Evening Star Newspaper, November 19, 1892, Page 10

10 THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. €, SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 19, 1892—SIXTEEN PAGFS. counsel in his first large jury occupied attention from ‘the that and the viotory achieved by the Junior representative of & Pierson” marked the beginning of a series of triumy which finally landed him in a life justiceship at the national capital. BLATCHFORD AND BLATCHFORD I¥ GOTHAM. On January 1, 1893, fifty-one years will have elapsed since Justice Samuel Blatchford left the care of his legal preceptor in Albany, N. ¥., witha certificate for efficiency in Black- stone theories in his pocket. The Journey to the metropolis was a great deal more tedious in those days than now, yer reached Gotham in due sesson and at once THEIR FIRST CASES. When the Justices of the Supreme Court Were Briefless Barristers. THE HIGHEST TRIBUNAL. Lawyers Who Worked Their Way From Small Geginnings—When the Chief Jas- tice Was a Young Man—Experience His First ‘Fee—Justice Field on = Vigilance Committee. Oe eee HE AVERAGE YOUNG inwyer, burdened or blessed with a sheep- skin of two years’ age, might possibly be pa: doned for entertaining ideas concerning « po- litical pull. Especially so when he contem- plates his briefless ca- reerand then turns with longing eyes upon some of the many high ju- dicial positions which, as Uncle Sam's gift, carry with them fat sal- aries and perquisites, to say nothing of contin- ance in office fer life, or, at least, during good behavior. Straigntway he may want to become a poli- tcian of influence himself and finally « lawyer with reputation yh to capture a seat on the bench of the United States Supreme Court some day, when s vacancy occurs in the nat bition of the disciple p enough, but if he nn- political pull is everything needful the in possessor ia likely to realize in years JUSTICE BLATCHYORD. entered the firm of “Blatchford & Blatch- ford,” father and uncle of the future justice, who enjoyed alarge practice, besides being the American representatives of what is the largest England. There was no necessity for awaiting tice. The latest edition to “Blatchford & tehford” found on his hands at once more than could be attended to speedily. The sub- | Jects of Uncle Sam were not as well fixed in | this world’s goods fifty years ago as now, and instead of bankers on this «ide sending millions it the newly made law- | financial institution in the world—the Bank of | from the time he received his first fee of $11.25 to the date of his appointment. One of De- troit's big wholesale merchants found himself involved financially to a greater extent than he could bear some time in 1860 and creditors soon got wind of the fact. Suits to recover were as tiful as debie and one of these called for 225. The plaintiff's attorney secured Judg- ment and Lawyer Brown was intrusted with its collection. He had the execution issued and and the sheriff was ready to when it was discovered that on account of the vast number of judgments entered some of the creditors would receive little or nothing. A compromise was affected for 50 cents on the dollar and Justice Brown's client received his prorata share. Five per cent of the entire amount yielded the collector a feo of $11.25 and laid ihe foundation for a subsequent fifteen years’ practice in admiralty cases, which have since formed the basis of more than one decis- ion in Michigan's state supreme court. JUSTICE BREWER'S EARLY LIFT. Justice Brewer had attended to making a few motions for his uncle before a New York city court after being like Justice Blatchford ad- mitted to the barn Albany, when, to use the words of the Justice from the’ ‘sunflower state,” he journeyed to Kansas City and Leavenworth before either of those cities were anything very much more than mere stopping places on the overland route to the Pacific. Still a pair of hilarious Leavenworth Irishmen paid him his first fee of $10, and evidently it ‘was well earned from Justice Brewer's descrip- tion of the antics which placed them in need of legal aid. ‘Tho defendants hired a horse and buggy from a liveryman_ for the purpore of at- tending a funeral several miles out of the city. While on their mission the mourners fell in with a number of cowboys and imbibed freely of the contents of sundry flasks in the posses sion of the cowboys. They must have suc- ceeded in drowning their sorrows, for the tem- | porary custodians of the livery rig soon got on race with other mourners at the funeral and a disastrous collision resulted. The buggy | was completely wrecked and the liveryman | sued for damages. | Justice Brewor was called in to defend the culprits and convinced the jury that his clients met with accident through tho carelessness of the other parties to the race and the li was out to the extent of his rig’s st of gold and silver across the Atlantic every | for the time and place proved considerable, It | ae ates esearch as | works, the Beak of Enqiaad tock onceston (0 is | aan int tos thon ee oole Beincely fee | at best an exceedingly stony thoroughfare. In | Test some of its surplus in the United States. | for the lawyer, though which the Trishmen at | bis disappointment be may turn his political | In fact many a thousand pounds sterling was | first demurred to paring on the ground that it tunie ead write dissertations on scheming bar-| intrusted to ‘Blatchford & Blatchford,” as | was too much of an extortion. po rae ‘men to sit in judgment. But | the representative of the English corporation, for exchange into American securities during |the period just previous to tho Mex- fean war, snd in that particular line Samuel Blatchford learned the ins and outs of a class of lawyer's work, which as early as i844made him well known in the United States Supreme Court chamber 8 the most able of able attorneys regarding patent law. His primal effort, however, was in the interests of the Bank of England, ‘and his spurs were won in the succeseful foreclosing of a mortgage and collection of its face value, after somewhat i dante, @ if he writes the truth. ialiy about the jus- tices who form the highest tribunal in this re- iblic, it will constifnte an epic which might Bitiegly take as ite undercurrent theme Daniel Webster's famous eling, “There's lots of room upstairs. THEIR FinsT cases. Perhaps you have on «ome occasion or other dropped in at the chamber of the United States Supreme Court while that angust body was in teurion. | Perhape you were so fortunate at that time to hear lien Butler in hin palmiest days or | lengthy litigation, in which the defendanta, « some other wilely known lawyer of the coun- | Ker York, Guba Gat. eageicstaee pa Gignitted looking men whom sou at iret sight | When the mortgage was first drawn by only a : | portion of the corporation officers, although