Evening Star Newspaper, August 22, 1891, Page 12

12 THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, IN THE SWISS LAKES. A STUDY IN HOUSES. What the Homes of Different Peoples Tell Us. THREE INTERESTING TYPES. Characteristics of a People Shown in Their Style of Architecture—Houses to Float on the Water—In Switzerland, Norway and Siam—Similar Features in Other Countries. ‘Written for The Evening Star. HE FORM OF CONSTRUCTION IN houses is not directly determined by the era of building alone, or by locality, or race, or by the state of knowledge, assome have sup- posed, but by a combination of influences too intricate to admit of generalization. An infiu- ence of akind which finds expression at one time or place may be entirely wanting at an- other. The most that can be said is that the necessity or impulse acting on the builders most strongly will, according as the means are at hand, give character to the work. Nor are the influences few; they are as varied as the traits of man and the accident of his surround- ings, and while they are not all and always operative, one and another become dominant and in some measures crowd out the others. The entire character of a farm house is as dif- ferent from that of a fortress as agricultare differs from the business of war. While this is obvions enough in many instances the motives oringuences at work are so complicated or nu- merous, some strong and others weak, that it becomes difficult to account for how the partic- ular style in question came about. The needs. Fesources, traditions, tastes, superstitions and even religious beliefs of the tribes of men are in their building—and these are of unlim: variety. The minaret was not some freak of fancy in the architect. It was designed, as the word in- dicates, to shine. to be conspicuous and to be a station whence the muezzin should detiver his message, likewise indicated by his title. ‘This functionary not appertaining to the ob- servance of Christianity, the minaret would be looked for in vain, piercing upward froma thie cathedral. bell tower, sometimes with a spire, is another matter. The houses of old seaport towns have a plat- form with seatson the roof for an outlook, | which is never seen on houses of the interior more than the minaret on a Christian church. I have seen houses with structural devices for the exclusion of evil spirits. THREE INTERESTING TPES. To illustrate this and other kindred subjects the National Museum contains a large collec- tion of models, of which three taken at ran- dom contain somewhat of enrious interest. ‘The factors or conditions producing the result in these become quite apparent. They repre- sent widely different eras, states of civilization, surrounding conditions of resources end cli- mate, diverse culture, and although sirvilar in many respects, are far from identical. It is interesting to note where they approach or diverge in object and method of ‘adaptation of means toends. All these buildings are, as a common characteristic fact, separated from the soil—from the land. The first is from the Swiss lakes, the second represents Siam and Chins. the third from the highlands of Norway, in point of time one is of unknown pre- ean date and the others of today. But let each account for itself. ‘TEE LAKE DWELLINGS OF SWITZERLAND. ‘The lacustrine abodes or lake dwellings of Switzerland belong to the stone and bronze ‘agesand reach into the dawn of the iron age. ‘The type is extant and it is believed, not with- ‘out reason, that it has continued in unbroken suceession from the earliest dav. They are now in Russia, Borneo and other islands of the Malay archipelago, in Central Africa and many Other lagoon regions such asthe lower Miseis. of Switzerland preceded history and must tell us of their origin, for it has not been told of them. e been found fifty settlements in each of the Some were covered under deep allavial deposit and some under the lake. The existence of these were when a subsidence of the water lake bed and the forest of stakes. were found to have been sharpened fireand driven into the mud, and, -d, supported by stone ‘the nature of the F to the world the li as the life of their inhabitants down to some of the smallest details. BOW THE NOUSES WERE BUILT. ‘The stakes supported a platform at some dis- tance from the shore, with which communica- tion was had by a narrow bridge, the latter, doubtless, to be removed or destroyed in case of necessity. On the platform houses with thatched roofs were built, and through the platform in the center of each was opened a trap door admit- ting of communication with the water below. discovery that the roofs were thatched was due to finding of pieces that had been pre- served, having been charred in the contlagra- tion that destroyed the village. There were no chimneys, food having been eaten raw or eookedon land. Most of the villages had at one time or another been destroyed by fire. Even the winds of heaven at the time of the have been interrogated. They ‘Were strong and blowing from the south in ai- most every instance. ‘THE BUILDERS were ‘They had domestic animals—the ox, hog and the friend of man. They wore raiment, skins , cooked bread, hand-made pot ornaments, stone axes. kuives and the stone swords, an adjunct entire structure may be treated as a sin- Pe gdifce. The platform common touill the wes of string and 2ross picces timber attached ther and to the of the piles by withes. this the houses of like material, the walls being of mud interlaced with timbersand roofed rafters, and thatched, all very similar to may now be found in many parts of the civilized world. This iss house built over the water on by a prehistoric people, intelligent, us, in locality and skillfully employing i costal id the means they had within reach. ret or engines ring dexterity of much more substan on ‘A moment towhich it was dedicated and the life of its buiblers, we come to of i that alPimportact factel the’ ais with comfort. Such deliberate isolation, and at so great c has been attributed to conve- nience in fishing. But since they used canoes and nets, both pertaining to the open water, they had to go out from their dwellings, and if 80 why not live on shore and go out from there? Protection from wild beasts has been given as a reason, but that could as well have been accomplished living on shore, by means of stockades. Defense from hostile attack seems to be an inevitable inference, and it is i mt on Lake Prasias in Thrace successfully resisted thearmy of Darius and so escaped being carried captive into Asia. With none but the weapons then in use such a position was practically impreg- nal A VILLAGE IN SAFETY. The picturesque fact is that it was not a stronghold par excellence, but a village—e vil- lage set in a position of safety, where the avo- cations of life were pursued