Evening Star Newspaper, September 22, 1892, Page 12

¥ MAN WHO 4 a medal | honor from the | government is natar prond of it it is @ title of true nobility, the recog- nition of bravery and loyal ser In Tue Sra yester- Gay wore given sketches of a nomber of the men who hold these medals, of whom many'are members of the Medai of Honor Legion, now im session in this city. Below will be found sketches of and portraits of others: Mr. Cyrus B. Lower was found at the Safe Deposit Company's office on Pennsylvania avenue in this city. To the Star man he told the story of how he won his medal of honor. Mr. Lower served the first two years of the war im the twenty-third Ohio infantry, a regiment Teraarkable for the fame manders afterward ac! Being Col. W. 8. Rosecrans, Col. Rutherford B. Hayes and Lieut Col Stanley Matthews. Wm. McKinley was also borne on its rolls Lower afterward joined the celebrated ““Buck- tails” of Pennsylvania, one of the most famous regiments of the war. The medal of honor was awarded him for gallantry in the Wilder- ness, May 7, 1864. Although wounded in the right knee apd ordered by bis commanding officer to go to the rear, he kept his face to the front and fonght with’ conspicnous bravery. On the evening of that day he was sent to the Lospital, as be was lame and a night's march had to be made. But Lower could not content Bimsolf in the hospital when there was fight- iug to do, and he came to the front with his ands unbealed. and was conspicuous for his gvilantry at the battles of Spottsylvania, North Avoa and Bethesda Church, at which latter captured. His ‘crowning act of of jumping from the cars y from Libbey prison to Ander- sunvilie, traveling alone by day and night CYRUS BLOWER. throagh the enemy's country. being recaptured by a gnerrilia and escaping after a han:-to- band confiict, amd at last making his way to ‘the Union Loes, Fon BAAVERY AT OrTrysnce Medals of honor were awarded tl Union soldiers, who helped “break the Done of the confederacy” at G For gailantry iu action —Fr. tain, forty-fifth New York mfantry . captain, cighty-< ry; Hugh Care cond New Y third days th Land wounded oa! the fight); Jefferson Coat ih, eoth W nein. he one of the three regim: wing back- Col. Edward Hice A.. wag a major in the nineteenth Massachusetts ufaniry oa the Aird day at Ge Bailled and beate: From « stabbora M. wounied yor contof its wort The f 2% were awarded medals tor i etl THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. ©, THURSDAY, a, SEPTEMBER 22, 1892—-PART TWO. tion at Stone River, Tenn, December 31, nd January 1, 1862. country gallantly during the war Capt. Bourke was still young enough at its close to enter the Military Academy October 17, 1865, and grad- nated Jane 15, 1869. He was assigned to duty in the cavalry arm of the service and served on the frontier with distinction. From 1870 to 1871 he was in Arizona and engaged in several mishes, scrving as aid-de-camp to Maj. Gen. He took a prominent part in the MN @, BOURKE. Black Hills expedition and the Big Horn and Yellowstono expeditions and was engaged in the capture of Crazy Horse village and the fighta on Tongue river, Rosebud, Slim Buttes and Willow creck, and waa with Thornburg’s command in its pursuit of the Cheyennos across Sand Hills of Nebraska and Dakota and was subsequently with Gen. Merritt in the rescue of the survivors of Thornburg’s command. He was recorder of the Ponca Indian commission and investigated the manners and habits of the Pueblos, Navajos and Apache Indians. was assistant adjutant general of Crook's ¢ pedition in the Sierra Madre, Mexico, in pur- suit of Apaches, and was present at the surren- der of Geronimo and his band. Subsequently be was under the orders of the Secretary of State with the International American confer- ence and since May 18, 1891, has been in com- mand at Fort Ringgold, Texas, and achieved a national reputatioa in the pursuit gf the Garza revolutionists. Capt Bourke hasflso quite a literary reputation. M, Emmet Urell,enlisted in second regiment, New York S M. (eighty-second volunteers), April 17, 1861, when seventeen years of age. His regiment sulfequently became part of the first brigade, second division, second army corps and he participated with his regiment in the first battle of Bull Run; he was pro- moted through the different grades to first lieutenant; was brevetted captain for gallant and meritorious services at battle of Fair Oaks and major U. S. volunteers for gallant and meritorious services at battles of Bristoe sta- tion and the Wilderness and received the medal of honor from Congress for gallantry in action at Bristoe station October 14, 1863, on which occasion he was shot in the right arm After serving bis taken advantage of the broken ground and stamps of trees. Luckily, none of us were struck. We gathered up our prisoners and Sage the