Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1892, Page 11

OF THE CITY OF 8. PAULO. sh. VIEW “Titian” (Che highest in Brazil, about 2,009 N PAULO, BRAZIL. |S? occmet sey cod inmeaienly sessct bs gions in the world. "The Headquarters of the Great Coffee the city of fan Panlo, with its 60,000 inhab- Trade. . THE TRIP FROM SANTOS. conan Sena A Railway Ride Upthe Hills by = Series of Inclined Planes—Its Streets Narrow and Laid Out Without System—Its Great Uni- versity, With Its Rich Library. From The Star's Traveling Commissioner, Sax Paczo, Brazit, May 2, 1992. O VISIT BRAZIL without coming to this, the southernmost prov- ince, the great head- quarters of the coffee trade, would be ike the attempt of a traveling in foreigner to “do” the United Stafes without sseeing New York and " Washington — like the play of “Hamlet” with Hamlet left out. ‘There are two routes between Rio de Janeiro and San Paulo. One by steamer due south to Santos (the southern terminus of the United States and Brazilian Mail Steamship line from New York) and thence over the mountains, forty miles by il, or all the wav overland, 310 miles, by the Dom Pedro II, Rio de Janeiro and San Paulo the tourist, who. desires to see all he can ible time, the best way ix to go by one of the above named nd return by the other. But if time is the lover of natureand the naturalist 1 far more enjoyment—despite some and discomforts, in most » journey over unfrequented highways byways, ‘on the deck of a male. Having tried the three ways of transit we heart- ily commend the latter to. those with average powers of endurance, who can sleep securely if | need be with the saddle fora piliow and the | starry sky for a coun! ©, and who have ac- quired that cheerful indifference to puegas, poor food and other minor {lls without which ‘one has no business to be prowling about semi- civilized countries. The sea trip from Rio to Santos oceupies twenty hours, costs $20 and most of it is made within sight of the shore. Togo all the way by rail between the Brazilian capital and San Paulo takes about fourteen fa- tiguing hours and costs $29.40. HOT, DIRTY, DAMP AND UNWHOLESOME. Though of no little consequence commer- cial! being the only seaport of the > province and the second in the im the value and importance of its exports. Santos is #o excessively hot, dirty, damp and unwholesome that the quicker one out of it the better. In other parts of profane seamen are wont to char the weather ax hot as sheol, but in the wor! acterize these waters they universally swear by Santos im that ¢ of abou: snection. The town has a population ost of whom, however, reside far outh in a healthier suburb Barra (the bar), reached from the itants, lies between two small rivers, on an ele- vated plain which is surrounded on all sides by low green hills, half a day's journey from the heart of the coffee district. Its streets are narrow and rambling, laid out regardless of system or general»regularity and have pave- ments of red sandstone. Near its center isa pretty public garden with a tall observation tower, something like the Washington monu- ment onasmall scale. Tramways run to the suburbs, where are many charming country homes, a large proportion of them occupied by English, American and German families, The houses are mostly one-storied, some of them built of stone, but more commonly of mother earth, slightly moistened ard then baked in the sun. ‘The modus operandi of constructing a palace from this cheap and plentiful ma- terial is as follows: Dig down — several feet, as if you were going to lay the feundation for a mansion of stone or brick, then commence filling earth, in with moistened which THE FALLS OF PAULO APFONSO, THE NIAGARA OF BRAZIL. must be beaten hard as possible. As the wall raises above the ground a frame of planks is set up to keep it within proper dimensions, this curbing being moved upward as fast as re- quired until the whole is completed. The walls are generally of enormous thickness, and under the tropic sun soon become indurated, like one massive brick or stone, impervious alike to fire and wat When covered by aprojecting roof of tiles, to preserve the adol from the effect of rains, they have been known to stand for three centuries; and when handsomely fin- ished outside and in with successive coats of delicately tinted cement they resemble pol- ished marble,and are far more imposing than the great mass of frail structures one sees in the United-States. . 178 GREAT UNIVERSITY. The roofs of San Paulo houses project five or six feet over the street, affording cooling shade lie close at the foot of environ the crescent- "and between them a + rushes to the sea, permitti roach the wharves. At Barra the bathing facilities are exceptionally firle anfl it has become the Cape May, Atlantic City or Manhatian Beach of Brazil, thronged at all! times with health seekers. Many beautifal cot- tages ard vilias have been: built bere, mostly by residen® foreigners. ‘There is a dilapidated but picture-que fort in the vicinity, incom drives aiong the beach and in the highlands,and fine views of the broad Atlantic stretching to the horizon on the one hand and « sea of ver- dure on the other. A RAILWAY RIDE UP THE HILLS. The railway ride from Santos up the hills to the city of San Pyulo takes two hours and costs | $5. The road is forty miles long and was built | by English engineers, with English capital, and merely as a specimen of fine engineering is worth coming far to see. It climbs the sierra by four “inclined planes,” which in less than five miles overcome an elevation of 2,552 feet. ‘The wire cables are an inch anda half in diam- eter and powerful engines are located at-the top of exch incline, the steepest of which is 10 percent, the train coming up balancing that going down. The road is called the San Paulo | and has been opened about thirty years. Its | original cost was very great, running, as it does, | upon the steep flanks of valleys and up the Se a r (coast range), where the extra- ore mount of stonework was required. | Owing to the peculiar topography of the section enormous floods of rain often fall during a single storm. In order to draw of these dan- erons inundations frequent sluices are bai eneath tne roadbed and massive conduits fol- | low aloxg