selected as eminentiy fitted, from their appear- | Portion of | ; ug ance alone, to be the nine dispensers of judg. | *2¢ shareholders had approved the loan. Na- | tional banks were an unknown quantity then co sn say acapella od ppes’, | and wild-cat schemes held full eway. It was to Baown to fame or by only the host common | be supposed, thereiore,that Mr. Blatchford, jr., no easy time in winning his case. But he and the defendants were muicted completely. York lawyers had a wholesome respect for Sam’ Biatchford's legal powers after that, an one of the first brother members of the bar to congratulate the victor on his triumph was the venerable Justice Field, also of the Supreme Court and the Nestor of ‘the bench. * JUDGE BEFORE WE HAD HIS INITIAL BRIEF. More than thirty years ago Justice Field came to Washington to accept his seat in the Supreme Court. and although born in Massa- chusetts and admitted to the bar in New York city, the senior jn-tice in point of long service received bis portfolio asa For Justice Fie! of the very first can lay claim to what is possibly the only in- nce of the kind among the records of the United States legal fraternicy —that of being place plodders and delvers in legal lore it is safe wager you never thought at the time, any- way—mav be never afterward—from what small niner,” and one "at that. judge in reality before receiving his initial brief. It happened in this wa | _ Justice Field had completed the study of law | in the New York oifice of his brother, David | Dudiey Field. There was any amount of con- | veyancing and chambers’ practice for the at- | torney to try his hand ut beyond aiding jis brother to prepare ional argument for court, no opportunity to convince a stub- born jury had yet developed. Drawing up deeds and mortgages was becoming a trifle too monotonous, when every bamlet east of the Obio was startled by the intelligence of a golden discovery in California, Hardly an acknowl- edged United States possession for two years so far, many of the old Spanish laws and customs still prevailed in California. But Stephen J. Field never hesitated. He didn’t care particularly Thether his accustomed method of legal pro- | cedure entirely agreed with the Spanish way or by the ar ced perhaps it Tan, ‘hems, 100, | not, there was_no doubt means and end could aeeenaee Tpility that one justice | be made to harmonize somehow and incident- bo yond seas uae judge before he | “UY there certainly could be no regulation | bir Stet case, either for planta or | Thich Would prohibit an eastern lawyer in Cali- pone aol Ey Meer ‘many of those things | Ria from digging gold, if he found any to happened thirty, forty and almost fifty years | “8 ago, and some of’ those grave judges were not | ON A VIGILANCE CoMMITTEE. compelled to waste their eloquence in a town- | yaville, on the other side of the continent, ship court, while on the contrary their initial | was the end of that long pilgrimage of several poe , Bommel acoder la Daehn bexe | months out from New York. Lawyer Field was of subesquent deciione, Bur at so ihe | among the early arrivals, but there were some p acne ee ee eS large *Mtlier ones. In a week or two afterward intereste, and fece and retainers were cor |SUOUSR, wild diggers were encamped about . 7 jaryav: > start a cemetery with four or Boe fost ot tbe Tictd a remains that | Ave occupants, who were placed hors du com- Guard ware all youns lnuyora ence, end wie, bat in the camp rows. Then the better element | Sastice Brewer said, ~The recollection of a frat | Tormeiye oi ig ommtee for the exter- mination of the thieves and murderers, and the Statery im the legal arena ssoms a0 plessing 90 | Justice Field of today entered upon’ his first real legal experience; he became the alcald of Marysville by vote of the vigilance com- ®wubsequent one which euriched the pleader mittee. Under the old Mexican lawe the aleal- dia was considered what is now equivalent to omer JUSTICE FULLER. contests for yadgment which those dignitaries kad charge of years ago at the very ouiset of their careers they rose to the highest ition by appointment in the gift of the Bation’s chief executive. You may dreamed that many of those nine justic ever have argued in their client's behaif before ‘an ordinary justice of the peace.and,in theevent of winning, be glad to accept $58 a princely fee for the services reudered. No doubt you did not imagine that the venertble-looking Chief Justice Fuller ever wagered a pair of boots on by thousands.” WHEN THE CHIEF JUSTICE WAS A YOUNG MAN. It was somewhere in the middle fifties, way up in Augusta, Me, when a young college | y in hastening the opening of the action, when graduate named Melville W. Fuller was ad-| the word was passed that the suit was off; Miss mitted to the bar of his native state. He had a | Dolliver had become Mrs.'Tom Downs. Bat | Batural inclination for the law, but never e Lamar was entitled to something for his | dreamed in his wildest flights of’ imagination | that in little more thana quarter of a century to | come he should have achieved such prominence | asalawyer that the President of the United | States would appoin chief justice of the | Supreme Court. He nly had no such idea | when trving his first care al ‘And that case | the chief justice likes to think about even now, for it brought him his first fee—a $5 gold piece, which was treascred as his lucky con months | afterward. ‘Tbat miniature brief did not in- | volve a large amount of cold cash, nor did it t ia appearance within a few days after Mr. | Falters thingie wes flung to the breeze. EXPERIENCE THE FIRST FEE. Lott M. Morrill, afterward United States Senator, was a big gun among the legal frater- nity of the “pine tree state” in those days and | the mayor of a city he evidently believed in activity to keep a peace. His deci TICE FIELD. a village justice of the 8 were not to be questione young lawyer from growing rusty in the funda- “md in the old California days it wasn'ta | jutionized the customs. ace pted in the key- mental principles of his profession. So having healthy thing for anybody to doo. Whenever | stone stat up to that time relative to been eurploves to defend a negro for some petty ® dispute about staked claims arose, and it #0 | @riminal offense he jously invited young | happened that it was not settled by one party | =—s me IO seine ta ottee Santen peas gal reached, the alcaldia sat in judgment and de- | cided the matter in short order. When a tem- porary agreement by compulsion was reached | through the other method, and the enrvivor | did not get to a safe distance before the vigi- lantes reached him, the alcaldia’s services were | again called into requisition and a speedy dance from the end of a rope generally contributed | to the quota in the Marysville cemetery. Justice Field was in those days the only | lawyer the town could boast of, and when law and order finally got the upper hand in the community the attorney who bewailed mono- tony in New York had no reason to do #0 in the new state, from which he went to the United States Supreme Court scarcely more than a decade later. JUSTICE BROWN'S FIRST CASE was one in chancery and the judicial dignity of | Michigan's honored representative in the tri- bunal, acquired during his seventeen years’ | experience there, does not preclude the bring- tizen of California, | He | USTICE HARLAN. A merry twinkle generally gathers in Justice Harlan’s eye when he calls to mind his maiden effort in the class of cases which obtained in the blue grass region down at Frankfort, Ky., and not so very many years ago, either; while | Justice Gray's experience was much the came up in the old bay state. But Justice Lamar’s earliest anticipations of a triumph ina legal arena came to an abrupt end just when the | papers were in readiness for filing and matters looked decidedly like a verdict in favor of the tiff. Incidentally, also, a certain obliga- tion which repr rin the suit waited a long time before ent w: and the Secretary of the of Cle paym nteril exbinet hasnt forgotten the amusing side of se. | his tirst av LAMAR'S MAIDEN EFFORT. Newton county, Georgia, was no very prolific | field for unemployed lawyers several decades ago, if it is now, and so ‘Squire Lamar, as he was called by his companions, felt that he had @ promising future before him when one day the Widow Dolliver burst into his office and wanted to discover how she could take revenge ona well-known young man about the county, Tom Downs. The irate iady was informed of the cost such kn ge would entail, but gen- uine cash was scarce just then. A note for $25 supplied the place of a retainer, and Newton county's attorney act about preparing the docu- ments fora suit in which the court was asked to decree a verdict of damages against Tom Downs, becanse he had broken his promise to marry the Widow Dolliver's daughter. JUSTICE LAMAR. Visions of a large slice of the damages falling to the attorney for plaintiff belprd materially pleand the note of €25 was finally paid; | not for many months thereafter, however, and | | not until the young lawyer was known as a legal | | figiter of the first rank all over the “cracker” commonwealth, ‘THE NEW JUSTICE. Pennsylvania's son on the Supreme bench is | the neophyte of the nine justices. Justice | Shiras has occupied his new official position | barely two months yet, but President Harri- | son's appointment to the Supreme Court is | enerally commended. Justice Shiras is a| | lawyer With a record, too, and outside of the most erudite of Pennsylvania advocates it may | | not be generally known that to him belongs the | practical credit of unearthing a common law Statute, which, since the Supreme Court ruled | | uvon it according to his argued interpretatioz over twenty-five years ago, has materially revo- A MARRIED MAN'S DISPOSITION OF HIS REAL ESTATE. ‘The case, which was Justice Shiras’ very first after beginning practice in his native city, Pittsburg, is Gited at length ia the Pennsyl- vania Reports, and is known as “Lonsdale's appeal.” A wealthy old English resident of the smoky city was advised by his physicians that heart disease might carry him off at any | time, and having no relatives in the United States except his wife and a niece of the latter, whom he ‘heartily disliked, the old man con- cocted a scheme whereby he could so dis; his property as to prevent it ultimately falli linto the bands of the niece after the death o: himself and wife. He accordingly sold his realty and invested the proceeds in bonds and mortgages, the latter of which he assigned to | trustees for the benefit of his brothers in Eng- land. Lonsdaie retained the bonds himeelf, and only a small percentage of the personalty was [left the wife by will. The inventory filed by the executors at his death included only the | bonds in question, and tne widow at once se- of HOW AUTHORS WORK. The System Followed by Many Well- Known Writers. |METHODS OF COMPOSITION. Some Must Have Absolute Quiet and Work With Great Regularity—Others Wait for the Inspiration and Then Write for Many ‘Hours Consecutively—Morning and Eve- ning Work. pe eee "T= METHODS OF ‘authors always provoke interest, and the read- ersof their books never fail to take delight in learning the ways and means by which they were evolved. Emile Zola, who, it pecuniary success is to be taken as evidence of greatness, must be considered the foremost of living nov- eliste, ia one of the most industrious and methodical of workers. “I ama mechanic,” said he not long since, “and everything I do is systematically arranged. A novel a year is the result of the proper work- ing of my machinery. I commence my yearly novel about April or May and finish somewhere in December. I must have eight clear months for my book. I do all the work of composition at my country home, Medan. When finished I come to Paria to superintend the publication and to satisfy myself that all is going smoothly. | While in Paris I take notes for my next novel. ere is no rest for me. Le Roi est mort. e le Roi! That is my motto. By taking notes I mean that I study the localities or the classes of people among which my creations are destined to move. Then I set to work.” Zola does all bis writing himself. He writes and rewrites a novel half a dozen times before he is satisfied with it, scarcely a sentence es- caping his effacing fingers. Sometimes whole ges are remodeled, sentences are condensed Inte two or three words, Here © semicolon is changed into a full stop, commas are changed tosemicolons. Notwithstanding all the trouble he gives the printers do not complain, but vie with the author in presenting bis works perfect to the world. Alphonse Daudet, often called the French Dickens, gives this account of his method of writing novels: “I first of all,” says he, “Lay down my notes ina little pocket book which carry about me. Then I write ont these notes crossing them off the pocket book with a red pencil asI go along. The notes jnst after they are written are copied cleanly by my wife, who corrects any little erroré of redundancy which I may have committed. I then take my wife's copy and go through it carefully, adding and cutting to suit my taste. The result of this manipulation is conformation of the hiero- gyiphics which shock the eye. ‘There is only one man in the world who could interpret | them, and that is my private secretary—worth | his weight in gold, let me say. To this long- suffering gentleman, therefore, my _illegibl manuscript passes, and from ‘his hands it } emerges nearly what it ought to be, but not quite. After a few quieter struggles, however, it is ready for the printer. My wife isa positive | boon to me. 1 don’t really