sixteenth Georgia, which I captured, nd seventeenth Mississippi, taken by Sergt Mahoney of company A, twenty-ninth Massa- chusetts—and started for the interior of the fort, Nearthe angle of the forton the left the ditch was partly full of water, which it was neo! to pass through unless you climbed to the top and walked on the outside. I had no idea of passing through that, as the others had, so I looked about to discover some way to avoid it, A wounded confederate in the ditch was anxious to be taken into the fort, so I had him go to the end of the ditch toward the bas- tion, where the dead and wounded were piled M. EMMET URRLLL zh the body and was left on the bat- dead. Bat bi Notwith- ads he is still ant colonel, . C., and 2c second corps report “Ihe division went into act strong, lovt in killed and w and captared more prisone op the ground at the end of t many colors.” Col Fox Geuysburg the datties of the sec fering there the onflict, besides his “Regiment Losses” sars: “At | was hotly engaged in the and third days, encoun- st dgbting im its exp tthe wheat se of Pick- ch was directed against Han- The fighting was deadly in the extreme, the percentage of loss in the firvt Minnesota, Gibbou’s division, being with- eut an equal in the records of modern war- ‘In proportion to the mamber engaged the greatest loss sustained by any regiment during the war that of the fret Minnesota at Gettysburg. This regiment ‘wee then in Harrow's brigade, Gibbou's divis- ton, second cocpe. On the stternoon of the evcond day at Gettysburg the Union line was @rivem back {a confusion from its position along the Bmmettaburg road. While Hancock & second line be perceived a enemy (Willcox’s brigade) froma a clump of trees near MARTIN SCHWENE. Schwenk (George Martin), sergeant, xth United States cavalry. For rstowa, Pa, July, 1963. Schwenk ommanding oilicer to commu- troops, and finding the enemy's © between himself and the object M comp ¢ Mill: of his mission, cut his way through the line, but was not successful in fluding the sixth. He afterward extricated an odicer from the hands of the en Mr. Mar: is a resident of FRANK M. WHITMAN, Frank M. Whitman, Company G, thirty-fifth Massachusetts, received bis medal of honor for distinguished and meritorious service at the battle of Antictam, September 17, 1862. Being, in the absence on account of wounds of the officers and non-com- p E Fy i if t t i feet i E E major £ whe Ne JOSEPH 8. MANNING, in almost to the top, and clamber up and walk back along toward me.’ I threw up the flag to him and made him help me up, After reach- ing the top I had him lean on my shoulder, ex- posing him to the sight of the enemy, and when near the rifle pits at the extrome end of the fort I left him and ran for them, Gettin, in them, I waved the flag triumphantly an was cheered by our own boys and fired at by the confederates. The wounded confederate came in also and together with the other pris- oners was carried to headquarters, Gen. Barn- side complimented us, took my name and regi- ment and told me I should hear from it” FRANKLIN JOnNDR Franklin Johndro received h's medal of honor for gallantry at Chaffin’s Farm, Va. Mr. Jobndro says, in writing of the affair: ‘We had taken a of works the day before and the rebels tried to retake them the next day, but we were averso to giving them up. About noon, when we were eating lunch, the enemy began to shell us, An officer came and told us to get ready for fun, for we would have some presently, They shelled us about an hour and then Gen. Longstreet and his army came out of the woods to charge on us. To the foot of the hill from our works was a tance of about twenty rods, and from there it was up hill to the enemy. As soon as they broke over the hill we broke in on them and repulsed them by the time they got to the foot of the ill. That fire continued for about half on hour and then everything was quiet for about an hour and a half. Then they made another charge on us with about as many men again as they had the first time. We repulsed them as before. It was again quiet for about an hour. Then my captain came tome and asked me to go to the foot of the hill. where there was a little ravine, and bring some of the enemy who were there and annoying us in, I told him I did not want | to go, but if he said go should have to, He said he would not force me, but would like to have me go. Iasked him if he had requested any one else and he said ves, but no one was willing. I hesitated, but iinslly consented to go. I fixed my rifle and started over the worl and down the hill, Imade up my mind I was not afruid of the men down there, only it was the peril of going. There were about twenty sharpshooters’ guns pointed at mo and the ‘shots flew in all directions aboat me, Sometimes the balls would strike between my feet. Finally I came upon a squad of eight | men and I drove them in, andI kept driving | them in until I got forty-nine.” Mr. Johndro was captured at Fair Oaks and | was sent to Libby prison and subsequently to | Salisbury prison. While he was in prison a ‘aptuin's commission was sent to his regiment | for him, but was returned, After he got out of | prison ‘his colonel, Nichols, sent for him to | to his quarters. When he went in the | colonel said: “Jobndro, I have something for | you. (He opened the box and took itout.) Itisa| ial of honor'and if I owned it and got it in | you did I would think more of it than | Ido of the eagles I carry on my shoulders.” Following is a list of those who received medals of honor for “special under ” Wm, Pit- T, sergeant, company G, second Ohio in- Elibu Hi.’ Mason, sergeant, company w-irst Ohio; John 3. company F, twenty-tirst Ohio: mn A. Ross, sergeant, second Ohio; Martin J. Hawkins, corporal, company A. thirty-third Ohio; Daniel 4. Dorsey, corporal, compeny H, thirty-third Obio; William H. Reddick, corporal, company B, thirty-third Ohio; James Smith, private, company I, second Ohio; Samuel Robvertson, private, company G, thirty-third Ohio; Samuel Slavens, privats, company E, thirty-third Ohio; ‘Wm. Knight, private,’ company E, twenty-first Ohio; Johu A. Wilson, private, company C, twenty-first Obio; Mark Wood, privato, company “©, twenty first Ohio; Win. meiger, private, company G, twenty-first Ohio; Robert Buffum, private, company H, Gen. Mitchel, in Georgia, in 1 ten; Scott, sergeant, twenty-fret Ohio; John BR. Porter, private, company G, twenty-first Ohio; Jacob Parrott; private, company K, thirty-third Ohio; Wilson Brown, private, twenty-first Ohio; John Wal- Jam, private, company C, thirty-third Ohio. ‘The special service for which these men re- ceived the medal consisted in running o “wpecial” Union train through the heart of ‘the confederacy and they ran it with a “vim.” A DARING RAID. Many of the veterans of the Grand Army will, no doubt, remember this celebrated rail- road raid and locomotive chase, which oc- curred in Georgia in the spring of 1862 It is not unlikely that some of the survivors (and recipients of medals) of the expedition are now in the city attending the encampment, For daring of design and thrilling adventure it probably has not its equal in the annals of war, It was led by James J. Andrews, a citi- zen of Kentucky, who had previously acted as a for Gen. Buell, Twenty picked Union soldiers selected from the three Ohio ments (the second, twenty-first and thirty- third), belongiag to the brigade of Gen. J. W. Sill, "made up the complement of the com- Td men proceeded to Chattanooga,Tenn., fn detachments of three or four, representing themselves as Kentuckians on’ their way to Join the confederate army. They had douned Citizens’ attire and carried only their side arma Thence they made their way to Marietta, Ga, for the purpose of tyudy or bed train and unig it to make’ the run to Chat nooge, destroying the bridges and track and thus breaking the rebel line of communication with the south and east and placing Chatte- nooga at the mercy of Gon. Mitchell's leaving the train u: 4. The little band taking advantage of this condition of affairs ‘uncoupied a section of the train, consisting of three empty baggage or box cars, the locomo- tive and tender. ‘They boarded the train and started off at full speed before the astonished confederates could interfere. In answer to inquiries along the roud at stations at which they were compelled to they said they wee” reusing a depressed. powder train through to Gen. Beauregard. Running on the scheduled time of the train, they thus avoided collisions, Stopping frequently to tear up the track and cut the telegraph Wires, Kingston, thirty miles from the starting point, was safely reached. But here the difilcuity began. The confederates were runuing extra trains south to get everything out of the way of the ad- vancing federal forces, and they wore delayed an hour gnd five minutes awaiting tho arrival of an “extra” local divided into two sections. Meantime the confederate conductor and engineer gave chase, first on a hand car, which ran off the track at one of the breaks in the road, and after proceeding a distance on foot, on a locomotive which was pressed into service and loaded with soldiers, The captured train had only teft Kingston four minutes when the confederates arrived. Then began ono of most exciting locomotive races on record. Four miles from Kingston the captured train Was again stopped and the telegraph wire cut. A rail was loosened and torn from the track, when the whistle of the pursuing locomotive was heard. Again they moved on with light- ning speed. ‘The rebels saw the broken rail in time to prevent wreck by roversing, but they had to leavo their engine and start again on foot, Before going far they met a train