in peace. The fortress (primitive though it be) lies hidden beneath the fact of isolation from the firm land, where tribes march and ambuscade, while to the oye is presented only scenes and’ inci- dents of quietude. It is this that finds graphic expression in the lake abodes and characterizes their archi- tecture. The genius of the times is in them. IN SIAM. Many centuries Inter and in far distant lands, possibly then uninhabited, we find men living in abodes somewhat similar, but markedly dif- ferent from the lacustrine abodes. On the great rivers of China and Siam are boat houses, those of the former built on true hulls and of the latter as here shown. The platform on which the house is built rests on a mass of bamboo. flat and broad, bound to- gether by joists and studding attached to the platform itself. The bamboo, having joints at intervals, constitutes a collection of air-tight compartments, affording a great measure of | buoyancy. By means of this, when the river runs low, the structure rests on the river bed, | in position like any other house, and when the water rises it flouts like a raft. The super- structure is built of paneled teak, is light, ga- ble-roofed and thatched with the Stap leaf. This residence is moored when desired by means of spuds or poles, moving freely through Tings at the prow or street front, and adaptable to the depth of water. ¥ARIOUS PURPOSES. In both countries they are occupied as dwel- ling, booth or trades, as the case may be. They remain at one place, rising and falling with the | river. or may load with merchandise and be | towed from place to place, dropping down the | stream or slowly toiling up, remaining at one and another place as oceasion may require—at home, so to speak, everywhere. They are a familiar object and almost typical of the broad, shining rivers of the far east. Observe the similarity and divergence. Both | dwellings are amphibious; both are or may be | removed from assault by being detached from the iand, and are truly primitive contrivances. But the latter, instead of being necessarily local; | may be nomadic, and is adapted to the require- ments of commerce. In a word, the builders | of the latter are a commercial people. which | the lake dweliers were not, and this marked difference may be seen in their dwellings, other- wise singularly alike. How vastly diverse an xppearance must the rivers present to that of tue Swiss lakes in the stone age. THE HIGHLANDS OF NORWAY. Another building erected on the rocky hills of Norway presents a distinct form. It is sepa- rated from the ground for protection—but this time from field mice. While in this respect it barely suggests the motive of the other it pre- sents an interesting contrast. It is (and Nor- wegian dwellings are constructed on much the same plan) massive and strong, and in joiner work and ornamentation is more suggestive of the cabinet makers’ art than the builders’. But here is introduced the element of tasie, of which the others are almost entirely devoid. To the commingling of commerce, defense, comfort, we owe the firat two buildings, while to taste, for dress, for the beautiful, we attri- bute the individuality of this, and ‘no doubt such work is, in a half barbaric way, a gem. It marks the transition from a hitching of ma- terials together in a primitive and unenduring form to the artof wood working and wood carving that flourished so splendidly in the middle ages. But there is here expressed a fact of perhaps more interest than any that has gone before—the survival of a religious belief expressed in a building. SURVIVAL OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF. It will be observed that, on the Siamese river dwelling, the eaves at the gable ends are orna- mented with device representing the cobra, 80 often repeated on buildings, fabrics and metal work in the east. It is the emblem of serpent worship. which there still obtains. Above the gables of the Norwegian building may bescen a carving representing the pine tree of the north. It is the roof tree, in em- blem, which is placed there upon the roofing in of every building erected in northern Europe. The custom is occasionally observed in America. This ix the survival of the tree and serpent worship, now extinct among the northern peoples. And soin this buildi find expression of a religious belief, in one case still in force, in the other only in the form of a survival, but both equally expressive of a fact in the life of man. However inadequate these examples may be the collection of models taken together won- derfully illustrate how much man declares himself in the house he builds. v.0. asin the other, we Sold His Whiskers by Auction. Justice J. L. Ganzhorn of Kansas Gity, who last week deputized a saloon keeper to marry him toa woman worth a quarter of a million, found the work of his court dull and tedious the other day. Suddenly he arose and announced in a loud voice that he proposed to sell his snow white beard by auction. A crowd soon marriage ceremony last week, t the whiskers for 245.50, announcing that he would pay for them when ‘he wanted them delivered. "The justice drew up Dill of sale in legai form, sealed it with his notarial seal and gave it to Davis. ' THEATRICAL TALK. New York Managers Opposed to Hav- | pers ing Bars Near Their Houses, STAGE FOLKS AT LEISURE. Actresses Who “Make Up” When Off the Stage—Augustin Daly’s Repressive Discip- Mne—A Youth Who Sought Notoriety—How an Actor Secured a Pair of Trousers. Correspondence of The Evening Star. New Yonx, August 21, 1891. 66)\ J ORE MONEY IS EXPENDED IN PRO- viding dramatic amusement for the People of the United States than the people pay for it.” This assertion, that more capital is put into the theatrical business than ever gets out again. was made by a participant in a peculiar meeting of managers held privately this week. Some of his companions looked in- credulous. “It is absolutely true,” he went on, “and I qualify my statement only by leaving the variety show branch of the business out of the calculation. There's big profit in variety, swe all know. The three richest men in American management today—that is, of those who made all their money out of the stage—got their fortunes chiefly from variety theaters. Reckoning chiefly on legitimate theatricals, and in their aggregate, they don't pay ex- penses.”” The conference conceived a proposed means of making theatricals pay, and the prime mover was putting forward an argument in justifica- tion of the plan, which was nothing else than to make alcoholic trafic help support the drama. Seven managers were prescnt, and they were harmonious in the belief that the liquor law should be so amended as to permit bars in places accessible directly from the theaters. At present the statute forbids the sale of intoxicants in any room which can be