know what I should | do without her. A really anrious thing is that | Mme. Daudet despises novels. I write them, you know, andshe despises them. She often | says that'my novels bore her. I think she | really prefers my note books. In my opinion, we read too many books. What we want is to come into contact with life. There are those Pe sng Wey WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS. who make books from books, and those who make books from what they see. There are books which are only the successors of other books, and these are simply old. works done u, as new. According to my ideas, a book shoul only be written when one has nothing to say.” ‘The system of work followed by Georges Oh- net, the rising star of French literature, is sit Je but effective. “I begin,” he says, “with an idea, a motive. Iturn it over and over in my mind until I have woven the beginning, the middle and_the end of my plot. I then sketch out the different characters to be introduced and the various scenes of action. This done, I set to work, writing for four hours every morn ing. Sometimes I can write only one or two ages, but when the inspiration is free and easy PCa write a whole chapter at one siting. Generally speaking, Iwrite my novels in the country and my plays in Paris. Ido not sur- round myself with documents to work on, Ido not want them, since I form my characters and incidents out of my own mind, or aceording to what I have come across in daily life. [have a good memory and can remember about almost everything I’ have seen from childhood. I am not obliged to mount a railway engine, like Zola, who after all obtains only a very imper- fect view of the scenes which come under his eye, and which are more imaginary than real, though the pictures he paints are marvelously executed.”” Guy de Maupassant, whose brilliant career Tecently terminated in insanity, was one of the most fastidious of literary craftsmen, but much of his best work was done under the influence of hasheesh or morphine, a fact which ina measure accounts for bis’ present condition. Count Leo Tolstoi, the famous Russian novelist and religious reformer, writes, rewrites and re- vises his novels with infinite toil and patience. His gifted and devoted wife acts as his secre- tary nd literary counselor, and all of his manu- scripts are copied by her before being sent to the prin ‘Thomas Hardy, now the foremost of English romancists, lives and works at Max Gate, near his native Dorchester. He has no fixed methods of composition, and while he tries to do a cer- tain amount daily, does not force himself to work when not in the mood, which is quite often the case. In the matter of plot, Mr. Hardy confesses that he is melined to be what might be called “irregular.” “I usually,” be . jet the characters work out the story for themselves. People sometimes object to the ending of a story. They say, Why did the author make his narrative end in this tragical you you must make matters real -your characters as they would in cured the services of the new justice of the Justice Guar. Supreme Court for the purpose of contesting Faller to nct as associate counsel on behalf of the document. the prisoner. The owner of the fecently ac- | |. Previous to that time the courts had always quired diploma scented a possible fee and ac- | | held as incontestable @ mat ht to dispose eepted, and the negro was acquitted But be of ull his property as he pl but the at- Bed oaly © very limited supply of coin with | tacking lawyer made ‘8 action out a which to recompense his legal befrienders. | case of what was legaily known as “fraud u Consequently the future chief justice was left | the custom” in the old English laws. ‘The fecless, although rich in his first actual experi- preme Court upheld his view of the case and ence before a jury, for inside of ten days one “Lonsdale’s appeal” went down on the records of the Jurymen happened to be made defend- | as establishing a new wrinkle in estate pro- ant ins suit for the alleged non-payment of | cedure, which, Justice Shiras says, the Penn- several cords of wood. and he selected the | sylvania courts seem, however. to have since attorney tochampion him. The hear- | disregarded on occasion. Nevertheless, his first took place Lefore a justice of the peace, | case changed the material disposition of an end unlike the usual custom of those function- estate valued at $80,000, and the resultant feo aries this particular justice rendered @ verdict | | obviated the usual young lawyer's necessity of for the defense. Mr. Faller's client was in « hunting practice before a justice of the peace eestacion, and sea result paid a feo of half an | or in the police court, eagle, which was nearly as much as the amount | —_——eee—____- <f the Judgment sought by the plaintiff. A Trifling Feat. ‘BIS CABEER IX CHICAGO. From Good News. Chicago was just beginning to be « marked Little Bobby—““Mamma, the boys is going locality on the western prairies about this time, have acircus. May I act?” * and the fall of '58 found Lawyer Fuller a fall | Mamma—“I suppose so. What are you Det erie tte ton at Dow 8 Pen | going to do?" lake. They om immense | | , Little Bobby— mach. wes ame the hero of « boot wager with opposing | every to do is to stand on top” day be walks or reads or writes letters. He sronged apes 0 new sory, too sored poblon ‘upon @ new story, pal fiom of which will begin ‘next January. “I rarely gtiempt analysis," be says, “and am Toma incident and life will always possess a great harm for the human heart I bold that are certain limits beyond which the writers of fiction should not passin ministering to our love of the marvelous. ‘Those writers who fail to create the illusion of truth and reality in re- lation to even the strangest incidents in their sketches either fail in their art through want of skill or by the introduction into their narrative of events and ns which render such an lusion im le.” RD. Blackmore, the author of ‘Lorna Doone,” does al! of his writ- ing in theevening. He is careful and paine- taking to the last degree, and sometimes com- letes no more than # paragraph at a sitting. iss M. E. Braddon is # rapid and methodical worker. “(When I have got the germ of a story clear in my mind, “and it has devel- oped into anything like. shape, I may make a skeloton plot, describe the characters, note the incidents and sketch out the general idea, That done I begin my copy for the printer and work at it straight to the finish. Of course, new de- yelopments occur as I go along, changes some- times of incident and motives, but so long as Tadhere to the general plan I accept these changes and find that the whole scheme works out correctly.” Rhoda Broughton does all her writing in the ee morning, and unlike Miss Braddon is a very | leisurely worker. Walter Besant also prefer the early morning hours