ike surface. Notwithstanding every Precaution destructive landslides sometimes occur and the track is constantly patroled by a force of watchers with shovels. From the sum-! mit of the Serra do Mar the scenery is superb— of cof'ee groves, emerald valleys, palms and pines, dim mountain peaks and the restless ocean; but some of it aloug the “tnctine”"—e8 you rush down awful grades wit speed the wird, apparently upheld from bottomless abysses only by a single frail cable—is too hair- Titling to be thoroughly enjoyed. OVERLAND FRO RIO. Coming overland from Rio to San Paulo you leave the former city about 5a.m. from the D. Pedro II station on the Praca da by the train marked Ramal de Sao Paulo. rminus at wing Cachoeira, where it arrives about midday, and } factory examination on the stadloo ot here you change to the meter gauge Sao Paulo | and Kio Janeiro line. The distance is 310 miles, | FROM RIO DE JAN to the interiors and protecting passers-by from sun and rain. The city bears no resemblance to any other in Brazil, but, with its white cot- tages embowered in trees, its green prairies, dotted by herds, and its background of distant mountains, reminds one of Piedmont ard Bur- gundy; ine Chinese tea that flourisl hood transport one in imagination to et in the nei ae in- terior of the flowery kingdom. In other re- spects, too, San Paulo differs from the rest of il, for its great university—the oldest and best in the country—has exercised a marked influence upon the people. The word dinheiro (money) does not sound constantly in your ears re as in Rio de Janeiro, and society has less of a commercial and more of an tellectual air. The history of this section dates back to an early period in the settlement of the new world by Europeans—to the year 1553, when some of the Jesuits who accompanied Thome de Souza, the first captain general of the Portu- guese colonies in Brazil, found their way to this lain, which they named Piratininga. They Euite «'mud but here, in which they established a school for instructing the Indians, and from that humble beginning sprang the famous college which occupies the same site. The early school happened to be consecrated on Janusry 25, 1554, the day on which the con- version of Baint ‘Paul is everywhere celebrated by the Romish church, and so they considered the apostle the special’ patron of the place and gave his name to the town and consequently to the province. The University of Sao Paulo, with ite academy of laws, has long ranked first mong all the literary ‘institutfons of South America. Its curso juridico has upward of 500 students and occupies the old Francesca con- EIRO TO SANTOS vent, the government having compelled the monks to abandon it to its present and more profitablense. The lecture a are on the first floor, the professors’ room a: Lbragy on the second, and there argample court yards wherein the students ramble and memorize their lessons by reading them aloud, and two great chapels with vaulted roofs and many moukish relies, 178 RICH LIBRARY, ‘The library of the institution contains some 10,000 volumes, mostly of the old Francescan | collection, added to by bequests of two or three defunct bishops and an occasional dona- tion from the government. To enter this col- lege a student must net be under sixteen years of age and well up in preparatory studies. He cannot advance without ba & satis the pre- ceding year and when the examinations of the fitth year. are acceptably passed the academy confers the bachelor of arts, Ever; and several interesting towns are In ¢: the course students are interrogated by three pro- for the space of twenty tes each, | Competitors for doctorate are required to + an 3 At the end of each Soerenins br cqrvet bates the oF re- Jeetion of the ancient Portuguese University of Coimbra for a MARS ‘AND ITS MOONS. To Be on View in Close Quarters Within a Few Weeks. OTHER MOONS THAN OURS. Interesting Information About the Planets and Their Satellites—Eclipses are Every- Day Affairs on Jupiter—Asteroids and Com- ote—Relative Sizes and Distances in the So- lar System. ‘Written for The Evening Star. HE MOONS OF MARS were discovered a fow years ago through the telescope of the naval | observatory at Wash- ington by Prof. Asaph Hall. He will be ac- tively interested in the | observations of that planet and its new- found satellites, which will be made in August next by astronomers all over the world. Since the discovery of the moons in 1887 this is the first opportunity afforded for examining them, inasmuch as they are so small as to be only per- ceptible at close range. When the lover swears by the earth's “‘incon- stant” satellite it never occurs to him to oon- sider that there are at least twenty moons in the solar system. Saturn alone has eight, the big- gest of them, “Titan,” being nearly twice the size of our moon, and Jupiter possesses four, ranging in dimensions upward from “Europa,” Just about as large as the orb of terrestrial night, to “Ganymede,” greatest of all known moons. The latter has adiameter of 38,4800 miles, whereas the moon belonging to this world is only 2,160 miles through. SATELLITES OF THE SISTER PLANETS, ‘Though our moon is supposed to be dead and cold, similar conditions are not assumed to | govern all the satellites of the sister planets. | Some of those pertaining to Jupiter are be- | ved to omit light of their own, showing that | they are stili hot.. However, astronomers are | usually eager to find evidence of life on other | spheres, even discovering on the earth's at-| tendant orb apparent traces of mighty works of | engineering artifice—the imagined creations of | races of beings long extinct—such as the stu-| pendous bridge that appears to span a crater of the moon volcano called ‘“Endoxus.” ECLIPSES. Eclipses are everyday affairs on Jupiter. ‘Three of its satellites are eclipsed at every rev- olution of that mighty globe, so that a spec- tator there might witness during the jovian year 4500 ecli of moons and about the same number of eclipses of the sun by moons. Un- der such conditions one would become accus- tomed to a phenomenon which occasionally ap- pals the terrestrial observer. The Hindoos, when they see the black disk of the moon ad- vancing over the sun, believe that the latter {s being swallowed by a