Evening Star Newspaper, November 28, 1891, Page 10

HOW A BULLET FLIES. The Greoving of a Rifle and What It Does. WHAT IS MEANT BY DRIFT. The Philosophy and Genesis of the Rifle— ‘The Advantage of Having a Projectile Spin—Caroming Against the Air—Indiuns Who Understood the Principle. Written for The Evening Star. P WE LOOK INTO THE BARREL OF A rifled gan we will see a number of spiral grooves, equi-distant from and parallel to each other, reaching almost fromend to end of the barrel. The number and form of these grooves and the number of times they turn im the Darral are different in different systems of rifling. These grooves are designed to cause the projectile to rotate on its long anzis as it passes slong the barrel on its way out. The rotary motion which a projectile may be thus caused to take makes practicable the use | ofan elongated missile, which may be shot | much farther with the same propelling force | than a sphere of the same material and weight, principally because it opposes less surface to the impact of the air in front of it in propor- tion to its weight, and consequently meets with less resistance in its forward flight, as may readily be demonstrated by applying an equal projecting force bebind a cubical block of oak and an arrow containing the same ainount ‘of wood. It may be well to state, by way of explanation of terms, that when the upper portion of a horizontal projectile or the nearer portion of a vertical projectile is turning from right to left the projectile is said to be rotating in the direction of such turning, and vice versa. wary MADE 70 ROTATE. The principal object sought in imparting the rotary motion to an elongated projectile is to keep the projectile point foremost during its entire course. The philosophy of this is the same as that which explains the maintenance | by a spinning top of the upright position, | namely, that no portion of it is exposed toa preponderant influence of gravity long enough ‘at any one moment to be very materially af- fected by that influence. ‘If one portion is heavier than another, or when for any reason the center gravity falls on either side of the vertical axis of rota- tion, the instant the top tends to fall the is greater than that on the left has a tendency to rise, or rather to resist fall- ing, because the friction on the surface of lower half is greater than on the upper The resultant of the two forces is to divert the projectile diagonally upward to the left and by the sustaining influence to contribute to an ex- tension of ite flight. The excess of frietion on the right half is due to the following con iitions: First, The projectile 80 soon as it leaves the gun begins to descend bodily under the in- fluence of gravity, and, asin the case of base ball, this falling through air && ing upward past it. To be sure this current is not much, but like Tybalt's wound, “It is enough.” Second. The surface of the right side of the Projectile is rotating downward this current, the surface of the left side in the same direction as the current. The point greatest friction between the surface of the rojectile and the air is at the lower part of the [ower right hand quadrant, and t of least friction the upper left-hand rant, as appears by figure 6. added. This is the gular exposure of under side of the projectile to the atmospheric resistance in the Enos te flight. While an bey ers cylinder having the ro- tation from left to right drifts to the lefta pointed one drifts to the right. Thi there is less surface on th by friction than on the other part, and the oint therefore does not drift off to the leftas fast as the butt. The missile therefore points to the right and the atmospheric resistance to ite flight being ter on the left side than on the right forces it over to the right. Pan >) m= ‘he 2 ‘When the gun is fired at an elevation another ‘“# cause of on lower side for a time FF With a rotation from right to left all the phenomena would be reversed. All other phenomena connected with drift or any other aberration in the flight of rifle projectiles, due to the motion of the pro- jectile, may be rationally accounted by an ap- Plication of the foregoing principle of friction. All of these principies are well illustrated in the actions of the spinning top, by which it is | not only kept from falling, but, when not up- right, is propelled in a circle in the direction of the rotation of its lower side and ultimately forced into a vertical position. The reasons why it is kept from falling have hereinbefore been stated. The reason why it is propelled in a Rms wp becomes uj it will sufficiently appear with the aid of fol- lowing diagram in which the relations of the point of the top to the fulcrum or substance on ion is whirled around to another point, ‘and so ad infinitum. One of the best explana- tions of this phenomenon was that of the boy who when asked why u top maintained the up- Tight position while spinning replied: “The Gurned thing can't make up ite mind which way to fall” ‘As it is impracticable to obtain projectiles of equal density in every part it follows that where here is no rotation the heavier portions oppose the influence of gravity stronger than the lighter; they acquire more momentum from the force of the exploding powder and more ‘easily overcome the opposition of the air. In nce of these conditions, and of the in- fluence of air currents, the non-rotating pro- jeetile shortly atter leaving the gun generally tumbles in an erratic manner. But when the projectile, by means of the spiral groove afc is caused to revolve on its long axis (see figure) no portion of it is atany one time exposed at any part of its rotating course to the jntluences mentioned long enough to be predominantly sted upon at that point Hence, for does not the same reason that the spinning fall, it maintains its original rela- to the axis of the bore so long as a high velocity, except so far as influenced by the friction of rotation, as hereinafter advanced. attained by the rotary Another advantage motion is that it facilitates the progress of the through the air or other opposing ia, on the same principle that an awl may be more easily p into a piece of wood by it around than by the application of = like force with suck lateral motion. The rotary motion further contributes to lengthen the flight through a principle which will be consid- ered further on under the head of “Drift.” The practicability to u-e elongated cylindrie cal projectiles makes unnecessary