entered from a theater without going into the street on the way, the intention of the law- makers having been to separate the two diver- sions of drama and drink. This law is observed generally in the Broadway theaters. Once in @ while a door is opened froma lobby into a bar room, but the offense has to be stopped quickly. “The consequence is not any curtail ment of tippling between acts, but the division of it among the groggeries close to theaters. Now, the seven managers in secret session agreed unanimously that the liquor traffic de- mdent upon each theater could and should Betong tothe house, and be made to swell its revenue. ‘The bar would pay the orchestra,” said one, in whose mind the cost of orchestral music was begrudged,.s it is generally among managers. “Wouldn't it degrade logitimate theatricals just a little bit?” was a rather timid suggestion. “Not if it's done right,” was the very posi- tive reply. “It should be made fashionable, London theaters, with their open bars in cor- ridors and lobbies, should be cited as a swell example. Degrading! Nonsense. Why. don't you remember that the late Lester Wallack opened a bar in his new theater, and not only that, but outfitted it with barmaids imported from London? It wasa brilliant idea. fel- lows were a little shy of ordering drinks from the girls behind the counter, but the strange- ness was ‘wearing off rapidly, and in a month a bar would have been a boorsin adjunet of the swellest theater in town. But the police wouldn't allow it. The bar was down in the cellar, with a stairway from the main lobby, and that was a violation of the law. What we want to do, and can do, is to amend the statute so as to permit 2 bar ina theater. Then every manager can scoop the drink business,that Ly right belongs to him.” ‘WOULD NOT HAVE BAR ROOMS. Your correspondent spent a single hour in going to the oftices of Broadway theater man- agers other than those who had attended the conference, and in that short time he found eight who’ declared, unhesitatingly, would not seil drinks on their premise matter how much freedom the law might g1 Four of them had leased their theaters with a certainty that the adjoining stores would not be used for bar rooms. Friends of the unsullied drama or of temperance need have no dread of bars in legitimate New York theaters. A ma- jority of the managers are against it, no mat- ter if it would be ‘so English.” ‘This has been a dead week for new matter on the stage, but next week will be all alive with the production of eight new pieces. The the- atrical doings, therefore, are still preparatory. Upper Broadway is still thronged with players, most of them so jaunty and pronounced in a be recognizable on sight as show folks. POWDER AND PAINT. “The mistake,” said a pretty actress, “that most of the women in my profession make is in putting powder and rouge on their faces when they go on the street in the daytime. it is absolutely impossible to make up the face so that daylight will not reveal the false coloring. How many women of real beauty I have seen cheapen themselves and disfigure the honest good looks that heaven bestowed on them by eating a stage make-up in daily lite! wouldn't like to mention the names of actresses that paint and powder and crayon for the street, but if I started in to do so I don't think I should ieave many of them out. I have often heard men say that they suffered an intense shock in meeting a stage beauty who had seemed almost divine to them across the footlights merely because they found them vulgarly made-up. They could have easily forgiven the few blemishes that aclean face would have revealed, and with that clean face the actress would have preserved for them nearly all of the fascination that she exerted by means of her theatric artificialities, T have tried so often to talk my friends into this way of thinking, but I've never had any success, and though there are many girls and old women for that matter whom Iam very fond of most of them make me frightfully ashamed of, myself and my profession when- ever I go out with them in the daytime. And rouge sooner or later coarsens the skin, until a woman who uses it gets positively unwhole- some to look at. But they will use it, and the crayon on the eyes, too, and the consequence is we actresses are ‘often taken for something very much worse than we are. Ab, well. I, at least, am free of the habit. Of course I touch a powder puff to my nose once in a while just to take the shine off, you know. Like this, you see. Adab on this side, then a dab on that, and then, just to blend it, you bring the puff over the cheeks and chin—and there you are.” And the merry little actress, with her sound ideas on the vulgarity of making-up, went her way, her face a luminous white and her lips a deep crimson from constant biting. ACTORS AND THEIR DOUBLES. Nat Goodwin has been the week's greatest personage in Broadway, if we are to rate him by the curiosity evinced by observers. That is beca + his exploit of attempting to break into his wife's house has been published extensively. Besides, Goodwin is such a blonde little fellow, so exactly like his stage self that strangers reg- ognize him readily. He is having a prolonged spell of conviviality. It is being told of the son of tie late Joc Emmett that he used to take his inebriated father’s piace on the sta; without the substitution being detected. No such thing ever really occurred. But it is a fact that an actor named Charles Coots used to take Goodwin's place when that actor failed to come to curtain time and the audience would not know the difference. The character wasan exaggerated one in mako up and delivery, how- ever, and that made a clever imitation possi- ble.’ Goodwin is one of the few comic come- dians who are also amusing off the He likes to tell funny stories to a crowd and One of our yg ran ae contains no bar does it well. 1 not walk in Broadway except when on an actual errand; that he ll not visit any other theater without that shall in. no way @ forint ge mean thet an; ‘mem! (excepting Ads Reban) shall o and 5 ima space to or quence is that Jealousy of Miss "8 con- it in that of the clubs the other night and hegged him to sit down. “Now, my boy,” said the youth, “I have some- thing to tell you. I reallv'am having a devil of 8 time of it in New York this summer. T've got in with a lot of Casino girls and we eat late sup- till yoncan’trest. Cham , You know, and all that sort of thing. Oh, I wouldn't dare to tell you all xbout it, because a man doesn’t talk of ‘these things; but what I want to know fs, couldn't you just run mo alittle in your paper. Something playful, yon know, but snappy. The fact ie a man can make a hit with the women after he has been published. Why, Iwas cut ont, almost, here a few weeks ago by a chap who got in an awful mes: and