dragon. Then they beat gongs and scream until the frightened monster disgorges his fiery mouthful. SATURN'S MOONS. One of Saturn's moons, called “Mimas,” about half the size of the earth # satellite, is so clove to the planct in its circling that it seems to cross the face of the latter at an astonishing rate of speed. Of the seven others, “Titan’ has a diameter of 3,300 miles, ‘Iapetus miles, “Rhea” 1,200 miles, “Dione” and “Tethys” each 500 miles, while “Enceladus” and “Hyperion” are very little fellows. Several of them in the sky together, with the flaming ring of stardust stretched athwart the heavens, must make a gorgeous spectacle by night on the Saturnian sphere. Through the telescope it is very interesting to watch the shadows thrown upon Jupiter by that giant planet's moons, ob- servation of the eclipses of which furnished the first data for estimating the velocity of light. TRE DIMINUTIVE MOONS OF URANUS. briel,” “Titania” and “Oberon”—which, fun- nily enough, rise in the north and set in the south. A single diminutive one belonging to Neptune traverses the sky from southwest to northeast. Neither Mercury nor Venus has any satellite. But the most interesting of all moons are the two that attend Mars, each about sixt; miles in diameter. That planet is just one-balf the size of the earth; its surface is divided into continents and sess, having as much land as water. It has an atmosphere, clouds frequently concealing its face, and its seasons are about the same as here, though the winters are colder. Because one of its moons travels around it three times as fast as Mars itself turns, it appears to rise in the west and set in the cast, while the other, really circling in the same direction at a speed comparatively slow, rises in the east and sets in the west. Thus both moons are seen in the heavens at the same time, going opposite ways. The most remarkable guess on record was made by Dean Swift, who a century before the moons of Mars were discovered, made Gulliver say of the astronomers of Lapuia: ‘They have found two satellites which revolve about Mars, whereof innermost is distant from the planet exactly three diameters of the planet: the former revolves in the space of 10 hoursand | hairs the latter in 213¢ hours.” In fact, the inner moon is 10,000 miles from Mars, whereas—the diameter of the planet being’ 4,000 miles— Gulliver's estimate would place it at 12,000 miles. For the outer moon he gives 20,000 miles for the distance, which is really 15,000 miles, Tho time of revolution for the inner moon is actually 73¢ hours, and for the onter one 30 hours. Prof. Hall has named these moons “Deimos” and “Phobos,” after the at- tendants of the god Mars, who are mentioned in Homer's Hind. THE ASTEROIDS. Hundreds of minor planets belonging to the solar system, which are only big enough for moons thongh not such, hate been discovered during the present century. They are called “asteroids,” and the three largest of them are “Vesta,”” “Ceres” and “Pallas.” Many of them are only of about the bigness of a good-sized farm. _ Life upon one of them, owing to the fop- Dleness of gravity, would seemingly be attended with difficulties. ‘One ingenious romancer has described an imaginary journey through space, in the course of which he landed upon a smali asteroid, finding it occupied by a single giant. ‘The latter being displeased with some remarks made by his visitor, kicked him off into. space #0 far that he fell within the attraction of an- other sphere. UNDISCOVERED MOONS. To solar planets yet undiscovered moons may | health belong—for example, to the mysterious “big dark sphere” beyond most distant Neptune which some astronomers assert the existence of. A similar hypothetical world, alleged to have its orbit inside that of Mercury, is “Vulcan.” Science has not accepted the latter, though two observers, Swift and Watson, working inde- pendently in Colorado @ few years ago simul- taneously declared that they ‘saw it. Watson was #0 confident of his find that he builta tunnel in the side of a hill pointing toward the su new star, with a reflector at the bottom, thinking to ‘see. the object better, From the bottom of a well, of course, one cai Poreeive the stars by day ‘with the naked eve. it this enthusiast died without prov his belief. The existence of “Vulcan” and tho “trans-Neptunian” sphere has been inferred from otherwise unaccountable rturbations of the known orbs of the solar system. CAPTURING ComETs. Pym ‘Those four vast more or less liquid and so that there cannot be any life on them. and Uranus is one-third nearer the sun than the earth is, and Mercury is less than half as far awey. s one and a quarter miles distant for un be Fg, 4 mene great Columbus. of supplies, which the natives of the Finna'ot Jamaice votcacd tole hie bares Be- that the: to to whatever he chose to demand’ —— WAYS OF KIOWA KIDS, Something New That is Werth Seeing at the National Museum. HERE HAS BEEN NEWLY PLACED ON exhibition at the National Museum a giass| Been Defeated by the Chairman's Incapac- case containing a group of Kiows children &}| !ty—Some Interesting Reminiscences. play, which is to make part of the show of the bureau of ethnology at the Chicago fair. For many reasons the Indians of this tribe are the most-interesting of North American aborigines. Belonging in the middie of the plains of the great west, whence Uncle Sam took them not Jong ago and placed them on a reservation, they have always been surrounded by # cloud of mystery. They had no kinship with other savage nations in their neighborhood; their language and mythology were peculiar to them- selves, and nobody has ever been able to guess where they came from originally, Whereas, other tribes have adopted more or less of the ways of the pale-faces, they are living to all in- tents and purposes as they were 400 years ago, at the time when Columbus landed. LITTLE GIRLS AND THEIR DOLLS. Two little girls are seen going out to play. One of them carries her doll in a cradle on her back, just as the Kiowa woman carries her baby, | while the other has a “doll stick” in her hand, with several small dolls of both sexes riding astride it, ‘The latter holds in her other arm a little coyote pup, which will grow up some day cod baler nat the Ciake ein iene tepee, copied