the use of spherical missles, the attendant disdvant of which led to the rifling of firearms. The principal fault in the spherical cannon shot it the hability of such shots to curve in conse- quence of receiving a rotary motion. This Fotary motion is due principally to the fact that the spherical shot is necessa-| rialy smaller in diameter than the diameter of the bore of the gun. When in its course out- ward it bounds one side of the bore near or at the muzzle the portion of the shot which touches the gun is to acertain extent re- tarded by the impact. The gases of the ex- ploded powder eseaping from the gun between the free side of the shot and the bore of the gun press the shot still harder against the int of impact, and at the same time give ad- Sitional velecity to the disengaged portion of ile. ‘The result is that a spinning mo- tion is imparted to the shot as it leaves the muzzle. « WHY A ROUND PROSECTILE CURVES. ‘The eause of the curved path of « spherical Projectile is the unequal friction of different portions of its surface with the air. This may | Perhaps best be illustrated by reference to iliar phenomena attending the playing of Dillierds. Lf a billiard player designs to cause | the cue ball to follow the cushion the bali is | intenced first to hit, he eanses the ball to rotate | away from bim on its ve is. (See fig 1.) | ‘This tendency ~ follow the cushion is due to the fact that the lateral motion of the surface | f the ball mum of friction resuits. If. om the contrary, the ball is cansed to ro- tate toward Qe player. the motiou of the sur- face of the bell which strikes the cushion is | such as to create a maximum of friction at the | point of its contact with the cushion and divert the ballata much more obtuse angle to the Tail (See figure. ) If now we transfer to the air, instead of the billiard table cushion, the same conditions with Fespect to the ball, we obtain substantially similar results. When s base bail pitcher de- sires « ball to curve to the right he imparts to ita lateral rotation from right to left, and vice versa when he designs to ‘ve it to the left. "The phil of the phenomenon of a curv- ing base bail isas follows: While the ball is pase- o> the air the effect of the air on the Dall is the same as if the air were rushing past the ball. The portion of the front hemisphere of the ball which is rotating against the currnt of air is subjected to much more friction than the rT hich is turying in the cirection of the Eurrent, and the ball ts consequently forced over toward the opposite side, which is the side frietional the ball also of teast resistance. Aw bere it strikes the cushion is in aid | Of the ball’s forward motion and that a mini- | which it spins are exaggerated to facilitate the planation. ‘The line A B represents the surface on which the top is spinning. The line C D the axis of its revolution. The friction on the surface of the top from C to F is manifestly greater than that from © to E. and the difference in some proportion represents the excess of the repell- ing force at F (or the lower side) over that at E, and the consequent tendency to force the top into an upright position, so long as the not compelled to adhere to the point C F by a constant extraneous pressure. The following figure isa bird's-eye view of the peg of the top, showing the nature of the tangents it is forced to take in performing its circular course in the direction of its rota! If the Pe, could be held close to C ¥ allthe time it would act asa cart wheel does and take the top in the reverse direction, ins manner anslo- gous to a similar phenomenon in the gyrose when the counterpoise is ‘applied, as shown in the figure. AncumoLocr. ‘The rifled firearm first appeared about the beginning of the sixteenth century, but the grooves of this firearm were straight. While the straight grooves had little or no effect per se on the range or accuracy of the projectile, they had one good result, which was to receive much of the residuum of the exploded powder and greatly restrict the fouling of the bore from that cause. The first spiral-grooved fire arms are re- puted to have been made about 1520 by @ gun- maker at Nurnberg, and from these there was a slow but sure increase in the power and accu- racy of rifled ordnance. Vhile the rotary principle as applied to fire arms is of such comparatively recent origin there is not altogether an absence of reason to suspect that the value of that principle as con- tribetory to the sftclency = other secu of weapons had long before been a weapon en applied if not PRINCIPLES KNOWN TO THE INDIANS. Occasionally among the fhodern Indians ar- rows may be found with the feathers arranged with the evident intention to give the missile a rotary motion, but whether this device was de- rived from observation of rifled firearms or is a traditional aboriginal art I have been unable to discover. In the Smithsonian Institution may be seen a number of stone arrow and spear heads, whose forms are strikingly suggestive that their in- ventor had aclear conception of the practical value of the rotary principle and designed those heads with a view to take advantage of that principle in the use of the weapon. An aj proximate drawing of a type of these heads +A erewith shown. The uniformity of figure of these heads pre- cludes a presumption of their having been so shaped by accident or for any consideration of facility im construction. It can hardly be con- tended that they were beveled for any purpose of facilitating ‘their penetration. ‘The shape given them conferred no special advantage of that kind, and could not be compared in value, ag more penetrating device, with the points of many of the cruder forms of stone arrow ds. “Verily,” as some observing remarked, “there is no new thing under the sun.” —Ecclesiastes, 1: 10. Wiruram Trxpart. SUICIDE IN A COURT ROOM. A Prisoner Convicted and Sentenced Takes Poison and Immediately Expires. A fearful tragedy occurred Thursday at the | Newcastle, England, assizes. A man named Baker, who bas heretofore held a respectable position in society, was convicted of an un- natural crime. The prisoner had shown great agitation dur- ing the trial, and when the vérdict of guilty was announced he seemed utterly downcast. Mr. Justice Lawrence, who presided, sentenced the prisoner to ten years’ penal servitude. The prisoner's relatives were in the court room and they. too, manifestel deep emotion, which seomed to bavé an additionally depressing