for composition, and is careful and regular worker. He goes to real life for his character, plots and incidents, and generally has a story carefully mapped out before he begins the work of uctual composi- tion, Francis Marion Crawford gives six hours WALL CAINE a day toliterary work, dividing the time equally between the morning and the afternoon. Heis a rapid worker and thinks nothing of turping off several thousand wordsadav. His novel “To Leeward,” was written in the mornings of a fortnight in a cave overlooking Sorrento, where the author sought seclusion from the y spirits who had flocked to the beautiful fiduch city. Jalian Hawthorne ‘belongs, of rather used to belong, to the large class of peo- ple who often put off until tomorrow what they could better do today, and asaconsequesnce he has often had to perform long tacks in short pe- riods. On one occasion he wrote for twenty- six consecutive hours without pause, and five or six years ago he begau and finished « 85,000 word story in four days; moreover’ ite literary quality was excellent. Mr. Haw- thorne has his own ideas about novel mak- ing. “A novel or any other work of art,” says Mr. Hawthorne, ‘should grow froma germ io the author's brain to a perfectly developed organism. The novels of my writing that have least displ sudden crystallization of diverse elements into asymmetrical idea; then let it expand, to the last detail, like a plant, with as little interfer ence ou the author's part as possible. ‘Then, of course, there are constructed novels, like | the Chinese ivory bulls within balla; but’ their best workmanship is on the outside—tho in- most of them is but. blind nodule. Charac- ters should take quality from the story, as fruit from the kind of trees producing it~ apples on one, cherries on the other.” Mr. lawthorne admits in conclusion that at one time and another he hus shamelessly violated all the principles he thus lays down. Frank Stockton seldom puts pen to paper, Dut dictates his stories and novels to an amanuensis, who writes them out in long hand. He prefers the morning hours ns the best time for works He always carefully thinks out a story in its entirety before commencing dicta- tion, and is fond of writing the last chapter of a novel first. He says he cannot see how any one can write a well-rounded and appropriately roportioned novel unless it bas been definitely lecided beforehand what the conclusion is to be. Mr. Stockton revises but little, and sends his manuscript to the printer substantially ps written out by his secretary. Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burmgtt, despite her genius, is o woman still, and writes best among the luxurious surroundings in which the feminine heart delights. When she has a new novel on hand she retires to her study after an early breakfast, and writes without interruption until noon. She is a rapid writer and is gen- erally satisfied with her sentences as first written. A far more exacting worker is Mra. Harriet Prescott Spofford. Once in a story she was writing she had to describe the experience of a THOMAS HARDY. novice who tried to manages locomotive, which, being uncontrolled, ran off with its victim. To make the description true to life Mrs. Spofford spent days in studying tho workings and parts of an engine and in talking with engineers, and 60 well did she profit by what she learned that when the story was completed the description, which had cost so much time and effort, was so real that many who read it believed it to be the report of an actual occurrence. In all her un- dertakings Mrs. Spotford is equally prodigal of labor and equally conscientious. Miss Alice French (Octave Thanet) congiders eight or ten hours a fair day’s labor, andSupon one occasion is said to have written for twenty-four hours without sleep or rest, As a rule she writes in the morning and early afternoon, giving the re- mainder of the day to out-door recreation. “John Ward, Preacher.” was rewritten six times before ite author, Margaret Deland, gave it to the printer. Bret Harte is his own most exacting critic. His reputed carelessness in other directions does not extend to bis writ- ings, and he never allows a piece of work to Joavo his hands until completely eatistied with ft. Gen. Lew Wallace, author of “Ben Hur,” writes and rewrites his productions four and five times, his firet draft written on slate and the eubsequent ones on paper. The general alyays has recoutee to ‘his wife's taste nd judgment when perplexed or in doubt, and that cultured lady, whole a mecossful author herself, always revises everything that ber hus- band writes. sed me have come in that way. A| THE COLORED voTE. Comments Caled Out by Rev. Mr. son's Political Sermon, daye of reputation he retains many of the characteris- tics of the newspaper worker. Ho writes idly, using a typewriter in bis work. and mek- ing all his corrections and erayares in the type | copy. A greater part of his writ done during his ssjourn af/his summer home i j Elmira, where he secludes himself almost en- tirely from visitors, The first of “Uncle Tom's Cabin” which Har- riet Beecher Stowe put on paper was the chap- ter which tells of the death of Uncle Tom. She had intended to publish it in a sketch, * but the story grew in hor fancy ax she wrote until | it reached its published dimensions. The | | story was written at all hours of the day and night and in all sorts of places and amid the ent interruptions to which the housebold of the country tlalster (the Stowne were then living at Brunswick, Mo.) is subjected. She wrote so rapidly that at times her pen could not keep pace with her thoughts, and when the | latter wero once written down they were rarely changed. The methods by which her master- iece was brought into being have been fol- jowed in the main in the composition of Mra. Stowe's later works. ‘This gifted woman has never observed eestablished literary laws, but | has always been a law unto herself. George Moore is one of those writers who to their own sorrow and the subsequent joy of his | readers compose with the utmost difficulty. He often spends hours on a single page, writing | and rewriting, polishing and improving, until, | to use his own words, “every chapter is forged | like a sword blade, every seatence like # knife.” B. L, Farjeon has often been engaged on three novels at @ time and seldom has less than two under way. He writes all his novels with a typewriter and composes rapidly. Edgar Fawcett makes it an invariable rule to locate the scene of all his stories in New York, and nover | commences composition until bo hasthe motive and the leading character of a novel clearly de- | fined in his mind. Aw n writer he progresses slowly and polishes with the utmost care. Archibald Clavering Gunter gives about three months to each of his novels, During this —_ he keeps himse!f in