in every detail after “the typical native dwelling, even to the furniture inside, It corresponds to the doll house which little white ‘lg amuse themselves with. There is a bed inside, made of sticks sewn together, like a ham- mock set upon legs. AND THE Boys. Peeping around from the other side o” the tent to see what mischief he can do is » small boy about five yeirs old, whose mother has dressed him up in all the toggery of # miniature warrior. Two bigger boys are talking together, on their way to play the great ‘Kiowa’ game of “chungkee.” This game is played between different clans and is very spirited. Each player is armed with a long, light pole. The contend- ing parties go to some level piece of ground known as the “‘chungkee yard,” where they ar- range themselves in two lines, as people do in dancing the Virginia reel. One of the boys has wooden hoop, across which a coarse network of rawhide is stretched. At a signal he rolls the wheel as swiftly as he can between the lines of players and all run at once and throw their spears at it. Those spear which pierce the rawhide network count according to the near- ness of the mesh through which the pole is stuck tothe center. At the end of the game the points on each side are counted up and the contest is decided accordingly. A great deal of betting indoneat “chungkee.” dians are great gamblers, and the Kiowa riors will wager their ponies, canoes, cloth- ing and even their wives on the’ result of the struggle. The winners are brought home in triumph and a big feast is held. —_>—_ WHAT BRUSHES ARE MADE OF. All Sorts of Queer Materials Used th Their Manufacture. 66J)™ You EVER SEE A BRUSH OF ‘spun glass?” asked a profeasor of physi- eal science of a StaR reporter. ‘Here is one. It is for use where acids are employed that would eat up any other substance. Bless you! the materials of which brushes are made are in- numerable. Among other things they are manufactured out of whalebone, horn, wire and the quills of feathers, The quills and the whale- bone are split for the purpose and the horn is softened, rolled out flatand broken into threads. Ever #o many animals contribute their hair for brushes. Bears’ far, being coarse and stiff, makes the best varnishing brushes; brushes for gilding and graining are made out of badgers’ hair and a part of the hair inside of every cow's ear is utilized for lettering brushes. “The squirrel, the goat, the horse, the bear, the camel, the’ sable and even the G supply material for brushes, Some of it is very valuable, three or four ounces of selected camel's or sable’s hair being worth #100. For artiste’ 4 ” the hair of the ichneumon and the finest of that which grows within the cow's ear are employed, but the best and most costly of such exquisite brushes are manufactured from the long hairs of the sable’s tail. How- ever, notall of these beasts put together con- tribute so importantly to the brush making in- dustry as does the hog. The hoga of Russia and Poland afford the chief market supply of bristles for the world, the crop. being gathered at regular intervals, Of the product the whitest and best bristies are utilized for tooth brushes and paint brushes. “In the manufacture of artiste’ pencils the delicate hairs employed are first washed, dried, combed, sorted and arranged in bunches of the desired 'mzes. Each bunch must be formed #0 as to havea sharp point when it is wet. Very delicate manipulation is required in this werk, which is always performed by women and elul- dren. Each bunch is fastened and drawn through the large end of a quill until the irs project sufficiently from the other end. The quill, having been soaked beforehand in hot water to enlarge it, shrinks enough on dry- ing to hold the brush scarey. For this pur- Pose quills from geese, turkeys, ducks, pigeons, quails, larks and other birds are used. : “Among the vegetable materials used for making brushes are cocoanut fiber, old rope and the roots and fibers of many tropi plants; also ‘broom corn,’ rattan and ql ses thssiic i insen A NATURAL MISTAKE, He Had an Expansive Ear for Wagner's Music, From the Chicago Tribune. The great bell in the clock tower o? 9 neigh- boringchurch pealed the hour of noon. As the sound of the last stroke vibrated through the air the hush of expectancy that had per- veded the modest little parlor was broken by the entrance of the bridal part It was no fashionable wedding. No costly hat-house exotics provided with lavish hand made the air heavy with their perfume. No richly attired leaders of upper tendom gave ta the ocension the eclat of society event, ‘The bridal party consisted merely of the bride and groom. Yet this pair had bright expectations. Youth, peel paid es a oe aan young man in moderate circumstances. but with « g00d business position and the certain prospect of advancement, the proud and happy groom felt upon his arm the soft presmure of the band dearest to him in all the ‘world. and exulted. {And upon the fair face of the bride there was & look of pride, of trustfulness, of timorous joy that almost wholly neutralized the conventional hue of blush pink which characterized the end of ber nose. | Theee two eae eee eore unreasoningly, absurdly, ridic + The fow yet solemn words, that made them one had ‘The neighbors and friends who had witnessed the ceremony had crowded about them and offered the sincere congratulations and good wishes that from the heart and mcan far more than the formal lip service of the curious, critical spec- The customary touts had heen thet ond ahve tearn anc evay andthe young husband turned os “Darling,” he said, “it was a pleasing. eur Where are the musicians Tausicians, “Don't pretend innocence, Mable, The mu- the | sicians that have been playing vera oe| COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN * |IMPORTANCE OF THE PLACE, ‘The Selection Should-Be Made With the Greatest Care—Many Candidates ve Written for The Evening Star. EFORE THE IssUE of this number of Tue Evenmo Stan is laid readers the conven- tion at Chicago will have completed its ~ labor and adjourned until 1896, The nomi- cepted by the masses of the democratic party apd the work of the canvass will have been begun to end on the 6th day of November next, and on the 7th of November the will of the people will