effect on Baker. | As the latter was leaving the dock, in charge of the wardens, he waved a farewell to his relatives, and almost instantly fell uncon- scious into the arms of one of the wardens, | Medical aid was instantly summoned, but it was too late. Baker died almost instantly, be- fore he could be carried from the court room. The greatest excitement reigned in the court the dead man’s relatives did not hesitate to de- nounce the jury as having convicted him fully, and thereby driven him to his deed. “it was found that Baker bad a deadly dose of poison. ———+e+_____ A Convenience. From Life. “I shouldn't think you'd care to live here in New Jersey, so far from a drug store.” “Oh, that’s all it. Xt ‘the slot ‘machine a the states ae at the quinine you want.” ———on—____ Morrison—“I hear Jansen—“Yes.” Morrison—“What did Jansen—‘* ican." —Life. same in effect, as if a current of air were blow- |- room and the ordered 7 yaies when dead, and they stopped for eine ie pie, ae. fer oe were ng dented. "The rotunda ones more be- sensation to sual ry wi wis ame s Baker were witnesses of his desth and eome of | noom on Decomber 80 till noon on December all dass A HISTORIC BIER. The Ostafalque on Which Distin- FROM LINCOLN TO LOGAN. An Interesting but Mournful Relic Hid Away 1m Washington's Untenanted Temb—Des- polled by Relie Hunters—Designed to Bear President Lincein’s Remains. ‘Written for The Evening Star. AS INTERESTING NATIONAL RELIC, which the world's fair‘will probably want, has been preserved here for many years in a curious hiding place, unknown to the people at large. It is a relic of sad and melancholy mem- ory, being none other than the historic bier or catafalque upon which successively rested, as | they lay in state in the rotunda of the Capitol, ‘the remains of the nation’s martyred President, Abraham Lincoln; those of Thaddeus Stevens, Penneylvania’s first “great commoner;” of Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln's Secretary of the Treasury and afterward Chief Justice; of Senator Charles Sumner and Vice Presi- dent Henry Wilson of Massachusetts; of Presi- dent James A. Garfield and of Gen. John A. Logan. It is made of wood and consists of a platform and elevated dais covered with fine black broadcloth and ornamented at the sides with tasteful funereal trimmings. The base is one foot high, five feet wide and ten feet jong, while the catafalque pr feet high, the top surface wide and seven feet lon; & width of three feet and a bagi of eight feet below. When not in use all these twonty-six rs since it was constructed the bier has m kept in a dark stone crypt or tomb inside the Capitol, away down under ground in the very center of the building, remote from all scenes of legislative strife and political turmoil. } ‘This subterranean crypt was prepared in the first year of this century as a mausoleum to re- ceive a sarcophagus containing the remains of George Washington, nnder a resolution of Con- gress early in 1800, when xt wreapropesed to build a statue of him in the rotunda of the Capitol and accord his dust a national sepul- ture underneath. But the crypt was never into requisition for that purpose, be- cause Mrs. Martha Washington in her lifetime objected to the separation of her remains from those of her illustrious husband and desired to be buried with him, and because Washington also in his will signified his desire to lie in- terred permanently at Mount Vernon. THE CENTRAL POINT OF THE CITY. It is worthy of note that the site of this un- tenanted tomb of Washington marks the exact central point of the plot of Washington city. It is reached pomecemy floor focrieed Lesagersered ‘flight of marble steps, and a person visi os it east first-get the key from Architect Clark's accommodating janitor and then throad some dark and dismal passages to the left of the main stairway before reaching the entrance of the orypt. Inside there is a groined alcove on each of the three sides from the eutrance. The bier was built after an original — by B. B. French, jz., commissioner of pub! buildings. This officer, it might be mentioned en passant, had an unappreciated talent for rhyming and versemaking, and during the en- suing administration of Andrew Johnson. pub. lish ricon the new President, en- titled “Two Aad spreafing outward to oper te three | irty inches a. THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C, SATURDAY, NEW YORK NOTES. B Stories and Gossip From the Metrop- ols. Fresh ‘THE FOOT BALL FAD AXD HOW IT HAS TAKEN HOLD OF GOTHAM—THE GREAL STRUGGLE FoR HOME-MADE PIE—BROOKLYN AND ITS WATER FAMINE—NEWS FROM WASHINGTON CUT OFF. New Yonx, Nov. 26, 1891. As I write, at 1 o'clock in the afternoon, I can see from my window the west side trains bring- ing spectators to the Yale-Princeton foot ball game. They are packed black, and have been for hours. I should like to know what serious business in life would draw people so strongly as this chance to see eleven youngsters kick and scuffle with eleven other youngsters? Itisa bleak November day, a little rain which really ought to be snow is dropping from the dull brown skies, and the game is not to be called yet for an hour. But the trains have been Racked since 10 o'clock carrying the crowds. e gates were opened at 10:30, and thousands of adult men and women have been sittin; out in the cold and rain ever since. and stick it out till 4 o'clock rain or shine. Even “‘dead-hend hill.” the famous promontory over- looking the field, has gone back on its 1 uta- tion, as the management has rented the heights — with an admission fee of cout These “fads” are among the strangest features of life in the metropolia. We can all recollect | ¢l the yachting fad, ono of the mostextraordinary which over sietied the city. While it prevailed the man who owned a big white sail boat was the chief personage in the world. It was de- clared by competent critics that no event in the history of New York brought ont such a fleet and such a naval pageant in our harbor as one to allow us of tion. I believe fo allow use system of registra Carson and Mr. Chase agree in this constraction of the committee's action. For the sake of av contention in this direction lam to let it rest there, but of these yacht races. The oxcitement was in- | elec conceivable and the rapture at victory such as would come from the conquest of an empire. Where are those yachts now and where are the hundreds of thousands whocheered the victors? the boats are put aside for new toys and