that had been 4 by the fugitives at Adairsville and turned the engine back in pur- suit, dropping the cars, Tho fugitives passed an express at Calhoun and had a clear track to Chattanooga, but the pursuers wero close upon them. ‘They bad no time to stop to tear up a rail or burn a bridge. ‘The pursued then be- gan to drop their cars, which were taken up by the pursuers and pushed ahead. But the time thus gained by the former was quickly lost, as they had to stop to cut the wire after each station was passed. The federals broke out the end of their last box car and dropped cross ties on the track as they ran, thus check- ing the progress of the confederates and get- ting far enough ahead to get in wood and water at two separate stations, Several times they stopped and almost succeeded in lifting a rail, but each time the coming of the confed- erates within rifle range compelled them to do- sist. Thus pursuer and pursued sped on, mile after mile, around curves and past stations in this fearful chase for life, Hard pressed, tho foderals set fire to their last box car, and as they passed under along covered bridge un- coupled it and left it in the middie. But the confederates wore upon the bridge before the fire had gotten much headway, and dashing through the flame and smoke they drove the burning car before their engine to the next side track. The situation of the federals had become desperate. Their fuel had become exhausted at the very threshold of escape, and their engine had slowed down to 2 speed that rendered it impossible to réverse and endeavor to wreck the pursuers. There was no alterna- tive but to desert the engine, which they did, taking to the woods. A vigorous pursuit was instituted and they were all captured within a week, The whole party was held as spies, JOHN. B. VANTINO. being in citizens’ dross. Tho leader and seven of the men were tried by court-martial, con- demned and executed, Some of the others escaped, and after many adventures and vieis, udes managed to reach the Union lines, and the balance were eventually exchanged. The old soventy-fourth New York infantry (“Fifth Excelsior”), distinguished itself at Williamsburg, whero it fought in an abatis of felled timber, holding its position against the main force of the enemy, and again at Chan- celiorsville, where Gen. Berry, commanding the division to which it belonged, was killed, When the eleventh corps was driven back by Stonewall Jackson, the sccond division of the third corps took its place, which position was reached about dark. While lying there they heard firing in front and Gen, Berry asked for volunteers to go ont and locate the enemy's position. For this perilous service four men of company A. seventy-fourth New York in- fantry, Sergt Gotlieb Luty and Privates Felix Brannigan and Joseph Gion ana Sergt, Eugene P, Jacobson volunteered and ad of their own line of battle. The volunteer#di- vided themselves jnto two squads and suc- ceeded in getting close to the enemy’s line and getting important information, including the Intelligence that Gen. Jackson had been shot. The enemy were in good force and massing for attack, Just then a few straggling shots were fired. “The firo increased uutil both lines of battle became engaged, Instead of sceking cover the scouts dashed back throngh both fires and made their report. For that act the medal was awarded. It was during the first anced in front FELIX BRANSIOAN. firing that Jackson was mortally wounded, was in viow of the scouts at the time and wa between the two lines of battle also. The scouts supposed his party was a cavairy vi- dette reconnoitering. When the scouts re- ported Gen. Hooker massed artillery at this point and it dia terrible execution on Jackson's corps when it made ita desperate but unsuc- cessful attack, When they returned they were told that Gen. Borry had fol- lowed them out and was shot. Before the general died ho requested that if any of the men got back they should be rewarded for their sorvices, and, they wore accordingly all awarded medals of honor. One of’ these heroes, Capt. Brannigan, resides in Washing- ton, is employed in tho Department of Justice apdis amember of the Medal of Honor Le- = : ORLANDO E. CARUANA. Orlando E. Caruana is connected with the record and pension office of the War Depart- ment, wlicre he was found at bis desk by the writer. He enlisted in New York city in Au- gust, 1861, in company K, fifty-first New York volunteers, “Shepard Rifles.” During the battle at Newberne, N. C., March 14, 1862, the color sergeant, who was soveral yards in advance of the line of battle, was wounded and the flagstaff shot in two. Caruana volunteered with two others to go to the rescue and brought the wounded sergeant and the colors to the regiment, exposing them- selves toa very heavy fire from the enemy. Again, at the battle of South