have been manifested at the ballot box, and then will begin the conjectures and the labors to secure the offices, for which there will be no lack of applicants. The first step toward the organization for the campaign is the formation of the national committee which will conduct it. It is not unlikely that Senator Brice will be his own ‘successor. Whoever should obtain that position has, in a great measure, the success or defeat of the candi- date committed to his management of the campaign. More than one defeat has resulied from the action or non-action taken by the committee as controlled by the chairman. The chairman of the national committee is gener- ally chosen as the representative of the can- didate nominated and for his knowledge of the political situation of the country, that that knowledge may be made available in the cam- paign. Mr. August Belmont presided over the national democratic committee for several years. Judge Sanford E. Church occupied that Position in the campaign of 1868, and Mr. Au- tus Schell succeeded him in 1872, the un- fortunate campaign in which Mr. Greeley was the candidate. It soon became apparent that Mr. Greeley could not be elected, but Mr. Schell, up to the last hour of the campaign, never wavered in his devotion to the cause, and within the last few days of the election honored all drafts upon the committee from his personal means, for the contributions wero neither very large nor frequent. AN UNFORTUNATE SELECTION. ‘The unfortunate selection of the chairman of the democratia committee in 1876 tended to, if it did not really wreck the campaign, and at the meeting of the committee after the cam was over, in February, 1877, Mr. Hewitt was deposed and Mr. W. H. Barnum was elected in his place. The reluctance with which Mr. Barnum accepted the honor and the labor was only overcome by the desire expressed by Gov. Tilden that be should assume the position. How ably he filled it is testified by the repeated re-elections of him that followed, and only when his health was so seriously impaired was he al- lowed to lay down tht official burden, In 1880, at Cincinnati, when Gen. Hancock was nom- inated, he went to one of the general's friends and managers of the campaign at Cincinnati and tendered his resignation, saying he pre- sumed Gen. Hancock would like to have a closer friend in that position, and ex-Senator Wallace of Pennsylvania wae tamed for the place, bat when the committee met im New York Gov. Tilden advised against any change, and with the understanding that Mr. Barnum was agreeable to Gen. Hancock he made the large contribution of $60,000 to the campaign funds Mr. Bar- num was not responsible for the unfortunate conclusion of that camps ‘There were two fatal mistakes, if they can be #o called, first, the Morey letter, votched for by Mr. Hewitt to be a genuine one and in the handwriting of Gen. Garfield, and the equally fatal letter, a ver brief one, written by Gen. Hancock on the tarii at the suggestion of the late Gov. Randolph of New Jersey. The first was soon proved to be a forgery and the forger arrested. The recoil was terrible in its effects upon the party, which had taken the opinion of Mr. Hewitt of the genuineness of the letter and bad sent thou- sands of them through the country in fac simile. The second letter, which appeared in the New York papers only a short time before the elec- tion, written without consultation, lost Gen. Hancock his election. In 1884 Mr, Barnum still retained his position as chairman of the democratic national commit- two and was, as always, very efficient. He had, besides other aid, the advico of Gov. Tilden, who took an active interest in the campaign. One of the secrets of the convention of 1884 was unrevealed until deaths of Mr. Dani. Manning and Mr. Sami. J. Randall removed the necessity of withholding the incident, SAM RANDALL DECLINED THE NOMINATION. On the morning the nomination of Cleveland was made, somewhere between 2 and 4 o'clock, Mr. Manning sent for Mr. Saml. J. Randall and told him he was authorized to offer him the nomination. He said the situation had been thoroughly canvassed and the conclusion reached that he could win. Mr. Randall de- clined, as the split in the Pennsylvania delega- tion would prevent his getting the full vote of the state. When that objection was argued against and the assurance given that the state would accept him he said he had no means to conduct a canvass and. he was told that Foald be provided by the ational committee, but he wasimmovable and the nomination of Cleveland was reluctantly agreed upon. After Mr. Cleveland's election Mr. Randall was sent for to visit “Greystone,” the residence of Goy. Tilden, and he found ‘Mr. Cleveland there, and the proffer was made to him of the Secretaryship of the Treasury, which he de- clined, though urged. by Gov. Fiiden to accept it, He returned to New York at about 5 in tI afternoon and had hardly reached the New York Hotel when a telegram from Gov. Tilden came asking him to return. He did so at once, and with some additional reasons from the governor and Mr. Cloveland for his nce and finally declined. He returned late that atmo night and remained, as we all know, on the outside of official life, ‘The nomination of Mr. Cleveland at St.Louis was so entirely onesided Idid not attend the convention. “Mr. Barnum’s health had become so imy he desired to retire from the chair- ted to at the meeti of the committee and was at the buil daily while in New York, Gen, Calvin Brice as he to go home, ding and suffer- ing from ck welch bot coun” fer died, and he was by no means sure of bis own state, but he did carry it by a few hundred only, ‘The lose of two t members of the dem- 1, Gov. slish ut will be severely felt if the contest be at all close. THE SYMPATHY FPR MB. BLAINE. The incident which lends a sad but pleasant to the Chicago convention, and ex- ite eo truly the sympathy which fills the hearts of all mankind in the presence-of such a calamity as has fallen on the late State, must have been his afffiction. in the state rR le Hi cid before its thousands of | convention, many of the de! | them, came here to see the Pregide’ to advise him of their coming, | his cabinet and take as his official advivers those whose views were more in symy convention