those above are of the number of passengers and employes killed = jetowray during the past year. But that is ano’ BS ir. Meal in the course of tells of different people who have worked their way up to president and vice president of railroads from subordinate positions and also the fact that in one of the big offices of his road in New York there are employed a number of graduates of Yale and Harvard, who are working for salaries that average $35 @ month. In regard to the first asser- tion Mr. Depew has written his article in th past tense. It belongs there. No one at this day can work his way up to the head of a railroad without an education of the very best and such a pateaal epee be- in railroading as a eman or a fireman. fo have an office full of Yale and Harvard graduates speaks well for the future of Mr. Depew’s road, because there is no branch that affords a man with a good education better opportunities for advancement than that of the railroad,and that these young men are willing to work for salaries far below their reai worth speaks volumes in substan- tiation of this assertion. Western and Eastern Roads. Upon many of the western roads there is yet in operation a system that will permit an employe to attain position of high rank from the lowest rung of the ladder, but the eastern roads have long since discarded such mode of advancement. At the present time an employe without a technical educa- tion, at the least civil engineering, cannot hope to advance beyond the grade of train- master. The case of President Roberts of the Pennsylvania road is often cited to il- lustrate what a young man of energy can do, but Mr. Roberts at the very first was a civil engineer and took up railroading after leaving college. How -much the Scotch blood in Mr. Roberts’ veins had to do with his advancement is a question of consider- able importance. Thomas Scott, who preceded Mr. Roberts as president of the Pennsylvania road, il- lustrated the old mode of advancement in railroad circles. When a young man he was storekeeper and locktender on the Pennsylvania canal and as the railroad came along he became its ticket agent in the same town. He showed unmistakable ability, and railroad ability was scarce in those days, and quickly advanced to the front. At the time of Col. Scott’s death he was considered by many railroad financiers and managers the peer of any railroader in the country. Lucius Tuttle, the present president of the Boston and Maine railroad, furnishes a ca- reer singularly like that of ex-President Scott. Tuttle not many years ago was sell- ing tickets in a little station on one of the branches of the New England system. In a few years he became a general ticket agent of a small line, and then his progress was most rapid, his various promotions com- pelling him to be almost as itinerant as an Arab; first in Boston, then with the Canadian Pacific at Montreal, then selected by the railway princes to become a member of the pooling association, then called to the New Haven system at a time when the great things which have stnce been con- summated were in contemplation, he now stands among the first half dozen young railway managers of this country. It is said that President Tuttle was one of Pres- ident McLeod's chief antagonists and that it was through his plans that the latter was ousted from the presidency of the Reading road. If that is so it is a case of a college education against crude learning, McLeod representing the former and Tut- tle the iatter. Men Who Get Anchored. Among railroad men there is a phrase they apply to employes who have reached a height upon the ladder of promotion, and notwithstanding their goood work never go any higher. If one of these employes is re- ferred to they will say: ‘He's anchored.” The word covers the case exactly. A cer- tain man is alluded to with pride as he is promoted from one position of trust to an- other, and no one knows quicker than his companions when he reaches the “anchor” class. Upon investigation it will be found that a technical education holds him back. He may know the road on which he is em- ployed as thoroughly as a bright child knows the first reader, yet he will hold one position for a quarter of a century and per- haps die in the harness of the office. To illlustrate exactly why an advanced position is not open to a man of only ordi- nary education the following case, a true one, can be cited: A few years after the completion of the Baltimore and Potomac railroad, and at a time when defects in the roadbed were be- ginning to show themselves, as in all new roads, a ‘‘slide” occurred near the small tel- egraph station of Winans. The roadbed when first filled in had been thrown over a small spring of water. As time went on this spring increased in force and under- | £0" mined the