strict seclusion. He joes not begin until his plot is carefully laid out and to details he gives the closest attention. David Christie Murray is an old newspaper man end in novel writing follows the methods of the reporter. Hix memory is marvelously rete: tive. He thinks he conld copy out any one of bis works almost exactly on fair no- tice, and he frequently amuses himself on a railway train reading over one of his own chap- ters from his memory, finding, as he pute it with humorous naivete, that they amuse him because he wrote them to «uit himself. George Meredith «mokes constantly while thinking out | his novels and allows noone to intrude upon | him while atwork. W. E. Norrisisaslow worker and takes the greatest pains with all that he does. He writes only at night, as he finds that only after dark is he able to get away from the day's disturbing influence. Rider Haggard both gleans and invents the incidents of his stirring stories and writes with fluency and ease. When at work on « new novel he sets for himself a daily task and doos not cease John- THE NEGRO AND THE REPUBLICAN PaARTY— COLORED MEN SAY TMAT THE RACE Is NOT UNORATEFUL — Pa’ FENDED FROM ASSAULT—TSE PRESIDENT AND HIS PARTY. The report in Tue Star of the pc Mon preached by Rev. W. Bishop Johnson of the Second Colored Baptist Church last Sunday bas excited much comment. There are evi- | dently many colored men who do not approve | the views expressed by the preacher and ome | Whose disapproval amounts to severecondemna- tion, Tue Stan bas published during the week letters written on both sides, Others have written to Tus Stam discussing Rev, Mr. John- | on's remarks and incidentally the relations of the republican party to the negro vote, Mr. Geo. | M. Arnold, who presided at one of the Distriot Fepublican convegtions last «pring and who spoke during the recent campaign in various places for the republican party, has been stirred to write the following ‘Tho criticism of a writer (“Pair Play”) in Tar Stan of November 15 0n Dr. Bishop Johnson's address last Sunday is misleading and entire!: incorrect in so far as it refers to the doctor’ Harrison, I beard the ad- The report in Tue Stas is ‘straight.” “Fair Play” says “President Hi ° called ‘force bill’ probably lost him re-election, for it kept the south solid and lost him many votes in the north. It in in bad grace for « divine who is not = predestinarian to damn « friend for not doing what he has already been damned for doing his utmost todo. If the colored people do not speak out in the defense Of & friend in a case like this they cannot hope to win favor with Presidentelect Cleveland or any other fair-minded man who loves fidelity and spurns ingratitude to one’s frien Dr. Johnson paid the Pre tribute; he classed him along with trong Men that this generation has km: was not the President that Dr. J was to bla but the vac: . uritanic pretensions” and hypocrites that had charge of the political management; those who had not the courage to face and c ont a “moral issue.” T her who denied their “faithful allies” were scored by the doctor, but not Gen, Harri- son. | No man posted on current events will cha: the Afro-American with i There is no debt of gratitude that stands against him. Se, politics and loyalty to his country attest in. Afro-Americans, ass class, | current matters, know the di a “hawk anda band saw. Chase, Wade, Sumaer, Steve and other strong men that were, are not, and the Afro-Americans feel the absence of men like thes> in thie di but there te among them no lack of lovalty to the fundamental ples of republican faith. Afro-America cause of their former condition, have reasons to be men worshipers, and they know for w to worship men and they do not entertain other than the kindest and most lor to Gen. Harrison, but I 4o not beliow: 4s a class, carried away with ail the men” who run the republican party today and dictate its policy. We went into o caw- paisa, last jonest, upright man at the head of the ticket, but we denied th faith of our own forefathers, denied our faith- ful allies, denied our creed, chased rainbows and put our trust in “puritanic pretensions,” and there was Bo bope for us, We were a- feated because of various things, but none was greater than the sin of being unfaithful to the great truths of republican belief. work until it is finished. George Parsons | The question has been asked, How is it that | Lathrop in writing a novel finds the concep- | Afro-Americans take the defeat of the party eo tion of the central ides the hardest part of his | philosophically? That can be answered by say- task. “The rest," he says, ‘is compagatively | ing of late he has become a philosopher of the a pleasure, full of surprises and inspirations | most advanced practical sort, and like Dickens’ | which often modify the original plan.” Edna | ““Micawber” is here, waiting for something to | turn up. MR. CHASE HAS SOMETHING To «AY. Mr. W. Calvin Chase, editor of the Bee, writes in reference to Mr. Johnson's sermon: It was rather late foran attack of such a jcheracter. If Rev. Johnson was aware that Mr. Harrison was guilty of the charges that he made, why was it that he waited until after his defeat and the election of Mr. Cleveland before he gave utterance to his views? There ix a motive behind it all which is personal in its character. Every act of Mr. Harrison hax been in the interest of the Afro-Americans of this country; every measure that has been intro- duced in Congress in the interest of the vegro was recommended by Mr. Harrison; he has endeavored to show by words and deeds that he recognized the merits in the negro, if he pos- i} i WALTER BESANT. | Lyalt does ail her writing in the morning. With r the conception of the principal character in @ novel comes first, and that once planned the circumstances in ‘which his personality ts to be developed and the subsidiary char- acters whom he is to influence or by whom he is to be influenced. In writing Miss Lyall makes pr siowly and revises with care. James Payn is one of the most methodical of writers. He invents bis plot, but draws from life the characters with which they | deal. Ho has the whole story outlined before he begins writing and thereafter his progress is constant and rapid. The literary methods of ‘Mrs. Humphry Wara have recently been de- scribed by afriend. “She's very painstaking in her work,” says this informant, “and some of the pages of ‘David Grieve’ were rewritten four times. She makes ‘heads’ for her chapters and principal incidents, and these are blocked off on separate sheets of paper, each sheet rep- resenting a chapter. Nhe will do this over and over, at least a half dozen times, transferring incidente from one sheet to another. When she finally arranges them to her satisfaction she is ready for work, and with the ‘first chapter sheet,’ as she calls