just adjourned. was expected of him and he acaui him what ced in the that great meeting. they desired, ‘now that he had a party at his | back” and in his speech in repty to the address de- livered by the committee onvention. platform passed at che ional Infelligencer, which alwavs submitted to the President the ed ls which undertook to j speak for him, announced the coming changes | in the eabinet, bat, alas, they never came! His troubles | had in bit | moval by impeachment. Guosts OF THE PAST. Looking back through the long past since | first took an interest in politics a list of dis- | ventions comes up from memory like the ghosts jin Richard IIL” Mr. Clay's “Alabama letter | caused his defeat, Mr. Van Baren’s friends because of the two- | third rule which prevented his nomination by a majority in 1844. Gen, Scott was defeated by the letters written by Alex. H. Stephens, Robt. Toombs and others of the south who distrusted him on the slavery issue and by his own letters speaking of the “sweet Irish brogue” and “the hasty plate of soup.” Mr. Buchanan was elected by Forney’s manipulation of the American party and Mr. Fillmore defeated by hi acceptanee of ‘& nomination from the same party. In 1860 the disasters to the nominees of the democratf rty, Douglas and Breckinridge, were mani- fold and were due to the dondition of the coun- try on the slavery issue. In 1864 Gen. Me- Ciellan had never for a moment a chance against Mr. Lincoln, any more than Seymour had against Grant. ‘Horace Greeley when he failed to carry North Carolina in August lost any chance he may have had. In 1876, when democratic party in the House and Senate consented to raffle for the presidency with a certainty of defeat and decide the result against the protest of Mr. Tilden, the result was what might have been expected. In 1884 Mr. Blaine lost the election by a series of events occurring on the eve of the election, among which was Mr. Burchard’s unfortunate “three R's.” In 1888 that result was occasioned by the dissatisfaction of the democratic party with the administration. As history repeats itself, come incident, however trivial it may be, may decide the result in the present canvass, Nous verrons. One of the causes of Mr. Van Buren’s defeat, and, strange as it may seem in this age, it was nevertheless very patent, was the speech of the Hon, Jack Ogle of Pennsylvania exposing the living in the White House. This speech was published by thousands, and I found some time ago in the National Intelligencer the speech in full, filling many columns, with the vouchers, showing what had been paid for wines, brandy, cigars, flowers, vases, table orna- ments and, above all, the gold spoons used at the table of the President, “while you, my fellow citizens, are content to eat your fragal meals with pewter spoons, the President of the United States, aping the ‘royalties of Europe, eats with gold spoons.” That is about the style of the speech, but the country was sufferi under a terrible financial struggle, and it great weight. It turned out the spoons were only gold plated, but there was no time for explana- tion, nor was the country ina condition to re- ceive one, and Ogle’s speech did its work most effectively. A FIRE IX THE SEWARD MANSION. Among the disasters recalled by the recent terrible affliction which has fallen on the late Secretary of State, Mr. Blaine, and which are attributed to the ill luck of the house he occu- for ita timely discovery would have resulted fatally to many of its inmates. In the winter of 1868, I think it was, Col. Robt. Morrow, one of the secretaries of ‘the President, and myself were returning from an entertainment, and as we passed Gen. Seward’s house, the house recently occu ied by Mr. Blaine, eervant rushed out crying fire. We entered and found all the lower a of the house filled with smoke from a fire which had broken out un- der the stairs, then in the main hall as you en- tered it. A lady visitor was at the hb of the stairs screaming, and the household had been aroused. The arrival of some gentlemen—among them was Mr. Joseph Sessford, then treasurer of the National Theater—and with a supply of water fortunately at hand the fire was extin- |, but not until it had near; jurned ‘through the main. staircase. It seemed to have been kindled by an incendiary, but what the in jigation revealed I do not re- member, and only the allusions to the sad fate of so many of the occupants of the house re- called this incident. It is spoken of as being the residence of Mr. John C. Spencer when the news reached him of the death of his son, Midshipman Philip Spen- cer, by hanging, on the brig Somers, com- manded Wy Alexander Slidell McKenzie. for mutiny. house was then occupied by Mra. Latimer, and Mr. Spencer, Secretary of the ‘Treasury, boarded there. About the same time Hamilton Fish of New York, then a member of } Congress, and others of distinction had their rooms in the same house. Mr. imag a to me an ——— which shows: el condition of Washington since those days, nearly fifty years cgo. Mr. Fieh had dined with Mr. Clay and some other gentlemen at the National Hotel, and on his way back to his quarters at Mrs, Latimer's — he reached ee —— was Lam ageeeming hillock, which he mounted, But thcMhitlock “rose and he found it was cov, which was slumbering y at the door of the hotel. That spiteful critic of Washington life, De Bacourt, the French minister, said all the inhabitants kept cows and they milked them on the sidewalk, and probably this was one left over. joux F, Corie. ig aah ete ‘From Peterson's Magazine. A crude young bud on a dent ‘A'wandering sunbeam hear it,” ‘The south wind croons a low sweet tune, The shadows lean to hear it. A sudden fush on the floweret’s face, A thrill through its leaves repose; A warmer ray, & bol bloom, the'full der touch— al Ted rose! A falr girl face, with brow thereon a sweet dreams lie sleeping, ‘yee Aiied to the brim with questions aby, unstained by weeping; did, however, and when they came he | * ity? And « trintt Tn 1866,on theadjournment of the Philadelphia stem, fo: preceded them : ~ And I felt convinced thxt he would reorganize | “ister, given in marriage? And do not be ‘ a ding banquet wot! sentiments expressed in the revolutions pasceday "8 bang | + He said he would do as | Ted with the berries appointed to | to fi visit him he indorsed fully the resolutions and | flection consisten The Na-| rable, as Vishna him: 1 | bad _a birth among the asters to the nominees of the respective con-| that the Olym; | Gen. Cass was defeated by | | Yase of nestarand this ruby beverage of the | | extravagance of the President and his mode of | lifted — here on Lafayette square, is one which but | | its origin ‘Tales of the Flower That Crowns the Meath af MYTHS OF THE ANCIENTS CONCERNING THIS QUEEN OF FLOWERS—ROMANTIO TALES OF THE MIDDLE AGES—-THE ROSE WHICH WASHINGTON PRODUCED—WHEN ROSES WERE OUT OF FARIION. HERE ARE SOME VERY FAIR AND of | F distinguished presences with us jast now, whore brief stay is alveady drawing to ite close, tion. They are the roses. Besides, strawberries and roses! What other month than June can offer so deleotable # trin- they surely form, as much as do thewhamrocks’ leaves radiating from ope not strawberries and roses found growing within the arctic circle? and is m feminine Icolen.ior, as well as her sout! “, strawberries and roses all blush beneath the thy with the | equatorial san. re they too, since what wed- be complete if it were not d fragrant with the roses, Brides, strawberrice and roves, but the great- est of these—but perhaps it wouldn't be loyal ish the sentence. Nor could ont upon re- do it, since they are inseya- Af, lord of the world and od of life, it will be temembered, found bis ride, Pagoda Siri, in the heart of a rose. OF ANCIENT LiNzaaR. That the rose is an old, old resident of the Complemenis abinet those who sympathized with | ¥Tld is evident from the fact that its namecan | back to the Arabic; but jast how the queen of flowers originated is nobso clear, and that it ds and goddewes of Olvmpus is highly probable from the variety of myths that clasier about it; but it is to be feared pian newsgatherers must have colored the real facts of the case with their own personal views, since uo two accounts seem to agree. |The point upon which there seems to be a more geueral concurrence is that the first rose was white and sprang from the blood of Adonis, the comely lover of Veyus, but as to the red | rose there isa vastly divided opinign, some | saying that it was produced one day when Venus | trod upon a white rose and its thorns piercin her flesh her celestial blood thereupon. tinged the snowy flower with red and gave it thence- forth and forever more its color and perfume, | while another quite as authentic account avers that the first red roses were made one time when Cupid enthusiastically treading an Olympian measure (he wasa dancer, it seems, like the modern Lotharios), accidentally overturned a gods thus set free fell to the earth upon a Barden of white roses and tinged them red. This same Sir Cupid, like all gay young notables, has all sorts of conflicting gossip re- tailed about him, for there is still another tale which says that all roses were white till the enamoured Cupid once upon a time playfully held a white rose next his sweetheart Psyc! cheek, thereupon changing the tint of all suc- ceeding generations of this flower. Though Cupid is still with us aad is the one be- ing who could set theee mooted matters straight. | he does not seem inclined to do so. We can hardly blame him, though. for being reticent concerning his old love affairs, for we are all that way too, After one bas reviewed the situation and about decided to pin his faith to one of these accounts it is a little perplexing to come across an old legeud which says there were no roses whatever till a beautifal Jewess, brought to the stake through the rlanders of a rejected suitor, |some proof of her innocence be vouchsafed, whereupon the fagots about her became a bed of roses, those already burning the red and the unkindled the white. A MATTER OF LOCAL PRIDE. But, be all this as it thay, there is one thing that is certain, and that is that one of the pret- tiest of all the roses, the American Beauty, had right here in Washington, for it sprang up uninvited in Mr. Bancroft’s rose den out on Lafayette square. It is a credit to Washington, toc, with its beautiful rosy red petals, taper bud, long, stiff stems and shapely thorns, and to American femininity, for whom itis named. Didn't some one once write a verse which ran: **A rose th little ee ee It is easy enough to rave that so as to read “American air,” and then we have on our own soil the rose, the girl and the poem—three synonyms identical in meaning. It would not appear from examining an American Beauty rose with its peculiarly cruel thorns that the millenium was immediately at | hand, for it is said that in the first paradisical | days following the creation, when there was | neither sin nor sorrow, the roses were all thornless. This’ discovery is something of rebuff, too, to one's hopes, as many of the ‘‘new” roses which pre- ceded the American ‘Beauty ‘were. ‘p tically thornless and to have one's optimisti€¥visions thus banished is discout in the extreme. ‘The homeopathic school of medicine has al- ways prided itself on the mildness and \t- ness of its prescriptions, but how many knew that the first a was a rose draught—homeopathic administered on the principle of like cures like, to cure the in~ igestion following on a banquet wherein rose- leaf pudding was one of the items of the menu. It was a last resort, too, for a rose beverage, supposed to be a spur to digestion, went along with the rose-leaf pudding, but this failing the rose dranght was into requisition. ‘The shade of n laurels. This was back in the days of that gay and sociable gentleman Nero, who, at least, had one good point in his fondness for roses, this pen- chant carrying him so far on one occasion as to run him indebt tohis florist to the tune of ny re ‘as it sam, = ima aeeaaaes ‘Ree ee epee ee) cs + foun sprays of rose while jung Up sprays WHEY ROSES WERE OUT OF FASHION. There was once a time, though. in the world’s history when roses were out of fashion. Let us reflect on it and be thankful hat we did not live then. It was when Rome came into the control ofthe early Christian fathers, who were 60 it on a regime it Soe they ba: everythii remo’ hinted of them, even fora tiste the innocent Tosea, ° If those old Romans could go into such ecsta- what wouldn't Marechal Niels | cies over the roses of that i i if 4 if if | E i 5 & & 3 i i | I & i i t Eeall iit symbolizes fo doverve a respectful | Tye emeral Thetr Legends and Their Mystories—Meating Properties. Prom the Figaro. ‘The father of jewelry was Promethens When he was cut loose by Hercules from the chains that fastened him to Mount Caucasus be made & ring out of one of the links of his fetters, and in the bezel of it he fixed a portion of thetock. According to Pliny, that was the first ring and the first stone. Hebrew tradition says thut the tablets of Moses were of sapphire. Hebrew the word sappir means the most beautiful. 