most of the people’ are catching pneumonia at the polo grounds. Then there was the John L. Sullivan fad. Among our Thanksgiving praises let's be giad that this” is over. And 60 they go, good or bad, and yet the same grown men, who will sit for five hours in a No- Yember rain to see two groups of college bo kick foot ball and, then, if they survive, will tho next year do something else equally sonsible, will never tire deriding their lady friends for their vagaries in contour and millinery. BOWLING OS COLD WATER. Another athletic fad of the day is bowling. You will sce columns about it in the news- papers, and some familiarity of the sport is re- quired of those who try to keep up with the procession. Not to be wholly a social out- cast I recently joined a bowling club myself. Te fa a very sober affair, made up princi pally of Presbyterian elders and. deacons and Sunday school superintendents, with their ‘women folks,” but the alleys are in a rather unregenerate neighborhood under abiazing big saloon. We try to look as re- spectable as possible going down the area stairs, and then we are safely in seclusion till it is time toemerge. Probably we gave the waiter as- signed to the alleys the most profound surprise of his life. ‘The crowd was about as hopelessly teetotal as ever collected, but of this fact Gany- mede was blissfully ignorant. To those who “dropped” to the situation it soon grew, ina quict way, intensely amusing. ‘There he stood, in his white apron, a very Casabianca of Gam- ey waiting for the orders of the hard toili: and thirsty bowlers. The moments by an the hands of the clock went round, and there he stood, calm, patient, respectful, but more ‘and more puzzled. The minutes became hours, but there he stood as fixed and idle as a carya- tid. till the mysterious assemblage dispersed without so much as “one beer.” We have nut seen him since. fect in ge the —— virtues and strong points in the characters of Presidents anaes Jackson and Andrew Johnson 5 —. fist epee and = com- pared, Johnson le to appear even a wee bit bigger man than Jackson. Eis comparison irritated the republicans in Con- ‘and when the next appropriation bill was med providing for the legislative and execu- tive service the salary attached to Mr. French’s office was omitted and the office itself thus starved or abolished. PRESIDENT LINCOLN. President Lincoln's remains, after lying in state for two days in the east room of the White House, were transferred to the Capitol, wher ing on this bier, they were exhibited in the Fotunds from noow’on April 20 until 6 o'clock in the evening of April 21, 1865. In that in- terval, says Tux Evexrxo Stan of that date, 40,000’ people about the catafalque and gazed upon the teatures of the dead. A short supplementary burial service was held over the body there, and then the memorable journey was begun to Springfield, fl, over the same route taken by Lincoln as President-elect on his way to take charge of the government, but little more than four years before. ‘On this occasion the four corners of the bi were adorned with bi of Roman tasc symbolizing the sentiment that in union there is strength, made of polished walnut bound together with silverod velvet. | Heavy festoons of black cloth ed; with silver fringe were draped across each side and gathered with rosettes of satin ribbon and silver stars. At the sides of the platform were grounded two muskets with bayonets, two carbines and two sword bayonets, crossed. Over all was thrown the black velvet pall. ‘After Lincoln's funeral the bier was stowed away in Washington's unoccupied tomb. Relic hunters located it by a peculiar power of scent or instinct that they have, and from time to time, despite ali the precautions that could be taken to preserve it intact they despoiled it of many of its ornamentsand trimmings. Three years later an explosion was occasioned in the erypt by the escape of gas from the pipes in the surrounding and the man who undertook to investigate the leak was killed and the bier sadly singed. When Thaddeus Stevens died at his residence on Capitol Hill, however, the frame was covered anew and drawn ont of the crypt into the rotunda above, and from noon on August 13 to 10 o'clock on the morning of August 14, 1868, it did good service as the couch whereon Stevens’ body lay expoted to public view, When, the cortege proceeded to Lancaster, Pa., the home of tl dead statesman, the bier was once more en- tombed. CHASE, SUMMER AND WILSON, Its next service was rendered on May 11 and 12, 1878, in the Supreme Couft room, where the remains of Salmon P. Chase, who died on May 7, lay in state before the official burial services were heldin the Senate chamber. Scarcely had Chase's vault in Oak Hill cemetery closed upon its sleeping occupant when George Wash- ington’s ‘mweanioum again received its inani- mate tenant. Thirteen months afterward the bier was again brought out to the rotunda touphold the casket containing the mortal dust of Charles Sumner, who had died on March 11, 1874 Shortly after the funeral ceremonies had been concluded in the Senate and before the corpse and escorting party had started to New York, on their way to Boston, George Washington erypt again received its own; but only fora lease of eighteen moyths. The death of Vice President Henry Wilson called it out, and from mid-day on November 25 to the same hour of the day following this historic bier was the incidental, not the real goal of the countless multitude who elbowed their way between the serried lines of police and soldiery to the center of the rotunda. Then it was reconsigned to obscurity fora space, while the Vice President's clay drew other crowds before its final interment around other biers in turn at Bultimore, Phil- adelphia, New York and Boston. GARFIELD AXD LOGAN. Nearly six years elapsed. Then Garfield re- ceived Guiteau’s bullet, and his wasted body came back from Elberon lifeless. The cata- falque, freshly covered with black velvet and ailk and draped crosswise with an American flag, was destined to bear its second weight of mar- led. with = Seetenearts Se = LINING UP FoR PIE, But if Thanksgiving day has ite great popu- lar gathering, the preceding day has also an excited crowd. This croyd is almost exclu- sively composed of women, though there are = few stray men in the capacity of messengers, who are at agreat disadvantage. The entire crowd is engaged ina mad struggle for pies. I heard an out-of-town visitor remark the other day,"-My son complains