them, before her she begins her work. She has no difficulty in writing, but it is the ‘finishing process’ which will make ber write and rewrite a page over and over. She works slowly and never more than three or four hours at atime. She alternates between pen and pencil in her work, and often changes them in the middie of a sentence.” William Dean Howells is one of the most mat- ter-of-fact workera and never trusts to. the i spiration of the moment. He says that when- ever he has done so he has found next day that his work was rotandall lost. ‘The writer,” said Mr, Howells not long since, “must not lose him- self in his characters or in his story. He must retain his self-possession, his self-control and be constantly in the position of an outsi studying carefully his effecta. He must be ing to himself, is this natural? is this right? in order to obtain the proper gauge of the values of his picture. I believe that the greatest ef- fects are produced upon the stage by the artist who never forgets himself. If he imagines him- self to be the person whose part he is playin and forgets all else but that then he has no means of judging of the effects he produces, of how his inspiration is being received, or, in other words, he has lost the control’ which would enable him to present a correct and artistic picture. I know this view is opposed by a great many enthusiasts, but it ie my judg- ment that the most artistic work is prodaced by the man who is in the clearest possession of ail his faculties and who is the least swayed by his emotions in the pursuit of purely intellectual work,” Mr. Howells does all of bis writing with a typewriter. He prefers the morning hours for work and also essays to accomplish a fixed amount dail; Rorus R. Wiisox, + LABOUCHERE ON PARLIAMENT, | | men to office have not been surpassed by any President known to this republic. Mr. Harrison bas been arraigned because he failed to protect the negro in the south against the brutality of his oppressors: he has been de- nounced bacause he bas failed to send troops there to liberate certain colored men who have violated the laws of the states. The Constitu- tion of the United States stipulates the extent to which the chief magistrate of this great na- tion shall go in protecting the rights of Ameri- can citizens, and Mr. Harrison could not, if he 60 desired, go beyond his well-defined consti- tutional power. It will be remembered that assassins Who murdered thirteen colored men in the court while being tried in the state of Mississip) Similar appeals were made to Mr. Cleveland that were made to Mr. Harrison, but nothing could be done; the Constitution bad the same reventive effect on Mr. Cleveland as it had on r. Harrison. Did Rev. W_Bishop Johnson charge Mr. Cleve- land with being a traitor to the colored man? No. His time was occupied in urging the ap- pointment of Rev. Mr. Hally for the’ Liberian mission. The colored people found no fault in Mr. Cleveland, although he could not pro- tect the negro in the south. Mr. Cleveland surprised the country by his liberal policy to- ward the negro, and assured the colored man that so far as be could within his well-defined coustiiutional power he would protect him. Mr. Harrison recommended to Congress the Passage of an act to protect all classes of citi zens in the free exercise of the elective fran- chise, but the Senate, which was republican, re- jected the measure after it had been passed by ‘a republican House of Representatives. Is Harrison tobe blamed because his party repudi- ated the measure? Mr. Harrison said to # delegation of colored citizens from New York that he would go as far as the Constitution would permit him to go in protecting the negro in his civil and political rights, avd if the com- muttee would furnish him authenticated data he would create a healthy public sentiment by rec- ommending to Congress the passage of a law such as would be suggested by the committee. ‘The committee failed to do as Mr. Harrison | suggested. Is he to blame? I might enumerate | a dozen instances of Mr. Harrison's fidelity to | the negro. It is too late for republican office holders to fop now; it is too late for hypocrites 0 pose as saints amd defenders of Mr. Clove land and the democratic party. Although Mr. Harrison ischarged with being untrue to the negro the grateful American people tive of party will call hime patriot, It is hoped, Mr. Editor, you will not think that the entire negro race is ungrateful to their friendé. Although some of them are the supporters of Mr. Cleveland I bave not beard one say an unkind word against Mr. Har- rison, One Imperial and Four Local, Like Our States. Ihave never rightly understood why Irish home rulg should be fought on conservative and radical lines, remarks Mr. Labouchere in London Truth. At present we have an imperial parliament which is so blocked with business that it performs its functions either in a per- functory fashion or not at all. Irisbmen out- vote Englishmen on English matters, English- men outvote Irishmen on Irish matters. Scotch- men and Welshmen, moreover, do not have their way in mattere alone locally affecting them, Surely it would be more reasonable te have a local parliament for Scotland, Ireland, Eng- land and Wales, with powers similar to tpose enjoyed by the several states that comprise the SUGGESTS AXOTHER TEXT. ‘American’ Union, and with en imperial parlia-| Nat Turner of Montgomery, Als., writes: ment invested with the powers of Washiny After reading and rereading the published ton Cony a local and imperial parliaments being referred to @ supreme court. In this system neither shakes the stability of the state nor of the i precisely the reverse, for inno country in the world does a nation hang mofe closely together, and in no country rison’s position on the #0-| une with « loyal, pure, clean, | vi sessed any at all; his appomtments of colored | Mr. Cleveland could not bring to Justice the | | the non de plume “A Pew Cold Pacts,” saps | “Inmy opinion thetemple might have been util- ized tor » better put than political sermons on the Lord's day. | The speaker'sconclusions cy lake th. of a man who does not know to find sbelter until the storm has passed. Tamansious to know if the speaker believe: that placing the democratic party in power iil deliver the Afro-American ont of oppres sion? If so, why were they not delivered with. ut the late pleasantness of 61 ‘As to the democrats capturing the negro vote, in my opinion it could not be eo cor sidered, sigce many of them staved home would not tote, while others were illegally franchised. Iam anxious to know ff it was the hand of God that kept the A’ bondage so mant years that we failed to American ir Was it God's ruling oy the freedom as a citiren that we now Was tt His dictation thar barred usfrom the ballot box and prevented our being educated? In