roadbed for a considerable dis- tance. A heavy rain coming on completed the work, and a northbound train striking the spot at a time when it was about ready to give way went down with it. The road was blocked for a considerable time and an assistant to the superintendent was sent to the scene to investigate and report. Tracks were built around the washout and when the cars were pulled out of the ditch the spring was discovered. The assistant went to the telegraph office, reported the matter in detail and suggested that several car loads of large stone that were upon a sid- ing farther up the road be hauled to the spot and dumped into the hole. Believing his plan perfectly correct the assistant, without waiting for orders from his supe- rior, sent an empty engine after the car- loads of stone. In half an hour the super- intendent was on the spot, a special engine bringing him down from Baltimore. With the eye of an experienced engineer the lat- ter took in the situatior at a glance and or- dered the stone sidetracked. Materials were ordered and in a short time a substantial trestle covered the spring. The assistant had made a blunder to his superior and he knew it. His usefulness was gone and shortly after he resigned. A southern road now enjoys the advantages of what he doesn’t know about railroad building. A reporter of The Evening Star was dis- cussing recently with an official of high standing on one of the roads running Into Washington the advantages offered by the railroad to young men of pluck and perse- verance. This official, although belonging to the “anchored” class and who had work- ed his way up from the ranks of telez- raphers, has had considerable experience and talks by the card. He said: What a Rallroad Official Says. “Many columns might be written teem- ing with points in favor of a trade and then some one would come forward and advance just as strong arguments in favor of a pro- fession. Unless a young man has decided failures “is greatly reduced, “and Sreat talent and genius light cannot be obscured, but will Diase Blouse ‘on frome feathers Sema a ice’ aan men ‘8 robe or a schol- roads of the count Practical schools for beginners in <4 Bae of extensive locomotive and car shops, and @ four years’ course coupled to a college education, will equip them with a technical knowledge that evry railroad in the country is willing to pay very liberally for. Application for admission to these ahops should be addressed to the master mechan‘c. of applications are hon ye of oc- the country and as soon as vacancies Sa abenicauts ate motibed $ a ft great many, of course, are isappo! ted, but ff a ‘pull’ or influence can be developed the chances of an early appointment are greatly increased. Then, again, influence is a mighty handy thing ery around, as ere are certain stages in a young man's career when he will need all the backing hi can command to help smooth out the small kinks he has created by thought or indiscretion. 1a “Permit me to say right here, that no matter what a young man may have learn- ed at college he should work his way through the main shops of a railroad to se- cure practical information. The compenxa- tion for the first year at the Pennsylvania main shops, and I believe the same rates prevail everywhere, is at month. This will about The second year $20 is and fourth year $5. this that the companies expect a young man to receive some outside assistance in the shape of money for clothes and the many little necessaries, A Young Man’s Apprenticeship. “Regular papers or agreements are sign- ed binding the young man to the company for four years and allowing him io retain a certain portion of his wages, which acts as be devel its ii “The successful applicant ‘s first in the construction department. The lar hands around these works have nick- named this shop the ‘slaugh‘er p2n,’ on ac- count of the many ambitions killed snd bright We snag blighted therein. The work is dirty, and apparently meaning- less, no doubt selected to try the metal of the raw recruit. If a new man can pull through the six months fn this shop, pluin sailing will be his thereafter. I can recail one ambitious young ‘man after another who dropped out and left ior their distant homes in disgust after one day’s assignment in that shop, and easily recall bright and shop partments follow in the at either of these trades good wages id, should the learner decide to acting as fireman to see your learning put to practical test. This lasts about six months, and the draughting room follows, where figures and angles are mastered. The course of study is then rounded up with civil engineering. The two latter studies are given the most attention, and when you have mastered them it is only a question of a very short time when the army of scien- tific rallroaders will