was sngee for it. Now, I don't want to figure too high in the papers, but I shouldn't object to be touched ups bit. I'll tell you another thing. It sets a man up at Del's. ‘When he goes in there he is pointed out as that fellow, you know, that the papers pitched into. Now, what do you think? Can you give me a prodding?” The journalist said he would consider the matter. This young man issimilar to many more bred in his sphere, who are more than anxious to be advertised as gay fellows knowing how to enjoy life brilliantly. They are embryo men- about-town, and they deem it a necessity to have it known they are naughty in order to get the respect of the smart set. The young man in question is probably getting up early each morning now and running to get the papers, to seo if his escapades with the Casino girls are yet spicily chronicled. They probably never will be, but if they are then the youth will assume a sad and injured air before his parents and pfbmise never to do wrong again, while out in the city he will walk with a jauntier step and fancy himself a deuce of a fellow his romantic frailties are observed. ‘HOW HE GOT A NEW PAIR. An actor stood on a shady corner of Broad- way one morning this week congratulating himself thathe was alive. He was dressed rather warmly for the season and his straw hat needed renovating. Just as he was wondering whether he would better enjoya drink or a shave on a spare 15 cents that he jingled fondly about in his trousers pocket he espied another actor coming toward him, a fortunate, ele- gantly attired young man’ who is playing a summer engagement and dines every day. “Say, where did you get thoso trousers?” he asked of this latter complacent personage as he and his clothes drew near. “London,” was the reply. “Well, they look like Waukesha,” said the first actor. ‘The well-dressed man smiled and passed on, but was soon hailed from a doorway by a tall, cavernous-jawed tragedian, who shouted: “Say, where did you get those trousers?” “London,” was again the reply. “Pretty tough, ain't they,” said the tragedian. “T've sceri ’em like that in the one-price stores out at Spokane Falls.”” The young actor began to look 2 little dis- turbed, but passed on without further remark. A little further along an undersized comedian espied him from the opposite side of the street and came hurrying over, crying: “Why, my boy, how’ d'ye do? Say, where did you get those trouser: “London,” the other softly “No!” exclaimed the com look more like Salt Lake City By this time the prosperous actor was a little annosed. ept on his way. only to be stop- ped in quick succession by four more impecu- nious professionals, who asked him where he got his trousers, and then assured him that they were very bad style. At lust he turned and walked uptown again, and when he reached the corner where the first actor had hailed him he found that dusty and disconsolate individual still there wondering whether the shave or the drink would be the better 15-cent investment. “Look here,” said he, going up qo this puz- zled and needy person, it a fact that these trousers of mine are bad form?” “Ob, the worst I ever saw, my boy,” was the rep! jot up to your style at all. Now, I need a pair of trousers pretty badly but really I wouldn’t—yes I would. though. i must stifle these fastidious notions of mine. Yes, I would wear those trousers, though I should’ hato to. But you! Oh, take ’em off, if you value your reputation.” The actor looked at the spenker sadly and then, taking him by the arm, said: “Come on up to my rooms and I'll give you these trousers. I guess they must be pretty bad from the unanimity of condemnation that they have provoked. Come along.” The needy actor went, and a little later he re- ceived the congratulations of his friends who had assisted him in disgusting the original owner of the trousers with his property “Ain't they beauties!” he exclaimed, posing in front of the bar room mirror. “Oh, spotted m a week.ago, and I had to have ‘em or die. And I've got ‘em.” ———_+e+___. Is Mother I. From the Chicago Heraid. All England is laughing over the delicious impertinence of a Chicago society girl who was sight-seeing near Windsor castle last week. She saw a little fat man wandering around, and going up to him she said: ‘I say, butler, is there any chance to get a glimpse of the queen?” wered. ‘Well, an Londo’ The little fat man bristled up and his face grew very red. ‘I am not the butler,” he said. “I am the Prince of Wales. ‘Oh, how lucky!" exclaimed the young lady. “Is mother in?” ———+e+____ A Lucky Find. From the London Standard. There is going on just now near the Barriere de Montreuil, at the extreme east end of Paris, asale of rubbish, familiarly known to its fre- quenters by the unattractive name of the “Flea Market.” An old lady, Mme. Pacaud, had an extraordinary piece of good luck there yester- day. She bought a very old and dilapidated mattress, and on cutting it open with a view to having the horsehair cleaned, she discovered a leather bag containing 14,000 in gold. As the bedding is known to have passed through ‘large number of hands since it left those of its original possessor, it would be useless to at- tempt to find the rightful owner of the treasure, which will become therefore the legal property of the lucky old iad; When “sometime” comes then we shall taste the joys for which we long, ‘The shadows will be sunbeatns and each sigh will song: ‘The 8 t dead hopes we cherish so and in our breasis entomb ‘Will all come back to live again and fill our hearts with bloom. The dreary wastes of desert sand will blossom as the Tose, And every brook will babble sweetest music as it flows. Our hungry souls that now exist on just the meager ‘erumps: Will then sit down to princely feasts of love when ‘somet! mes. cot ‘When “sometime” comes then all the year will be ‘a glad, sweet June, And all the music of the world will be in perfect tune. The paths we tread will lead us on through blos- Bomed--cented des, And we shal listen evér to the chimes of fairy dell ‘The thora‘ess roses all the day with dewdrops will be wet, And Joys will come untangled in the meshes of re- et; Our utes ‘will nit as gayly as the wild bee when it yams * Its drowsy song from honeyed flower to flower, ‘when “sometime” comes. ‘When “sometime” comes then all the world will be ‘a dream of truth, And we shall fee! once more the charm and inno- cence of youth. And sing the glad, sweet songs we sung in those bright gutniners when We played in careless joy nor knew the weary thoughts of men. And ail the friends we hold so dear—the ones who loved us 50— ‘Win aif come back to greet us from the happy long ‘The sits with dous and dishes and the boys with ani age rams, ‘We'll see them all together once again when “some- time” comes, from Honolulu, bringing Hawaiian exchanges