my opinion it was the Aictation of Providence in the form of the re Publican party that gave the Afro-Amerioar Becess to these good and glorious things, as wei ae the privilege of amembling in the boner God to give praises to His name, not to th of a party whose platform of principl« down st Chicago Lcannot believe the I fear if the primerples 1 scument be carried out tt will donty namber of the Lavarases who were spoken o the reverend gentleman. I believe that I have verity the fact that the + the repablican parte than it did tn 100 years us jocratic party. jor ta speaker has read. the MOSTARES OF THE RFPTRLICAN PARTY | On the general subject of the republican | part the negro vote Mr. D. Turner write the greatest errors ever committed bv'e poll party was the extensi: franchise to all persons te color, education or prev unlimited franchise to all persons having at- tained the age of twenty-one years is an ad- mission that the most i good and reliable w unqualified ise bill to be in the feder ives almost uneduca tworthr a rn Ne qualificat that all persons unable to rea tion of the United States #h ised. The evils which Judge Hale prophesied wont follow in the wake of an illiterate suffrage bas prove true in every parti It was a well-known f otyn the 4 population at the ot at that time read the Consti- the United States, henve the advorates ued that the party we votes out of e hundred by extending to alll the right to vote regardicas of The question of an intelligent voter was not taken into consideration When the blind the blind b. ait The then blind and tmprovident republic re did not see and comprebend the fact that an educational franchise would exclude as many illiterate white democrats north and so colored, T dment for educa tional qualitication would have great!y increased rather than have diminished the repablicam orthern and soutbern st th ax it would of the tment, framed and smp- ported by the republican majority in Congress, Was a8 a party measure equivalent to killing the goose that laid the golden egg. Prom the day it was declared by proclamation tobe the law of the land the party responsible for it has suffered many disastrous defeats and has hed e solid south to contend against. Dut for thet gross and inexcusable blunder Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee would have been as firmly fi the republ column as Maine and Vermont. ‘That “iliit- erate” measure was most emphatically @ “force | bill it forced every respectable old line.whig and white citizen south of the Potomac into the democratic ranks. It united the southern | white population as one man, while the colored | vote, which the republican’ leaders consider | solid and invincible for two generations, has roved to be a very troublesome and unreliable | factos, strongly inchned to support the party | that bestows the most favors, | When the merciless juveniles pelted with stones the frogs in the mill pond it was fun for | the boys, but death to the frogs. When o perty vs a premiam on ignorance as « qualified ector it is fun for the illiterate voter, but death to the party that extends the privilege end awards the premium. vanilla | NEW PUBLICATIONS. THE TRUTH ABOUT BEAUTY. By Awwm Wour. New York: Lovell, Coryell & Co, Washe ington: Brentano's. | A NATURAL METHOD OF PHYSICAL TRAIN By Brooklyn: Win. ING. THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF WASHINGTON ALLSTON. ‘By Janu B. Plaga, N. A. 8 T. D. Chas. Scribner's Bons. Washing- ton: Brentano's. WOMAN—THROUGH A MAN'S EYEGLASS. By MALCOLM C. SALAMAN. New York: Lovell, Com yell & Co, Washington: Brentano's. | THE CUCKOO IN THE NEST. By Mra Ovspmasr. w York: United States Book Co. Washing- ton: Brentano's, THE WOMAN WHO STOOD BETWEEN. B MINwiz Gmatone. New York: Lovell, Cory: 4 Co. Washington: Brentano's. LETTERS TO A_ Yo! Mrs. BAYARD TaYtOR. hersSons, Washington: UNDER THE EVENING LAMP. HENRY Stoppaxp. New hers Sons. Washingto FRENCH ART. Ry W.C. BROWNELL. New York Chas. Scribner's Sons. Washington: Brew | tanom THE TOWER OF TADDRO. York: Movendon Co. j tan A CONFEDERATE SPY. By Tuomas N. Connap. | New York: J. 8. Ogiivie. | BERNARD OF CLATKVAUK. By Ricwarp 8 Storrs. New York: Chas Serlvuers Sous, War! ingtou: Brentano's GARD DESIGN. By W. Ronmwaom, ¥1- 8 Imported by Chas. Seribuer’s Sous, New York. | Washington: i Beall, THE BABYS JOURNAL. | piled by S. Antce BaaY. New York: Anson D. Randolph & Co. Washington: Brentano's. WHAT TO DO FIRST IN EMERGENCIES. Cuas. W. Dviias, M.D. Philadelphia: P Biakiston, Son & Co. Washingvon: Wm Bal | lantyne. OUR ELDER BROTHER. By Sanam S. Baxen New York: A. D. F. Randolpn & Co. Wash- ington: Brentano's. AUNT LIEFY. By Awsie Txcwscut SLossom. New York: Anson D. Randolph & Oo, Wash- ington: Brentano's. THE LAS’ DAY. Ry IMogex Ctant. New York: Anson D. Handslph a Co. Waslingtom: Brea By Ricnarp Berio By Ova. New Washington: Bren Dest and com- a ey There Was a Difference. Prom the Detroit Free Press. ‘There nad beens homicide ina saloon and one man was telling all about it, even to the minutest detail, He bad seen it all and knew what he was talking about, he said, and, not- withstanding that everybody had not implicit confidence in his statements, nobody cared to gall him to account and make him show proof. ‘Naturally, such @ man would be a good witness, and at the examining trial he was puten te stan: “What do you know about this affair?” asked Sa. honor,” be replied so promptly “bite pour” whed hewurpemed fag, “Didn't vou” : 7 “oll a number of people Youlad ween it “Yes, yer honof. “Then how does that yon say here that you don’t know an; ‘about it?” is the of the individual more secure. he French revolution centralization was the of the extremists and federal- ization of the moderates. Indeed, the Girond- iste lost their heads for advocating the latter. therefore the conservatives should be series ederaticaion oo mo a repeal nye. pape ee enigma pid unfamiliar with the powers of the chief execu- a radical, Dut more Te canservative 1 should be | tive of this ration. “Ttis ‘the merest nonsense gti more of «home ruler. | Apart, : | for any one to think that the President of the ioaen she eexpeseers saves kwo systems | United States can come to the front door of there is no question that it le = mistake from | tne White House, and, by blowing bis nose or the conservative standpoint to block the way to | friN's tittle mall, diaperse lnvlees mmsssbiing the reasonable social reforms which are denired | SOa06 aie Su ttiog ce that he tune te et by the large majority ofthe ‘ation by passing | Nounciog ensihemas, change the faats-and years in ome rola, This i playing | Practice ¥%, 4 a President verge of the, “Well it's this way, yer honor, be said, with © redeeming blush. ' “I was only talkin’ then, an’ now I'm a swearin’.” ‘The court noted the distinction, Plenty of Koom. From Puck.