notice that you have entered their ranks. I have known young men, the petted sons of wealth and high so- cial position, to pass a four years’ course of study in the shops I have in mind, act as firemen on heavy locomotives and at night lead the ‘german’ with the daughters of high railroad officials and wealthy residents of the city, with as much grace and ease as if they had never seen the outside of a drawing room and had nothing else to oc- cupy their time. The Company Are Watching Him. “The company that the young man has been studying under have been watching him from the time he signed his first pay- roll. If he has developed a striking aptness for any of the different branches he has passed through, an opportunity will be af- forded him to still further develop this ten- dency, or, if the general rafiroad construc- tion is his bright particular aim, he is soon whisked away by the great and, if they are blind to his outta, coms other company will soon be a bidder for his services. The names of many of the coun- try’s ablest railroad generals have graced the pay-rolls of these shops, and have sign- ed receipts for $15 for one month's work, while t their compensation will average most that sum per hour. “There is in railroading, as in every other branch of business, certain favoritism shown, but unless the favored one has talent to back him he will find himself sta- tionary in a very short time. In this class can be ranked the sons and relatives of high officials of the different railroads, but it has been demonstrated that very few fail- ures occur among these young men, no doubt from the fact that the true blood of a railroader is coursing through their veins. “If it were n cou! as having an and as dirty as any stoker could be. That was only ten years ago, and he has lost no time. Some time since I read an elaborate article in a prominent city paper descril the intricate workings of an immense inter- lccking switch system in that city. The system had but recently been and was found to work perfectly, a — that many very excellent railroad considered quite a feat. The young man here referred to had the entire charge the work to the utmost details. made his reputation, and today intendent of one of the branch roads and in — vont to a much i appears man, after graduating from West Point Military Academy, decided to vocation of raflroading. He the army, where he had the engineering corps, and entered of one of the eastern finally passed through them all was quickly advanced until he of the bridge construction of The position is a very important id a handsome salary. Since ent aenatenes to guns and gun thorough knowledge of their been much sought after. young man’s ability -. sent a tative to his superiors could not secure his services. This with a quiet smile, inquired the nature of the work and what salary would be paid. ‘The envoy from this city, with a show of importance, went over the details of the work, and in an impressive voice said: “ "The salary is a “corker,” I can tell you, The ent will give him $2,500 a year.’ “ ‘Is that so?’ replied the railroad officeial. ‘I hardly think C— will accept your offer, as we pay him $5,000 a year, and before we would let him go would give him twice that amount.’” Amount of Food a Man Eats in a Life- time. From the St. Louts Globe Democrat. A man who lives to the limit of three- score years and ten if in fairly good health and of — appetite will have eaten in that time about 13,000 pounds of meat, about 10,000 pounds of bread and bles, about 25,000 eggs and 5,000 pounds of fish, chicken and game. He will also have consumed about 12,000 ions of various | 38g F i i i : BER BRaE ERiey 8 2 > ° § z a | eft fi i i fluids, or enough to a lake four blocks in extent and two feet deep. In other words, he will have eaten four- teen tons of solids and drunk 300 barrels of liquid refreshment. HARVARD'S VON MOLTKE. Deland, the Foot Ball Strategist, and His Plays, How He Became a Coach—The Flying ‘Wedge and the Horne’s Neck as Employed by Harvard. complicated problems, and has especially been @ student of military tactics. }e has spent much time studying over the famous battles of the world. ‘This etudy of generalship especially fitted him for the work he was sbout to under- take. Far in the autumn of ’9i Mis attention was drawn to foot ball, and with his char- ? H Horse’s Neck. these young men were 3 g F i j g q fe 8 l iff it i A i tf it Hf z : £ g z hi i i min 7 ies S7E i He i | | : I te | i i : Hl ! Hl ! i 3 ge H 1 4 3 j E i hi : if HF : t l i it § z j ig [ i,t ait sfee les i j Hh Hl be ff iH i $ os i i i [ii dl el it i i; g ait ef b < ut a i 4 i Fy i ¥ es i a i if i i with | 1 | ! eke ; Be g FF Hf f | g i } if ity nl t i fi g f : : t i g g ij ? g i i ‘ gtk H ? i A be Fee EE E F . & e i F 8 $ i A ‘H apt Ht