he | to July 28. ‘The following is a summary of re- cont events in the islands: On July 11, during a terrific gale at Kawathe, three canoes, containing thirteen men and s pe ee er of thet place vis bis owner * tno craft a the of any one whe Sion Ser senator ores ml Te , was ‘way u} the mainmast to keep a lookout which, he ain for hours in the face of the gale. It was sunset when the lost men were found ont at ul ABOUT NEW LONDON. A Pretty Oonnecticut City on the River Thames. HOME OF THE WHALERS. An Industry Which Furnished Employment to Hundreds of Men and Made Large For- tunes Now Killed by Kerosene—Benedict Arnold’s Birthplace, ———— ‘Written for The Evening Star. OWN THROUGH EASTERN CONNECTI- cut the beautiful Thames river flows to where it joins its waters with Long Island sound. The earliest settlers recognized its beauty and named it for the grandest river in old England. Then on its banks they founded the city that was to be and called it New Lon- don. The years passed by and the little col- ony thrived apace, till on the right bank of the river, about four miles from its mouth, & pretty town graced its founders, judgment. From the first its people had been & seafaring race, and it was the pride of the place that its ships were the stanchest and its seamen the bravest that sailed from our coast. A hundred and fifty years ago the whaling industry was at ite height, and New London and New Bedford well nigh divided the profits of the whole trade. All summer long th “whalers’”’ ships fitted out and collected their crews of hardy seamen for the winter's work. THE OLD WHALING smIP. The ships were full rigged with single top- sail yards, like a man-of-war, and carried a huge tank and furnace for the “first trying out” of the fat from the whales. About the last of A {ter the stores were provided for a six months’ cruise, the ‘whaling fleet,” sometimes of seventy or eighty ships, started out for the Jong voynge “around the horn” and off on the long stretch, one-quarter around the world, to the north Pacific. The night before the fieet sailed was a famous one for New London. The swecthearts and~ wives of the seamen gave them an immense farewell ball and all night long the buxom maidens and the hardy blue jackets danced as the best fiddlers for miles around played the “White Cockade” or “The Devil's Dream.” The kegs of ale and barrels of cider gavo good cheer, and when the arty broke up, as the sun rose over the Groton ills, many a tar who had cheered a little too much staggered back to his ship singing “My Nanoy,” or a crowd stood on the street corners and shouted some old song, while one or two belated tars and the sweothenrts a‘ jown’ Groen grow the rushes, oh? Green grow the rushes, oh! The sweetest hours that ever I spent ‘Were spent amongst the lasses, oh! or to the rollicking tune of “Highland Mary.” THE LOXO VOYAGE. The next day as the sails were loosed and the wind filled them the gallant ships tacked out through the race and rounded Montauk Point as they stood away on the long voyage to the first stopping place in the Brazils. The wharves were crowded with the sweet- hearts, wiver and children who wished to wave a last adieu to papa, husband or lover, and a profane old tar says the “gals used to bawl and sniffer about it so much that the ‘Thames river is salty yet on account of their briny weepin’s.” The winter went by waiting for the whalers’ roturn, and when the spring came there were anxious hearts watching a waiting for the return of relatives and friends. Along in May a few stragglers appoared laden, with oil till they floated su deep in the water that they had to steer carefully up the channel to avoid rocks that formed no menace to them as they went out in the fall. These heralded the return of the whaling fleet, which soon was all in the harbor again—all except the few that had been left, peruaps lost in a storm or crushed in the ice while too far north. Then came the wel- come home, and a bail, happier ard more gay than the “farewell” had veen—lovers were welcomed back, wives met their sailor hus- bands again and children their fathers. A few took no interest in all this, for their “ship had not come in” and only sadness was in store for them. FORTUNES THAT WERE MADE. Fortunes were made from the proceeds of one voyage, if it was « good one,and when such was the case the old sea captains often concluded to choose from the maidens that with light hearts and merry faces welcomed the whaler's return a “mate for life” and settle on shore to enjoy their hard-earned fortunes. If they were accepted by the maidens, and they generally were if their pockets were well lined, a stately home was added to beautiful Now London and grandchildren and great grandchildren occupy them now to tell the tales handed down of how the founder won wealth and health in the whale trade. The immense refineries gave em- ployment to hundreds of people, and it took scores of barks and brigs to carry the whale oil to the ‘old country.” But kerosene came and the whale trade was ruined; the whalers’ ships wet into other trades or rotted at their moorings, and now all that is left is the ruins of the refineries, a few old inns that were the havens of rest for. these hardy mariners, and the high-bowed, donble- ended boats that ride the seas so well aud exist now almost alone in the navy as “whale boats.” Where the whalers once rode at anchor by the score the white-winged, trim yachts crowd the harbor, or the white war ships of the new navy cast their shadows, and where the largest refinery stood, at the mouth of the Thames, the Pequot House, one of the prettiest summer resorts of the whole coast, now holds its sway. A few of the old sea cap- tains hobble about, ready to tell of the days when the Mary Davis and the Watersprite raced from New London to the horn and never took in a sail for seu or wind till the whaling grounds were reached, but they sadly add that “nothing is like it used to be.” BENEDICT ARNOLD'S BIRTHPLACE. Across the Thames from New London is the pretty town of Groton, that bears the name of its founder. Here was the home and birth- place of Benedict Arnold, the traitor, and here were shown the worst effects of his treachery. Here ona hill that overlooks the city and har- bor the revolutionists, in 1777, built Fort Gris. wold to defend their rights. "It bravely with- stood with its little garrison two attacks made by the coast raiders, and ,in the spring of 1780 the — gallant Ledyard and 200 patriots held it alone. Benedict Arnold, with several hundred followers, 1891-SIXTEEN PAGES. ninety beautifal occupies nearly the whole harbor at the mouth of the river. For over a week in every summer this pretty equad- Ton remains in the harbor while its gig races and cutter and steam launch races are then at the boom of the gun from the flagship Electra