Mountain, Md, untcers, Lieut Springweiller, Sergt. Clark and Private Sheehan. Sergt Caruana was wounded on May 12, 1864, in the last charge made on the rifle pits at Spotsylvania’ Court House, Va, For his bravery on the above two THE CORPS BADGES. Designs Famillar to Soldiers Worked Out in Flowers. THE MEANING OF THE VARIOUS BADGES AND THE CORPS TO WHICH THEY BELONG—FouMs THAT WILL APPEAR ALSO IN THE ELECTRICAL ILLUMINATION. Attracting a very large proportion of popn- lar attention and calling forth loud and en- thusiastic encomiums from residents and vis- itors aro the floral reproductions of corps badges; awaited with somo impatience is the appearance of the badges which are to be constructed of electric and suitably colored lamps. The story of the floral designs was toid in Tae Stan of last Saturday, and since then their author—Mr. Brown, the public gardener—has been in constant receipt of com- pliments. PUBLIC GARDENER BROWN. Many people know that the designs, both floral and electric, represent corps badges, but have no idea which corps any one of the badges belongs to. Several other folks want to know why the same designs should nos be repeated in red, white and blue. This would be explained by ‘any old soldier—the red is worn by men in the first division, the white by those in the second and the blue by members of the third. The ninth and the fifteenth corps had four divisions; in these the additional emblems were respectively green and yellow, Ist conPs. 2p core. The badge of the first corps was properly enough the first corps badge. It isa circle, and was said to have originated with Phil Kearney, who desired to adopt some insignia which would enable him to distinguish the men of his command from all others in the army. “Phil Kearney’s patch” was the popular namo for the initial badge. Hancock's veterans wore the circle surrounded by laurel, with a wide red band vertically across it and rays about the lnrel, through which seven hands hold each a spear, the spearheads pointing] the angles of a heptagon. OA Sp corps. 41H CORPS. A simple trefoil or clover leaf is the badge of the second corps, worn generally by men who survived especially bloody service. The third corps emblem was a lozenge, and its artillery brigade had also a lozenge, but composed @f fonr lozenges, whose arrangement of colors indicated to what division a battery belonged. It was and still is worn on tbe left of the cap. 5re conrs, 6rm conrs, For the original fourth corps there was no badge, but when it came to life again in the Army of the Cumberland Gen. Thomas pro- scribed the equilateral triangle, and that is the emblem fourth corps veterans wear todas When you dee an old soldier wearing @ Mal- tese cross you aro, as a rule, looking at a man who had ninety-nine chances to die where be had one to live while he was serving wi fifth corps. It is a question as to. whe arms of the cross were originally cone straight. ‘The cross itself has properly straight lines only, and the badge is sometimes so figured. troops of the first corps joining the fifth wore the cross upon the circle, 7 “VW 8H conrs. Trm conrs, ASt. Andrew's (X) cross was the first em- blem of the fighting sixth corps. By this «ign it fought and in the end conquered until 1864; then it threw St. Andrew’s token overboard and wore the Greek cross. The reventh corps managed toget through the greater portion of the war without a distinctive badge. ‘The original corps never had one and the reorganized corps waited until June, 1865, before it adopted one—tie crescent and star. 11TH cons. 9rm conps. A six-pointed star is the outward evidence of membership in the eighth corps—the corps of Lew. Wallace and Ord. Gen. Burnside selected and made official the of the ninth It isa shield with a “9” in the center, crossed with afoul anchor (on account of service in naval expeditions) and Gannon, worn @n top or front of the hat. The artillery brigade attached wore a red shield un- der the regulation cross cannon. The shield is of plain cloth. 187m conrs. lara comps. The tohth corps managed to get along with o badge that represerrted a four-bastioned fort. Gen. Birnoy selected the design. Before the eleventh corps was consolidated with the twelfth to form the twentieth corps its badge was the crescent. ‘The twelfth corps wears the five-pointed star. ‘The thirteenth corps has no official badge,but in St. Louis, in 1887, the members of the corps adopted a flattened red, white and blue oval, in- closing a portrait of Gen. Grant, “Me badge, do ye say? There it is!” clapping | his hand on his cartridge box: “Forty rounds. | Can ye show me a bether?” Hearing of this | | incident Gen. Logan adopted the suggestion. — | ‘The device of tho sixteenth corpe'is the “A. | J. Smith cross”—a circle cut as with four min- | nie balls pointing to the center. , ® badge. | Anarrow is the seventeenth cor i In the order declaring the emblem official Gen. Blair said: ‘In ite swiftness, in ite surety of striking where wanted and its destructive power when so intended it is probably as emblematical | of this corps as any design that could be | adopted. | 247m coRPs. 