18 loyalty, justice, beauty and nobility. \d is mentioned by St. John in his | Apocalypse. An emerald of inestimable value | ornamented the bezel of the ring of Polycrates, | King of Semos. That monarch. having been all his life favored by fortune, determined to put his luck |toasevere test, He threw the ring inte the wea, The next day he went fishing. Tae record ihe | of that day's sport still remains unbroken. His { majesty caught a fine fish, and in the inside of | the fish he found his ring. That happened in |-the vear 230 ef the foundation of Ko | the ring, considered as @ talisman, was among ihe royal t the Ter oncord. Emeralds Peru are the most valuable tints and their luster they are c! sines, Neronianes and Domtianes. to Nuetonias, Ne ured to look gladiators in’ hi: The diem of chari dance. It by appli- had the reputatic pilepey cation and of being an A pain killer. The diamond has always been regarded as the most prec a bodies. The Pe f astonishing virtu Tt became | his enemies and would have exulied in hie re- | be traced through the English, past the Greck, | #lmost black, when the Hebrows were ina stato ure, of mortal xin. If the guilty deserved death it pecame red, but in the presence of innocence | it came back to its origina purity and brilliancy. i | Rucs assures us that diamonds breed, and that | a certain princ | had two which had a fom | reasonable tion is also mo was repuied the c ting anne e by Boethius. The diamond & preserver against os and potsons, It calms anger and foments co | jogal love. “The uncientscalled it “the rtone of rec ation. It symbolizes constat strength and innocence The name of the precious the ring of Giyges has not been us, but it ix probable whose wonders Philostrat in The same intere inseried im the flery Queen of Ethiopia, ‘This ¢ first talismans that Thea- genes in Egypt. The topaz at present symbolizes Christian virtues, faith, justice, teraperance, gentle ‘One of the rarest Most pre ones ix the carbuncle, which is thn founded with the ruby, from which it differs by the in- tensity of its’ fires, produced by an internal luster of gold, der the purple of the ruby there only appear dottings of azure or lacquer. Ethiopia produced the most precious ancient carbuncles. The Chaldeans rogurded this stone as a powerful taliaman. Legend makes the eves of dragons out of carb: Garcias ab Horto, phyrician of roys of India, speaks of cnr saw in the palace of that prince which were #0 xtraordinary in their brilliancy that they seemed “like red-hot the midst of dark- ness.” Louis of Pegu wore an enormous | Spbeared to be lighted up wit virtues of the carbuncle aren | her dark eves to heaven and implored that |"! t when it contains v that history ih of Austria, mont virtues attributed to rul 0 repress luxury and to drive away annoying thoughts, At the sme | time it symbolizes cruelty, anger and carnage | as well as boldness and bray A change im its color announces » calamity, but when the trouble is over it regains its primitive luster. The amethyst, so c from the Greek amethustos, meaning “not drunk.” was a favor- ite stone among the Roman ladies. Its princi- virtue was to draw away the vapors of inebriety from the brain. It also drove away evil thoughts and attracted to its possessor the favors of princes. The opal, fallen from its an today called an unlucky sto: are to banish sadners. | beld # high rank tumong precious » belief that it attracted misfortune wax ona Russian legend whi France. The Empress Eugenie had a horror of ano Atsight of one in the Tuilleries she manifested terror. That had the effect of low- ering the price of the stone. The turquoise fs considered asa talisman im Persia, ite native soil. It preserves ite pos sessor from accidents and insures affections. The value of the tw on its shade and its size, a ness, Those classed as belonging to the old rock are valued very highly. Emblem of youth, of sentiment und tender recollections, the turquoise may be called the forget-me-not of stones, It brenks on the death of ite pro- Wietor and changes color when he is ill fove ation is perfectly true and is certified | to by all lapidaries. ‘The same thing bas been | remarked of coral. “Not only do precious stoues liv says Jerome Cardan, **but they are liable to get sick, to suffer from the infirmities of old age and at last to die.” The most precious of all stones, according to Dr. de Lignieres, ix the jade, on account of ite rarity, its extraordinary qualities and the mys- tery of its cutting. It was regarded ax a xacred stone and nobody had a right to pomess it ex- cept a prince of imperial blood. | Argeritis Cla- sician in Amsterdam at the published a work om stone, as it was then mn the renal xye- ian authors spoke tem. of the jade as osinda and dincusse At the «ame period I specimens of jade are extremely rare, and the world is at a loss to know how the Chinese managed to cut it, because it is #0 extremely hard that nothing can make an impression upon it. Splendid «pecimens of gray and green jade oom be sone bs Wagldbiproons of Wao Thaecheos In conclusion Dr. de Lignicres admits the possibility of the soundness of the theory that fous stones may have healing properties. Viigh scientific authority, he sy ‘extab- lished beyond dispute the reality of an action, vis, virtus or vita, exercised by a great number of precious stones, leaving out of the question the influence of imagination and all the phe- nomena of auto-suggestion. i h | i 3 il i | é I E é i ef ef Vi HY I ry i work and the image de- of ite ek let Go let greet wal and are now regarded es of + 2 eee - (‘Te Forget. Some Excuse. —Yabsley—"J am pained to one