they start away on the day's run to Nev toend the cruise; or perha north to Bar Harbor, sailors venture, as it i and sometimes, even in summer, not very smooth voyage. Thongh the days of the past and the summerit through the short New i during the long ity ite people remain hospitable and kind to frien and stranger alike and the wealth the whalers earned has not departed from it, but still re- maine to adorn it with beauti andsome the shade trees that line its wide streets. Drow Wituiams. a ee THE COLIMA’S TROUBLESOME TIGER. ‘Twice Loose Aboard Ship and Once on the ‘Wharf—Made It Lively Every Time. ‘From the San Francisco Examiner. To say that matters were lively on the Pacific mail dock yesterday morning would be to put it mildly indeed. Consternation ran riot, and while the recol- lection of what happened during the period of excitement caused lots of merriment to those well out of the danger belt, there wore faces around tho dock which did not regain their usual ruddy complexion until some hours had passed anda goodly number of water-front toddies had boen consumed. The cause of all the trouble was a tiger of the Central American sort, put aboard the steamer Colima at Panama to come to this port. The lithe animal behaved fairly well during the trip. This is accounted for. no doubt by the faet that it was kept caged and one of the sailors appointed keeper. _On one occasion the animal got loose, and as the passengers and crew on the spur of the moment forsook the deck puss turned its at- tention to .the chicken coops and hog pens. After filling up on fowl meat and feathers it had just begun to scratch holes on the back of sloud-squealing “porker” when the keeper d_® couple of courageous messmates man- aged to secure the snarling animal with ropes and soon had it caged again. As the Colima lay at the dock Tuesday night the tiger freed itself once more and went mean- dering in the moonlight. The cabin door of old John, the ship's quartermaster, stood open, — = pape — john is the prot 1 of two green par- rota, which dangle from his cabin ceiling in two separate cages. One of these, upon seeing the glaring eyeballs of the intruder, remarked, with more assurance than precaution, “Who are you?” Pretty soon the two cages were on the floor, and the big tiger from Central America was juggling with tI The racket awoke old Jobn, and, noticing the bedclothes move, the tiger jumped upon the juartermaster, and the clawing he got caused fohn to shriek for mercy. His howls brought the whole ship's company on the scene, and once more was the brute secured and 5 The process of landing the brute yesterday morning was attended with danger. Two ropes were fastened to its collar and one man dragged while the other pushed the tiger down the steeply inclined gangway to the dock. It re- sisted strongly until near the bottom, when it suddenly jumped to the wharf, broke away from ite 8 and started for the crowd which had gathered. There was a wide scattering on all sides, and it was a case of the survival of the fittest. "A Chinaman with a basket of clothes on his head, who was knocked down and trampled upon, seemed inclined to ask f fo'?” but when he saw Central America making for him he jumped to his feet and joined the crowd. The nearest man in the line of danger was Customs Inspector Shepman, amd for him the The inspec tor’s gray hairs and tiger sprang. —— je dock an. Freight Clerk Green droy en alligator Pear which he was scooping Ed alld to thesdock Office. Quartermaster John tried to climb a pile and the tiger had the dock to himself until the sailor who had fed him on the trip came along and got hold of the beast after offering it some- thing to eat. i ——~e.—___ KINDNESS MADE THEM QUARREL A Philosopher Proves That Prosperity Leads to Heaps of Trouble. Chicago Times. “Prosperity is always a blessing,” said the dreamer. “It breeds quarrels,” said the philosopher. “How do you make that out?” “Watch.” The philosopher caught half a dozen’ boys about afruit stand. Qne of their number, Possessed of money, had purchased a pear. The others wished for it—in vain. The phil- osopher laid down 50 cents and told the dealer to give the urchins fruit up to that limit. At first there was alittle cheer of ap- proval. One boy took all his share in plums. Another wanted an assortment, but there were no damsons. Another sclected a fine peach, but a third also wanted that. He gave it up and tried to take two apples. pples. fuother bor wanted one of the apples. “A fourth gamin snatched poth apple an pear and stirted to ran. ‘Two others. follobea caught and pummeled him. While they were so engaged their own goods were con- fiscated for general use. The dealer had to run them oar with a club to*keep them from overturning his stand. A dozen fresh urchins, attracted by that sharp sense which tells of spoil, flocked in, grew angry because they had “been robbed,” as they received nothing, sod in ees ee the block was full of struggling, fighting, brawling boya. “All brought about by prosperity,” eaid the philosopher. —_—_+02—_____ HE WAS IN A HURRY. An Old Story of How Two Greenies Fired Off = Cannon. Chicago Herald. During the war two recently arrived Irish- men who had made up their minds to enlist in the service of the republic, but were hesitating between the army and the navy, went on one of the gun boats at the Brooklyn navy yard in pursuit of information. The man-of-war had just been placed in commission and was ready for immediate service, but was delayed by lack of men to man the ship. ‘When the errand of the two greenhorns was desperados, pirates and tories, swooped down on the const and. attacked the fort, Col, let yard bravely withstood the fearful odds till every load of powder was gone, and the wooden side of his fort was burne: nd all but a score of his men were killed. Then he concluded to surrender. Down came the flag, and as the traitor and his followers rushed in the fort Col. Ledyard handed his sword hilt first to Arnold. Who grasped the sword and without a w ran it through the heart of the gallant patriot. The town was then sacked and burned and the home of Arnold's venerable parents re- ceived the first evidence of the traitor's wrath, It was completely sacked, burned and torfi down so that hardly a stone remained Other. After this uscless, senseless raiders shouldered their plunder and coast. Col. Led; “What has fell a d THE THAMES RIVER. To all lovers of college games and college fame the Thames river at New London will ever be dear, for here is the great course over which the college boat races are rowed each ®|rounded by a body of sailors, shook him awake. made known to the officer on deck he left them alone in order to fetch some one whose per- suasive powers would be sufficient to attach the Irishmen to the crew. While he was gone they noticed one of