23np Borrs. eighteenth corps sports a cross with equi- jiate aoe worn on the left breast. Some <. after its adoption Gen. Ord required enlisted men to weer it on the front of hate or on top of caps. A fan-leafed cross, with octagonal cen- ter, is the nineteenth corps figure. When Gen. Hooker took command of the | twentieth—-made up of the eleventh and twelfth—he gave it the five-pointed star of the twelfth. Mgn from the eleventh often wore the combined crescent and cross, Q5rH conPs. SIGNAL Cours. The twenty-first corps has no badge. The badge of the twenty-second corps is “quinquefariotts,” opening into five parts, with a circle in the center A plain shield is the badge of the twenty-third cor} vibe twenty-fourth corps badge is heart- shaped. A plain square is the distinct emblem of the twenty-fifth. MANCOCKS VETERAN CORPR. The cavalry corps of the Army of the Poto- mac has a badge consisting of gold sabers on a blue field, surrounded by a “glory” in silver. Wilson's cavalry corps wears crossed sabers upon a red Swallow-tail guidon, suspended by nine from a See a ¢ signal co as two flags crossed on tho staff of « flaming torch. If's red star appears in the center of one flag itis an officers’ badge, granted for special distinction in the service, ENGINEER AND PONTONIER CORPS, WILSONS CAVALRY The Engineer and pontonier corps are marked by two oars crossed over an anchor, its top encircled by a scroll surmounted by » castle. A pair of crossed hatchments, colored ac- cording to the division, are the pioneer corps symbols. The Army of West Virginia is decorated with the spread cagle—Gen, George Crook's idea of a proper emblem. CARUART AXD LEIDY. a Words That Can Be Sung to the “Hallelu- Jah Chorus.” HENRY B. BROWNELL. “If people will sing about O14 John Brown, there 4s no reason why they shouldn't have words with a Mttle meaning and rhythm in them.” Od John Brown les a-moldering tn the grave, Old John Brown ites slumbering in his grave, But John Brown's soul 1s marchiug with the brave, His soal 13 marehing on. Glory, glory, hallelujant Glory, glory, hallelujant Glory, glory, hallelu}ant His sou! is marching on. He has gone to beasoldier tn the army of the on Bets sworn in ass private inthe ranks of the ord— He shall stand at Armageddon with his brave old sword— ‘When heaven ts marching on. Glory, glory, hallelajan! &o. For heaven is marching on. He shall file tn tront where the lines of battle form, He —_ face to front when the squares of battle ora— ‘Time with the column, and charge in the storm, ‘Where men are marching on. Glory, glory, hallelujaht &c., ‘True men are marching’on. Ah! foul tyrants do you hear him where he comes? ‘Ab black traitors do ye know him as he comes? In thunder of the cannon and roll of the drums, Sh vege mareieee ry, glory, os ny Weallare on. Men may die and molder in the dust, M die, and arise len mi an from dust, Shoulder to shonider, tn the ranks of the Just, ‘When heaven 1s marching on. Glory, glory, hallelujah! &c., ‘The Lord ts marching on. ‘When the war broke out 269 out of 600 officers inthe regular army of the United States re- signed their commissions and entered the con- federate army, forming nearly the whole staff of thatarmy. ——__+e-_____ Postage on The Star. The ona-sixteen or twentr-page Bax istwo centa. Papers not having on thom will not be forwarded by the Post Oioe Department. NEW GUNS AND OLD. | The Huge Pieces of Ordnance Made at the ‘Weehjagton Xery Yard. HOW THE RIFLED GUNS YOR THE NEW WARSHIPS ARR CONSTRUCTED—THEIR TOWER AS Com- ED WITH THE BEST OUNS OF THE WAR—THE | METHOD OF WORKING THEM. Gunmaking has been revolutionized since you went forth to war. The ol of which you were mighty proud—and justiy Proud—ior there were not auy better in those days, would cut a aprry figure if opposed to modern guns. You remember the big fifteen- inch smooth bores made down in east Boston, and which wero considered marvels in those days; they were cast solid and then bored out. Afterward they were cast hollow, which was considered the acme of gunmaking. Then there was the Parrott rifle, which was looked Upon with wonder. At the siege of Charies- ton Gilmore mounted one of these guns in the swamp and knocked off the spire of St | Michaei’s Church, six miles away. i Pshaw! That's not a circumstance to what | we can do now, says the modera naval officer | with fine scorn, Just go down to the navy yard bere at Wash- ington, visit the great government gua shop | and see some of the big stecl beauties. A rare | sight, traly, and one that will warm the cockles | of your heart