that everywhere he is invited they give him confectioner's cake, but I tell him New York ladies don’t bake as they do in the country.” ‘This is true of as well as cake, both of which national cies are in great demand for Thankegiving day. Many of the restaurants say'‘Baker's pie,5 cents; home-made pie, 10 cents; but one wonders what home they emanated from. But there is ascertain long-established bakery down town famous for its perfect pies, for which, by the way, they get a dizzy ‘price. The day be- fore Thankegiving this store was packed with » close mass of women, a long line of them before the order desk, but the greater number straggling to get to’ the counter and make sure of the coveted pastry. The attend- ants were flying back and forth from the rear room, where were vast tables covered with platoons of pies, apparently enough for the whole town. There was no attempt at system, any woman who can catch the eye of an attend- ant boldly demanding pies and getting them if she can. Stylish women in sealskins and broad- cloths squeeze past errand boys with baskets, and presently emerge triumphant with their flat bundles done up securely between wooden plates. Strength does not count for so much as skill in the contest and the adroit one who sli rowd and gently one's else gets awag while one hd dignified black butler exclaimed despair. ingly, “I've been here an hour and a half and I ain't got nothin’ yet and I don't know what dey will say when I gets home.” BROOKLYN'S EXTRA DRY. ‘The poets and romancers have amused them- selves by imagining what the world would be without water, but never before have we had their fancies so vividly realized as this week. For twenty-four hours Brooklyn suffered a true water famine, and nv one was anxious for any furthur proof that comfort, prosperity, and oven life lteelf, depend directly on & good sup- ply of this great element of nature. It was as- tonishing how the famine paralyzed every feat- ure of life. We have not had such an object lesson since the blizzard. It struck, e expected in part of November the misery and the peril would have been extreme. For- tunately the air was mild, so that there was no suffering from the cold weather. But transportation, bathing, the washing of di and clothing, ‘and, in fact, all the commonest and most peremptory operations of society, were struck down ata blow. Of course, if the famine had continued there would have been a great effort to supply the community by more primitive means. As it was, water began to be sold in the streets. It was a curious applica- tion of the famous lines of Coleridge: “*Water, water every where, But not'a drop to drink.” By the way, this is not the correet quotation, but the world insists on interpreting the lines that way, and the ghost of Coleridge will have tosubmit, like other beings, to the inevitable, In view of Brooklyn's fright our own alarm on Manhattan Island was comparativel; small but had not the skies relented and po down two opportune deluges of” rain we should have been by this time high on the way 8 first-class panic. The one singular feature of it is that it seems impossible to use the salt water. Applications were made by manufacturers and others to use this water in boilers, but they were refused on account of the danger. It may be that had the case demanded it there would have been somo wholesale converting of salt water into fresh, but this would have been an expensive juxury. ‘The danger was so near that we appreciated it, for suffering must be thrust on’ he to be felt. We woul appetite in jussia. Once upon atime, the story goes, a reacher was macing forth most eloquently to EiS'congregation and all were deeply moved Coop, se! inan, who was observed to remain as calm and cold as a statue in the midst of sobs and tears. This callous insensibility provoked one of the tion to ask after the service how it was possible for him to remain ble 80 strai indifferent. “Ob,” explained than placid, “I don't Delong to this pariah.” ‘THAT HUBRICANE OF Youns, Nym Crinkle tells a thrilling tale of the ond of the world, which made itself known to the citizens of New York by the gradual stoppage of dispatches from inland cities. Sen Francisco was silent and could not be of ‘31, 1886, a multi; ed tno ieee gi Suvaved tee enshot of Lancets' there was now ‘Clark to cover Lagan, the second eon of ornamen: satin festoons are now totally ipcedatory sour tm what is of the whole & sorry forthe brondcloth covering is simon Uevoured by moths and only strand of satin oe around one side and one end. Clark, who has cus- of the treasured relic, now keeps it under pore may have tobe used’ But in cues used. But incase forfeads not another ‘must imply, it can be rit, left it for the letermine whether ite own mem- bership should be selected by a system of reg- istration or by viva voce vote. Even the constitution under which the central commit- tee have acted since its addition in December 1881, is silent on this subject. It says: “The delegates composing this convention shall be elected by the several district républican clubs which are recognized by this committee.” ‘The national committee now says that these delegates shail be elected “in primary district assemblies,” &c., the only distinction resting in the phrases “district assemb! and “the several district republican clube,” neither of which designates the modus operandi of election, being expressicns only of the manner of meet- ing. ‘The question of voting stands today just where it has stood since the first election for the members of the central committee on the first Tuesday of January, 1884. ° The constitution of our central committee says that the election here referred to “shall be held at such placesas the presidents of the district clubs shall fix.” 1¢ national com- mittee places this power of selection in the hands of “the members of the national commit- tee for the District of Columbia and the chair- man of the republican central committee of said District.” Our constitution gives the cen- tral committee a membership of sixty-six; the national committee reduces it to twenty-two or one from each legislative district, and these are the only essential points of difference between the rules adopted by the national committee and those heretofore recognized by republi- cans of the District as part of the constitution under which the central committeemen have invariably acted. Even the time for ele these committeomen, fixed by the nati committe, is