the huge cannon and one ob- served to tho other: “Is that big gun loaded over there, I dunno.” Michael,” answered his friend, “but if it wasn’t for losin’ the bullet pens of bullet for yez,” said Mike, as ho saw a big iron kettle near by. So atthe barrel took a firm grasp ot the bell wich of eafirm both hands end. gave tho signal. His fellow- he =i THE STORY OF 4 SEAL. Some Interesting Views as to Methods and | Having Made Friends on Land, It Refuses to Tones by Prof. Lampertt. Dr. Ludwig Hartmann, the well-known musi cal critic of Dresden, has recently published in the Dresdner Zeitung some communications from various teachers regarding the art of sing- ing. Among them are the views of the famous Dresden master, Prof. G. B. Lamperti, which are here reproduced, believing that they will be found interesting to the large number of sing- ers in this city. Dr. Hartmann writes: The captious world maintains that Dresden more singing teachers than scholars. Certainly there are many more of both here than in other cities of Population. And this fact proves how interesting it must be here in Dresden to listen toacontroversy that has just taken place in Warsaw over the painful topic of the “beet method.” Each disputant maintained that hie or her system was the best. All the Warsaw Papers teemed with the interesting dispute. ax ‘one here in Dresden can well imagine, which reference to the principles of the develop- ment of the voice as well as to the stumbling blocks in the way to success. The contestants were the most prominent private teachers and one teacher from the Royal Conservatory. As the debate is significant and of importance to students who are striving to become opera singers, the Warsaw Echo has considered it in- dispensable for the general welfare of ari not to confine its columns toa mere expression of Warsaw opinion, but to apply to certain other eminent authorities in the ‘world of sons \« information. One reply bas for us in Dresden peculiar charm. We herewith publish the com- munication frem the distinguished master, Prof. G. B. Lamberti, in Dresden. The ques- tions are: id 1. What is the point of support of the voice? Is it the chest, the head of the windpipe or the roat? 2. What do the terms “open” and ‘‘closed voice” mean, and can one sing with the open voice through the whole of its range or only toacertain height. beyond which the closed Voice must be used? 3. Do the length and similarity of breathing Periods depend upon open or closed tones or Upon a good system of breathing and upon a finished vocal education? 4. Is the aim of a good ringing method to lead the student to a complete independence of every system, and will it permit him to sing according to his individual inclination, with closed or open tones. Prof. G. B. Lamperti's views are, viz: “The supports (production) of the voice depend upon muscles of the chest and upon the minownt of concentrated air in the lungs. One must in- hale the breath slowly in order to fill the Jungs without shock. “Regarding the timbre of the voice, one must study and practice open tones. The emission of the tone should be practiced with the vowel “a,” which must be produced in the back of the throat as though one would pronounce the word Tanima. | The student must be careful not to change this “a” into “o,” for this change would lead the singer to the production of a false timbre or of « throaty tone, whereby he would lose the natural variation of i registers must be «ung with ¢ It is impossible to submit one same rule for the practice and exercise of all and the the registers, and this is my experience after years of study and teaching. The talent of the singer is highly individual. In the voices of menand women one finds three registers— chest, middle voice and head tones. Asa proof that one cannot establish a fixed rule for the registers of voices, I cite three instances of well-known scholars of mine in Warsaw. all three soprano voices, but with different regis- ters. E. Visiae sings only the three first tones of the scale of C natural (beginning with low C) with chest voice. tier middie register has six notes to C sharp and head voice. A. Fossa three chest notes, but only to D sharp, fromE to C middie register, and then head tones. Marcella Sembrich has only two regis- ters, Cto B middle register, and then head tones. Marcella Sembrich bas thus no chest voice at all. One can see, therefore, that there are singers who possess only two registers. “Thelength of adiaphragmatic breath should be at least eighteen seconds. Through intelli- gent schooling the lungs and muscles can be greatly strengthened. A singer who has studied under competent guidance should be able to sing open or closed tones as the exercise de- mands. The singer must have control of his breath and know how to be sparing in its emis- sion, so that « supply of air always remains in the lungs in order to complete every phrase or cadenza with a surplus of breath. The art of singing is only the schooling of the breathing. In truth, one must remember the words of Rossini, ‘For singing one needs three things— voice, voice and agsin voice.’ Wat is known as tremolo con only occur when one attempts to sing notes which are either above or below the range of the voice, or when one does not understand the equipoise between the breath and the voice; i. ¢.. when one attempts to bring out greater tone fhan the supply of breath al- lows, so that the vocal chords become strained. The third cause of tremolo is that the young singer generally attempts tooearly in hiseareer to accumulate a dramatic repertoir. One should therefore wait until several years have been spent in the theatcrand abundant routine has been acquired and learn to save strength and voice. The vocal chords lose their stability through being forced and tremolo follow very naturally. ————~--—___.. Baron Hirsch, Paris Letter to the New York World. An arrangement had been made with Dr. Son- nenfeld, the director of the Baron's Bureau de Bienfuisance, 36 Rue de Belle-Chasse, Paris, who promised to secure this interview with the baron in London, and fortified with a note to M. Furth, Baron de Hirsch’s secretary, the correspondent was to mect him at the Albe- marle Hotel, Piccadilly. When the correspon- dent called'the baron was engaged with a vis- itor. A few moments and Iwas admitted to his sitting room. It ison th2 second floor of hotel, with the two windows looking on to Albemarle street. Baron de Hirsch was sitting at a smail table which was now littered with his morning's mail. He rose and, without offering his hand, bowed slightly, and motioned me to a chair close at hand. He is a compactly built man of fifty-three or fifty-four years, standing about five feet ten, and who would tip the beam at 170 pounds. He is square shouldered and with a very slight protuber- ance