if you have a spark of the old | fighting spirit left in you. There is « thirteen- RAILROADS. rue onesy : and the Weer ney ivente | imited it bam latte. wit) SL nm For Wiltlamsnort. es ery ae axp orm LT 2 wR ATS am hale Pat! ae ‘Com hes and Dining Gar, in With Dintne Car from Ba! tty Pm. daily. for Piitledainh inch riflg there which could perforate St | Michael's or any other spire at a distance of | twelve miles. It is forty feet loug, weighs | ™ sixty tons and cost $60,000, You will also see a rapid-fire gun which can | throw a 100-pound projectile a distance of seven miles and fire fifteen of them every minut This gun is used on all modern warships. It is a breech loader, and all that 1s wecessary to | do in perforating am enemy with it is just to stand by and pull the trigger. ar-old | boy could aim it and sweep the with it by the aid of the simple mechanism. A cyiin- der attachment takes ap the recoil and one with spiral springs inside pushes out after it has been fred, The 13-inch gun fres a shell wei; smaller caliber carry shell and projecti Proportion, ‘They are all breech loaders, and the &-inch rifle will pierce a piece of steel six- teen inches thick with its projectil The guns are made of the be forged steel, The tube is farni y Pennsylvania steel works and its manufacture is supcrintended at every step by naval officers detailed for the purpose. The steel is tested and subjected to the closest inspection at every stage. HOW THE GUN Is MADE. ‘When the tube for @ 13-inch gun reaches the Washington shop it looks like an immense Piece of gas pipe. It is the same size all over and you wonder how it is ever to be made into shapely and graceful canuon, &ccompany- | ing the tube comes a stec! jacket and a number Of steel hoops, ‘The tube is put on a lathe and the interior of it smoothed out It is then stood up on one end in a great pit. The | jacket is lowered into a furnace and heated to | temperature of about 550 degrees, The heat expands the steel to a ize which will enable | it to be slipped down over one end of the tube. | It is then contracted with cold water, and to | such an extent that it claeps the tube until it bends it into fraction of an inch. The | jacket protects that part of the gan which wil | the powder chamber and incloses the sec- | tion of the gun which isexposed to the greatest | pressure when being fired, Other hoops are | in like manner shrank over the jacket aud | smaller hoops on the ‘orward part of the gun. | The gun is again put on the lathe and the | interior turned out until it is of an even smoothness, The machine which dors this | delicate work o2 the monster piece of metal can be regulated to the thousandth part of an inch. The next thing to do is to rifle the bore. It is placed in the rifling machine and grooves cut in it, which gives the rotgry motion to the projectile when fired. THE NEW AND THE OLD. The best comparison between modern guns and those that were used in the war of the rebellion is made by contrasting the old 100- pounder Parrott rifle and the new 8-inch breech- loading rifle. In the Parrott rifle the diameter of the bore was 6.4 inches; weight, 9,700 pounds; charge of powder, 8 pounds; weight of projectile, 80 pounds; muzzle velocity, 1,140 feet per | second. In the new 8-inch rifle the diameter of bore is 8 Inches; weight of gun, 24000 pounds; charge of powder. 115 pounds; weight of pro- Jectile, 250 pounds; muzzle velocity, 2,150 feet per seconds One of the most essential points of differ- ence between the old and new guns is that wow no muzzle loaders are made; every gan is loaded at the breech and the crow that works itis under cover, The difference in time of firing under these changed conditions makes one modern gun more effective than twelve old-style rittes. ‘The guns made at the Washington eho intended for use on the new warships and the mountings for them are made at the sause place. ON THE WARSHIPS, The guns are mounted in turrets—not on the open deck, as in olden times, Above the center of each turret rises a low dome, heavily armored, having small horizontal slits cut through. This dome is the conning tower in | which stands the officor commanding the the executive officer in the aftone, Near bis feot on pedestal sits the lieutenant who sights the gun. His low seat brings his eve opposite a wider slit shaped like across, His seat goes around with the turret so that he always faces the slit, which is directly over and | between the guns. ‘Alongside of this officer is adial-like valve, by which hecan lower the breech and thereby regulate the range of the and in each hand he holds what looks fitc' a ‘rubber bulb, by pressing which "he makes an electric contact that fires the gun. In this eame chamber above the guns 1s the lever that revolves the turret and is worked by | the gun pointer. This enormous mass of steel