the same as recognized by the constitution, the first Tuesday of January, 1 and not an earlier date, as many thought wou! be the case, largely because it was considered immaterial when the District convention to elect delegates to the national body should be held. and the representatives of thenational organization felt that they had no right to name an eaglier date, as by so doing they would have required me to kill the body of which I am the official head, and subsequently to pro- claim the ina tion of its successors. stated in « published interview not long since that the life of the present central committee would not expire, politically, until its success- had been elec! which could not possibly be before the first in January, 1! and that the birth of the new committee _couk not take place until after that date. Recog- nizing the justice of that claim for the com- mittee whose members had been elected for four from the first of January, Tues- day 1888, the national com- tee very properly set the above time for electing members of the new central committee. I have endeavored to state my position ina spirit whose tendency shall not ulone be for the intereste of our party here, but also that here- after members of our “grand old party” in other sections of the country shall not be re- quired by democrats to explain why itis that here in the national capital there are such dis- graceful exhibitions of the inability of the col- ored man to appreciate the value of true citi- zenship whenever he attempts to exercise the right of suffrage, even in embryo. And now that the recognized leaders of the two factions of colored men in the District have expressea the belief that the nationai republican commit- tee desire that the new central committee be chosen by viva vooe, vote let all true repub- licans unite in manly, patriotic efforts to get rid of even the appearance of ruffianism and mob rule in the several legislative districts on the first Tuesday of January next, thus demon- strating the ability to govern ourselves and proving the justice of our demand for the Fight of suffrage inall political affairs of the Dis- ict. Let us witness no more humiliating in- stances or glaring evidences of incapacity and unfitness to be clothed in the full garb of American citizenship here in the most beauti- ful city on God’s green earth, the capital of the freest and best government the sun shines upon. A. H. 8. Davis, ‘Chairman Republican Central Com., D,O, November 27, 1891. penectes LEU ‘The Banker's Daughter. Life. He: “Didn't my note come to you in time yesterday?” She: “‘No: I never rgceived it.” ti we cal _ it went?” remember hearing papa ea: something about a note of yours pe od rf Protest yesterday—whatever that is.”” opiate adiedart When He Will Settle. From the Club. ‘Luggs (the tailor)—“Well, I guess Anglo will not settle with mo till ho dies.” “Dies? He won't leave Lugge—“I know, but when he return to settle,” ny thi dies he'll dust, ‘and dust is bound to T| prayer and ennointing, pungies had left our creek that Saturday morn- ing, and although we were several hours be- hind the last one our skipper determined to 4 belief tally sSoathoned ty ten seoeoe was he manifested to go to camp meeting on this We missed the swash channel by nearly a mile and ran aground: but, worse than that, my had barely struck when to more oaths in five te in half an hour, in t write them at all if I ie wife was aboard, but fortunately was deaf and could only imagine what he ind, sight approsehing and notsing te boced a ap) ne on to eat. ‘There were plonty of crabs agound, and no line. But I wanted which I untwisted and tied erforaline. I selected a small ing held there yearly. There was nothing at- tractive about the place where these meetings were held, on the lower end of the island de- scribed, unless the attraction consisted in its centrality. There was no water and no shade, except that afforded by eleven which have since disappeared, and by bowers. I am told this point was thicl wooded when the British landed in 1814 an cut nearly all the trees down. It was here tnat Father ‘Ihomas preached to the invaders and told them plainly they would fail in their attack on itimore. per or northern end of the island spreads wider and affords « seant tillage to the er folk inhabitante, who were the recipients of the ministrations of Father Thomas, parson of the island, ashe was called, whose circuit extended to Kent Island. ‘This Father Thomas was a famous man in bis day, and his cures by as related in ography, would put the modera faith doctor to the blush. His influence over his flock was remarkable, though on one occasion he had to ao against the creed of the early Methodists, and the discipline, too, if I remember rightly, to f, to law with each other. Two of his Tangier flock hada ent which Father Thomas had been to ad- just. The men were angry and would not ten to their nor toany oneelse. The situation im Father tk the advice of Thomas Joynes, = the ae hele Joyness of the court of appeals of Virginia, a then eminent lawyer in Accomac. Mr. Joynes advised him to return to the island, get bis whole flock to- gether, including the’ two irreconcilables, and hold a prayer meeting, which was to last until the dificulty was adjusted. He acted upon this advice, and bappi ly the two were recon- ciled, not, however, until near the end of an all-night meeting. sec! the father of islanders have alwa; ral to the northern Methodist ch thove on the main loyel fo the Union cause on the in to cause throughout the war. FATE OF THE LIQUOR SELLER. While there is no law against the sale of spirituous liquors in the island noone has ever successfully engaged in that occupation there. The house of such a one always burns down. The hardy boatmen dwelling upon the of the main have fur- nished their quota to the merchant and naval marines on the utmost eas. Under the age of steam their numbers are constantly declining. The late war furnished congenial occupation to these adventurous spirits in ranning the blockade. Strange as it may seem Washington city was the principal point of ‘The manner of operation was this: As soon aso pungy (a small schooner) arrived with = load of potatoes or whatever the ea would go to the Georgetown custom house and clear light. Thishad been the custom from time immemorial to save time. Belling hie ee charge hie goods aip oat and proceed on ‘his el out an on = ‘When he was in boarded off Piney Point he would show his light