in his abdominal section. The face of Baron de Hirsch is nota notably strong one. His clean-shaven face ig ruddy and his head pretty bald on top, only a few silvery hairs cropping out from the reddish scalp. The rest of his hair is thick, strong and black, but ples tifully sown with white. His forehead is large and very slightly retreating, while projecting a little over his emooth, well-marked erebrose, His eyes, large, round and brilliant, are of a clear, greenish shade, with white of the eyeballs showing a slight tendency to be bloodshot. is nose is a well-sha ili hands is marked with a few pale froci feet are small and well shaped. tryman knocked the contents of his pipe into the vent, heard a terrific roar and dida't iousness after conse! being ‘the force of the recoil until the officer, sur- “That won't do, young man,” said he an-~ of the fellow who onc supgnded, Mie eed as ho wint, he won't be long gone.’ ue I : f i E EY & Fa i 4 i i f i ft te ilte 3 it ae men ag 2h. who is well known, iow all toe thioven™ Return to the Sea. From the San Prancitro Chronicle, The steamer Gypey had a very peculiar pas- senger for half the way up from Monterey on its Inst trip. The peculiar passenger was nothing less than alive baby seal, which had some curious and almost wonderful adventures on the shore at Pacitic Grove. Early one morning the family of Jndge Boardman of Reno, Nev., were awakened by a strange barking in the yard. The cause of this commotion proved to bea baby seal, which had crawled from the shore,a quarter of a mile away, during the night,and had taken up its quarters in 8 dry goods box in the dooryard. The sea waif was givens bowl of mushand milk for breakfast. The animal was inoffensive and allowed his Penlie paw ergo to pour ge Tepast down his throat without stragglit away. Then the seal stretched hhimeelt Sco the lawn, where he siept and snored soundly. the day the boys of the Boardman family, fear- ‘ing the little seal would die if kept out of the water, carried it to the bay and threw it in. ‘The seal was loath to remain there. The bors waded im and pushed him out some distance, until his sealship tried to bite them. Then they gave up the task and the little seal prompt! deserted the waves and started stra! was back for his adopted home on the hi The boys followed back. past several houses, ant ognize. Immediately upon bis arrival there he seemed once more contented and took a nap offour hours. After the nap was over Mrs. Boardman and ber sons again took him to the seashore. A train passed by ae he lav on the rocks. He lifted bis head and barked like a dog at the passing monster. Twelve times that afternoon the boys carried the land-loving scal over the rocks and throw him into the water, but his persistence equaled theirs and twelve times he clambered out on dry land again. Finally the persevering little animal won his own way again and reascended the bill, re turning straight to the Boardman residence. At night one of the Boardman bors opened the door of the woodshed, and the seal, which was outside, flopped right in and made himeclf at home. He lay down on a pile of sacks, where he slept quietly all night. The next day be was sont off on the steamer Gypsy, and was brought up as far as New Year's Point, where the seals breed, and was thrown off to’ rejoin the tribe from which he was probably lost. It is supposed that the little seal, which weighed bout fifty pounds and was about three months old, became lost and wandered down the coast to Monterey. It is also thought that he was attracted to the Boardman residence by the barking of a dog there, which might have led tile fellow to imagine be could find bis lost companions. English and American Health. ‘T. W. Migeinson in Harper's Bazaar. It is the general testimony of Americans who have lived much in England that appearances are deceptive and that the greater share of flesh and color possemed by our transatlantic consina is not always the indication of better health or grenter strength. Even these out- Sard attributes are not always the result of English residence. The Inte Rev. William Henry Channing, on his occasional visite to this, his native land, used to lament that bis years of English life had not given him an added pound of flesh, while all his early com- rades had grown stouter in America. But even where these externals are they do not necessarily indicate any other physical advantage. Certainly there are many parallels that might be drawn, in Plutarch’s fashion, be- tween conspicnous his amples. ir. a striking instance of prolong: tivity “than did, up to “the same of life, the late Mr. tainly "the dy Iyle and the intellect of Ruskin have been painfully unlike the serene and wholesome declinipg years of Whittier and Holmes. Among younger English intellectual workers it is understood that Hamerton must live in France for his health’s sake, and Sy- monds in Italy and Stevenson in Samoa, Henley is mainly known from bis poems writ- ten in a hospital, and Kipling is mentioned as already broken down in health. Among all our younger American men of letters there is no nch group of invalids. Among women we hear of Florence Nigltingale as wholly invalided for many years, while our own Clara Barton, after all Ler ordeal in our civil war—an ordeal whic if leas intonse and concentrated than chee Florence Nig) , Was far more prolonged— is still in active vigor and always ready, on @ click of wire, to repair to any scene of war or pestilence or inundati: she and ber red cross are needed. labors until well into the eighties. Such eom- parisons, if they do not give conclusive evi- dence, yet certainly to the imagination ‘and set one thinking. The truth probably is that the “added drop of nervous fluid” which has been attributed to stains and builds up on the ing something of the vital forces, tracts more work out of what is left. complished American woman long in England, Miss Mary E. Beedy, gave it as her 0) i ithtins would seem a hard day's work to an Engi Woman would seem an easy day's work American of the same sex andage. We di ourselves appreciate at what habitually driven by thet combi of climate and temperament ‘Thomas Gold Appleton well called “the whip of the sky.” Who docs not know in any American city some small, thin, pallid woman 2 fis" E588 h the inte work of each? sponding “help,” the whole house work and ‘washing of “help,” the whole house husband, children and hired nen, besides San: such woman too hard, ne replied: “There is 's wite in this town who doce recognize this description as generally faithful; and many of them, probably, will think they can identify just the to whom refe nd wonder when and where I particular instance. 1 it be said that many of these hard-working Americans, men or women, break down in the ia il il ih e i it f i z 3 FE i i if : or dl