and iron can be made to revolve as fast as one revolution in forty seconds. This is sufti- ciently rapid for any emergency, since on can be discharged in one direction and within | twenty or thirty seconds the gun can be fired | in the opposite direction, The guns, of course, tara with the turret HOW THE GUNS ARE LOADED, In the loading chamber below the turret is found the machinery for hoisting the ammauni- tion to the gun. This machmery revolves also with the turret, and therefore the guns can be very important, as the turret during loading can turned away from the berg 1 and thus the which project half their length out of the varret, are protected from injary which might be inflicted upon them by the projectiies from a rapid-firing gun. For cach gun there is composed of a truck containing two cylinders, ‘one above the other. When it isat the foot of | bure daily, eacert Sundar, turret—the captain in the forward turret and | ¥ | next day. next dav. Soncers for Philgtelphia wit chance reet station, Philadelphia for Rr ‘Street ste FOR PHILADELPHIA ONLY = express, 7.50 am Goa Accommodation, 5 Qia.m. Axtty. Express 2.O1ana 5.40 pm. daily. For Boston, without change, 7 308.™. wask Avea yng tm. daily. T... all throngh trains connect at wn. N. y City with boats of Brooklyn Annex. « irect trana’ an 34,040, 11.00a.m., 22. days. and 11 a5 nn. every Ane. For, Baltimore, 840. @ 9. 7.00, 7.89, 39.00.1854. 1) 05 and YT 30am, a9, RAK. As Fan, 9.09 an 11 3am. ani 4.79 ¥ except Sunday. Nuniays. A.Oda.m. ao 20m. FOR ALEXANDRIA AND THE SOUTH. For Alerandris, 4.30.65. 74% #40, 9.43, 10.45 sgt Ol moon. Lo, ST, 597. O18. RO. 10.05 and 1 Bn, OA Sam 45. 10.45 am., 1.00, 2. it Tine soph ESS Sha TO Br ae for Waahineton, 9%. 7.9% a Hein ia Hy | . ¥ 4 S05, £05, 240. @ iSand 10'S! nd Information at the one. northeast »9°. cet'ani Pennsylvania avenge, ami et thy gcogriers ran belatt for the checkin fyation from botale ay Peaidencan <i) en 7 woop. General Manacér. fau27) General Passanger Arent. ICHMOND AND DANVILLE RATUROAD CO. Rew HUIDEKOPEN AND REUBEN POSTER, Scnennte tg ETERS. chednte in effet Sey tere aerate et acts ther 4. 1 thane a ANE omnes deems ™. loeal for Leno! Ws Seer RANE, STS FF 10a i Dally sonnacts at Tienchbame toe sl stations'sn Norfolk ant Western rativond wpa toe 3 Trearargteants gu si Pictetme ot” Aisne geipeilic hater.” Pulman Sinenwe New Fork an Rieaqer ts Now Oneann tig Mouteomer 3 a baie a rr 5 pom. Mate for pirous Tra for Front Royal Tn te bane. wa: Connects af ana Strasbare Astly, GTON AND ROT TH. ton, ‘and SHIN a SPSTPEN VESTIRULED LIMITED, compost sn Preis of Puriman Steerer. Dining, Parlor and ch ‘ara,and riunats Atlant Rleeper thronch New Orieans via Monteomers Via Birminctiam PALIN ID Delly for all principal none south on Limona and Danville system. Pullman 4 ew Wash ineton to” Hot Springs via Ashe ite, inet tn Atanta see ASHINATON ANPOMTO DIVISIO’ Jeave Washineton at 9.10a.m.. 4.30 rm. Aally. Lt ean he near Nat. Retirnine, “arive 8 p.m. Ant incton @ and aretein Sgndar. mops te and from Hero’. Thirotich trains Som ths south arrive Waahtn ted 7.008.) 1250.1. and Gan mea Bee fon, {i108 tm. and Mh pen eerayh Mat Car renorwatt ished gt nite, Ja Penmayivanie aren aph o Aa Tee, Station, Founsylvania Railroad, Washing : TROWN. General Agent Passeneer __W.A. FORK. G Stora! Paseenewe Avwme (CHESAPRARE AND O110 RAILWAY. SCHPDULT IN EPRECT JUNF 14.1999. ORR Er? Malls trom Union Station (Bani Thronch the crandeet senery tp Amerie, with: e shi'most compiote ‘SoMA Tah wares Wize eon Wain chon ~"Cincinhat! and St. Tonle Timttate ith Ai Taetyied, mew canine. elavtrtntehtet Ltmited” 9. 24d venti Cinctnnatt OF Lonvieeitia Re. aert Terineton 8.14 9, counecting in Union Dapat ' op Ate —Partees for omar, .Richsont. Waynesbor’, ant Virwinia points, cartons and tickets at Company's OMoes, m3. Penn: BAltarone & ONTO KATLROAD. Echedute in effo May 22, 1999. Leave Washington fromm station corer nt New Rerwey Sand 8.20. m.. 12 10and4 28 am. 4.31 11.05, 132, Sys points, FA.%5 "9.09 ig 00. $4, 5h OS A, 7.06, 99.40. 1D pan. -Exnrece tontns stoppin mimatval statio Sale, 845, t10.40 mn aM, Sh me NO ROYAL BLUE LIN} hhh we) ePTTA. For Philad-tohia, New York. Toston an ths av", Fe pacrargiateiphia, Wilminston and Chester, 4.99 On Thecked trom hotete: 7s com, O19 ot BST \ peabees T onftr. fem. Mamtewe, frm TY LINT. 1D WASHINGTON. TxD TRIP, a, 2. Increased freizht accovodations and quick de | very from New York a7) Philadelphia. Steamers TARE and MOS} NORFOLK AND WASHINGTON STEAMBOATOO. DAILY LINE BETWEEN WASRINGTOR, D.C, FORTRESS MONLOE ana NORFOLK, VA. ‘The new and powerfnl Irom Palace Steauners. WASIINGTON AND NORFOLK.—SOUTHROUNN, Aaty at Zn. cave Washine:on deity £m, fram foot iive at Norfolk at 70 ‘tiade for sil. po Loave Xi ckets on sale st 513, 629, 1351 and 1421 Penney for ticket vis the aah coc ust Rewlins.