clearance. Some- times ft would happen that no nity was his load en route, so he was compelled to proceed to his loaded des- —— perhaps to repeat the effort with ad- It seems incredible that this traffic should have continued under the nose of the federal —_ without the connivance of some of ite officials. Whisky and salt were contraband of war, and were only permitted to be sent to the eastern shore of Virginia in limited quan- tities and under severe restrictions. Salt was made here by boiling sea water. A TRIP DURING THE WAR. I left Baltimore in 1863 on board a schooner having on board five barrels of whisky, for Cup eg treed knew, but yet contra- expressed ‘to-get it through, When fort McHenry he took the board- ing officer down in the cabin. What occurred when the officer came satisfied and we there I do not know, ut on deck he expressed himself “Why, man, he’ “T euuldn't see the rich, “He tirely eatisfied in his ‘Cannan; frunatation is ensy. ‘ap his trape Soest pomiene suv act betags mm toes are not any and shipments have been’ neatly discontinued. The ng iy your city market for 6 a rel, cover, , freight ‘snd commission foot up nearly $1 — have not filled well yet o the ary ‘and tor better results wit a NEW PUBLICATIONS. Batt x vin AMD waonORt: A Narrative of the Princ! Operations of the War, from the Accession of Graut to the Com- mand of the Union Armies to the End of te War. By Wits J. Amsorr, author of “Blue Jackets of '61,” etc.. ete. Titustrated by W. C. Jackson. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. Wash- ington: Pu = KINDERGARTEN GEMS. _A Collection of Stories and Rhymes for Little Folks. Adapted to the Kindergarten and the Home. Aexrs Ta KETCHUM and [Da M. JORGENSEN, editor liastrated. St. Louis: Christian Publishing Co. Washington: J.J. Decker. MY CANADIAN JOURN. L: 187218 Extracts from my letters home, written while Lord Dut- ferin was Governor General. By the Mar- ghichess of ‘Dufferin and Ava. _Minstrated. ew York: D. Appleton & Co. Washingtou: Robert Beal. “?™ THOMAS CARLYLE’S MORAL AND RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT. A Study. By Ewaup Five From the German, by Jessica Glibert ‘Tyler. With a portrait. "New York: M. L. Hobcook & Co.” Washington: Wa. Batianiyne THE MAN OF GENIUS. By Crear Losnnoso, Professor of Legal Medicine at the University eeaeemameeete ——. = awk Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Washing- ton: Robert Beall. JAPONICA. By Sir Epwix Axworn, M.A. +» CSL, author of “The Light of With Miustrations by Robert Blam. New Charies Scribner's Sons, Washingto Ballantyne & Son. A HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTIO? By H. Monse SrePnexs, Balliol College, 0: ford. "In Three Volumes. Vol. Ul. < Charies Scribuer's Sons, Ballantyne & Son. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND EXERCISE FOR Wo! MARY TAYLOR BISSELL, “Household Hygiene.” New ‘Co. Washington: Bren- sia.” ‘ork: Wa. MEXICAN PAINTING AND PAINTERS: A Brief ‘Sketch of the Development of the Spanish School of Painting in Mexico. By Kosent H. MBORN, PRD. New York: J. W- Bouton THE CAUSE OF ANICE AGE. By Sir Ronext Batt, LL.D. F--S., Royal Astronomer of Ire- Jand;'author of “Starland.” New York: D. Ap pleton & Co. Washingtou: Robert Beall. ENGLISH SOCIAL MOVEMENTS. By Rosert ARcHRY Wi Lecturer at Andover Semt- ary, ete. ‘ork: Charles Scritner's Sons. Washington: Wm. Ballantyne & Son. STRAIGHT ON, A Story for Young and Old. By ‘the author of “Colette.” With 56 Illustrations by Edouard Zier. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Washington: Brentano's. A MARRIAGE FOR LOVE. From the French of Lepovic HaLevy, by Frank Hunter Potter. Dlustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. New 2 CC SHORT STUDIES IN LITERATURE. By Hawnt- Tow Wright MABiz, author of “My Study Fite etc. ete, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. THE LITTLE LADIES. By Mevex Mitwax, guthor of “Boy.” | Illustrated by Emily ¥. Harding. jadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. ‘Washington: Brentano's THE AFGHAN WARS: 1899-42 and 3S7s-80. By ARCHIBALD Forbes. With Portraits and Plans. New York: Charles Scribner's Sous,“ Washing- ‘ 0 his | 4 PINCH OF EXPERIENCE. By L. B. Watrorp, ‘author of New “The Havoc of a Smile,” etc, etc. York: United ptates Book Co.’ Wi ntano’s. CHATS WITH GIRLS ON SELF-CULTURE. By E124 CHESTER, author of “Girls and Women.” New York: Dodd, Mead & Co Wi o Brentano's. MAX HEREFORD'S DREAM. By Epxa Lraut, author of “Donovan.” etc.,etc. New York: United states Book Co. Washington: Bren- THE MODERN COOK BOOK. Embracing more than 1,000 Recipes. Illustrated. ©.: Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick. SYBIL BROTHERTON. A Novel. By Mrs Euwa D. WORTH. Philadelphia: T. B. E. N. Sourm Peterson & Bros. CHATTERBOX FOR 1891. Edited by J. Exskixe ‘CLARKE, M.A. Boston: Estes & Lariat. Wash- ingtm: tano's. THE MAN FROM NOWHERE. ‘Haines Loveweap. San Murdock & Co. HOLIDAY STORIES. By Stermex Fiske, author of English Photographs,” etc. Boston: Benj. ieker. A WIDOWER INDEED. By Raopa Brovontow and ELIZaBBTH BisLaxp. New York: D. Apple- By Fiona ca ton & Co. A CHICAGO BIBLE CLASS. By Unstta G. GRSTEFELD. New York: U: Staies Book THAIS. By ANATOLE FRANCE. Translated by A. ‘D. Hall. Chicago: Nile C. Smith Publishing Co. THE RICE MILLS OF PORT MYSTERY. By B. F. Heuston. Chicago: Charles Hl. Kerr & Co. FRIENDSHIP: Essays by Cicero, Bacon, Emerson. With Portraita “Chicagos Albert Scott & Co. ON THE INDIAN RIVER. By C. VickeRstaFr Hixe. Chicago: Charles H. Sergel & Co. DUCHESS ANNETTE. By Avexaxpne? fils. Illustrated. Chicago: Laird & Lee. ——___+ee Couldn’t Get Her Trade. From the Chicago Tribune. “It’s funny,” said the young man who had just d | opened s store in the neighborhood, “that I can’t get that woman's trade. I've gone out of my way to be pleasant to her, andshe won't even look in here any more.” “Was she ever in here?” asked the cus- “Once, ied th “and I “Onee,” re je young man, “‘an treated her the best I knew how. “Sho had her little boy with her and he was tickled to death with the little white mouse I have in the cage on the front counter.” “And she?” “Oh, she liked it, too. She said it was a pretty little thing, and seemed to enjoy his ploasurein watching iteantion. So just shonght 'd clinch matters and I took it out of the cage a6 pak Oe floor. It's tame, you know. The boy was perfectly delighted.” to have one,” he said. Mr. Hill questioned the fellow railroad pres- ident about bis road and found that it wae thirteen miles long. thes. “A cork leg leno end of a bore,” said the man who limped to the Sran writer. “Just think of it—I was ata dinner party the other | night and it was my bappy lot to have « most charming damsel fall to my abare at the feast. We conversed most pleasantly through the | oysters and the soup. but when the fish came ‘on the became silent and seemed unaccountably embarrassed. To draw her from this mood I abe only finshed and looked angry. Finally, interrupting me im the midst of a litte mot which I had composed carefully while dressing for the dinner, she said indignantly, though fotto voce: | po:Rits Will thank you to stop equeexing my | foot: |, “Imagine my embarrassment! I bad been treading upon her toes with my cork foot—of course without knowing it. Could anything have bee ? “Obviously she was not i ing | OB an occasion of social festivity. I was forced to do #0. She accept apologs ond een proceeded to injure a ings bY giggling. Iwas much gratified being overtaken by « convulsive and fll-1up- Riggle while taking a swallow of water. th ly as toexcite the war pathetic attention of everybody present. could not help feeling sorry that it wasn'ts ne — CHILE TOO NONCHALANT, The Opinion of the American Colony at Val- Paraiso, Americans bere are not satisfied with the result of the investigation by Jndge of Crimes Foster, saysa press dispatch from Valparaiso. The Chilean government appears willing to let matters take their course, just as if the killing of the American sailors was an ordinary crime, to be treated in theordinary way. There is no appearance of any intention to comply with the request of the United States for satisfaction, and the indications are that this attitude will be persistently adhered to. While the Chileans have ceased to insult Americans, and are even seemingly desirous of being friendly, there is an evident reluctance to yield anythi in the American controversy as @ maiter pride, rather than policy. The English minister at Santiago is known to have had along conference with President Montt, it is believed in regard to the silver car- ried off on a British war vessel in behalf of Bal- maceda. Presi Montt is said to claim satisfaction for what be conmdersa breach of neutrality on the part of Great Britain. Av English influences are predominant at San- tingo it snot thought that there will be any serious controversy on the subject. It as eaid that of the seveuteen millions expenses curred by the congressional junta in carrying on the revolution, between four and five millions are due to parties in Engiand whe ed- vanced money to aid the revolutioniste, among these being Col North, the nitrate king. The Chilean authorities are great severity all persons who were in punishing Ricardo Cumming prominent residents of V. i is said that Cuming was horribly tortured by order of the intendente before in order make hi names of supposed accomplices. stretched on an improvised rok ond red off by inflicting pain, but be could not be foreed to reves any thing. Several who took part have already been executed and others are be- ing sought for. ¢ arrival of the U. SS. Yorktown is re- ceived with great satisfaction by Americans at Valparaiso as calculated to inspire more re- spect on the part of Chileans for the United States, ‘The time is regarded as tunate for strengthening of the American naval force, because likely to exercise whole- some influence on Chilean action in the matters roceedings before the judge of crimes. The Chileans are evidently impressed and re- rd the Yorktown as the avant courier of the t now said to be on the way to the Pacific. With all their show of stubbornness there is ample proof that the Chilean officials, from ministry down, are very uncomfortable. The American method of impresses mp yn yy been to Spanish, English and German blaster ing. At first they mistook the quiet firmness of the Americans for cowardice, but now they seem to be convinced to the contrary, and they are getting more and more assured that s reckoning cannoi be avoided. ——_——_ee—____ SILVER MINES Washington Want = Receiver for the American Mining and Smelting Co. A bill was filed in the circuit court in Chi- cago yesterday by Sarah A., Edith and Virgins L Copland and M. N. Lamb, ali of Washington, D. C., asking the appointment of a receiver for the American Mining and Smelting Company, an Lilinois corporation. The complainants say that in October, 1889, they owned stock in the company of the par value of @521,000. It in alleged that a month later Daniel P. Ellis and C. A. Otis entered into a conspiracy te secure all the assets for their own use. With that end in view they notified part of the stockholders present at « special ‘lending statement of ‘6 affairs, showing it heavily in- ve assets, was made: that the stock- holders were thus induced to turn over to the defendants all of the company's property, the defendants assuming its indebtedness. Cot- plainants allege this act was in fraud of their Tights and ask for the appointment of a re- ceiver. The company owns three silver mines at Leadville, Col., on which it has spent be- tween $400,000 and’ €500,000. Kun Down by Steamers, Adispatch from Shields, England, reports a sad accident at that place, by which three men lost their lives. A number of work men on board a steam launch were crossing the river Tyne, when @ passenger steamer ran into them, crushing the launch into pieces. Three of the workmen were struck by the bows of the steamer and instantly killed. “The others were thrown into the water, but were picked up by boat the vicinity. Adense fog prevailed over the River Mer sey, at Liverpool, Thursday night. An unknown bark, suj to be the Harmony, is an- chored off the bar light ship with her maste gone and her hull seriously She bas been in collision with an unknown steamer. ‘The latter vessel was so badly damaged thet she filled and sank, and her eutire crew were drowned. en Another Clue to the Dynamite Kobbers. The American Express Company officials of Chicago, it is said, bave struck another clue in the train robbery at Western Union junction. Manager Antisdel says thet late last Monday night = man was arrested in @ town not far from the scene of the Papers were found on surpect which seemed to connect him with the crime. 2 cansed the prosecution of the archbishop of Aix. It is expected that the French goverumest will 3 | lake notice of the letter and cause ite eutber to be prosecuted. — ; iil i